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Issue 7590
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Volume 530 Number 7590 pp253-376
18 February 2016
THIS WEEK
COMMENT
Editorials
Comment
World View
Books and Arts
Research Highlights
Correspondence
Seven Days
Obituary
SPECIALS Technology Feature
RESEARCH News & Views Articles
NEWS IN FOCUS
CAREERS
News
Feature
Features
Q&A
Letters
Career Briefs Futures
About the cover
Previous issue
Next issue
THIS WEEK EDITORIALS
Top
Green-sky thinking Environmental agencies must go much further in regulating aircraft emissions if they want to make a real difference. Back to Earth Success against cancer need not deliver the Moon. Chow down Scientists should pay more heed to the varying effects of diet and environment on animal work.
WORLD VIEW
Top
Put innovation science at the heart of discovery The success rate of discoveries would be improved if we could find out how to innovate, argues Andrew Kusiak.
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
Top
Palaeontology: Termites had first castes Microbiology: Bacterial version of an eyeball Neuroscience: Brain circuit for loneliness Bioengineering: Exploding bubbles kill cancer cells Materials: Power from water and graphene Tissue engineering: Polymers bolster printed tissue Hydrology: Stored water slows rising seas Cancer biology: Metabolism varies within tumours Biomechanics: Cockroaches inspire robot SOCIAL SELECTION
Researchers debate whether female computer coders face bias
SEVEN DAYS
Top
The week in science: 12–18 February 2016 Philae sleeps; Karolinska vice-chancellor quits over windpipe-transplant controversy; and methane leak finally plugged.
NEWS IN FOCUS Gravitational waves: How LIGO forged the path to victory Historic discovery of ripples in space-time meant ruling out the possibility of a fake signal. Davide Castelvecchi
Young scientists poised to ride the gravitational wave Detection of ripples in space-time kicks off new era in physics. Alexandra Witze
A mouse’s house may ruin experiments Environmental factors lie behind many irreproducible rodent experiments. Sara Reardon
Biologists urged to hug a preprint ASAPbio meeting discusses the ins and outs of posting work online before peer review. Ewen Callaway & Kendall Powell
UN agency proposes greenhouse-gas standard for aircraft Plan aims to decrease carbon dioxide produced by new aeroplanes. Jeff Tollefson
New Delhi car ban yields trove of pollution data Scramble by researchers to monitor driving restrictions in Indian capital pays off. Meera Subramanian
Correction
FEATURES
Top What sparked the Cambrian explosion? An evolutionary burst 540 million years ago filled the seas with an astonishing diversity of animals. The trigger behind that revolution is finally coming into focus. Douglas Fox
The truth about exoplanets Astronomers are beginning to glimpse what exoplanets orbiting distant suns are actually like. Jeff Hecht
COMMENT Pollution: Three steps to a green shipping industry It is time to crack down on the emissions and destructive development caused by vast container vessels that pollute the air and seas, write Zheng Wan and colleagues.
