Unit 6 Graphic Organizer Standard 14 America’s evolving relationship with the world at the turn of the 20th century Standard 15 World War I Standard 16 Political, economic, and cultural developments after WWI
Spanish-American War (14A) As the United States industrialized, businesses began to look __________ overseas for raw materials and potential investment. Many additional markets, sources of _____________, naval capacity and spread Americans also believed the U.S. should build up its _____ overseas democracy _________ to overseas markets. The U.S. had long been interested in ________, which was a ________ Spanish colony. Cubans unsuccessfully rebelled against Spanish rule brutality ____ in 1895. Spain responded with great force and __________. Americans were angry at this harsh treatment of the Cubans and fearful of losses to millions investments of American _______________ in Cuba. The U.S. responded by sending the USS Maine _____________ to the shores of Cuba. In February of 1898, the __________ USS Maine DeLome Letter exploded, killing 250 U.S. sailors. That event, along with the _______________, convinced President _____________ to ask Congress to declare war against McKinley Spain ________. The Spanish-American War began on April 21, 1898.
Spanish-American War (14A) modernized The U.S. Navy had been ______________ that resulted in the creation of a two-ocean ___________ fleet. Before war was declared, Assistant Sec of Navy Theodore Philippines Roosevelt ____________ positioned ships near the _______________. The U.S. Navy Spanish fleet in the _________________. surprised and destroyed the _________ In the Philippines blockaded Cuba, trapping the _________ Spanish fleet. Caribbean, the U.S. Navy _________ black Ultimately, the U.S. Army, including 4 regiments of ________ troops and Rough Riders Roosevelt’s cavalry unit called “__________________,” defeated the Spanish Army in Cuba. The Spanish colony of _______________ Puerto Rico _____ was captured, too. Paris, 1898 Cuba The Treaty of _____________ ended the war. It granted _________ Puerto Rico Guam were ceded (given) to the U.S., and independence, ______________ and _____ Philippines the U.S. bought _____________ for $20 million. The acquisition of the Philippines _______________ was a controversial decision made by the U.S. that many objected to.
War in the Philippines (14A) Filipinos had fought against the Spanish for independence prior to the _________ ________________ War. After the U.S. Spanish-American Philippines acquisition of the _______________, that fight continued against the U.S. The Emilio Aguinaldo Filipinos were lead by ________________ guerilla and waged __________ warfare against the U.S. The war lasted for ___ 3 years and was unsuccessful. The U.S. kept the territory Philippines as a ____________ until granting them ________________ in independence 1946.
Territorial expansion/debate of American imperialism (14A) The _____________ acquisition of new territories Hawaii like _____________, the Philippines Guam and _____________, _______, Puerto Rico ________________ began an intense debate over American expansionism __________________. Many opposed it because they believed it violated principles America’s founding ___________ (Declaration of Independence). Others believed that U.S. expansion was trade important for _________, ____________________, and diplomatic power ______________________. national defense
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (14B) Roosevelt Theodore ____________ issued what became known as the Roosevelt Corollary to the ________ (usually shortened to the Roosevelt Monroe __________. Doctrine Corollary ____________). In 1902 ______________ was threatened with invasion by Great Venezeula Britain and __________ Germany because of ______ debts owed. In 1904, Roosevelt stated Europeans _______________ were not welcome in the region and the U.S. would oversee debts Latin American nations to European any collection of _________ owed by ______ __________ Big Stick countries. The Roosevelt Corollary became a key part of the “______ ______” foreign policy. Roosevelt’s _________ policy was based on the idea of “Speak softly and Monroe far Monroe carry a big stick; you will go ____.” When James _________issued the _______ Doctrine the U.S. could not back the warning up militarily. However, when Roosevelt Corollary Roosevelt issued the ___________________ the U.S. had acquired the 3rd navy largest _____________ and could enforce the warning.
