GARDEN CATALOGS LIST, Version 13 This list is a copyrighted publication. It was compiled with the participation of the Internet group Gardens. It may be freely printed, copied or redistributed as long as it is copied in its entirety with all headers, trailers, credits, and other identifying information completely intact. New addresses, changes, corrections, questions and comments should be directed to the compiler of the list Cyndi Johnson All ratings are the opinions of various Gardens members. For problems or comments with the WEB server http://www.cog.brown.edu/gardening/, contact John Mertus. This list is also available via anonymous ftp at jam.cog.brown.edu under pub/gardening. No claims are made as to the accuracy of any of this information. Suggest you call or write before sending money to a source. No warranties are made about the firms listed. Format: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Name (of company) Address Phone Brief Description/Comments including shipping info if available Quality Rating: Poor, Fair, Average, Good, Excellent Prices: $(Cheap) $$(Average) $$$(Expensive) $$$$(Exorbitant) Service Rating: Poor, Fair, Average, Good, Excellent Varieties Offered: Poor, Fair, Average, Good, Excellent
Alphabetical list of catalog lists 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36.
Aquatic Gardens Bamboo Bonsai Specialists Bromeliads Bulbs Cacti and Succulents Canadian Companies Clematis Daylily Specialists Ferns Fruit Trees and Berries General Gardening Grasses Heirloom Seeds Herbs Houseplants Iris Specialists Lilies Miscellaneous Mushrooms Natives Orchids Organic Ornamental Plant/Seed Palms Peonies Perennials Rare Plant Specialists Rhododendrons and Azaleas Roses Tomatoes, Peppers, and Potatoes Garden Supplies and Equipment Wholesale Suppliers Wildflowers WWW Gardening Catalog Index Catalog of all Catalogs
Download alphabetical list of all catalogs. CATALOG OF ALL CATALOGS INDEX GARDEN CATALOGS LIST, VERSION 13 This list is a copyrighted publication. It was compiled with the participation of the Internet group Gardens. It may be freely printed, copied or redistributed as long as it is copied in its entirety with all headers, trailers, credits, and other identifying information completely intact. New addresses, changes, corrections, questions and comments should be directed to the compiler of the list Cyndi Johnson All ratings are the opinions of various Gardens members. For problems or comments with the WEB server http://www.cog.brown.edu/gardening/, contact John Mertus. This list is also available via anonymous ftp at jam.cog.brown.edu under pub/gardening. No claims are made as to the accuracy of any of this information. Suggest you call or write before sending money to a source. No warranties are made about the firms listed. Format: 1. Name (of company) 2. Address 3. Phone 4. Brief Description/Comments including shipping info if available 5. Quality Rating: Poor, Fair, Average, Good, Excellent 6. Prices: $(Cheap) $$(Average) $$$(Expensive) $$$$(Exorbitant) 7. Service Rating: Poor, Fair, Average, Good, Excellent 8. Varieties Offered: Poor, Fair, Average, Good, Excellent _________________________________________________________________ 1. A & D Peony And Perennial Farm 2. A & P Orchids 3. Abbey C&s Nursery 4. Abbey Garden Cactus 5. Abbott Ipco 6. Abundant Life Seed Foundation 7. Adamgrove 8. Adr Bulbs 9. Agua Fria Nursery Inc 10. Aimers 11. Aitken's Salmon Creek Garden 12. Alannah's African Violets 13. Alberta Nurseries And Seeds Ltd 14. Alberts & Merkel Bros Inc. 15. Ken Allan 16. Allen Plant Company 17. Allen, Sterling & Lothrop 18. Aloha Tropicals 19. Alpen Gardens 20. Alpine Valley Gardens 21. Alpine World Gardens 22. Alplains 23. Amanda's Garden 24. Amaryllis Incorporated 25. Ambergate Gardens 26. Amenity Plant Products 27. Ameri-hort Research 28. American Bamboo Co. 29. American Daylily And Perennials 30. Anderson Iris Gardens 31. Angelwood Nursery 32. Antique Rose Emporium 33. Anything Grows Greenhouse 34. Apacha Cactus 35. Appalachian Gardens 36. Applesource 37. Aquatics & Exotics 38. Arbor & Espalier 39. Arbour Recycled Products 40. Jim & Jenny Archibald 41. The Aril Patch 42. Armstrong Roses 43. Arrowhead Alpines 44. Art Intensity Corp. 45. Atlantic Hydroponics & Greenhouses 46. Austraflora Of Utah 47. Avatar's World 48. Avid Gardener 49. Aztekakti Nursery 50. B & D Lilies 51. B&t Associates 52. Bailey's 53. Bakker Of Holland 54. Bamert Seed Co. 55. Bamboo Shoot 56. Bamboo Sourcery 57. The Banana Tree 58. Barbour Bros Inc. (the Growing Place) 59. Vernon Barnes And Son Nursery 60. Bay View Gardens 61. Bdk Nursery 62. The Beall Orchid Co, 63. Beans And Beyond 64. Bear Creek Nursery 65. Beaver Creek Nursery 66. Becker's Seed Potatoes 67. Beersheeba Wildflower Garden 68. Belche Herb Co. 69. Berry Hill Ltd 70. Better Yield Insects 71. Big Sky Violets 72. Myron Bigger 73. Bird Rock Tropicals 74. Bishop Seeds Ltd 75. Blanchette Gardens 76. Bloomingfields Farm 77. Blossoms & Bloomers 78. Blue Dahlia Gardens 79. Blue Star Lab 80. Bluebell Lilies 81. Blueberry Hill 82. Kurt Bluemel, Inc. 83. Bluestone Perennials 84. Bob's 85. Bonnie Brae Gardens 86. Bonsai Farm 87. Bonsai Shop 88. Boordy Nursery 89. Borbeleta Gardens 90. Botanika 91. Boughen Nurseries Valley River Ltd 92. Bountiful Gardens 93. Bozeman Bio-tech 94. Brand Peony Farm 95. Braztropic 96. Breck's 97. Bressingham Gardens 98. Bridges Roses 99. Bristol Mums Inc. 100. Brite Lite 101. Brittingham Plant Farms 102. Brookfield Nursery And Tree Plantation 103. Brooks Tree Farm 104. Brown's Omaha Plant Farms Inc 105. John Brudy Exotics 106. Brudy's Tropical Exotics 107. Burnt Ridge Nursery 108. Buckley Nursery 109. Buell's Greenhouses 110. The Bulb Crate 111. Bumper Crop Garden Centre 112. Burgess Seed And Plant Co. 113. W. Atlee Burpee & Co. 114. D.v. Burrell Seed Growers Co. 115. Burt Associates Bamboo 116. George C. Bush, Clean Shaven Iris 117. Busse Gardens 118. Butchart Gardens 119. Leonard Butt 120. Butterbrook Farm 121. C 'n C Protea Nursery 122. Ca Cruickshank, Inc 123. Cactus By Dodie 124. Cactus By Mueller 125. Cal Dixie Iris Gardens 126. Caladium World 127. Calahan Seeds 128. California Carnivores 129. California Nursery Co. 130. Camelot North Greenhouses 131. Campanula Connoisseur 132. Campberry Farm, C/o R.d. Campbell 133. Canyon Creek Nursery 134. Cape Cod Violetry 135. Caprice Farm Nursery 136. Caprilands Herb Farm 137. Cardinal Nursery 138. Carino Nurseries 139. Carlson's Gardens 140. Carlton Rose Nurseries 141. Carncairn Daffodils, Ltd. 142. Carroll Gardens 143. Carter Seeds 144. Carter And Holmes 145. Cascade Daffodils 146. Cascade Forestry Service 147. Cattail Meadows, Ltd. 148. Cedar Ridge Nurseries 149. Chambers Nursery 150. Chamblee's Rose Nursery 151. Chuck Chapman Iris 152. Cherokee Rose 153. Chestnut Hill Nursery Inc. 154. Chiltern Seeds 155. Clargreen Gardens 156. Clifford's Perennial & Vine 157. Coastal Gardens And Nursery 158. Coda Gardens, , 159. Cold Stream Farm 160. Colvos Creek Nursery 161. Comanche Acres Iris Gardens 162. Companion Plants 163. The Compleat Garden 164. Comstock, Ferre & Co. 165. Connell's 166. The Conservancy 167. Contemporary Gardens Of Perry Dyer 168. The Cook's Garden 169. Cook's Geranium Nursery 170. Cooley's Garden Center 171. Cooley's Gardens 172. Cooper's Garden 173. Copacabana Gardens 174. Corn Hill Nursery 175. Cornelison Bromeliads 176. The Country Garden 177. Country Green 178. Country Green 179. Country Lane Herbs 180. Floyd Cove Nursery 181. Creole Orchids 182. Crescent Nursery 183. Cricklewood Nursery 184. Crista's Cactus 185. Crockett's Tropical Plants 186. Crosman Seed Corp. 187. Cumberland Valley Nurseries Inc 188. The Cummins Garden 189. C.w.s. Roses 190. Cycad Gardens 191. Dacha Barinka 192. Daffodil Mart 193. Dahlias By Phil Traff 194. Dahlias Galore 195. Daisy Fields 196. Dallas Bonsai Garden 197. William Dam Seeds Ltd 198. Dan's Garden Shop 199. The Dane Company 200. Davidson-wilson Greenhouses 201. Mr David Day, Goose Creek Nursery 202. Daylily Discounters International 203. Daylily Farms 204. Daylily World 205. Deep Diversity Catalog, Aka Peace Seeds And Seeds Of Change 206. Degroot Inc. 207. Peter De Jager Bulb Co. 208. Del's Japanese Maples 209. Desert Moon Nursery 210. Desert Nursery 211. Desert Theatre 212. Designart Jardins 213. Diggers 214. Digging Dog Nursery 215. Howard Dill 216. Dixondale Farms 217. Dominion Seed House 218. Dooley Gardens 219. Doroco Seeds 220. Double D-lite Gardens 221. Draper Seed Distributor ($1 Cat) 222. Draycott Gardens 223. Dripworks 224. Dutch Gardens Inc 225. Early Bird Ecology & Bait Farms Inc. 226. Early's Farm And Garden Centre Inc. 227. Eastern Plant Specialties 228. Eastville Plantation 229. Eclipse Farms 230. Ecogenesis 231. Edgewood Farm Nursery 232. Edible Landscaping 233. Edmund's Roses 234. Enchanted Valley Gardens 235. Endangered Species 236. Englerth Gardens 237. Ensata Gardens 238. The Environmental Collaborative 239. Enviroscapes 240. Epi World 241. Ericacaea 242. Erikson's Daylily Gardens 243. Evergreen Y.h. Enterprises 244. Exotica Rare Fruit Nursery 245. Exotica Seed Co. 246. Exotics Hawaii, Ltd. 247. Fairweather Gardens 248. Fairyland Begonia And Lily Garden 249. Fancy Fronds 250. Fancy Hibiscus 251. Fantasy Farms Nursery 252. Far North Gardens 253. Far West Fungi 254. Fedco Seeds 255. Ferncliff Gardens 256. T. D. Field Ferns & Wildflowers 257. Fieldstone Gardens, Inc. 258. Filaree Farm 259. Fischer Greenhouses 260. Fish Lake Garlic Man 261. Phyllis Flechsig Cacti & Succulent 262. Fleur D'eau Inc. 263. Floribunda Palms 264. Flower Scent Gardens 265. Flowerplace Plant Farm 266. Flowers & Friends Miniature Roses 267. Flowertown Bonsai 268. The Flowery Branch 269. Foliage Gardens 270. Forestfarm 271. Forestlake Gardens 272. Forevergreen Farm 273. Four Seasons Nursery 274. Fox Hill Nursery 275. Fox Hollow Herb & Heirloom Seed Co. 276. The Fragrant Path 277. French's Bulb