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Hydronic Basics / Primary-Secondary Pumping 84,068 views Share Like Download ...
Illinois ASHRAE
Topics to Cover
- Primary – Seconda... Follow Published on Oct 14, 2010
Dan Watkins from Bornquist presents Hydronic Basics and Primary-Secondary ... Published in: Education, Technology, Business 15 Comments 50 Likes Statistics Notes
Full Name Comment goes here. 12 hours ago Delete Reply Block Are you sure you want to Yes No Your message goes here Hydronic System Basics SOURCE LOAD In a Hydronic System
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Armand Pante TDE , PROJECT ENG'R. at TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT COMPANY good day, I just wanted to have some suggestion. We have two existing chiller having 170 TR each with 3 pumps having 303 GPM @ 85ft head, Pipe header is 8 in. My question is, we need to add an extra chiller with rating of 200TR, do i need to add another pump and re-size the piping networks. thanks 3 months ago Reply Are you sure you want to Yes No Your message goes here
Hassan Akhlaq Can you share a pdf of it. Thanks 3 months ago Reply Are you sure you want to Yes No Your message goes here Hydronic System Basics SOURCE LOAD Source & Load connected by piping Frederic Harvey , Sales Engineer at Matco Ltee Good Stuff, Thanks for sharing 1 year ago Reply Are you sure you want to Yes No Your message goes here
Download eBooks , GET at http://peakebook.com/category/it-ebooks Njce! Thanks for sharing. 1 year ago Reply Are you sure you want to Yes No Your message goes here
Marshall Seymore, PE, PMP , Analyst III, Branch Operations Facility Management at Navy Federal Credit Union The presentation covered all primary-secondary chilled water pumping systems but one. Why did the presentation not cover a variable primary-variable secondary pumping system? 2 years ago Reply Are you sure you want to Yes No Your message goes here Show More Hydronic System Basics SOURCE LOAD Fluid is circulated by a pump
Maher el-sayyed , Project Manager at sayyedco. at sayyedco. 1 month ago
Vignesh Balu , Master of Technology (M.Tech.) at SRM University at SrinSoft Technologies 2 months ago
Naingwin Aung 3 months ago
irfan shabbir , Technical Consultant at ABS Consulting at Technical Consultant 4 months ago Hydronic System Basics - Could it really be this simple?
- What about different system types?
... Nikhil 054 , project engineer at reacon engineers at reacon engineers 4 months ago Show More No Downloads Views Total views 84,068 On SlideShare 0 From Embeds 0 Number of Embeds 494 Actions Shares 0 Downloads 3,537 Comments 15 Likes 50 Hydronic System Basics - To size a pump you need to know required flow rate for the system and piping pressure drop... Embeds 0 No embeds No notes for slide
16 16 16 16 22 22 22 Hydronic System Basics Let’s design a simple system together! Boiler 200,000 BTUh AHU Coil 20 GPM Boiler = 5’ TDH AHU = 1...
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Hydronic System Basics Let’s design a simple system together! Rule of Thumb… Length x 1.5 to account for elbows and fitti...
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Hydronic System Basics Let’s design a simple system together! Boiler 200,000 BTUh AHU Coil 20 GPM Boiler = 5’ TDH AHU = 1...
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Hydronic Basics / Primary-Secondary Pumping 1. 1. Hydronic System Piping Design Presented by: Dan Watkins, LEED AP Bornquist, Inc. Hydronic System Basics 2. 2. Topics to Cover - Variable Flow / Variable Speed Systems
3. 3. Hydronic System Basics SOURCE LOAD In a Hydronic System 4. 4. Hydronic System Basics SOURCE LOAD Source & Load connected by piping 5. 5. Hydronic System Basics SOURCE LOAD Fluid is circulated by a pump 6. 6. Hydronic System Basics - Could it really be this simple?
- What about different system types?
- What about multiple zones?
- Let’s start with how to size a pump.
7. 7. Hydronic System Basics - To size a pump you need to know required flow rate for the system and piping pressure drop.
- Flow rate is based on amount of heat to be transferred.