BOOKS AND ARTS
Top
Physics: Radiant realms Philip Ball enjoys two explorations of light, spanning wonders from Newton's spectrum to the aurora borealis. Review of Light: A Radiant History from Creation to the Quantum Age and Aurora: In Search of the Northern Lights Bruce Watson & Melanie Windridge
Engineering: Broken bridges and highways from hell Kyle Shelton applauds a study that probes the parlous state of US infrastructure. Review of The Road Taken: The History and Future of America's Infrastructure Henry Petroski
Clarification
CORRESPONDENCE
Top
Energy: Technology alone won't save climate
India: Formalize recycling of electronic waste
Julian Allwood
Devika Kannan, Kannan Govindan & Madan Shankar
Reproducibility: International accord on open data
Invasive species: Control wildlife pathogens too
Geoffrey Boulton
Helen Roy
Nuclear waste: Weapons plutonium riskier above ground Edwin Lyman & Frank von Hippel
OBITUARY
Top
Marvin L. Minsky (1927–2016) A founding father of artificial intelligence. Patrick Henry Winston
CAREERS FEATURES
Top
Geoscience: Ups and downs Unsettled markets lead to shifting employment prospects for petroleum geoscientists. Virginia Gewin
Q&AS
Top
Turning point: Reproducibility pro A research foundation hires a specialist to improve experimental design. Monya Baker
CAREER BRIEFS
Top
Physics: Post-PhD job stability More than one-third of physics PhD graduates take permanent jobs, and that is a record high. Funding: Gender grant disparity More men than women apply for, and in some cases receive, biomedical-research funds. naturejobs job listings and advertising features
FUTURES Chrysalis Flight into danger. Andrea Kriz
SPECIALS TECHNOLOGY FEATURE
Top
DNA tags help the hunt for drugs Drug discovery is a daunting process that requires chemists to sift through millions of chemicals to find a single hit. DNA technology can dramatically speed up the search. Asher Mullard
RESEARCH NEWS & VIEWS
Top
Quantum physics: Photons paired with phonons
Anthropology: Hand of the gods in human civilization
Miles Blencowe
Dominic D. P. Johnson
See also Letter by Riedinger et al.
See also Letter by Purzycki et al.
50 & 100 Years Ago
Climate science: Ice streams waned as ice sheets shrank Jason P. Briner See also Letter by Stokes et al.
Cell biology: Form follows function for mitochondria
Developmental biology: Females have a lot of guts
Chunxin Wang & Richard Youle
Justin Fear & Brian Oliver See also Letter by Hudry et al.
Genomics: From sea to sea Susan L. Williams See also Letter by Olsen et al.
ARTICLES
Top
The peptidergic control circuit for sighing Peng Li, Wiktor A. Janczewski, Kevin Yackle, Kaiwen Kam, Silvia Pagliardini + et al.
The peptidergic neuronal circuit controlling sigh generation has been identified as ~200 Nmb- or Grp-expressing neurons in the RTN/pFRG breathing control centre of the medulla that project to ~200 receptor-expressing neurons in the respiratory rhythm generator, the preBötzinger Complex. Cryo-EM structure of the yeast U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP at 3.7 Å resolution Thi Hoang Duong Nguyen, Wojciech P. Galej, Xiao-chen Bai, Chris Oubridge, Andrew J. Newman + et al.
A 3.7Å resolution structure for the yeast U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, a complex involved in splicing, allows a better appreciation of the architecture of the tri-snRNP, and offers new functional insights into the activation of the spliceosome and the assembly of the catalytic core.
LETTERS
Top
Super-catastrophic disruption of asteroids at small perihelion distances Mikael Granvik, Alessandro Morbidelli, Robert Jedicke, Bryce Bolin, William F. Bottke + et al.
By comparing asteroid detections and a near-Earth-object model the deficit of objects near the Sun is shown to arise from the breakup of most asteroids, especially low-albedo ones, at distances of a few tens of solar radii from the Sun. Universal resilience patterns in complex networks Jianxi Gao, Baruch Barzel & Albert-László Barabási
An analytical framework is proposed for a complex network to accurately predict its dynamic resilience and unveil the network characteristics that can enhance or diminish resilience. Non-classical correlations between single photons and phonons from a mechanical oscillator Ralf Riedinger, Sungkun Hong, Richard A. Norte, Joshua A. Slater, Juying Shang + et al.