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (14B)
The Panama Canal (14B) ●
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The Panama Canal, which was completed in 1914, is a canal Atlantic connecting the __________ and _________ Oceans. Pacific The reasons for the canal were a need to ___________ sailing time shorten between the ________ and west east coasts to aid in national defense. The U.S. need to protect its new holdings in the ____________. Pacific
Movement from U.S. neutrality to engagement in WWI; unrestricted submarine warfare (15A) In August of 1914, war broke out in __________ Europe between the _________ Central Powers Austria-Hungary and ____________) Germany Allied Britain (________________ and the _________ Powers (________, France Russia ________, and ___________). Americans tended to support their native lands. President __________, hoping to keep the U.S. out of WWI, issued a declaration Wilson of _____________ (the U.S. would not fight in the war). Despite neutrality, the neutrality economic U.S. viewed the war as an ___________ opportunity. It sold goods and made Allies totaled $2.25 billion; loans to loans to both sides. U.S. loans to the ______ Germany _______ totaled $27 million. To prevent war supplies from reaching began attacking belligerent (war) and neutral nations, like the U.S. This policy was called __________________________. It threatened U.S. neutrality. Famously, in May unrestricted submarine warfare Lusitania 1915, Germany sank the ______________, a British passenger ship, which killed 128 ___________ citizens. Other American ships were destroyed, as well. American
Movement from U.S. neutrality to engagement in WWI; Zimmerman Telegram (15A) Believing the U.S. would join the Allies, the German minister _____________ Zimmerman sent a telegram to ___________ asking Mexico them to join a war against the U.S. It was intercepted by ___________ and Britain shown to President __________. After Wilson publication in U.S. newspapers, public opinion overwhelmingly turned against _________. The U.S. declared war Germany against the __________ Powers in April Central 1917.
Domestic impact of WWI/Great Migration/Espionage Act/socialist Eugene Debs (15B) The domestic impact of WWI involved the creation of a series of __________ wartime factories disputes boards which oversaw production in ______________, settled labor _________, operations businesses and improved railroad ______________. Private __________were managed more closely by the ______________ during the war to ensure ______________ government domestic production met the ______________needs. To finance the war, the U.S. borrowed military Liberty Bonds from the American people by selling __________________. Another impact of population Migration the war was a shift in ___________. The Great ___________ occurred as families sought to escape _______________and _________________violence. This shift sharecropping Jim Crow defense was prompted by jobs becoming available in _____________ manufacturing as soldiers were being drafted to serve in the war. The war opened new opportunities for _____________. Approximately 1.5 million blacks moved to __________cities. Blacks northern
Espionage Act/Eugene V Debs (15B) In 1917 congress passed the Espionage Act. The spying law provided penalties for ___________, sabotage, and obstructing the ____ war effort. In 1918, Eugene Debs was _________ arrested after making war and a series of speeches against the _____ urging men not to fight. He was a prominent Socialist ___________, four time presidential candidate, and union leader. The courts convicted Debs under the ___________ Espionage Act and sentenced him to 10 years in prison.
Wilson’s Fourteen Points (15C) President Wilson’s plan for peace following the war became known as the ________________. It was designed to Fourteen Points peace create a lasting ___________ in the world. When peace negotiations for the Versailles began, Wilson Treaty of _________ hoped to get as many of these included, as possible. Some were accepted, modified some ____________, and some rejected _________. The Points included: secret treaties Freedom 1. No more ____________________ 2. ________________ of the seas 3. End Reduce International trade barriers 4. _____________ armaments 5. Fair dealings with colonies and their natives 6-13. Self-determination for European nations League of Nations 14. ________________________ to keep the peace.
Debate over U.S. entry into the League of Nations (15C) Wilson worked hard to get as many of the _____ 14 Points as possible included in the Versailles The Fourteenth Point was a proposed ___________ League of Treaty of ___________. Wilson Nations. President ______________ was particularly committed to supporting the lasting League of Nations because its goal was to help secure __________peace. After much negotiation, the League of Nations was included in the final provisions of the ________________, however the treaty had to be ratified by the U.S. Treaty of Versailles ______________, Public opposition to the League of Nations ultimately led to Senate ___________ to vote against ____________ of the treaty. ______________ in the Senate ratification Isolationists forced Senate believe that by joining the League, the U.S. would be ______________to conflicts get involve in future European _______________.