- ΔT is the temperature drop desired in the system.
- BTUh is the amount of heat to be transferred.
- Pressure drop is based on the flow rate through a given piping system.
8. 8. Hydronic System Basics Let’s design a simple system together! Boiler 200,000 BTUh AHU Coil 20 GPM Boiler = 5’ TDH AHU = 10’ TDH Piping = ??? 9. 9. Hydronic System Basics Let’s design a simple system together! Rule of Thumb… Length x 1.5 to account for elbows and fittings. 2.94’ per 100’ of piping 100’ x 1.5 = 150’ 1.5 x 2.94’ = 4.41’ TDH 10. 10. Hydronic System Basics Let’s design a simple system together! Boiler 200,000 BTUh AHU Coil 20 GPM Boiler = 5’ TDH AHU = 10’ TDH Piping = 4.41’ TDH System Capacity: 20 GPM @ 19.41’ 11. 11. Hydronic System Basics 12. 12. Hydronic System Basics GPM 2 GPM 1 HEAD 2 RPM 2 RPM 1 HEAD 1 HP 2 HP 1 RPM 2 RPM 1 RPM 2 RPM 1 HP 2 HP 1 GPM 2 GPM 1 GPM 2 GPM 1 HEAD 2 HEAD 1 Affinity Laws 2 2 3 3 = = = = = 13. 13. Hydronic System Basics - Point of No Pressure Change – Expansion Tank Location
14. 14. Hydronic System Basics - Expansion Tank at Suction of Pump - Correct
15. 15. Hydronic System Basics - Expansion Tank at Discharge of Pump - INCORRECT
16. 16. Hydronic System Basics NPSHA & NPSHR P NPSHA P B Foot Check - (FC) h L Strainer - (S) P P P NPSHA = (+P B ) + (-FC) + (-h L ) + (-P P ) + (-S) Pipe Pressure Drop 17. 17. Hydronic System Basics P NPSHA P B Foot Check - (FC) 10’ Strainer - (S) 8’ P NPSHA = (+P B ) + (-FC) + (-h L ) + (-P P ) + (-S) Pipe Pressure Drop P B - 14.7 PSI (34’) P NPSHA = (+34) + (-4) + (-10) + (-8) + (-3) P NPSHA = 9’ NPSHA & NPSHR - Suction Lift Hydronic System Basics GPM 2 GPM 1 HEAD 2 RPM 2 RPM 1 HEAD 1 HP 2 HP 1 RPM 2 RPM 1 RPM 2 RPM 1 HP 2 HP 1 GPM 2 GPM 1 GPM ... 18. 18. Hydronic System Basics NPSHA & NPSHR - Flooded Suction P NPSHA 8’ Pipe Pressure Drop P B - 14.7 PSI (34’) Strainer - (S) 10’ P B P NPSHA = (+P B ) + (-FC) + (-h L ) + (-P P ) + (-S) P NPSHA = (+34) + (-4) + (+10) + (-8) + (-3) P NPSHA = 29’ 19. 19. Total system HEAD & FLOW requirements through two parallel pumps Total System Head 1/2 Total Flow 1/2 Total Flow Hydronic System Basics Parallel Pumps 20. 20. Two pumps in operation Each pump Head (ft) Flow (gpm) Hydronic System Basics Parallel Pumps 21. 21. Total system HEAD & FLOW requirements through two series pumps Total System Flow 1/2 Total Head 1/2 Total Head Hydronic System Basics Series Pumps 22. 22. Hydronic System Design Flow (gpm) Two pumps in operation Each pump Head (ft) Series Pumps 23. 23. Hydronic System Types 24. 24. Hydronic System Types Closed Loop System 25. 25. Hydronic System Types Direct Return System 26. 26. Hydronic System Types Reverse Return System 27. 27. Primary – Secondary Piping - Primary – Secondary Pumping: Was developed by Bell & Gossett in 1954 as a method to increase system temperature drops, decrease total pump Horse Power and increase system controllability. Systems utilizing low or medium temperatures were allowed due to Primary – Secondary pumping. Most modern systems utilize some variation of Primary – Secondary pumps.
