Email Address
[email protected]
SLAUGHTERHOUSES, RENDERING FACILITIES, AND ABATTOIRS EFFLUENTS PARAMETERS TO BE TREATED Home
»
Blogs on Water Treatment Plant & Machinery
»
Slaughterhouses, Rendering facilities, and Abattoirs
E몭uents parameters to be treated
Slaughterhouses, Rendering facilities, and Abattoirs E몭uents parameters to be treated ADMIN
1. Slaughterhouses, Rendering facilities, and Abattoirs E몭uents parameters to be treated E몭uent from slaughterhouses, rendering facilities, and abattoirs is highly polluted and requires rigorous treatment before discharge or reuse. The wastewater typically contains a mix of organic matter, fats, oils, grease, and nutrients. Here are the key parameters that need to be treated: Typical E몭uent Parameters in Slaughterhouse/Rendering/Abattoir Wastewater Parameter BOD₅ (Biochemical Oxygen Demand)
Typical Range (mg/L)
Signi몭cance
1,500 – 8,000
High organic load, indicates oxygen demand. Total organic content, including non-
COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand)
2,000 – 10,000
TSS (Total Suspended Solids)
800 – 3,000
Includes blood, tissue, and hair residues.
TDS (Total Dissolved Solids)
1,000 – 4,000
Includes salts, organics, and small particles.
Fats, Oils, and Grease (FOG)
100 – 1,000
Can cause clogging and interfere with treatment.
100 – 400
From proteins and urea in animal waste.
Ammonia (NH₃-N)
50 – 200
Toxic to aquatic life; needs nitri몭cation.
Total Phosphorus
10 – 100
Contributes to eutrophication.
pH
6.5 – 8.5
May 몭uctuate due to cleaning chemicals.
Variable
Public health risk if untreated.
Nitrogen (Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen)
Pathogens (E. coli, Salmonella, etc.) Odor-causing compounds
Present (H₂S, VOCs, etc.)
biodegradables.
Nuisance, may require deodorization.
Heavy Metals (Fe, Zn, Cu)
Low to moderate
Depends on animal feed, equipment corrosion.
Chlorides
300 – 1,000
From washing, sanitizing processes.
Color and Turbidity
High
Due to blood, tissue, and fat content.
Special Contaminants (Rendering Plants Speci몭cally) High protein and lipid content Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) Temperature 몭uctuations (hot wastewater from cooking) Treatment Requirements To e몭ectively treat this e몭uent, the treatment process typically includes:
Pre-treatment: Screening, grit removal, FOG traps Primary treatment: Sedimentation, 몭otation (DAF) Secondary treatment: Biological (aerobic, anaerobic) Tertiary treatment: Nutrient removal, 몭ltration, disinfection Sludge handling: Dewatering, digestion, disposal 1. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD₅) What it is: The amount of oxygen required by microorganisms to biologically decompose organic matter in 5 days. Source: Blood, fat, 몭esh, manure, undigested stomach contents. Typical Range: 1,500 – 8,000 mg/L (can be higher during peak slaughtering). Why it matters: High BOD depletes oxygen in receiving waters, harming aquatic life. It indicates the organic pollution load and sizing basis for biological treatment units. 2. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) What it is: The total oxygen required to chemically oxidize all organic material (biodegradable + nonbiodegradable). Source: Proteins, fats, oils, synthetic detergents from cleaning processes. Typical Range: 2,000 – 10,000 mg/L. Why it matters: COD is usually higher than BOD. It re몭ects the total potential pollution and is critical for sizing physical-chemical treatment stages. 3. Total Suspended Solids (TSS) What it is: Undissolved particles that remain suspended in wastewater. Source: Hair, tissue, bone fragments, stomach contents, blood clots. Typical Range: 800 – 3,000 mg/L. Why it matters: TSS clogs pipes, overloads settling tanks, and interferes with biological treatment. High TSS indicates need for e몭ective screening and clari몭cation.
4. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) What it is: Dissolved salts and organic/inorganic matter in water. Source: Blood, sanitizers, meat juices, wash water chemicals. Typical Range: 1,000 – 4,000 mg/L. Why it matters: High TDS can impact reuse potential and increase salinity in discharge water, a몭ecting crops or groundwater recharge. 5. Fats, Oils, and Grease (FOG) What it is: Lipid-rich substances that 몭oat or emulsify in wastewater. Source: Fatty tissues, skin, internal organs, rendering processes. Typical Range: 100 – 1,000 mg/L. Why it matters: FOG solidi몭es in pipelines, reduces biological activity, and forms scum layers. Needs removal via grease traps or dissolved air 몭otation. 6. Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) What it is: Total concentration of organic nitrogen and ammonia. Source: Proteins in blood, tissue, stomach contents, urea from urine. Typical Range: 100 – 400 mg/L. Why it matters: Leads to ammonia and nitrate formation, which are toxic to aquatic life and promote eutrophication. Treated via nitri몭cation-denitri몭cation. 7. Ammonia (NH₃-N) What it is: A reduced form of nitrogen toxic to aquatic life. Source: Degradation of urea and proteins. Typical Range: 50 – 200 mg/L. Why it matters: High ammonia can kill 몭sh and restrict discharge to water bodies. Needs biological treatment (nitri몭cation) or stripping at high pH. 8. Phosphorus (Total P) What it is: Nutrient promoting algae growth in water bodies. Source: Blood, bone, feces, and some cleaning agents.