Non-classically correlated pairs of single photons and phonons are generated and read out from a nanomechanical resonator, demonstrating that such resonators could be used for light–matter quantum interfaces. See also News & Views by Blencowe
Uranium-mediated electrocatalytic dihydrogen production from water Dominik P. Halter, Frank W. Heinemann, Julien Bachmann & Karsten Meyer
Homogenous electrocatalytic water reduction with formation of dihydrogen is demonstrated with a trisaryloxide U(iii) complex, for which the catalytic cycle was elucidated and found to involve rare terminal U(iv)–OH and U(v)=O complexes. Ice stream activity scaled to ice sheet volume during Laurentide Ice Sheet deglaciation C. R. Stokes, M. Margold, C. D. Clark & L. Tarasov
Reconstruction of the activity of ice streams operating during the retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet reveals that the number of ice streams and their total discharge decreased as the total volume of the ice sheet decreased, suggesting that ice stream activity did not accelerate the collapse of the ice sheet. See also News & Views by Briner
Moralistic gods, supernatural punishment and the expansion of human sociality Benjamin Grant Purzycki, Coren Apicella, Quentin D. Atkinson, Emma Cohen, Rita Anne McNamara + et al.
Using economic games, the authors examine the role of religion in the persistence of human cooperation; individuals who claim that their gods are moralizing, punitive and knowledgeable about human affairs are more likely to play fairly towards geographically distant co-religionists. See also News & Views by Johnson
The genome of the seagrass Zostera marina reveals angiosperm adaptation to the sea OPEN
Jeanine L. Olsen, Pierre Rouzé, Bram Verhelst, Yao-Cheng Lin, Till Bayer + et al.
Whole-genome sequencing of the seagrass Zostera, representing the first marine angiosperm genome to be fully sequenced, provides insight into the evolutionary changes associated with a transition to a marine environment in this angiosperm lineage. See also News & Views by Williams
Polygenic evolution of a sugar specialization trade-off in yeast Jeremy I. Roop, Kyu Chul Chang & Rachel B. Brem
An evolutionary trade-off of unprecedented genetic complexity in the glucose/galactose utilization regulatory pathway across several long-diverged species of Saccharomyces. Visualization of a short-range Wnt gradient in the intestinal stem-cell niche Henner F. Farin, Ingrid Jordens, Mohammed H. Mosa, Onur Basak, Jeroen Korving + et al.
Generation of an epitope-tagged, functional Wnt3 knock-in allele, the signal produced by Paneth cells to regulate intestinal stem cells. The sexual identity of adult intestinal stem cells controls organ size and plasticity Bruno Hudry, Sanjay Khadayate & Irene Miguel-Aliaga
Reversible, cell-intrinsic mechanisms that depend on a new sex differentiation pathway act in adult somatic cells of the Drosophila intestine to govern sexspecific differences in organ size, plasticity during reproduction, and response to tumorigenic insults. See also News & Views by Fear & Oliver
Effector T-cell trafficking between the leptomeninges and the cerebrospinal fluid Christian Schläger, Henrike Körner, Martin Krueger, Stefano Vidoli, Michael Haberl + et al.
By investigating trafficking of autoreactive T cells into the CSF during experimental autoimmune encephalitis, the authors find that T cells enter the CSF from the leptomeninges, and that commuting between the leptomeninges and the CSF is regulated by integrin adhesive forces triggered by T-cell activation and/or chemokines. NEK7 is an essential mediator of NLRP3 activation downstream of potassium efflux Yuan He, Melody Y. Zeng, Dahai Yang, Benny Motro & Gabriel Núñez
NEK7, a member of the NIMA-related kinase family, is identified as a regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome oligomerization and activation; NEK7 functions downstream of potassium efflux in a manner that is independent of its kinase activity. Cryo-EM reveals a novel octameric integrase structure for betaretroviral intasome function Allison Ballandras-Colas, Monica Brown, Nicola J. Cook, Tamaria G. Dewdney, Borries Demeler + et al.
An unexpected octameric integrase architecture for the betaretrovirus mouse mammary tumour virus intasome. Crystal structure of the Rous sarcoma virus intasome Zhiqi Yin, Ke Shi, Surajit Banerjee, Krishan K. Pandey, Sibes Bera + et al.
A crystal structure of the octameric integrase from Rous sarcoma virus in complex with viral and target DNAs.
Nature
ISSN 0028-0836
EISSN 1476-4687
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