28. 28. Primary – Secondary Piping - “ Common Piping” interconnects the Primary to the Secondary Circuit
- “ Common Piping” should have minimal to no pressure drop to be designed correctly
- Hydraulically disconnects the two piping loops
- Flow in one loop will not cause flow in the other loop
29. 29. Primary – Secondary Piping Basic Example 30. 30. Primary – Secondary Piping Flow in the Common Pipe 31. 31. Primary – Secondary Piping Finite Analysis of Common Piping Primary Return Secondary Return Secondary Supply Primary Supply 32. 32. Primary – Secondary Piping Law of the Tees 33. 33. Primary – Secondary Piping - Secondary pipe pump sized for pressure drops A-B, B-C, C-D, D-E, E-G, G-H, H-I
- I-A should have no pressure drop.
34. 34. Primary – Secondary Piping Cross-over Bridge Piping - Underslung Hydronic System Basics - Point of No Pressure Change – Expansion Tank Location
35. 35. Primary – Secondary Piping Cross-over Bridge Piping - Overhead 36. 36. Primary – Secondary Piping Correct Pump Location 37. 37. Primary – Secondary Piping INCORRECT Pump Location 38. 38. Primary – Secondary Piping What is the Flow Rate in the Common Pipe? 39. 39. Primary – Secondary Piping What is the Flow Rate in the Common Pipe? 40. 40. Primary – Secondary Piping Injection Pump Systems 41. 41. Primary – Secondary Piping 3-Way Valve Systems 42. 42. Primary – Secondary Piping 2-Way Valve Systems 43. 43. Primary – Secondary Piping Fixed Temperature Control 44. 44. Primary – Secondary Piping Modulating Temperature Control 45. 45. Primary – Secondary Piping Modulating Temperature Control 46. 46. Variable Flow / Variable Speed 47. 47. Variable Flow Systems - Constant Speed / Variable Volume
- Variable Speed / Variable Volume
- Uses VFDs to reduce pump speed
48. 48. Variable Flow Systems Constant Flow System 49. 49. Variable Flow Systems Constant Speed - Variable Flow System 50. 50. Variable Flow Systems Variable Volume System HP 51. 51. Variable Flow Systems - Variable Speed gives reduced HP
- Variable Speed allows for easy pump balancing
- Variable Speed also acts as a soft starter
- Variable Speed drives are getting less costly
- Variable Speed is not a mystery anymore
52. 52. Hydronic System Basics GPM 2 GPM 1 HEAD 2 RPM 2 RPM 1 HEAD 1 HP 2 HP 1 RPM 2 RPM 1 RPM 2 RPM 1 HP 2 HP 1 GPM 2 GPM 1 GPM 2 GPM 1 HEAD 2 HEAD 1 Affinity Laws 2 2 3 3 = = = = = 53. 53. Variable Flow Systems 12.5HP 1800 RPM 1.6HP 950 RPM HP 2 12.5 = 900 1800 3 HP 1 = 1.6 HP 54. 54. Variable Flow Systems Hydronic System Basics - Expansion Tank at Suction of Pump - Correct
55. 55. Variable Flow Systems 56. 56. Variable Flow Systems SOURCE SOURCE System Criteria 2 - 100 Ton Chillers 2 - 300 GPM @ 100’ Pumps Pumps 2 - 20HP No Standby System Pressure Drop Total of 75’ P Chiller Pressure Drop Total of 25’ P TOTAL INSTALLED HP - 40 HP LIMITED VARIABLE VOLUME - 30% MAX HP REDUCTION 57. 57. Variable Flow Systems SOURCE SOURCE System Criteria 2 - 100 Ton Chillers 2 - 300 GPM @ 25’ Pumps 2 - 300 GPM @ 80’ Pumps Primary Pumps 2 - 3HP Secondary Pressure Drop Total of 80’ P Primary Pressure Drop Total of 25’ P Secondary Pumps 2 - 10 HP Running Standby TOTAL INSTALLED HP - 26 HP 2 - 10 HP VFDs w/ STAGING REQ’D 58. 