Fears of rising communism and socialism in the U.S./Red Scare and immigrant restriction (16A) Communism A new theory emerged in the mid-nineteenth century that combined ___________ and history ___________. Developed by _____________, Karl Marx economics he believed a workers’ __________ revolution would occur in which workers would share the means of production distribution _____________ and ___________. All property works is ___________ owned; each person ________ publicly and is _________ according to their ability and paid needs. Marx’s theory became known as ________________, which is a more extreme communism form of _____________. socialism
Socialism
Socialism is an economic system in which the _____________ government controls the means of ___________ production and ___________. distribution Unlike communism, socialism allows for some ___________ private property to be owned.
Fears of rising communism and socialism in the U.S./Red Scare and immigrant restriction (16A) Many violent strikes by workers seeking higher wages occurred during WWI. communists The fear of the spread Many Americans thought these were led by __________. of communism in the U.S. was heightened by Marx’s prediction of a workers capitalism communism revolution. Many saw _____________ as a danger to ___________ and democracy _____________. This fear and action to protect the U.S. from communism and socialism became known as the ________________. Mostly, Americans were Red Scare unified to protect the nation’s identity as a _________ nation. capitalist and ____________ democratic Red Scare also led to new _____________ restrictions immigrants The __________ on _____________. Limits immigrants who could enter the U.S. from each were set on the number of __________ country. This would help ensure that America could keep its traditional Catholics culture Jews _________ intact from immigrants, ___________, and ______________ who came from these communists and socialist countries.
Effects of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Amendments (16B) Prohibition 18th Amendment 1919-_________ Amendment-banned the sale, use, and alcohol in the U.S. Negative production of _______ effects were organized crime (mafia), bootleggers that profited speakeasies, and __________ from this amendment. (The 21st repeal amendment will _________ the 18th) 19th Amendment 1920-women’s suffrage Gave women the right to vote a ________. Seneca goal they had worked for since _________ Falls Convention in 1848
Mass production , advertising, and increasing consumerism, including Henry Ford (16C) The 1920s was a time of increased ___________ consumer buying. People purchased new appliances automobiles and household ______________ through financing. The automobile changed society and made the population more mobile. People could now live distances Advertising greater ___________from their jobs. _______________ cars and appliances was nation-wide radio through ______________campaigns on the __________, in magazines, and at mass produced automobile, the the __________. Henry Ford developed the first _____ movies __________. Ford used a ___________ assembly line and all elements of Model T moving production were in one location. He was able to speed up production and drive costs making the car affordable to many. Within 10 years cost went from down ______, $950 to $280, due to standardizing parts, focusing on specialization of labor, and careful _______________________. management
Images from the 20s (16C and 16E) Henry Ford’s Model T
Flappers doing “The Charleston”
Louis Armstrong
Impact of the radio and movies as a unifying force in the national culture (16D) Radio helped to create a _________ common cultural experience for thousands of Americans in the 1920s. Advertisers quickly realized the __________value of marketing radio and they began using ________to advertise radio washing such items as ___________machines, electric brand toasters, and laundry soap. Products and ______ names were becoming widespread due to the vast market radio offered. _______ businesses as studios produced 800 feature films a year. Movies became big __________ Radio and ______________ were a unifying force on __________________ movies national culture because the styles actors and actresses wore, activities they engaged in, and ________they used. products
Cultural expression of the 20s/Jazz and the Harlem Renaissance (16E) Modernist Cultural expression in the 20’s involved the ________________ movement, which was a break from Victorian culture. New works of art include impressionist, skyscrapers accelerated. abstract, and geometric art. In architecture building ____________ This period also marked the first significant artistic movement coming from Black Harlem York culture. The movement is the _____________ Renaissance, centered in New ______ DuBois Hughes City. Writers included W.E.B. ______________ and Langston ______________. jazz Hughes poetry used the rhythms of Black music, particularly blues and _______. Jazz Renaissance ________ grew out of the Harlem ______________, but it was the first true music American ___________. Jazz has elements of different genres of music and the Jazz 20s is known as the ________Age. Famous musicians include Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington.