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Swollen Joint(s)
Multi-system
JDM
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JIA subtypes JIA Subtypes
Multi-system
Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) can present at any age, with characteristic skin involvement (malar rash, heliotrope rash over the eyelids, photosensitivity, vasculitis, nail fold capillary changes), and proximal muscle weakness which can present acutely or indolently with difficulty on stairs or fatigue on walking. Presentation may also include systemic symptoms such as malaise, fever, weight loss or anorexia. Arthritis, joint contractures and myalgia, dysphagia, dysphonia, dyspnoea, calcinosis and skin ulceration and oedema may also be present. Calcinosis (painful or painless lumps or sheets under the skin) are a feature of late diagnosis or poorly controlled disease. Chronic skin disease can result in Gottron's papules over the knuckles, elbows or knees. Patients may have involvement of bulbar muscles and chest wall may result in risk of aspiration pneumonia.
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The photograph below shows characteristic heliotrope rash over the eyelid
JSLE Vasculitis
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Kawasaki Disease JDM
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Scleroderma
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Periodic Fevers
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Chronic Conditions Chromosomal
The photograph below shows characteristic malar rash (can be photosensitive)
Abnormalities Gene Disorders Osteomalacia
May 4, 2018
Management
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Early Diagnosis Makes a Difference Uveitis and Eye
The photograph shows calcinosis in JDM
Screening Medications Multidisciplinary Team
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Transitional Care
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Cases Swollen Knee (Monoarthritis) Painful Fingers with Stiffness
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Swollen Toe Fever & Arthritis Fatigue & Weakness
Learning Outcomes
May 3, 2018
The photograph below shows typical Gottron's papules over the knuckles in JDM
The photograph below shows severe joint contracture and muscle wasting from chronic JDM
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May 3, 2018
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The radiograph below shows severe calcinosis around the knee in chronic JDM
May 3, 2018
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Interstitial lung disease can occur and gut vasculitis with potential for severe morbidity and mortality. Many (1/3) patients will develop associated arthritis in the course of their disease. JDM has a broad range of severity. Unlike adult - onset DM, JDM does not tend to be associated with malignancy and routine screening for malignancy is not necessary. Diagnosis relies on clinical assessment, and if suspected then elevated serum muscle enzymes are typical. However it is important to consider inherited myopathies which can also cause elevated muscle enzymes - there may not be a family history and any unusual features warrant further investigation which may include muscle biopsy. Notably, most children with JDM do not require electromyography or a muscle biopsy except where the presentation is not typical. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the muscles helps to identify muscle involvement and monitor disease activity. MRI is now regarded as diagnostic. Muscle biopsy may show inflammation, fibre necrosis and small vessel vasculitis but is not required for diagnosis. Electromyogram (now rarely performed) shows myopathy/denervation. Treatment of JDM requires high - dose corticosteroids, often given intravenously, frequently accompanied by methotrexate, although other medication such as intravenous immunoglobulin, cyclophosphamide or anti - cytokine (biologics) agents are used in severe or refractory disease. Physical therapy input is essential to optimise outcome. Muscle strength can be
assessment using various scales (e.g CMAS- Child Muscle Assessment Scale).
May 3, 2018
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May 3, 2018
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May 3, 2018
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