58. Variable Flow Systems DP Sensor Location – Sensor Across Coil Typical Setting Equals Design Pressure Drop Across the Coil, Control Valve, and Circuit Setter. Coil 10 - 15’ P.D. Control Valve 10 - 15’ P.D. Typical Total P.D. 20 -30’ 59. 59. Variable Flow Systems DP Sensor Location – INCORRECT 60. 60. Variable Flow Systems DP Sensor Location – INCORRECT 61. 61. Variable Flow Systems DP Sensor Location – Correct 62. 62. Variable Flow Systems DP Sensor Location – Correct 63. 63. System Examples Chilled Water – Direct Return with Variable Speed 64. 64. System Examples Chilled Water – Reverse Return with Variable Speed 65. 65. System Examples Boiler Water – Direct Return with Variable Speed 66. 66. System Examples Boiler Water – Reverse Return with Variable Speed 67. 67. System Examples Primary – Secondary - Tertiary 68. 68. System Examples Primary – Secondary Zone Pumping 69. 69. System Examples Campus / District – Primary – Secondary - Tertiary 70. 70. Special System Piping 71. 71. Chilled Water Piping Examples 72. 72. Tenant Use Pumps Tower Condenser Tenant Unit Tenant Unit Main Building Chiller 73. 73. Tenant Use Pumps PDt Main Building Chiller Hst Ht PDrp PDsp PDs PDpt PDc PDt - Tower Pressure Drop PDsp - Suction Pipe Pressure Drop PDs - Strainer Pressure Drop PDpt - Pump Trim Pressure Drop PDc - Condenser Pressure Drop PDrp - Return Pipe Pressure Drop Ht - Tower Height - Static Lift Hst - Building Static Height Condenser Hydronic System Basics - Expansion Tank at Discharge of Pump - INCORRECT
74. 74. Tenant Use Pumps PDt - 15’ Main Building Chiller Hst - 100’ Ht - 10’ PDrp - 8’ PDsp - 8’ PDs - 3’ PDpt - 6’ PDc - 25’ ONLY STATIC PRESSURE SEEN AT PRESSURE GAUGE ON SUCTION OF PUMP P1 - 43 PSI Pump OFF Condenser P1 P2 75. 75. Tenant Use Pumps PDt - 15’ Main Building Chiller Hst - 100’ Ht - 10’ PDrp - 8’ PDsp - 8’ PDs - 3’ PDpt - 6’ PDc - 25’ SUCTION SIDE OF PUMP - STATIC PRESSURE MINUS PDsp. AND MINUS PDs P1 >> 100’ - 8’ - 3’ = 38.5 PSI DISCHARGE SIDE OF PUMP - SUCTION PRESSURE PLUS PUMP HEAD (75’) P2 >> 38.5 PSI + 75’ = 71 PSI Pump On Pump Head = PDsp + PDs + PDpt + PDc + PDrp + Ht + PDt Condenser P1 P2 76. 76. Tenant Use Pumps PDt Main Building Chiller Hst Ht PDrpa PDspa PDs PDpt PDc Ht - Tower Height - Static Lift Hst - Building Static Height PDspb PDrpb Hsta Hstb PDtenant PDt - Tower Pressure Drop PDspa - Suction Pipe Pressure Drop a Length PDspb - Suction Pipe Pressure Drop b Length PDs - Strainer Pressure Drop PDpt - Pump Trim Pressure Drop PDc - Condenser Pressure Drop PDrpa - Return Pipe Pressure Drop a Length PDrp b- Return Pipe Pressure Drop b Length Pdtenant - Tenant Loop Total Pressure Drop Condenser Tenant Unit 77. 77. Tenant Use Pumps PDt - 15’ Main Building Chiller Hst - 100’ Ht - 10’ Pdrpa - 6’ Pdspa - 6’ PDs - 3’ PDpt - 6’ PDc - 25’ PDspb - 2’ PDrpb - 2’ Hsta - 80’ Hstb - 20’ Pdtenant 25’ Tenant Pump Off - Main Pump On P3 - STATIC PRESSURE A MINUS PDspa. P3 >> 80’ - 6’ = 32 PSI P4 - DISCHARGE SIDE OF PUMP - SUCTION PRESSURE PLUS PUMP HEAD (75’) MINUS PRESSURE DROPS P4 >> 71PSI - 6’ - 25’ - 20’ - 2’ = 48PSI Difference P3 - P4 = 16 PSI (37’) Condenser Tenant Unit P3 P4 78. 78. Tenant Use Pumps PDt - 15’ Main Building Chiller Hst - 100’ Ht - 10’ Pdrpa - 6’ Pdspa - 6’ PDs - 3’ PDpt - 6’ PDc - 25’ PDspb - 2’ PDrpb - 2’ Hsta - 80’ Hstb - 20’ Pdtenant 25’ - Tenant Unit Pressure Drop
Tennant Pump Head = Pdtenant + 37’ = 25’ + 37’ = 62’ Condenser Tenant Unit P3 P4 79. 79. Tenant Use Pumps Tenant Use Pumps Must be with the rest of the condenser water pumping system in mind. Never size a tenant use system, for only the tenant loop pressure drop. Typical Pump Size 15 GPM @ 100’ TDH Tower Condenser Tenant Unit Tenant Unit Main Building Chiller 80. 80. Chiller Water Piping Examples 81. 81. Chiller Water Piping Examples 82. 82. Chiller Water Piping Examples 83. 83. Chiller Water Piping Examples 84. 84. Chiller Water Piping Examples 85. 85. Chiller Water Piping Examples Hydronic System Basics NPSHA & NPSHR P NPSHA P B Foot Check - (FC) h L Strainer - (S) P P P NPSHA = (+P B ) + (-FC) + (-... 86. 86. Chiller Water Piping Examples 87. 87. Boiler Piping Examples 88. 88. Boiler Piping Examples 89. 89. Boiler Piping Examples 90. 90. Boiler Piping Examples 91. 91. Boiler Piping Examples 92. 92. Boiler Piping Examples 93. 93. Boiler Piping Examples 94. 94. Boiler Piping Examples 95. 95. Boiler Piping Examples 96. 96. Boiler Piping Examples 97. 97. Boiler Piping Examples 98. 99. Hybrid Boiler System 99. 100. Boiler Piping Examples 100. 101. Conclusions - Hydronic Systems require a lot of considerations.
- Primary – Secondary is only one of many ways to design, but is still a widely used design strategy.
- Variable – Primary systems can work, but need special considerations to prevent equipment problems.
- Variable Flow / Variable Speed systems have become the standard, but also require special considerations.
- System piping must be designed to satisfy the requirements of the building and installed equipment. No “One-Size-Fits-All” Solution.
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Primary – Secondary Piping Flow in the Common Pipe
Primary – Secondary Piping Finite Analysis of Common Piping Primary Return Secondary Return Secondary Supply Primary Supply
Primary – Secondary Piping Law of the Tees
Primary – Secondary Piping - Secondary pipe pump sized for pressure drops A-B, B-C, C-D, D-E, E-G, G-H, H-I
Primary – Secondary Piping Cross-over Bridge Piping - Underslung
Primary – Secondary Piping Cross-over Bridge Piping - Overhead
Primary – Secondary Piping Correct Pump Location
Primary – Secondary Piping INCORRECT Pump Location
Primary – Secondary Piping What is the Flow Rate in the Common Pipe?
Primary – Secondary Piping What is the Flow Rate in the Common Pipe?
Primary – Secondary Piping Injection Pump Systems
Primary – Secondary Piping 3-Way Valve Systems
Primary – Secondary Piping 2-Way Valve Systems
Primary – Secondary Piping Fixed Temperature Control
Primary – Secondary Piping Modulating Temperature Control
Primary – Secondary Piping Modulating Temperature Control
Variable Flow / Variable Speed
Variable Flow Systems - Constant Speed / Variable Volume
...
