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Distances in Space This Mini Lesson Will Cover: What units do astronomers use to measure vast distances in space? 1 Distances in Space This Mini Lesson Will Cover: What un...
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1 Distances in Space This Mini Lesson Will Cover: What units do astronomers use to measure vast distances in space? 2 Day 1: Units of Measure in Space “Are we there yet” Go to the following link and check out how vast space really is. Plug in the typical speed of a car (70 mph) or NASA’s fastest space probe, Voyager I, (39,000 mph) and see how long it would take to get to some objects in deep. http://janus.astro.umd.edu/astro/distance/ 3 Day 1: continued Obviously, distances in space are large. The Sun is 93 million miles from earth and the nearest star after that is 23 trillion miles and it only gets worse. What units do astronomers use to measure vast distances in space besides miles and kilometers? 4 Day Uno: 1) Astronomical Unit (AU) = the average distance from the Earth to the Sun. a) About 93 million miles or 150 million kilometers b) Used for measurements in our Solar System. c) The Earth is one AU from the Sun. 2) Light Year (ly) = the distance that light travels in a vacuum in one year. (HUGE) a) About 9.5 trillion km or 5.7 trillion miles b) Used to measure the distance between stars and galaxies. c) Proxima Centauri, the next closest star after the Sun, is 4.2 ly away. It takes light 4.2 years to travel that distance. d) ** Remember, Light-year is a distance, not a unit of time. 5 Day 1: How are distance measured in space. 1) Giant Meter Sticks (Just Kidding) 2) Parallax – shifting of the apparent position of a nearby star as Earth orbits the Sun. What’s that. Hold up a finger in front of you. Close one eye and then the other. See the shift. Astronomers can determine the distance to nearby stars by measuring that shift. Doesn’t work for far away objects. 6 Day 1: cont… 3) Cepheid Variables are stars that get brighter and fainter in a regular pattern. They are used to determine longer distances. (this is all you need to know.) The longer the period between two bright maximums the greater the stars absolute magnitude. The apparent magnitude can then be calculated which will give you the distance.
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