International Conference on Chemical, Ecology and Environmental Sciences (ICCEES'2011) Pattaya Dec. 2011
Liquid Fertilizer as a Solution to Problem of Kitchen Waste (Organic) and The Empowerment of Rural Women Saefihim. Saefihim, Milatul. Ulfa, and Deslaknyo. Hanjagi
Organic kitchen waste actually has a good potential if it processed into organic liquid fertilizer rather than waste it is only given to livestock or just thrown. Organic liquid fertilizer is expected to help the economy of villagers or just used their own farm. Remember the price of fertilizer continues to increase. In this paper will not be discussed further on a liquid fertilizer because liquid fertilizer is not a new thing for us. This paper only explains a little bit about how to create, benefits, and the picture is generally an organic liquid fertilizer. However, in this paper will discuss how the rural women (mothers) can use organic kitchen waste as a organic liquid fertilizer. This idea came when I followed the exact train mothers in the Neglasari Village, Bogor. Where the village is a village built or partners of my faculties, and state, as well as living the Faculty of Human Ecology. In this paper does not discuss about how the problems of non organic waste. However, if God so wills on the next paper will discuss the utilization of non organic waste as a creative art by mothers in the Neglasari village, Bogor.
Abstract— Kitchen waste (organic) like the rest of the fruits and the rest of the vegetables (carrots, pumpkin, mustard greens, lettuce, orange peel, banana, durian, cabbage) is not used anymore are usually ignored and thrown away. In fact, they have the benefit to be used as liquid fertilizer. Liquid fertilizer manufacturing activities is not too hard so that it can be done by anyone. With simple materials such as organic kitchen waste, liquid EM (can be found in stores of agriculture or the processing of liquid manure before), brown sugar (palm sugar), and groundwater. The tools used are very easily found such as old buckets, sacks, water faucets, and rope. The advantages of liquid fertilizer is easy, inexpensive and no side effects. The resulting benefits are very much like to fertilize crops, to maintain the stability of nutrient elements in soil and can reduce the impact of organic waste in the neighborhood. With a target of the mother-housewife who lives in the countryside as the object of training, expected to liquid fertilizer can be a means of education to increase the income of rural women. In addition to a liquid fertilizer that can be sold in the market, liquid fertilizer can be used for agricultural purposes or their own plantations. Keywords-Component; Advantages, Liquid Fertilizer, Organic, Resulting, Rural Women.
II. ENVIRONMENT
I
N Indonesia is described in Law No.23 of 1982 concerning the provisions of the Principles of Environmental Management which later became Law No.23 of 1997 regarding environmental management. The statement underlined the Law on the Environment which is a unity which all things space, power creatures including man with his behavior that affect the sustainability of the livelihoods and welfare of humans and other living things. (Soerjani, 2008). Someone would not just care about and love the environment because of their knowledge of the environment is still less. It required a system to introduce the environment such as environmental education. Environmental education is perceived and manifested as educational programs designed to increase of public awareness of environmental issues and problems. (Ko Nomura, Hendarti, 2005). In this case not only the city that does not care about the condition of the surrounding environment. However, rural communities are now start no matter the situation around them. The past village have very different now, the romance of the past villages in the paint with its natural beauty, peace and harmony of society. Now only few villages that still survive and try to keep it. Waste problems both organic and non organic
I. INTRODUCTION
T
he paradigm of the village women who can only cook and help her husband in farming is still practiced by most villagers. In book entitled “Indonesian Women is not the main breadwinner cause women’s work becomes invisible and is not considered. Another problem often seen in the village is the village community cares less about the environment in which they live. An example is in ordinary organic kitchen waste they throw or given to feed livestock.
Saefihim1 Undergraduate School of Science Communication and Community Development, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia (corresponding author to provide phone: +6285324053551 ; fax:-; e-mail:
[email protected] ). Milatul Ulfa2 Undergraduate School of Family and Consumers Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia (e-mail:
[email protected] ). Deslaknyo Wisnu Hanjagi3 Undergraduate School of Science Communication and Community Development, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia (e-mail:
[email protected]).
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International Conference on Chemical, Ecology and Environmental Sciences (ICCEES'2011) Pattaya Dec. 2011
becomes a big problem in our country both in urban and rural areas.
TABLE 1. TASK FORCE ESTIMATE OF STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN EMPLOYMENT, 1986-1998 (SOURCE: ASIAN PRODUCTIVITY ORGANIZATION, 2002)
In Neglasari village the majority of women only as housewives or farmers. Although the located is very near with the center of education but does not make them more successfully to have higher education. Every time when our group came either from division of Community Development, division of nutrition and health and division of education for children. Which is often seen are mothers with their children. If looked back about the empowerment of women, in Indonesia has so many institutions are intentional established for women. Since the Dutch colonial era, the effort to improve women’s education already. This is proved by the school of Household Huishoudschol and GOSVO-GOSVO. Since the Japanese colonial era, was renamed become Sekolah Kepandaian Putri (school of women skills) and Sekolah Guru Kepandaian Putri (school of teacher and women skills) (PKK Team 1993) (Gardiner, Wagemann, Suleeman, Sulastri 1996) But the activities that has been since long go, sometimes misses the point or in other words only specific community that can be felt from the effects of such activities. In Neglasari village before we became partners existing NGOs that to empower the surrounding community. And as we become partners in the village and then practice about liquid fertilizer. So it is not surprising when we repeating and teach them how to make and how to process of liquid fertilizer that many of them already know about that. However, their spirit and enthusiasm made all the programs that go into village running smoothly. Perhaps the attitude and the nature of the villagers (women) should be emulated by women of other villages in an effort to help reduce environmental, economic improvement and progress of each individual of them.