Variable Flow Systems Constant Flow System
Variable Flow Systems Constant Speed - Variable Flow System
Variable Flow Systems Variable Volume System HP
Variable Flow Systems - Variable Speed gives reduced HP
- Variable Speed allows for easy pump balanc...
Hydronic System Basics GPM 2 GPM 1 HEAD 2 RPM 2 RPM 1 HEAD 1 HP 2 HP 1 RPM 2 RPM 1 RPM 2 RPM 1 HP 2 HP 1 GPM 2 GPM 1 GPM ...
Variable Flow Systems 12.5HP 1800 RPM 1.6HP 950 RPM HP 2 12.5 = 900 1800 3 HP 1 = 1.6 HP
Variable Flow Systems
Variable Flow Systems
Variable Flow Systems SOURCE SOURCE System Criteria 2 - 100 Ton Chillers 2 - 300 GPM @ 100’ Pumps Pumps 2 - 20HP No Standb...
Variable Flow Systems SOURCE SOURCE System Criteria 2 - 100 Ton Chillers 2 - 300 GPM @ 25’ Pumps 2 - 300 GPM @ 80’ Pumps P...
Variable Flow Systems DP Sensor Location – Sensor Across Coil Typical Setting Equals Design Pressure Drop Across the Coil,...
Variable Flow Systems DP Sensor Location – INCORRECT
Variable Flow Systems DP Sensor Location – INCORRECT
Variable Flow Systems DP Sensor Location – Correct
Variable Flow Systems DP Sensor Location – Correct
System Examples Chilled Water – Direct Return with Variable Speed
System Examples Chilled Water – Reverse Return with Variable Speed
System Examples Boiler Water – Direct Return with Variable Speed
System Examples Boiler Water – Reverse Return with Variable Speed
System Examples Primary – Secondary - Tertiary
System Examples Primary – Secondary Zone Pumping
System Examples Campus / District – Primary – Secondary - Tertiary
Special System Piping
Chilled Water Piping Examples
Tenant Use Pumps Tower Condenser Tenant Unit Tenant Unit Main Building Chiller
Tenant Use Pumps PDt Main Building Chiller Hst Ht PDrp PDsp PDs PDpt PDc PDt - Tower Pressure Drop PDsp - Suction Pipe Pre...
Tenant Use Pumps PDt - 15’ Main Building Chiller Hst - 100’ Ht - 10’ PDrp - 8’ PDsp - 8’ PDs - 3’ PDpt - 6’ PDc - 25’ ONLY...
Tenant Use Pumps PDt - 15’ Main Building Chiller Hst - 100’ Ht - 10’ PDrp - 8’ PDsp - 8’ PDs - 3’ PDpt - 6’ PDc - 25’ SUCT...
Tenant Use Pumps PDt Main Building Chiller Hst Ht PDrpa PDspa PDs PDpt PDc Ht - Tower Height - Static Lift Hst - Building ...
Tenant Use Pumps PDt - 15’ Main Building Chiller Hst - 100’ Ht - 10’ Pdrpa - 6’ Pdspa - 6’ PDs - 3’ PDpt - 6’ PDc - 25’ PD...
Tenant Use Pumps PDt - 15’ Main Building Chiller Hst - 100’ Ht - 10’ Pdrpa - 6’ Pdspa - 6’ PDs - 3’ PDpt - 6’ PDc - 25’ PD...
Tenant Use Pumps Tenant Use Pumps Must be with the rest of the condenser water pumping system in mind. Never size a tenan...
Chiller Water Piping Examples
Chiller Water Piping Examples
Chiller Water Piping Examples
Chiller Water Piping Examples
Chiller Water Piping Examples
Chiller Water Piping Examples
Chiller Water Piping Examples
Boiler Piping Examples
Boiler Piping Examples
Boiler Piping Examples
Boiler Piping Examples
Boiler Piping Examples
Boiler Piping Examples
Boiler Piping Examples
Boiler Piping Examples
Boiler Piping Examples
Boiler Piping Examples
Boiler Piping Examples
Hybrid Boiler System
Boiler Piping Examples
Conclusions - Hydronic Systems require a lot of considerations.
- Primary – Secondary is only one of...
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