Typical Range: 10 – 100 mg/L. Why it matters: Excess phosphorus causes eutrophication and algal blooms. Removed through chemical precipitation or enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR). 9. pH What it is: Measure of acidity or alkalinity. Source: Cleaning chemicals, blood decomposition (can make it slightly alkaline or acidic). Typical Range: 6.5 – 8.5 (but can 몭uctuate with chemical use). Why it matters: Extremes in pH a몭ect microbial activity and corrosion. Must be adjusted for biological processes and discharge standards. 10. Pathogens (Bacteria, Viruses, Parasites) What it is: Disease-causing microorganisms (e.g., E. coli, Salmonella, Listeria). Source: Animal feces, intestines, blood. Why it matters: Public health hazard if reused or discharged untreated. Requires disinfection (e.g., chlorine, UV, ozone). 11. Odor-Causing Compounds What it is: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), hydrogen sul몭de (H₂S), ammonia. Source: Anaerobic decomposition of proteins, fats. Why it matters: Nuisance to communities and health hazard to workers. Requires deodorization systems (bio몭lters, scrubbers, aeration). 12. Heavy Metals (e.g., Fe, Zn, Cu) What it is: Trace metals from equipment, additives, or animal feed. Source: Corrosion, sanitizing chemicals. Typical Levels: Low to moderate, but Fe and Zn may be elevated. Why it matters: Can be toxic to aquatic life and may a몭ect downstream reuse (e.g., irrigation, agriculture). 13. Chlorides and Salts What it is: Inorganic salts. Source: Cleaning/sanitization chemicals, blood.
Typical Range: 300 – 1,000 mg/L. Why it matters: Impacts soil and water salinity, especially critical in reuse or discharge to inland waters. 14. Color and Turbidity What it is: Visual contaminants reducing water clarity. Source: Blood, 몭ne particles, emulsi몭ed fats. Why it matters: Aesthetic concern, interferes with light penetration in water bodies, a몭ects 몭ltration and disinfection. Di몭cult-to-Treat Parameters 1. Fats, Oils, and Grease (FOG) Why it’s di몭cult: FOG can emulsify with detergents used in cleaning, making it hard to separate with conventional settling. Forms scum layers in tanks, reducing oxygen transfer in biological systems. If not removed early, FOG clogs pipes, pumps, and di몭users, and inhibits biological activity. Treatment Challenges: Requires physical methods (grease traps, DAF) and sometimes chemical dosing (coagulants) to destabilize emulsions. Needs regular maintenance to prevent buildup and odor issues. 2. Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) and Ammonia (NH₃-N) Why it’s di몭cult: High protein content in e몭uent leads to elevated TKN, which degrades into ammonia. Ammonia is toxic to aquatic life and regulations for discharge limits are strict. Treatment Challenges: Requires a two-step biological process: Nitri몭cation (aerobic): Converts ammonia to nitrate. Denitri몭cation (anoxic): Converts nitrate to nitrogen gas. These processes require: Precise oxygen and mixing control.