Fig. 1 Piles of garbage in urban areas (Source : http://www.iemka21.wordpress.com)
As a consequence of it all now people are competing to find a solution to the waste problem is resolved. Movements began to appear concerned about the environment which I think is a good step in maintaining the balance of nature. In this case learning about the EM liquid fertilizer to the rural community can get a little help in overcoming the problem of organic kitchen waste. In Neglasari Village environment is very irregular. Thought still natural, but there is garbage in everywhere. The location is little difficult to access for public transportation. Very rarely the public transportation pass trough their housing. The position of the house is very near with their farm and livestock cages. The majority of the population work as farmers. In coaching, the more visible enthusiasm and follow are the mothers with their children. They are very enthusiastic coaching at the head of household is away farming. III.
EMPOWERMENT OF RURAL WOMEN
Indonesian women familiar with mildness but active or in other word they is also hard worker. The rural women is very identical with kitchen. The rural women identical with low education. In a book with title “Education and Training of Rural Women in Asia and the Pacific” explained how rural women in some nation in Asia and Pacific included Indonesia. Table in below is an image rural women of Indonesia from job sector, like how many women work in agriculture, industry, trade and service sector? How many women work in urban or rural areas? And how many women work by formal or informal employment? In table above is explained in period 1986-1998. Women work more in agriculture sector. Meanwhile on the strength of location percentage of women work more in rural areas. Women leaning more self employed than work as laborer.
Had mentioned in the new Ministry in 2001 the Minister of women have an agenda such as: 1. The women empowerment through strategic sectors which include education, health and access to development resources. 2. The gender equality and fairness. 3. The dissemination of women’s harassment. 4. Respect for women’s dignity and human rights. 5. Strengthening the institutional capability and capacity of women’s development and activities. 363
International Conference on Chemical, Ecology and Environmental Sciences (ICCEES'2011) Pattaya Dec. 2011
(source: Asian Productivity Organization) All programs are unfortunately not yet seen the results. That a constraint on any new government program is the lack information received so that the target as if the program running in one place Ministry of Women and Child Protection affairs has been declared or made P2TP2A (Pusat Peemberdayaan Terpadu Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Anak). Integrated Service Center for Empowerment of Women and Children, and then be said to be P2TP2A is an integrated service center in a effort to empower women and children of various types of discrimination and violence including trafficking in persons, which was form by the government or community-based, and may include: referral center, business consulting center, reproductive health counseling centers, legal counseling centers, crisis center integrated (CCP), an integrated service center(PPT), the central handling of the crisis of women (women crisis center), training center, information center of science and technology (PIPTEK) a safe house(Shelter), halfway house, or any other form. (source: http://www.menegpp.go.id) Perhaps the government program is very appropriate and nice to be applied. But the problem is that not all women know about the government programs. Maybe the government should be more intensive in the extension or introduction of government programs.
IV.
Benefits of EM for Plants and Soil are: 1. Inhibit the growth of pests and plant diseases and soil. 2. Help increase the capacity of plant photosynthesis. 3. Assist the process of absorption and distribution of nutrient elements from roots to leaves. 4. Improve the quality of materials as organic fertilizer. 5. Increase the quality vegetative and generative plant growth.
TABLE 2. COMPOSITION OF ORGANIC LIQUID FERTILIZER. No . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Tools and Materials Old bucket Water faucet sack rope Organic kitchen waste Brown sugar (0.5 kg) water used washing of rice groundwater EM Liquid
Quantity 1pcs 1pcs 1pcs 1m 1/3 from bucket volume 1200 ml 1200 ml 4800 ml 600 ml
V. LIQUID FERTILIZER AS EMPOWERMENT OF RURAL WOMEN
ORGANIC LIQUID FERTILIZER
Rising prices of fertilizer in market looking for an idea to force someone else to meet the needs of the crops they planted. In addition, chemical fertilizer if used continuously can made microorganism in the soil becomes dead and causing the soil is not fertile. Utilization of organic kitchen waste as a liquid fertilizer is expected to solve these problems and can help increasing the economy by housewives in the village. In addition, they have indirectly participated in reducing the environmental problems. Empowerment of women can be done in various ways. Such training or briefing skills. In Neglasari village, mothers are taught how to utilize organic waste becomes liquid fertilizer. Fertilizer is important for farmers for the continuation of their crops in the fields. However, the increasing price of fertilizer made the farmers have to think about solutions to their plants so that grow well. Through this empowerment is expected to slightly ease the burden on the farmers could get even more revenue from this organic liquid fertilizer. Organic liquid fertilizer as very affordable. If calculated from the total expenditure to be incurred during the manufacture of organic fertilizers can be seen in the table 3. Can be seen how very affordable prices for equipment and materials should be excluded because almost all of which are used goods. And the use of EM liquid itself only at the beginning which will be replaced by a liquid fertilizer that has been finished. Meanwhile, if you look at the market then the price of fertilizer is still considered very high and sometimes burden some to small farmers.
Liquid fertilizer will be discussed in this paper is EM (Effective Microorganism) liquid fertilizer. Liquid fertilizer manufacturing activities is not too hard so that it can be done by anyone. The materials and tools is used very simple like organic kitchen waste(vegetables and fruits), water used washing of rice, brown sugar (palm sugar), groundwater (water that has not been expose to chemical such as chlorine and etc), EM liquid old buckets, water faucet, sack and rope. For making liquid fertilizer begins with making process places or container for liquid fertilizer such installation of faucet on old buckets. Than prepare the organic waste has been cut with a goal rather easily described. Then input the organic kitchen waste into sacks that previously already in stab with sharp object so that facilitate the exchange of fluids. String the bag tightly. After preparing the above steps then proceed with preparing the necessary fluids in the organic liquid fertilizer. First, prepare 0.5 kg of brown sugar and then melted with 1200 ml of water. The next step is rice water as much as 1200 ml. 600 ml of liquid EM and finally groundwater as much as 4800 ml. the next process is the mixing of all liquids. Put all the liquid into a bucket that has been provided. Mix well until all is really mixed. Then enter the suck that had already contains organic kitchen waste into bucket that already contains a liquid mixture. Bucket lid tightly. Store and dry and should not be exposed to direct sunlight. Let stand for 5 days and liquid fertilizer can be used. Which is characteristic of EM liquid fertilizer is a fertilizer that has been so liquid EM can be used as liquid fertilizer on the next. 364
International Conference on Chemical, Ecology and Environmental Sciences (ICCEES'2011) Pattaya Dec. 2011
TABLE 3. PRICES OF TOOLS AND MATERIALS TO MAKE LIQUID
VI. CONCLUSION
FERTILIZER
Tools and Materials Old bucket Water faucet Sack Rope Organic kitchen waste Brown sugar Water used washing of rice Groundwater EM Liquid
Utilization of organic kitchen waste as a liquid fertilizer is alternative solution from the prices of fertilizer in the market. In addition, by utilizing a liquid fertilizer is expected to help the family economy in the village though the rural women empowerment program. Outstanding prospects from the liquid fertilizer business is considering the increasing number of farmers who are interest in organic fertilizer. However, the most important thing is indirectly the mothers has helped government and all of us dealing with environmental issues.
Prices Rp 7000,Rp 10.000,-/kg Rp 25.000-35.000,-/1.5 liter
REFERENCES [1]
Urea prices Rp 1600 per kg, SP-36 Rp 2000 per kg, ZA Rp 1400 per kg, NPK Rp 2300 per kg. Not only are the prices continue to rise but the resulting impact if used continuously may damage soil quality. In contrast to the organic liquid fertilizer that is environmentally friendly and very safe to be safe even fertilize the soil.
[2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]
Figure 2. The process of making liquid fertilizer by mothers in Neglasari Village (Source : private photos) A high added value of organic waste that had been silenced or thrown away. Alternative solution is to provide training to rural women regarding the utilization of this organic kitchen waste. Perhaps one example is the empowerment performed in Neglasari village. A useful training for the mothers themselves, especially the farmer and their a activities is evidence of concern for the environment. In addition, if things are very numerous and garbage piled up, so the mothers can make a liquid fertilizer more with the way individuals or groups. The result are a lot of liquid fertilizer that can be sold to farmer around. Business prospect are promising considering the increasing number of farmers who are interested in and start using organic liquid fertilizer because of the benefits generated exceptional. A small step that was very meaningful. It will probably look just plain ordinary, but what is done will be impact extraordinary for who did and for the environment will be more clean. Only by providing training to mothers and continue to monitor it we have contributed to the farmers, their welfare and the environment.
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Asian Productivity Organization. Education and Training of Rural Women in Asia and The Pacific Tokyo : Japan Official Development assistance. 2002. Gardin, M. O. et.al. Perempuan Indonesia Dulu dan Kini. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama. 1996 Hadisuwito, S. Membuat Pupuk Kompos Cair.Jakarta: Agromedia Pustaka. 2008. Ministry of Women and Child Protection affair. [available online]. http://www.menegpp.go.id Nomura, Ko and Latipah Hendarwati. Environmental Education and NGOS in Indonesia. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia. 2005. Soerjani, M. Konsep Dasar Lingkungan Hidup. Jakarta: Lembaga Penerbit fakultas Ekonomi U. 2008. Figure 1 : http://www.iemka21.wordpress.com : Piles of garbage in urban areas. Figure 2 : Private Photos : The process of making liquid fertilizer by mothers in Neglasari Village.