Long retention times. Good temperature and pH conditions. Can be upset by FOG, toxic loads, or shock loading from batch slaughtering. 3. Phosphorus (Total P) Why it’s di몭cult: Present in organic forms (e.g., proteins, bones) and inorganic forms. Cannot be removed by basic sedimentation or biological treatment alone. Treatment Challenges: Requires chemical precipitation (e.g., alum, ferric chloride) or advanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR). EBPR is sensitive to operational conditions like sludge age, anaerobic/aerobic cycles, and carbon availability. Sludge disposal becomes complex due to metal-phosphate compounds. 4. Odor-Causing Compounds (e.g., H₂S, VOCs) Why it’s di몭cult: Volatile sulfur compounds and fatty acids are produced under anaerobic conditions, especially in rendering wastewater. Odors pose a community nuisance and health hazard, even at very low concentrations. Treatment Challenges: Requires air treatment systems (bio몭lters, chemical scrubbers). Wastewater must be kept aerobic to suppress odor generation. Anaerobic lagoons or poorly managed EQ tanks can lead to chronic odor issues. 5. Fecal Pathogens (e.g., E. coli, Salmonella) Why it’s di몭cult: Presence in high concentrations due to animal intestines, feces, and blood. Resistant strains may be antibiotic-tolerant. Treatment Challenges:
Requires reliable disinfection: chlorination, UV, or ozone. High turbidity and color reduce disinfection e몭ciency. UV systems need low suspended solids and high clarity—often not feasible without pre-polishing. 6. Emulsi몭ed and Colloidal Organics Why it’s di몭cult: Includes emulsi몭ed blood proteins, fats, and 몭ne particulates that escape settling. Treatment Challenges: Di몭cult to coagulate/settle without chemicals. Requires DAF with coagulants/몭occulants, increasing operating costs. If not removed early, they load biological systems heavily and increase sludge production. Moderately Challenging Parameters These are not inherently hard to treat, but become di몭cult under certain circumstances: Parameter COD TSS Color
pH
Treatment Notes High COD may include non-biodegradable organics from detergents and rendering. Advanced oxidation may be needed. Easy to remove if coarse, but becomes di몭cult when colloidal or bound with FOG/protein. From blood and organics; di몭cult to remove completely without tertiary polishing (e.g., carbon 몭ltration, advanced oxidation). Can be managed by neutralization, but rapid 몭uctuations (e.g., post-cleaning) can shock biological processes.
Easier Parameters to Treat These parameters are usually well-managed with standard treatment systems: BOD₅: Biologically degradable with activated sludge, UASB, or lagoons. Turbidity: Reduced with TSS and FOG removal. Metals (Fe, Zn): Typically low and manageable through precipitation or 몭ltration. Chlorides: Di몭cult to remove but not always regulated unless reuse is intended. Summary Table
Parameter
Treatment Di몭culty
Reason
FOG
High
Emulsi몭cation, biological inhibition
TKN & Ammonia
High
Multi-stage biological, sensitive process
Phosphorus
High
Needs chemical or advanced bio removal
Odors (H₂S, VOCs)
High
Low threshold, community sensitivity
Pathogens
Moderate–High
Requires polishing & e몭ective disinfection
Emulsi몭ed organics
High
Resists settling, increases COD/BOD load
BOD, COD
Moderate
Needs good biological design
TSS, pH
Low–Moderate
Manageable with screening & bu몭ering
Yes! I am interested
RELATED POSTS
Emerging Trends in Seawater Desalination Technology Water scarcity is a pressing issue that
The Importance and Bene몭ts of Sludge Dewatering in Sustainable Wastewater Treatment
Biological Wastewater Treatment Systems -Natural Endogenous Respiration Vessel (NERV)
a몭ects millions of people worldwide. The
Sludge dewatering is a critical wastewater
Biological Wastewater Treatment Systems
lack of access to clean and...
treatment step. It separates sludge into
Overview Due to rising population needs
read more
liquid and solid phases to minimize the...
for clean and safe water supplies,
read more
biological wastewater treatment systems...
Search…
RECENT POSTS
RECENT POSTS
Necessity for Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) Systems in Slaughterhouses, Rendering, and Abattoirs
Slaughterhouses, Rendering facilities, and Abattoirs E몭uents parameters to be treated
Slaughterhouses, Rendering, and Abattoirs’ Wastewater Treatment Plant
HOME
ABOUT US
GALLERY
BLOGS
CONTACT US
Waterman Engineers Australia is a manufacturer, exporter and supplier of water wastewater treatment plants, RO plants (Reverse Osmosis Plant), Desalination plants, E몭uent recycling Systems, Zero liquid discharge systems (ZLD System), Caustic recovery plants, Water 몭ltration systems, Drinking water plants, Arsenic removal systems for drinking and industrial water, Mineral water plant, Sewage treatment plants, Solid & Liquid waste incinerator systems, Textile Mining Pharmaceutical e몭uent treatment plants, Solar based water wastewater sewage treatment plants etc., with decades of experience in water wastewater treatment from concept to commissioning.
QUICK LINKS Reverse Osmosis Plant Water Treatment Plant Pharmaceutical Water Purifying Plant Arsenic Removal System ZLD System Per- and Poly-몭uoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Biogas Upgradation Plant Plasma Pyrolysis System Manufacturer Solid/Liquid Waste Incinerators Desalination Plants Caustic Recovery Plant Paddle Dryer / Screw Press / Filter Press
QUICK LINKS Hard Water Softeners Soft Drink Manufacturing Machine Vitamin Water Projects Fruit Juice and Beverages Machineries Solar-powered RO System Mineral Water Treatment & Packaging Plant Sewage Treatment Plant Metal Recovery From E몭uent High Energy Venturi Scrubber Heat Exchangers Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Scrubber
FOLLOW US
Mail Us :
[email protected]
Copyright © 2024, Waterman Australia., All rights reserved.