Importer 278. Fron Nursery 279. Frosty Hollow Nursery 280. Fruitland Nursery 281. Miles W Fry & Sons 282. Fungi Perfecti 283. Garden City Seeds 284. Garden Of Delight 285. Garden Of Delights 286. Garden Perennials 287. Garden Place 288. Gardener's Eden 289. Gardener's Supply Company 290. Gardenimport Inc 291. Gardens Alive 292. Gardens North 293. Gardens Of the Blue Ridge 294. Gardenworks 295. Gaybird Nurseries 296. Gaze Seed Co 297. D.s. George Nurseries 298. Gilberg Perennial Farm 299. Giles Ramblin' Roses 300. Gilson Gardens 301. Girard Nurseries 302. Gladside Gardens 303. Glasshouse Works 304. Going Bananas 305. Golden Bough Tree Farm 306. Goodwin Creek Gardens 307. Gossler Farms Nursery 308. Gottard Nursery 309. Gourmet Gardener 310. Gourmet Mushrooms 311. Russell Graham, Purveyor Of Plants 312. Great Basin Natives 313. Green Spot 314. Green Escape 315. Greenlady Gardens 316. Greenlee Nursery 317. Greenwood Daylily Gardens 318. Greer Gardens 319. Grigsby Cactus Garden 320. Grimo Nut Nursery 321. Gurney's 322. Habitat Plants 323. Halifax Seed Co. Inc 324. Halifax Seed Co. Inc 325. Hamlet & Garneau Inc 326. Hand Roses 327. Harborcrest Gardens 328. Hardy Roses for the North 329. Hardy Roses for the North 330. Harris Seeds 331. Hartmann's Plantation Inc 332. Hawaiian Botanicals 333. Hawaiian Garden Centre And Nursery Ltd. 334. Hawaiian Pacific Exotics 335. Heaths-n-heathers 336. Heirloom Garden Seeds 337. Heirloom Old Garden Roses 338. Heirloom Seeds 339. Heliconia And Ginger Gardens 340. Heliconia Haus 341. Henrietta's Nursery 342. Henry Fields 343. The Herb Farm 344. Herbs-licious 345. Heritage Gardens 346. Heritage Seed Program 347. Heronswood Nursery 348. Hidden Garden Nursery 349. A High Country Garden 350. High Country Rosarium 351. Highland Succulents 352. Hildenbrandt's Iris Gardens 353. Hillary's Garden 354. Historical Roses 355. Holbrook Farm & Nursery 356. Holiday Cactus 357. Holladay Jungle 358. Holland Bulb Farms 359. Holland Bulb Farms 360. Holly Lane Iris Gardens 361. Hollyvale Farm 362. Homeplace Garden 363. Homestead Farm 364. Honeywood Lilies 365. Horizon Seeds 366. Jerry Horne 367. Hortica Gardens 368. Hortico 369. Horticultural Enterprises 370. Horticultural Systems Inc 371. Hortigifts 372. Hot Seeds 373. Howe Sound Seeds 374. Hsu's Ginseng Enterprises 375. J.l. Hudson, Seedsman 376. Huff's Gardens 377. Huronview Nurseries 378. Hurov's Tropical Seeds 379. Imported Dutch Bulbs 380. In Pursuit Of Plants 381. Intermountain Cactus 382. Interstate Nursery 383. Irene's Topiaries 384. Iris & Plus 385. Iris Test Garden 386. Ison's Nursery & Vineyards 387. J's Custom Koi Ponds 388. J. W. Jung Seed Co. 389. Jackson & Perkins 390. Jacques Amand 391. Japonica 392. Jerigan Gardens 393. Joe's 394. Johnny's Selected Seeds 395. Joy Creek Nursery 396. Justice Miniature Roses 397. K&l Cactus/succulent Nursery 398. Kapoho Palms 399. Kartuz Greenhouses 400. Kaw Valley Asparagus Farm 401. The Kelley Farm 402. Kelly's Plant World 403. Kent Lilies 404. Kester's Wild Game Food Nurseries 405. Kilgore Seed Co. 406. King's Mums 407. Klehm Nursery 408. V. Kraus Nurseries Ltd. 409. Lagenbach 410. Lakeland Nursery 411. Lakeshore Tree Farms Ltd. 412. Lamb Nursery 413. Larner Seeds 414. Lauray Of Salisbury 415. Laurie's Garden 416. Lee Valley Tools Ltd. 417. Lenington Gardens 418. A.m. Leonard, Inc. 419. Les Violettes Natalia 420. Les Violettes Natalia 421. Les Jardins D'olivier 422. Les Jardins Osiris 423. Les Violettes Natalia 424. Liberty Seed Company 425. The Lily Garden 426. The Lily Pool 427. Lilypons Water Gardens 428. Limerock Ornamental Grasses 429. Lindel Lilies 430. Lindenberg Seeds Ltd. 431. Little Valley Farm 432. Live Oak Gardens 433. Living Prairie Museum 434. Living Stones Nursery 435. Lockhart Seeds, Inc. 436. Loehman's 437. Logee's Greenhouses 438. Lone Star Growers 439. Gilbert R Longoria Seeds 440. Louisiana Nursery 441. Lowe's Own-root Roses 442. Lyon Tree Farm Of Carmel 443. Mail Order Clematis 444. Mailorder Assoc Of Nurseries 445. Maitland Greenhouses 446. Mallet Court Nurseries 447. Manhattan Farms 448. Mapple Farm 449. Maroushek Gardens 450. Maryland Aquatic Nurseries 451. Mason Hogue Gardens 452. Matsumomiji Nursery 453. Maxim's Greenwood Gardens 454. Mcclure & Zimmerman 455. Mcconnell Nursery 456. Mcdaniel's Miniature Roses 457. Mcfayden Seed Co 458. Mcmath's Daffodils 459. Mcmillen's Iris Garden 460. Meadowview Farms 461. Mellinger's 462. Merry Gardens 463. Mesa Garden 464. Messelaar Bulb Co. 465. Meyer Seed Co. 466. Michigan Bulb Co. 467. Michigan Miniature Roses 468. Midwest Cactus 469. Midwest Wildflowers 470. Milaeger's Gardens 471. Millar Mountain Nursery 472. J.e. Miller Nurseries, Inc. 473. Miller's Manor Gardens 474. Miller-bowie County Farmers Assn. 475. Mini Rose Garden 476. Mini-roses 477. Miree's 478. Mission Bell Gardens 479. Missouri Wildflowers Nursery 480. Grant Mitsch Novelty Daffodils 481. Moldovan's Gardens 482. Moore Water Gardens 483. Moosebell Flower, Fruit & Tree Co. 484. Morden Nurseries 485. Morningside Farm Nursery 486. K. Morrison 487. Mountain Maples 488. Mountain Valley Seeds & Nursery 489. Mowbray Gardens 490. Mt. Leo Nursery 491. Mulligan Seeds 492. Mums By Paschke 493. Sandy Mush Herb Nursery 494. Mushroompeople 495. Musser Forests, Inc. 496. National Arbor Day Foundation 497. National Gardening Company 498. Nationwide Seed & Supply 499. Native Gardens 500. Native Seed Foundation 501. Native Seeds, Inc. 502. The Natural Garden 503. Natural Insect Control 504. Naturally Scientific 505. Nature's Garden 506. E. B. Nauman, Nurseryman 507. Neon Palm Nursery 508. Netherland Bulb Co 509. New England Bamboo Co. 510. New Holland Bulb Co. 511. New Mexico Cactus Research 512. New Mexico Desert Garden 513. New York State Fruit Testing Coop. Assn 514. Newark Nurseries 515. Niche Gardens 516. Nichols Garden Nursery 517. Noels Garden Seeds 518. Nolin River Nut Tree Nursery 519. Nor'east Miniature Roses, Inc. 520. Nor'east Miniature Roses, Inc. 521. North American Wildflowers 522. North Coast Nursery 523. Northern Gardens 524. Northern Kiwi Nursery 525. Northridge Gardens 526. Northwoods Retail Nursery 527. Nourse Farms Inc. 528. Nowetta Gardens 529. Nuccio's Nurseries 530. Nurseries At North Glen 531. Oak Hill Gardens 532. Oakes Daylillies 533. Oakwood Daffodils 534. Ohio Gardens 535. Oikos Tree Crops 536. Old House Gardens 537. Olympic Coast Garden 538. Ontario Seed Co. Ltd. 539. Orchid Gardens 540. Orchid Haven 541. Orchids Bountiful 542. Orchids 'r' Us 543. Orchids Royale 544. Oregon Exotics Inc.rare Fruit Nursery 545. Oregon Miniature Roses 546. Oregon Trail Daffodils 547. Orgel's Orchids 548. Ornamental Edibles 549. Our Kids' Orchids & Nursery 550. Owen Farms 551. Richard Owen Nursery 552. Owens Orchids 553. Pacific Berry Works 554. Pacific Northwest Seed Co. Inc. 555. Pacific Tree Farms 556. Carl Pallek & Son Nurseries 557. Palm Nuts 558. Palms for Landscaping 559. Palos Verdes Begonia Farm 560. Panda Products 561. Paradise Water Gardens 562. Park Seed Co. 563. Parkland Perennials 564. Peaceful Valley Farm Supply 565. Peace Seeds 566. Peekskill Nurseries 567. Pen Y Bryn Nursery 568. Pepper Gal 569. The Perennial Connection 570. The Perfect Season 571. Wh Perron 572. Perry's Water Gardens 573. Peter Pauls Nurseries 574. Piccadilly Farm 575. Pickering Nurseries 576. Picov's Greenhouses 577. Piedmont Garden Nursery 578. Piedmont Plant Co. 579. Pine Ridge Gardens 580. Pinetree Garden Seeds 581. Plant Delights Nursery 582. Plant It Hawaii 583. The Plant Kingdom 584. Plants Of the Southwest 585. Plants Of the Wild 586. Pleasant Hill African Violets 587. Pleasant Valley Glads 588. Plumeria People 589. Pony Creek Nursery 590. Portage Wildflowers 591. Porter & Son 592. Prairie Grown Garden Seeds 593. Prairie Habitats 594. Prairie Moon Nursery 595. Prairie Nursery 596. Prairie Seed Source 597. Charles E. Prasek 598. The Primrose Path 599. Prism Perennials 600. Protea Gardens Of Maui 601. Qualitree Nursery 602. Quality Dutch Bulbs 603. Rainbow Gardens 604. Rainforest Flora 605. Rainforest Gardens 606. Rainforest Mushroom Spawn 607. Rainforest Seed Co. 608. Raintree Nursery 609. Rawlinson Garden Seed 610. Steve Ray Bamboo Gardens 611. Rayner Bros. 612. Reasoner's 613. Reath's Nursery 614. Redbud Lane Iris Garden 615. Redwood City Seed Company 616. Reimer Waterscapes 617. Rex Bulb Farms 618. Rhapis Gardens 619. Rhapis Palm Growers 620. Rialto Gardens 621. Rice Creek Gardens 622. Richardson Seaside Banana Garden 623. Richters 624. Rider Nurseries 625. Riverbend Orchids 626. Riverhead Perennials 627. Riverside Iris Gardens 628. Rock Spray Nursery Inc. 629. Rocknoll Nursery 630. P.l. Rohrer & Bro's Inc. 631. Ronniger's Seed Potatoes 632. Roozengaarde Display Gardens 633. The Rose Garden & Mini Rose Nursery 634. Rosehill Farm 635. Roses By Fred Edmonds 636. Roses Of Thomasville 637. Roses Of Yesterday And Today 638. Roses Unlimited 639. Roslyn Nursery 640. Roswell Seed Co. 641. Royal Gardens 642. Royall River Roses 643. Roycroft Daylily Nursery 644. Rupp Seeds, Inc. 645. Jim & Irene Russ 646. S&h Organic Acres 647. Sally & Co. 648. Salt Spring Island Nursery 649. Salt Spring Seeds 650. Santa Barbara Orchid Estate 651. Santa Barbara Water Gardens 652. The Saskatoon Farm 653. Savage Farms Nursery 654. Savoy's Gardens Inc. 655. Saxton Gardens 656. John Scheepers,inc 657. Schen-dare Orchids 658. S. Scherer & Sons 659. Schreiner's Iris Gardens 660. Schulz Cactus Gardens 661. F. W. Schumacher Co. 662. Scotty's Desert Plants 663. Sea Breeze Orchids 664. Seagulls Landing Orchids 665. Seaside Daylily Farm 666. Seawright Gardens 667. Seed Savers Exchange 668. Seed Service 669. Seed Shop 670. Seederama 671. Seeds 672. Seeds And Such 673. Seeds Blum 674. Seeds Of Change 675. Seedway, Inc. 676. Select Seeds 677. Select Perennials 678. Select Plus Nurseries 679. Sequoia Nursery- Moore Miniature Nurseries 680. Seymour's Selected Seeds 681. Shady Oaks Nursery 682. Shanti Bithi Nursery 683. Sheffield's Seed Company 684. Shein's Cactus 685. Shepard Iris Garden 686. Shepherd Geraniums 687. Shepherd Hill Farm 688. Shepherd's Garden Seeds 689. Sherry's Perennials 690. Shiloh Gardens 691. Shooting Star Nursery 692. R.h. Shumway's 693. Singer's 694. Siskiyou Rare Plant Nursery 695. Skyblue Nurseries 696. Slocum Water Gardens 697. Smirnow's Son 698. Smith And Hawken 699. Smith Nursery Co. 700. Soergel Greenhouses 701. Winn Soldani 702. Solomon Daylillies 703. Keith Somers Trees 704. Sonoma Antique Apple Nursery 705. South Florida Seed Supply 706. Southern Seeds 707. Southern Exposure 708. Southern Exposure Seed Exchange 709. Southmeadow Fruit Gardens 710. Southwestern Native Seeds 711. Spaulding Bulb Farm 712. Specialty Seeds 713. Spring Hill Nurseries Co. 714. Springhill Nurseries 715. Sprout Farms Fruit Tree Nursery 716. Squaw Mountain Gardens 717. St. Lawrence Nurseries 718. Stallings Exotic Nursery 719. Stanley & Sons Nursery, Inc. 720. Stark Bros. 721. Steffen's Clematis 722. Stigall Water Gardens 723. Stirling Perennials 724. Stokes Seed Co. 725. Stokes Seeds Ltd. 726. Stone Lane Gardens 727. Strahm's Lilies 728. Strong's Alpine Succulents 729. Succulenta 730. Sunlight Gardens 731. Sunnybrook Farm 732. Sunnyslope Gardens 733. Sunset Nursery, Inc. 734. Sunshine Caladium Farms 735. Sunshine Farm And Gardens 736. Sunshine Farms 737. Sunswept Laboratories 738. Surry Gardens 739. Suttell's Dahlias 740. Swan Island Dahlias 741. Dean Swift Seed Co. 742. T & T Seeds Ltd. 743. Talavaya Seeds 744. Dave Talbot 745. Tate Nursery 746. Taylor's Roses 747. Tel-el Nursery 748. Terax Tropicals 749. Territorial Seed Company 750. Territorial Seed Company 751. Tetra Pond 752. Texas Mini Roses 753. This 'n That 754. Thomas Jefferson Ctr for Historic Plants 755. Thomasville Nurseries 756. Thompson & Morgan Inc 757. Thon's Garden Mums 758. The Thyme Garden 759. Tillinghast Seed Co. 760. Tinari Greenhouses 761. Tiny Petals Nursery 762. Tischler Peony Gardens 763. Tomato Growers Supply Co. 764. Tomato Seed Company 765. The Tomato Seed Company, Inc. 766. Totally Tomatoes 767. Tradewinds Bamboo Nursery 768. Tranquil Lake Nursery 769. Transpacific Nursery 770. Tregunno Seeds 771. William Trickler Inc 772. Trinidad Bay Bulb Co. 773. Tripple Brook Farm 774. Trophy Roses, Ltd 775. Tropical Imports 776. Tropicals 777. Tropiflora 778. Tsang & Ma 779. Tsolum River Fruit Trees 780. Otis S. Twilley Seed Company 781. Twombly Nursery 782. Upper Bank Nurseries 783. Valley Creek Nursery 784. Valley Orchid Partners 785. Van Bourgondien & Sons Inc 786. Van Dyek's Flower Farm 787. Van Dyke Zinnias 788. Van Engelen, Inc 789. Van Ness Water Gardens 790. Mary Mattison Van Schalk 791. Vanwell Nursery Inc. 792. Varga's Nursery 793. Veldheer Tulip Gardens 794. Venger's Orchids 795. Vermont Bean Seed Co. 796. The Vermont Wildflower Farm 797. Vesey's Seeds 798. Vesey's Seeds 799. Andre Viette Farm & Nursery 800. Village Orchids 801. Vintage Gardens 802. The Violet House 803. Vivaces Nordiques 804. Volkmann Bros. Greenhouses 805. Washington Evergreen Nursery 806. Water Arts Inc. 807. Waterford Gardens 808. The Waushara Gardens 809. Wavecrest Nursery & Landscaping Co. 810. Waynesboro Nurseries 811. Wayside Gardens 812. We're In the Hayfield Now, Daylily Gardens 813. We-du Nurseries 814. Weasdale Nurseries 815. Chris Weeks Peppers 816. Weiss Bros. Nursery 817. William R.p. Welch 818. Well-sweep Herb Farm 819. Ken West Orchids 820. Western Biologicals Ltd. 821. Westside Exotics Palm Nursery 822. Wheeler Farm Gardens 823. White Flower Farm 824. Whitehouse Perennials 825. Wicklein's Water Gardens 826. Gilbert H Wild And Son, Inc. 827. Wild Earth Nursery 828. Wildginger Woodlands 829. Wildseed Inc. 830. Wildwood, Inc. 831. Wilk Orchid Specialists 832. Willamette Valley Gardens 833. Willhite Seed Co. 834. Nancy Wilson Species & Miniature Narcissus 835. Wilton's Organic Seed Potatoes 836. Windrose Ltd 837. Winterfeld Ranch Seed 838. Womack Nursery Co. 839. Tom Wood Nursery 840. Woodlanders Inc 841. Woodwinds Nursery 842. Worm's Way 843. The Worm Factory 844. Wrenwood Of Berkeley Springs 845. Wrightman Alpines 846. Wyatt-quarles Seed Co. 847. Yo Ranch Cactus Company 848. Yucca Do Nursery 849. Stanley Zubrowski A & D PEONY AND PERENNIAL FARM 6808 180th S.E. Snohomish WA 98290 (206) 485-2487 Perennials, peonies. Catalog lists 200 varieties of peonies with selections changing from year to year. Also daylilies and hostas. Catalog $1.50. No info on out of U.S. shipping. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown A & P ORCHIDS Peters Road Swansee, MA 02777 Phone: unknown Orchids. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ABBEY C&S NURSERY 4620 Carpinteria Ave. Carpinteria, CA 93013 (805) 684-5112 Cactus & succulents. Catalog $2 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ABBEY GARDEN CACTUS PO Box 2249 La Habra, CA 90632-2249 Phone: unknown Cactus. This might be the same company as Abbey C&S Nursery, it's unclear. Over 1700 species of cactus and succulents. Catalogue $2 refundable Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ABBOTT IPCO P.O. Box 551329, 9886 Chartwell Drive Dallas, Texas 75355-1329 Phone: unknown Houseplants. Wholesale source for caladiums; other offerings unknown. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ABUNDANT LIFE SEED FOUNDATION PO Box 772, 1029 Lawrence Street Port Townsend, WA 98368 (360)385-5660, Fax: (360)385-7455 Rare, unusual, and heirloom species. Open-pollinated and naturalized seed. Catalog $2 . Will ship to Canada Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ADAMGROVE Rt. 1, Box 246 California, MO 65018 Phone: unknown Iris, peonies, daylilies. Specialize in bearded irises; also have dwarf & median bearded iris, Japanese, Siberian, Louisiana, species, and spuria iris; some daylilies and herbaceous peony. Descriptions. Catalog $3.00. Will ship to Canada and overseas Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ADR BULBS Rt 17A, P.O. Drawer A Bloomingburg, NY 12721 Phone: unknown Bulbs - wide selection. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown AGUA FRIA NURSERY INC 1409 Agua Fria, Dept MO Santa Fe NM 87501-3507 Voice unknown, FAX (505) 983-3593 Plants for the Southwest Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown AHRENS STRAWBERRY NURSERY RR 1 Huntingburg IN 47542 Phone: unknown Fruit. Strawberry specialist. Unknown if other offerings. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown AIMERS 81 Temperance St. Aurora, ON, CanadaL4G 2R1 Phone: (905)833-5282Fax: (905)727-7333 Seeds and bulbs for wildflowers and herbs, seeds to attract butterflies and birds. Basic catalogue free, botanical catalogue $4 includes a pkt. of seed, rare seed catalogue $2 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown AITKEN'S SALMON CREEK GARDEN 608 NW 119th St Vancouver WA 98685 (206) 573-4472 Iris. Tall beardeds, medians, Siberians, Japanese, etc. Color catalog $2.00. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ALANNAH'S AFRICAN VIOLETS Site 640 RR1 Grand Forks, BC V0H 1H0 Phone: (604)442-2552 Fax: (604)442-0288 Starter plants and fresh-cut leaves of new varieties, supplies, scented geraniums, $2 refundable. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ALBERTA NURSERIES AND SEEDS LTD Box 20 Bowden, AB, Canada TOM 0K0 (403) 224-3544 General. Varieties for the West Coast. Organically grown flowers, vegetables, perennials, houseplant seeds, bulbs, trees, hedges, fruits. Free catalog in Canada, $2 in U.S. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ALBERTS & MERKEL BROS INC. 2210 S. Federal Highway Boynton Beach, FL 33435 (305) 732-2071 $1.00 each for 3 different lists: Bromeliads, Tropical, or Orchids. If you belong to a Bromeliad, Foliage, or Orchid Society, the list is free. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown KEN ALLAN 536 MacDonnell St. Kingston, ON K7K 4W7 Phone: unknown Sweet potato roots, peas, tomatoes, black popcorn, watermelon. Catalog free with SASE. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ALLEN PLANT COMPANY P.O. Box 310 Fruitland, Maryland 21826-0310 (410) 742-7122 Fruit. Mostly strawberries; some asparagus, other berries. Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: unknown ALLEN, STERLING & LOTHROP 191 U.S. Route 1 Falmouth ME 04105 (207) 781-4142 General. Basic vegetable and flower seeds particularly adapted to the climate of Northern New England. Grass seed and supplies; also sells seeds in bulk. No info on shipping outside U.S. Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Fair ALOHA TROPICALS 1247 Browning Ct. Vista, CA 92083 Phone: unknown Tropical. Plumerias, heliconias, ginger, banana. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ALPEN GARDENS 173 Lawrence Lane Kalispell MT 59901 (406) 257-2540 Dahlias; sells only dahlia tubers. They will pay shipping if your order is over $30. Prompt in sending catalog. Quality: unknown Price: $$ - $$$ Service: unknown Variety: Excellent ALPINE VALLEY GARDENS 2627 Calistoga Rd. Santa Rosa, CA 95404 (707) 539-1749 Daylilies. A note written on their catalog says they're retiring (Feb 94), but they still offer a very good selection of daylilies. Most plants $3.00 to $5.00 ea., and a landscape special offering 25 plants for $30.00 plus postage. Lots of bargains he Quality: unknown Price: $ Service: unknown Variety: Good ALPINE WORLD GARDENS 8596 Guelph Line Campbellville, ON L0P 1B0 Phone: unknown Design, construction & planting of rock gardens, water perennials and alpine plants. Free catalog. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ALPLAINS 32315 Pine Crest Court Kiowa, CO 80117 Phone: unknown Ornamentals. Has a lot of salvia varieties. Shipping and handling to US is $2.50 Quality: unknown Price: $$ - $$$ Service: unknown Variety: Excellent AMANDA'S GARDEN 8410 Harpers Ferry Rd Springwater NY 14560 (716) 669-2275 Perennials. Nursery propagated native perennials. Free list. Does not ship to Canada. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown AMARYLLIS INCORPORATED P.O. Box 318 Baton Rouge, LA. 70821 (504) 924-5560 Broad variety of hybrid and species amaryllis from Holland and India. Catalog $1, color pictures. Ships to Canada Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown AMBERGATE GARDENS 8015 Krey Ave. Waconia, MN 55387 Phone: unknown Perennials with specialty of Martagon lilies. Descriptions. Catalog $1 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown AMENITY PLANT PRODUCTS RD #5, Box 265 Mt. Pleasant, PA 15666 Phone: unknown Perennials and wildflowers - seed. Some descriptions. Catalog $1 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown AMERI-HORT RESEARCH P.O. Box 1529 Medina OH 44258 (216) 723-4966 Specialists in lilacs. 10 or more cultivars; catalog $2. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown AMERICAN BAMBOO CO. 345 W. Second St. Dayton OH 45402 Phone: unknown Bamboo. Phyllostachys bissettii varieties only Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown AMERICAN DAYLILY AND PERENNIALS PO Box 210 Grain Valley, MO 64029 (800) 770-2777, fax (816)443-2849 Daylilies and perennials. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ANDERSON IRIS GARDENS 22179 Keather Ave. N Forest Lake MN 55025 Phone: unknown Iris. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ANGELWOOD NURSERY 12839 McKee School Road N.E. Woodburn OR 97071 (503) 534-2233 Houseplants. Ivy and begonia specialists. ...a wholesale nursery...We are growers of over 80 varieties of Ivy and 70 Varieties of Rex Begonias as well as many other items. They have a number of topiary designs and say they ship UPS. They were very Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: Good Variety: Good (Ivies & Begonias) ANTIQUE ROSE EMPORIUM Route 5, Box 143 Brenham, TX 77833 (409) 836-9051 (800) 441-0002 Own-root roses. One member has recommended them; another says beware of mislabeled roses. Quality: Good Price: $$ - $$$ Service: unknown Variety: Good ANYTHING GROWS GREENHOUSE 1609 McKean Road Ambler PA 19002 Phone: unknown Specialty, if any, unknown. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown APACHA CACTUS 3441 Road B Redwood Valley, CA 95470 Phone: unknown $0.50 cat; cactus and succulents Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown APPALACHIAN GARDENS P.O. Box 82 Waynesboro PA 17268 (717) 762-4312 Trees and shrubs; rare. Catalog says they specialize in scarce and unusual plants, also bonsai starts. They can only ship to CA, FL, OR, and WA during Dec thru Feb because of agricultural restrictions. Plants only, no seeds. Nicely printed catalog Quality: unknown Price: $$ - $$$ Service: unknown Variety: Excellent APPLESOURCE Rt. 1 Chapin IL 62628 Phone: unknown Fruit. Presumably a source for apples. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown AQUATICS & EXOTICS PO Box 693a Indian Rocks Beach FL 34635 (813) 595-3075 Aquatic. Waterlilies, lotus, bog plants. Free price list. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ARBOR & ESPALIER 201 Buena Vista Ave. E San Francisco CA 94117 Phone: unknown Specializing in ready-grown espaliered fruit trees, some camellias. They sell their espaliers through Sonoma Antique Apple Nursery's catalog and a few retail outlets. Shipping outside CA, OR, WA, NV or AZ is quite expensive. No info on shipping to Canada. Quality: unknown Price: $$$ Service: unknown Variety: Good ARBOUR RECYCLED PRODUCTS 800 Bank St. Ottawa, ON K1S 3V8 Phone: (613)567-3168 Live delivery of worms across Canada year-round. Catalog free. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown JIM & JENNY ARCHIBALD `Bryn Collen', Ffostrasol, Llandysul Dyfed, SA44 5SB, Wales, UK Phone: unknown Astounding amounts of alstromerias. Catalog $2 U.S. Quality: Excellent Price: $$$ - $$$$ Service: unknown Variety: Excellent THE ARIL PATCH 3843 Concord Blvd. Concord, CA 94519 Phone: unknown Iris - aril types. Catalog $.75 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ARMSTRONG ROSES P.O. Box 1020 Somis CA 93066 Phone: unknown Roses. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ARROWHEAD ALPINES PO. Box 857, Fowlerville, MI. 48836. (517)223-3581, FAX: (517)223-8750 Seeds of 4000 varieties; campanula, dianthus, primula, iris, penstemon, more. No pictures, everything listed by Latin name. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ART INTENSITY CORP. 5125 Montclair Dr. Mississauga, ON L5M 5A6 (905)607-7330 Fax: (905)828-6368 Topiary frames, mail-order kits. Free catalog. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ATLANTIC HYDROPONICS & GREENHOUSES Box 807 Moncton, NB E1C 8N6 (506)858-0158 Fax: (506)855-0164 Greenhouse supplies, organic hydroponic products. Catalog $2. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown AUSTRAFLORA OF UTAH 3816 Highland Dr. Holladay, UT 84106 Phone: Unknown Trees and shrubs. SASE for list; Cold-hardy Eucalyptus, Australian plants Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown AVATAR'S WORLD 9106 Hurd Rd Edgerton WI 53534 Phone: unknown Unknown speciality, if any. Write for list of seeds. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown AVID GARDENER Box 200 Hamburg IL 62045 Phone: unknown Trees and shrubs; Dwarf conifers, shrubs, groundcovers, bonsai starters. Descriptive catalog $2.00. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown AZTEKAKTI NURSERY 11306 Gateway East El Paso, TX 79927 Phone: unknown $1 cat; cactus and succulents. Desert trees and shrubs Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown B & D LILIES 330 P Street Port Townsend, WA 98368 (206) 385-1738 orders; Fax: (206) 385-9996 Rare. Lilies. Catalog $3. Suberb selection of oriental hybrids, asiatics, trumpets/ Aurelians, rare and endangered species. Plus exclusives available only through catalog. Quality: Excellent Price: $$$ Service: Excellent Variety: Excellent B&T ASSOCIATES Whitnell House, Fiddington, Bridgwater, Somerset TA5 1JE, England, UK Phone: unknown Rare. This is one of the largest exotic seed operations in the world, with a list (or lists) of over 25,000 species. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BAILEY'S P.O. Box 654 Edmonds WA 98020 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BAKKER OF HOLLAND US Reservation Center Louisiana, MO 63353-0050 Phone: unknown Dutch bulbs Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BAMERT SEED CO. Rt. 3, Box 1120 Muleshoe, TX 79347 (806) 272-5506 FAX (806) 272-5509 Natives, Grasses. Pasture grass seed, including Buffalo Grass. Free descriptive list. Quality: unknown Price: unknown (Wholesale list sent - prices $$) Service: unknown Variety: Good BAMBOO SHOOT 1462 Darby Rd. Sebastopol, CA 95472 Phone: unknown Bamboo. Catalog $1 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BAMBOO SOURCERY 666 Wagnon Rd. Sebastopol, CA 95472 (707) 823-5866 Fax (707) 829-8106. Bamboo. Catalog $1. Rumours have it (as of March 94) that they don't ship; better call first. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown THE BANANA TREE 715 Northampton St Easton, PA 18042 Phone: (215) 253 9589 Fax: (215) 253 4864 Tropical bulbs and seeds. Rare. Cat $3. Large collection of seeds of unusual plants. One of the best selections of banana corms. Seeds of several seeded bananas. One member complained of poor germination, and little satisfaction. Quality: Fair to Good Price: $$ Service: Fair Variety: Excellent BARBOUR BROS INC. (The Growing Place) RD 2 Stoneboro PA 16153 Phone: unknown Rhododendrons and azaleas, kalmias, and ground covers hardy to -25F. Free catalog. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown VERNON BARNES AND SON NURSERY P.O. Box 250 McMinnville TN 37110 Phone: unknown Trees and shrubs, vines. Free catalog. Nothing unusual, and they don't seem to have many named varieties. They don't ship ANY fruit, nut, or berry, and not a lot of anything else, to CA or AZ. Prompt catalog after request and low prices. Quality: unknown Price: $ Service: unknown Variety: Fair BAY VIEW GARDENS 1201 Bay St. Santa Cruz, CA. 95060 Phone: unknown Iris. Many types of irises including Pacifics listings. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BDK NURSERY P.O. Box 628 Apopka FL 32712 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown THE BEALL ORCHID CO, 3400 Academy Dr. S.E. Auburn WA 98002 Phone: unknown Orchids. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BEANS AND BEYOND 818 Jefferson Street Oakland CA 94607 (800) 845-BEAN Supposed to have the most comprehensive list of beans around. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BEAR CREEK NURSERY P.O. Box 4112 Northport WA 99156 Phone: unknown Fruit. Nut, berry, and fruit trees; shrubs. Catalog $1. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BEAVER CREEK NURSERY 7526 Pelleaux Rd Knoxville TN 37938 Phone: unknown Trees and shrubs, incl. Stewartia, holly, fothergilla, styrax, viburnum. Catalog $1.00. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BECKER'S SEED POTATOES RR#1 Trout Creek, Ontario, Canada POH 2L0 (517) 223-8750 Seed potatoes - red, white, blue skin, yellow or white fleshed; recommended by Ronnigers for Canadian residents. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BEERSHEEBA WILDFLOWER GARDEN P.O. Box 551 Beersheba Springs TN 37305 Phone: unknown Wildflowers Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BELCHE HERB CO. P.O. Box 1305 Schenectedy NY 12301 Phone: unknown Herbs Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BERRY HILL LTD 75 Burwell Rd Box A St Thomas ON N5P 3R5 (519) 631-0480, FAX (519) 631-8935 Garden equip, hobby farm supplies. Free catalog Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BETTER YIELD INSECTS RR 3 Belle River ON NOR 1A0 (800) 662-6562, FAX (519) 727-5989 Live insects shipped by courier, biocontrols. Free catalog. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BIG SKY VIOLETS 10678 Schoolhouse Lane Moiese MT 59824 Phone: unknown Houseplants - African violets. Catalog $2.50, refundable. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown MYRON BIGGER 201 North Rice Rd. Topeka, KS 66616 Phone: unknown Specialize in Peonies. Some descriptions. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BIRD ROCK TROPICALS 6523 El Camino Real Carlsbad, CA 92009 Phone: unknown Tropical, Bromeliads. Large SASE for catalog; Tillandsia specialist Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BISHOP SEEDS LTD Box 338 Belleville On K8N 5A5 (613) 968-5533, FAX (613) 968-8617 Forage, seed, and turf grasses. Free catalog. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BLANCHETTE GARDENS 223 Rutland St Carlisle MA 01741 Phone: unknown Perennials. Catalog $3.00. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BLOOMINGFIELDS FARM Route 55 Gaylordsville, CT 06755 (203) 354-6951 Daylilies. 16-page small catalog with brief descriptions. Free catalog. Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Fair BLOSSOMS & BLOOMERS E 11415 Krueger Spokane WA 99207 Phone: unknown Roses - Own root old roses. Catalog $1.00. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BLUE DAHLIA GARDENS G. Kenneth Furrer San Jose, IL 62682 Phone: unknown Dahlias - Large selection of dahlia bulbs listings. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BLUE STAR LAB P.O. Box 173 Williamstown NY 13493 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BLUEBELL LILIES 1432 Manor Lane Blue Bell, PA 19422 Phone: unknown Lilies. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BLUEBERRY HILL RRR 1 Box Maynooth ON K0L 2SO (613) 338-2535 Large selection of berry plants for zones 3-4, some zone 2. Free catalog. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown KURT BLUEMEL, INC. 2740 Greene Ln. Baldwin, MD 21013-9523 (301) 557-7299 $2 catalog; extensive listings of ornamental grasses, and bamboo. They will ship plants to Canada and overseas but there are restrictions on CA, OR, and WA. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BLUESTONE PERENNIALS 7211 Middle Ridge Road Madison Ohio 44057 (800) 852-5243 (216) 428-7535 They carry only perennials. They have some mature plants, but mostly young ones in 3-pack or 6-pack containers for about $1 to $1.50 per plant. Quality: Good Price: unknown Service: Excellent Variety: Good BOB'S Rt. 2, Box 42 Wingate, TX 79566 Phone: unknown SASE for list; rare, unusual xerophytics, bonsai, tropicals Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BONNIE BRAE GARDENS 1105 SE Christensen Road Corbett, OR 97019 Phone: unknown Bulbs. Daffodil specialist Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BONSAI FARM P.O. Box 130 LaVernia, TX 78121 Phone: unknown Bonsai trees, plants and supplies. Descriptions. Catalog $1.00 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BONSAI SHOP 43 William St Smithtown NY 11787 Phone: unknown Bonsai. Color catalog $2.00. Video catalog $5.95 (refundable). Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BOORDY NURSERY P.O. Box 38 Riderwood MD 21139 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BORBELETA GARDENS 15980 Canby Ave Faribault, MN 55021 Phone: unknown Many types of lilies, featuring Asiatic and daylilies. Some photos ($3). Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BOTANIKA 96 Enderby Road Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4E 2S5 (416) 699-8296, fax: 698-9333 Bromeliads, esp. the genus Tillandsia - ships only to points in Canada. Free catalog. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BOUGHEN NURSERIES VALLEY RIVER LTD Box 12 Valley River, MB ROL 2B0 (204) 638-7618, FAX (204) 638-7172 Nursery stock field-grown in northern Manitoba. Lilacs, cherry, plum, pears, roses, apples. Free catalog. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BOUNTIFUL GARDENS 18001 Shafer Ranch Road Willits, CA 95490 (707) 459-6410 Vegetables. Heirloom Seeds. Sole U.S. source for Chase Seeds - European heirloom vegetables. Many unusual varieties. Free catalog in U.S., $2 (U.S.) to foreign addresses. They will ship seeds to Canada. Quality: Good Price: $ Service: Average Variety: Good BOZEMAN BIO-TECH P.O.Box 3146, 1612 Gold Avenue Bozeman MT 59772 (406) 587-5891, FAX (406) 587-0223 A good list of beneficial insects. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BRAND PEONY FARM Box 842 St. Cloud, MN 56302 Phone: unknown Peonies - Single and double peony descriptions. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BRAZTROPIC P.O. Box 821515 South Florida, FL 33082-1515 Phone: unknown Mexican fan palms. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BRECK'S 6523 N Galena Rd Peoria, IL 61632 (309) 689-3870 Bulbs - a basic range; some perennials. Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Good BRESSINGHAM GARDENS Street address unknown Bressingham, Diss, Norfolk, IP22 2AB UK (0379 88) 464 Trees and shrubs. Alan, Adrian and Robert Bloom. Premier English plantsmen. Specializing in dwarf conifers, perennials, and alpines. 1 pound Sterling for color catalog. Please note that shipment outside of the UK is quite expensive. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BRIDGES ROSES 2734 Toney Rd. Lawndale, NC 28090 (704) 538-9412 Fax: (704) 538-1521 Mostly miniature roses, and a few hybrid teas. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BRISTOL MUMS INC. 50 Pinehurst Rd. Bristol, CT 06010 Phone: unknown Chrysanthemums. Mum descriptions with color selector for easy reference. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BRITE LITE 2215 Walkley Montreal PQ H4B 2J9 (514)489-3803 Everything for the hydroponic gardener. Free catalog. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BRITTINGHAM PLANT FARMS P.O. Box 2538 Salisbury MD 21802 (410) 749-5153 FAX: (410) 749-5148 Fruit: Strawberries, blueberries, raspberries, blackberries, asparagus, grapes. Sells strawberry plants by the thousand lot as well as in garden quantities. No mention in catalog of shipping to Canada. Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Good BROOKFIELD NURSERY AND TREE PLANTATION P.O. Box 2490 Christiansburg VA 24073 Phone: unknown Trees and shrubs. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BROOKS TREE FARM 9785 Portland Rd NE Salem, OR 97305 Phone: unknown Trees and shrubs. Mostly evergreen trees. Large quantities. Listings. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BROWN'S OMAHA PLANT FARMS INC P.O. Box 787 Omaha TX 75571 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown JOHN BRUDY EXOTICS 3411 Westfield Dr. Brandon, FL 33511 (813) 684-4302 Rare. Trees and shrubs. He specializes in seeds of exotic shrubs and trees, but has some neat palm and aroid seeds. Catalog $2, refundable on order. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BRUDY'S TROPICAL EXOTICS P.O. Box 820874 Houston, TX 77282-0874 (800) 926-7333 Tropical, rare. All sorts of tropical fruit, ornamentals, and exotic seeds. Black & white pictures, good descriptions. This may be the same person as John Brudy's Exotics...this listing is current as of 1994. Quality: unknown Price: $$ - $$$ Service: unknown Variety: Excellent BURNT RIDGE NURSERY 432 Burnt Ridge Onalaska WA 98570 (206) 985-2873 Fruit trees; otherwise unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BUCKLEY NURSERY 646 N. River Rd. Buckley WA 98321 (206) 829-1811 Sells bareroot fruit trees, small fruits, and deciduous shrubs. 3-yr. fruit trees @ $15.95 to $16.95 ea.; Ship Feb.- April. Typewritten list is free. Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Good BUELL'S GREENHOUSES Weeks Rd. Eastford, CT 06242 Phone: unknown Houseplants. Large SASE (3 1st class stamps); Gesneriads Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown THE BULB CRATE 2560 Deerfield Rd Riverwoods IL 60015 Phone: unknown Bulbs. Lilies, peonies, iris. Catalog $1.00, refundable. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BUMPER CROP GARDEN CENTRE 1316 Centre St NE Calgary AB T2E 2R7 (800) 661-1228 Organic fertilizers and pest controls, hydroponic and irrigation supplies. Free catalog Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BURGESS SEED AND PLANT CO. 905 Four Seasons Road Bloomington, IL 61701 (309)663-9551 General. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO. 300 Park Ave Warminster, PA 18974 (800) 888-1447 Good general catalog; one of the oldest and best known US seed companies. Also has bulb selections in the fall. Free catalog. Apparently they will NOT ship to Canada. Quality: Good Price: $$ Service: Good Variety: Good D.V. BURRELL SEED GROWERS CO. P.O. Box 150 Rocky Ford CO 81067-0150 (303) 254-3318 General. Vegetable and flower seeds, packets to pounds Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Good BURT ASSOCIATES BAMBOO P.O. Box 719-W Westford, MA 01886 (508) 692-3240 Bamboo. $2 catalog; Indocalamus, Pleioblastus, Pseudosasa, Sasaella, Phyllostachys Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown GEORGE C. BUSH, Clean Shaven Iris 1739 Memory Lane Extended York, PA 17402 (717) 755-0557 Siberian Iris. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BUSSE GARDENS 13579-10th St. N.W. Cokato, MN 55321-9426 (612) 2862654 General seeds and plants. Catalog $2.00, and they have some amazing though not inexpensive things. Among them is an extensive iris selection. Quality: unknown Price: $$$ Service: unknown Variety: unknown BUTCHART GARDENS Box 4010 Station A Victoria, BC, Canada V8X 3X4 (604)652-4422 Fax (604)652-1475 or (604)652-3883 Perennial flower seeds listed. Catalog $.60. Video for sale or loan available to garden clubs and societies. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: Fair LEONARD BUTT street address unknown Huttonville ON L0J 1B0 (905) 455-8344 Over 300 varieties of show-quality gladiolus corms, star-of- Bethelem, gloriosa lilies. $1 for catalog Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown BUTTERBROOK FARM 78 Barry Road Oxford CT 06483 (203) 888-2000 Vegetables. Short-season vegetable seeds, low prices. Same- day service. For seed list send SASE. Will ship seeds to Canada Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown C 'N C PROTEA NURSERY 387 Carmen Plaza Camarillo CA 93010-6041 Phone: unknown Tropical. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CA CRUICKSHANK, INC 1015 Mount Pleasant Road Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4P 2M1 (416)488-8292, Fax: (416)488-8802 Bulbs. Cat $3 One of the largest lists in N Am. Strongest in tulips, scilla, iris, crocus, hyacinth, narcissus; features much stuff from Van Tubergen of Holland. Will ship to U.S. Quality: unknown Price: $$$ Service: unknown Variety: Good CACTUS BY DODIE 934 E, Mettler Rd. Lodi CA 95242 Phone: unknown Cactus. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CACTUS BY MUELLER 10411 Rosedale Hwy. Bakersfield, CA 93312 Phone: unknown Catalog $1; cactus & succulents Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CAL DIXIE IRIS GARDENS 14115 Pear St. Riverside CA 92504 Phone: unknown Iris. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CALADIUM WORLD PO Drawer 629 Sebring, FL 33871 Phone: unknown Houseplants. Caladium specialist. Free catalog. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CALAHAN SEEDS 6045 Foley Ln. Central Point, OR 97502 Phone: unknown Vegetables. Sells all seeds in 25 gram packets. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CALIFORNIA CARNIVORES 7020 Trenton-Healdsburg Rd Forestville CA 95436 (704) 838-1630 Misc - Carnivorous plants. Growing guide $2, price list free. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CALIFORNIA NURSERY CO. P.O. Box 2278 Fremont CA 94536 Phone: unknown Some tropical fruit trees. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CAMELOT NORTH GREENHOUSES RR 2, Box 398 Pequot Lakes, MN 56472 (218) 568-8922 Listings of perennials. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CAMPANULA CONNOISSEUR 702 Traver Trail Glenwood Springs CO 81601 Phone: unknown A whole catalog of campanulas - catalog $1.00 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CAMPBERRY FARM, C/O R.D. Campbell RR1 Niagra-on-the-Lake, On L0S 1J0 (905) 262-4927 Persimmon, paw-paw, pecan, almond, apricots, chestnuts, more. Catalog $2, payable to R.D. Campbell Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CANYON CREEK NURSERY 3527 Dry Creek Road Oroville, CA 95965 (916) 533-2166 Rare. Uncommon perennials. 3 1/2 to 5 pots. Ship Feb. thru May; Sept. thru Nov.; No minimum order. Quality: Excellent Prices: $ to $$ Service: Good Variety: Good CAPE COD VIOLETRY 28 Minot St Falmouth MA 02540 Phone: unknown Houseplants. African violets; catalog $1.00 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CAPRICE FARM NURSERY 15425 SW Pleasant Hill Rd. Sherwood, OR 97140 (503)625-7241 Iris, daylilies, peonies; descriptions and some photos Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CAPRILANDS HERB FARM 534 Silver Lane N. Coventry, CT 06238 (203) 742-7244 Herbs. One good source for scented geraniums. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CARDINAL NURSERY Rt 1 Box 316 State Road NC 28676 (919) 874-2027 Rhododendrons. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CARINO NURSERIES P.O. Box 538 Indiana PA 15701 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CARLSON'S GARDENS Box 305 South Salem NY 10590 (914) 763-5958 Over 1800 varieties of northern acclimated rhododendrons and azaleas. Catalog and Color Cue Card subscription: $3.00. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CARLTON ROSE NURSERIES P.O. Box 366 Carlton, OR 97111 (503) 852-7135 Roses. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CARNCAIRN DAFFODILS, LTD. Carncairn Lodge, Broughshare Ballymena, County Antrim, Northern Ireland BT43 7HF Phone: unknown Bulbs - Daffodils. Free catalog. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CARROLL GARDENS P.O. Box 310, 444 East Main Street Westminster, MD 21158 (800)638-6334 or (410) 847-4112 Catalog $3.00. Perennials, roses, shrubs, lots of hardy geraniums. Quality: Good to Excellent Price: $$ to $$$ Service: Good Variety: Excellent CARTER SEEDS 475 Mar Vista Drive Vista CA 92083 (800) 872-7711, (619) 724-5931, fax (619) 724-8832 Ornamentals. Wholesale seeds of flowers, grasses, herbs, palms, ferns, tropicals, trees and shrubs, cactus and succulents. From packets to pounds. Catalog claims if they don't have it they'll find it for you. Will ship to Canada. Quality: unknown Price: $$ - $$$$ Service: unknown Variety: Excellent CARTER AND HOLMES P.O. Box 668, No 1 Old Mendenhall Rd Newberry SC 29108 803) 276-0579 FAX (803) 276-0588 Orchids specialists; beautiful color catalog. They also grow ferns, anthuriums and other tropical plants. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CASCADE BULB AND SEED PO Box 271 Scotts Mills OR 97375 Phone: unknown Daylilies. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CASCADE DAFFODILS 1790 Richard Circle St Paul, MN 55118 Phone: unknown Cat $1 Bulbs - daffodil specialist Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CASCADE FORESTRY SERVICE Rt. 1 Cascade IA 52033 Phone: unknown Trees and shrubs - Deciduous and evergreen. Some nut trees. Listing Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CATTAIL MEADOWS, LTD. PO Box 39391 Solon OH 44139 Phone: unknown Nursery-propagated wildflowers. Free catalog. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CEDAR RIDGE NURSERIES Cedar Ridge Rd. Allison Park PA 15101 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CHAMBERS NURSERY 26874 Ferguson Road Junction City OR 97448 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CHAMBLEE'S ROSE NURSERY 10926 US Hwy. 69 N Tyler, TX 75706-8742 (800) 256-7673 Fax: (903) 882-3597 Miniature roses, and old garden roses. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CHUCK CHAPMAN IRIS 11 Harts Lane Guelph ON N1L 1B1 (519) 823-8744 1300 named varieties of bearded iris, varieties selected for hardiness and acclimated to Canada. Catalog $2 refundable. Quality; unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CHEROKEE ROSE 9546 Island Rd St. Francisville LA 70775 Phone: unknown Perennials, herbs, trees and shrubs. Free catalog. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CHESTNUT HILL NURSERY INC. Route 1 Box 341 Alachua FL 32615 (904) 462-2820 or (800) 669-2067, FAX (904) 4624330 Fruit. Sells Dunstan Hybrid Chestnuts, Chinese Chestnuts, Kaki Persimmons, and fig trees. Quality: unknown Price: unknown (Received wholesale list only) Service: unknown Variety: Good CHILTERN SEEDS Bortree Stile, Ulverston Cumbria LA12 7PB, England Phone: 0229 58 1137 Ornamentals, trees and shrubs, perennials. The catalog is $3 U.S. $4 Canadian. Literally thousands of varieties of wild and cultivated plants from around the world. No pictures. They take credit card orders, and the packets usually have a lot of seed. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CLARGREEN GARDENS 814 Southdown Rd Mississauga ON L5J 2Y4 (905) 822-092 Orchids, exotics, and water garden supplies. Catalog $2 Quality; unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CLIFFORD'S PERENNIAL & VINE Rt. 2, Box 320 East Troy, WI 53120 (414) 968-4040 FAX (414) 968-5525 Feb. - Oct. Ornamentals; specializing in clematis and flowering vines. Also perennials. All perennials in 1-gallon pots, $8.00 ea. Clematis are grown in 2 1/2 pots for $12.00 ea., and are shipped in Spring only. Quality: unknown Price: $$$ Service: unknown Variety: Fair to Good COASTAL GARDENS AND NURSERY 4611 Socastee Blvd., Highway 707 Myrtle Beach SC 29575 (803) 293-2000 $2.00 for catalog. Hosta specialist. Also, daylilies, ferns, other perennials, trees and shrubs. $35.00 min. order. Ship worldwide, April - Dec. Quality: unknown Price: $$ to $$$ Service: unknown Variety: Fair to Good Coda Gardens, , P.O. Box 8417 Fredericksburg, VA 22404 Phone: unknown Offers at least some passifloras; other offerings unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown COLD STREAM FARM 2030 Free Soil Rd. Free Soil MI 49411-9752 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown COLVOS CREEK NURSERY 1931 2nd Ave. #215 Seattle, WA 98101 Phone: unknown Trees and shrubs. $2 catalog; hardy Eucalyptus & palms Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown COMANCHE ACRES IRIS GARDENS Rt. 1, Box 258 Gower, MO 64454 (816) 424-6436 Iris - Bearded and Beardless Irises. Free color catalog. Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Good COMPANION PLANTS 7247 North Coolville Ridge Rd. Athens, OH 45701 (614) 592-4643 Interesting array of Herb, Dye, unusual Food, etc. plants. Catalog $2. Seeds also available for many of their plants. Will ship to Canada. Quality: Fair to Good Price: $ - $$ Service: Fair to Good Variety: Excellent THE COMPLEAT GARDEN 217 Argilla Rd Ipswich MA 01938 Phone: unknown Clematis. Descriptive list $1.50. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown COMSTOCK, FERRE & CO. 263 Main St. Wethersfield CT 06109 (203) 571-6590 General - Vegetable, flower and herb seeds for the Northeast, from packets to pounds; old and new varieties. Catalog $3, refundable. No info on Canadian shipments. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CONNELL'S 10216 40th St. East Tacoma, WA 98446 Phone: unknown Bulbs - Mostly dahlias and some gladiolas. Some photos and descriptions. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown THE CONSERVANCY 51563 Range Rd 212A Sherwood Park AB T8G 1B1 Phone: unknown Seeds of native wildflowers, grasses, trees, shrubs, and perennials for Zone 3. Seeds from Alaska and the Yukon. Catalog $2 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service; unknown Variety: unknown CONTEMPORARY GARDENS OF PERRY DYER Box 534 Blanchard, OK 73010 (405) 485-3302 Daylilies, bearded iris, Louisiana Irises. Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Good THE COOK'S GARDEN P.O. Box 535 Londonderry, Vermont 05148 (802) 824-3400 FAX: (802) 824-3027 Catalog $1. A wonderful array of vegetables but specialty is salad greens including several mescluns. An added bonus are the recipes. Some flowers. Will ship to Canada. Quality: Good Price: $$ Service: Good Variety: Good to Excellent COOK'S GERANIUM NURSERY 712 North Grand, Hwy 14N Lyons, KS 67554 (316) 257-5033 Listing of geraniums and some perennials with descriptions. Catalog $1.00, deductible Quality: unknown Price: $ Service: unknown Variety: Excellent COOLEY'S GARDEN CENTER Street address unknown Boothbay Harbor, ME 04538 Phone: unknown Wildflowers and ferns - plants. Descriptions. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown COOLEY'S GARDENS PO Box 126 Silverton, OR 97381 (800) 225-5391 Many types of iris and many photos. Color catalog $3, deductible from first order. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown COOPER'S GARDEN 2345 Decatur Ave. N. Golden Valley, MN 55427 (612) 591-0495 Beardless iris, daylilies, hosta and perennials for shade and for sun listings. Quality: good Price: $$ Service: good Variety: Average COPACABANA GARDENS 234 Hall Dr. Moraga, CA 94556 Phone: unknown $2 catalog; tropical. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CORN HILL NURSERY R.R. 5 Petitcodiac, New Brunswick, Canada E0A 2H0 (506)756-3635, FAX: (506)756-1087 Cat $2. Fruit trees, perennials, azaleas, rhodos, roses, for colder zones. Not all stock is available mail order. Catalog implies that shipping can be arranged. It contains much useful info. on plant culture Quality: unknown Price: $$(Average) If you can visit and pick up. Service: unknown Variety: Excellent CORNELISON BROMELIADS 225 San Bernardino N. Fort Myers, FL 33903 Phone: unknown Bromeliads; SASE for plant list. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown THE COUNTRY GARDEN Route 2 Box 455A Crivitz WI 54114 Phone: unknown Ornamental - Specialize in garden plants for cut flowers. Seeds listed.($2) Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown COUNTRY GREEN P.O. Box 356 Camplbellville, ON, Canada L0P 1B0 (519) 822-8419 Herbs, topiaries, gift items, newsletter - includes free recipe booklet. Will ship to U.S. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown COUNTRY GREEN Box 178 Radville SK S0C 2G0 (306) 869-2907 Saskatchewan-grown everlasting flowers. Free catalog for SASE. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown COUNTRY LANE HERBS RR 3 Puslinch ON N0B 2J0 (905) 659-7327 Herb plants, dried herbs, potpourri supplies & dried flowers. SASE. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown FLOYD COVE NURSERY 11 Shipyard Ln. Setaucket, NY 11733 Phone: unknown Extensive listing of daylilies ($2) Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CREOLE ORCHIDS P.O. Box 24458 New Orleans LA 70184-4458 (800) 729-6804 (to order) Orchids Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CRESCENT NURSERY RR 4 Rockwood ON N0B 2K0 (519) 856-1000, FAX (519) 856-2712 Catalogs for Schreiner's iris $6, Grant Mitsch novelty daffodils $3, Swan Island dahlias $4, Daylily Discounters $3. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CRICKLEWOOD NURSERY 11907 Nevers Rd Snohomish WA 98290 Phone: unknown Ornamental - Listed as a source for woodland Anemones. Catalog $2.00. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CRISTA'S CACTUS 529 W. Pima Coolidge, AZ 85228 Phone: unknown Cactus, succulents, desert trees and shrubs Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CROCKETT'S TROPICAL PLANTS P.O. Box 389 Harlingen, TX 78551-0389 (800) 580-1747 Tropical - Catalog $1; includes a small packet of seeds, free. Bougainvillea, Nerium, Mandevilla, Leucophyllum, Allamanda,Trachelospermum, Pittosporum, Plumbago, Hibiscus, citrus, palms, offered in 2 1/4 rose pots ($6.00) or gallons ($12.00). Quality: Good Prices: $$ Service: Fair Variety: Good CROSMAN SEED CORP. P.O. Box 110 East Rodchester NY 14445 (716) 586-1928 General - 50 cents for list. Vegetable seed, by the ounce, 1/2-lb., or pound. Also flower seed packets and a wildflower mixture. Quality: unknown Price: $ - $$ Service: unknown Variety: Fair to Good CUMBERLAND VALLEY NURSERIES INC P.O. Box 471 McMinnville TN 37110-0471 (800) 492-0022 or (615) 668-4153. FAX (615) 473-4279 Fruit - Bareroot fruit trees. Lists 118 Peach varieties - no kidding. Also, Plum, Nectarine, Apricot, and a few Apple varieties. 14-page free catalog includes chilling-hours, etc. Ship mid-Dec. to mid-April. $30 minimum order. Quality: unknown Price: $ - $$ Service: unknown Variety: excellent THE CUMMINS GARDEN 22 Robertsville Rd. Marlboro, NJ 07746 (908)536-2591 Trees and shrubs. Unusual plants - dwarf rhododendrons, deciduous and evergreen azaleas. Catalogue $2 refundable Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown C.W.S. ROSES 2232 Gale Ave. Coquitlam, BC, Canada V3K 2Y8 Phone: unknown Miniature Roses. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CYCAD GARDENS 4524 Toland Los Angeles, CA 90041 Phone: unknown Tropical. Large SASE for catalog Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown DACHA BARINKA 46232 Strathcona Rd. Chilliwack, BC V2P 3T2 Phone: (604)792-0957 Seeds for everlasting flowers, vegetables, herbs, Chinese vegetables, wine grapes and nuts. Free with SASE. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown DAFFODIL MART The Heaths, Rt 3, Box 794 Gloucester, VA 23061 Phone: unknown Bulbs. Cat $1; Van Tubergen of Holland wholesale cat $5. Hundreds of daffodils ; said to have one of the broadest lists of Dutch grown bulbs. Quality: Good Price: $$ Service: Good Variety: Good DAHLIAS BY PHIL TRAFF 1316 132nd Ave. East Sumner WA 98390 Phone: unknown Dahlias. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown DAHLIAS GALORE RR1 Legion Site C22 Sechelt, BC V0N 3A0 Phone: (604)885-9820 More than 300 kinds of dahlias. Free. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown DAISY FIELDS 12635 SW Brighton Ln Hillsboro OR 97123-9051 Phone: unknown Old fashioned perennials. Catalog $1.00. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown DALLAS BONSAI GARDEN address unknown city unknown (800) 982-1223 for catalog. Presumably they specialize in bonsai. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown WILLIAM DAM SEEDS LTD P.O. Box 8400 Dundas, ON, Canada L9H 6M1 (905) 628-6641 Vegetables, field crop, herb, flower and houseplant seeds. Untreated seeds. Spring bulbs shipped to Canada only. Cat $2 refundable. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown DAN'S GARDEN SHOP 5821 Woodwinds Circle Frederick MD 21701 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown THE DANE COMPANY 4626 Lamont Corpus Christi, TX 78411 Phone: unknown Bromeliads. Large SASE for catalog Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown DAVIDSON-WILSON GREENHOUSES RR2, Box 168 Crawfordsville, IN 47933-9423 (317) 364-0556 FAX: (317) 364-0563 Carry a wide variety of unusual houseplants as well as 370 unique Geranium [Pelargonium] varieties. Catalog, $2.00. Quality: Good Price: $$ Service: Good Variety: Good MR DAVID DAY, Goose Creek Nursery 13816 Lawyers Rd. Charlotte NC 28227 Phone: unknown Bamboo source. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown DAYLILY DISCOUNTERS INTERNATIONAL One Daylily Plaza, Alachua, Florida 32615 (800)DAY-LILY 93 page catalog with at least 200 daylily varieties, lots of pictures, descriptions. Exclusive marketer for the daylily hybridizer Wm. Munson, Quality: unknown Price: $$ - $$$ Service: unknown Variety: Excellent DAYLILY FARMS Rt 1, Box 891 Bakersville NC 28705-9714 Phone: unknown Catalog $2, deductible from first order. Daylilies. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown DAYLILY WORLD P.O. Box 1612, Sanford FL 32771 Phone: unknown Daylilies Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown DEEP DIVERSITY CATALOG, aka Peace Seeds and Seeds of Change Box 190 Gila NM 88038 Phone: unknown General, natives, herbs. 1000 varieties emphasizing biodiversity; food plants, herbs, flowers, fiber plants, heirlooms, medicinals and plants with no known value. Catalog $4, free seed list. Will ship seeds to Canada. Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Good DEGROOT INC. P.O. Box 575 Coloma, MI 49038 Phone: unknown Perennials, especially daylilies and bulbs. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown PETER DE JAGER BULB CO. PO Box 2010 South Hamilton, MA 01982 Phone: unknown Bulbs. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown DEL'S JAPANESE MAPLES 4691 River Road Eugene OR 97404 (503) 688-5587 Sells Japanese Maples only, all grafted. Recent weather extremes have caused shortages at Del's for 1994. Retail and wholesale lists available separately. Quality: unknown Price: unknown. Service: unknown Variety: Fair DESERT MOON NURSERY P.O. Box 600FG Veguita, NM 87062 Phone: unknown Catalog $1. Agave, Yucca, s.w. Natives - adv in FINE GARDENING Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown DESERT NURSERY 1301 South Copper, Dept. FG Deming, NM 88030 Phone: unknown Winter-hardy cactus. SASE for catalog Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown DESERT THEATRE 17 Behler Rd. Watsonville, CA 95076 Phone: unknown Cactus & succulents. Catalog $2 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown DESIGNART JARDINS 243 Knowlton Rd. Knowlton, PQ J0E 1V0 Phone: unknown Imported garden ornaments, terra-cotta and stone containers, fountains. Catalog $7 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service; unknown Variety: unknown DIGGERS 105 Latrobe Parade, Dromana 3936 Aust. Phone: unknown Misc - Australian seeds and plants. Can't say anything about the service or even if they are still in business. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown DIGGING DOG NURSERY PO Box 471A Albion CA 95410 (707) 937-1130 Grasses, vines, trees and shrubs, perennials. Catalog $2.00. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HOWARD DILL RR1 Windsor, NS B0N 2T0 Phone: (902)798-2728 Pumpkin seeds, including 'Atlantic Giant' which produces 800 lb world record pumpkins. Free. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown DIXONDALE FARMS PO Box 127 Carrizo Springs Tx 78834 (210) 876-2430 Onion plants, lots of them. Free catalog Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown DOMINION SEED HOUSE Box 2500 Georgetown, ON L7G 5L6 Phone: (905)873-3037 or 1-800-567-4594 Extensive listings of flowers, vegetables, bulbs, plants and tools. Fall bulb catalogue. Free Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety; unknown DOOLEY GARDENS 210 North High Drive Hutchinson, MN 55350 Phone: unknown Chrysanthemums listings. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown DOROCO SEEDS P.O. Box 352 Loveland, CO 80539-0352 Phone: unknown Rare houseplants and flower seeds, books. Catalog $2 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown DOUBLE D-LITE GARDENS 3008 64th St. Brooklyn Center, MN 55429 Phone: unknown Daylilies and iris listings. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown DRAPER SEED DISTRIBUTOR ($1 cat) P.O. Box 825 Hildale, UT 84784 (800) 266-2685 Houseplants. Hypoestes, Chinese Fly-Catching Vine, Sensitive Plant, etc. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown DRAYCOTT GARDENS 16815 Falls Road Upperco, MD 21155 (410) 374-4788 Siberian Iris. Catalog $1 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown DRIPWORKS 380 Maple St. Willits , CA 95490. phone/fax: (707) 459-6323 Supplies, Equipment. This company has a really good catalog of drip (irrigation) systems. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown DUSTY'S HYBRID AFRICAN VIOLETS Box 56538 Woodbridge, ON L4L 1B1 Phone: unknown Standard, miniature, variegated, and trailing African violets. Two first-class stamps for catalog. Quality; unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown DUTCH GARDENS INC PO Box 200 Adelphia, NJ 07710 (908) 780-2713; fax (908) 708-7720 Good selection of basic Holland bulbs; good prices, esp in quantity (group order program esp.). Excellent color catalog with pictures of all cvs. Quality: excellent Price: $$$ Service: excellent Variety: excellent EARLY BIRD ECOLOGY & BAIT FARMS INC. RR1 Smithville, ON L0R 2A0 Phone: (905)643-4252 Indoor composters, redworms, worm castings and worm books. Free Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown EARLY'S FARM AND GARDEN CENTRE INC. 2615 Lorne Ave. Saskatoon, SK S7J 0S5 Phone: (306)931-1982, Fax: (306)931-7110 Flower and vegetable seeds for the prairies. Also seed potatoes, lawn seed, garden tools, supplies, pots. Free. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown EASTERN PLANT SPECIALTIES Box 226 Georgetown, ME 04548 (207) 371-2888 Have lots of trees and shrubs not found other places; some perennials. Broad selection of natives and wildflowers /woodsy type plants.Tremendous range of prices. Quality: Excellent Price: $ - $$$$ Service: Excellent Variety: Excellent EASTVILLE PLANTATION P.O. Box 337 Bogart, GA 30622 (800) 334-3001 Fruit - fruits, nuts, and berries. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ECLIPSE FARMS P.O. Box 459 High Ridge, MO 63049 (314) 677-3619 Tropical. Catalog $2. Anigozanthos, Callistemon, Protea, 2500 seed varieties, 150 plant varieties Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ECOGENESIS 16 Jedburgh Rd. Toronto, ON M5M 3J6 Phone: unknown Untreated insect and disease resistant vegetable seeds for organic gardens. $2 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown EDGEWOOD FARM NURSERY RR2 Box 303 Stanardsville, VA 22973 (804) 985-3782 Unusual herbs and perennials. Catalogue $2 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown EDIBLE LANDSCAPING P.O. Box 77 Afton, VA 22920 (804) 361-9134 Fruit trees. 16-page color catalog. Free. If they don't have it, it probably is not an uncommon fruiting plant that you need- excellent varieties of figs and citrus, but also super mulberries, persimmons, paw paws, juneberries, jujubes, and much more. Quality: Excellent Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Excellent EDMUND'S ROSES 6235 SW Kahle Road Wilsonville OR 97070 Phone: unknown Roses. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ENCHANTED VALLEY GARDENS 9123 N Territorial Rd Evansville WI 53536 (608) 882-4200 FAX (608) 882-6947 Daylilies. Free list. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ENDANGERED SPECIES Box 1830 Tustin, CA 92681-1830 (714) 544-9505 Rare, tropical. Specializes in bamboos, cycads, palms and the like. Catalog is $6, but wonderfully unique. Quality: Excellent Price: $$$ Service: Good Variety: Excellent ENGLERTH GARDENS 2461 22nd St., Rt 2 Hopkins, MI 49328 Phone: unknown Mostly daylilies and iris listed. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ENSATA GARDENS 9823 E. Michigan Ave. Galesburg, Michigan 49053 (616) 665-7500 Japanese Iris. Catalog $2 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown THE ENVIRONMENTAL COLLABORATIVE P.O. Box 539 Osseo, MN 55369 Phone: unknown Trees and shrubs - Deciduous, evergreen. Some fruit. Listings. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ENVIROSCAPES 1213 5th Ave So. Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 0V6 (403) 327-1902 Natives - Specializing in a variety of native Albertan grass seeds and wildflowers. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown EPI WORLD 10607 Glenview Ave., Dept. AH Cupertino, CA 95014 Phone: unknown Epiphyllum cactus. Catalog $2 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ERICACAEA P.O. Box 293 Deep River CT 06417 Phone: unknown David Leach hybrid rhododendrons, free list. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ERIKSON'S DAYLILY GARDENS 24642 51st Ave. Langley, BC V2Z 1H9 Phone: (604)856-5758 Over 400 varieties. $2 refundable. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown EVERGREEN Y.H. ENTERPRISES Box 17538 Anaheim, CA 92817 Phone: unknown Vegetables - Specializes in oriental vegetables (16 varieties of Chinese cabbage). Good selection of other veggies. Catalog $1, but refundable on first order. They will ship to Canada. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: Good Variety: Good EXOTICA RARE FRUIT NURSERY 2508-B Vista Way Vista, CA 92083 (619) 724-9093 Fruit. Large SASE for catalog. A list member reported in May 94 that he had requested a catalog in Dec 93 but had not heard from them. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown EXOTICA SEED CO. 8033 Sunset Blvd, Suite 125 W. Hollywood CA 90046 Phone: unknown General seeds and plants. Chile peppers. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown EXOTICS HAWAII, LTD. PO Box 10416 Honolulu HI 96816 Phone: unknown Orchids, tropical plants and seeds. SASE for lists. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown FAIRWEATHER GARDENS PO Box 330 Greenwich NJ 08323 Phone: unknown Trees and shrubs. Descriptive catalog $3.00. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown FAIRYLAND BEGONIA AND LILY GARDEN 1100 Griffith Road McKinleyville, CA 95521 (707) 839-3034 Misc - Cat $0.50, refundable Begonias, Rex, tuberous, fibrous, hybrid, and hardy garden lilies Quality: unknown Price: $$$ - $$$$ Service: unknown Variety: Good FANCY FRONDS 1911 4th Ave. W Seattle, WA. 98119 Phone: unknown Specialize in ferns. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown FANCY HIBISCUS 1142 S.W. 1st Avenue Pompano Beach, FL 33060 (800) 432-8332 Tropical - Prop Winn Soldoni. 250+ different varieties, all plants $12.50 each. Catalog $2.50. Getting plants to Canada is difficult, but Canadians may wish to call and see if arrangements can be made. Quality: unknown Price: $$$ Service: unknown Variety: Excellent FANTASY FARMS NURSERY Box 157 Peck, ID 83545 Phone: unknown Trees and shrubs. Evergreen tree listing. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown FAR NORTH GARDENS Box 126 New Hudson, Michigan 48165-0126 (810) 486-4203 Specializes in primula plants and seeds, many varieties. Cat $2.00. Will ship to Canada Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: Good Variety: Good (primulas) FAR WEST FUNGI PO Box 428 San Francisco, CA 94083 Phone: unknown Supplies for mushroom growing. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown FEDCO SEEDS P.O. Box 520 Waterville ME 04903 (207) 873-73333 General. Veg, herb and flower seeds, selected for flavor, productivity and suitability to northeastern U.S. climate. Catalog $2. Will ship seeds to Canada. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown FERNCLIFF GARDENS 8394 McTaggart St. SS1 Mission, BC V2V 6S6 Phone: (604)826-2447, Fax: (604)826-4316 Gladiola, irises, peonies, daylilies and new dahlias. Free. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown T. D. FIELD FERNS & WILDFLOWERS 395 Newington Rd Newington NH 03801 (603) 436-0457 Wildflowers, ferns. Free list. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown FIELDSTONE GARDENS, INC. 620 Quaker Lane Vassalboro ME 04989 (207) 923-3836 Perennials. Descriptive catalog $1.50. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown FILAREE FARM Route 1, Box 162 Okanogan, WA 98840 (509) 422-6940 Catalog $2; specialize in garlic only (more than 300 varieties). The owner has also written an excellent book on growing garlic. They give a family tree of the garlic varities, have precise descriptions of the different varities including taste and keeping qualities. Small lots and bulk. Quality: Excellent Price: $$ Service: Excellent Variety: {Garlic only} FISCHER GREENHOUSES Poplar Ave & Blackman Rd. Linwood, N.J. 08224 Phone: unknown Houseplants. Specialists in African Violet plants and products. Some photos. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown FISH LAKE GARLIC MAN RR2 Demorestville, ON K0K 1W0 Phone: (613)476-8030 More than 20 varieties of organically grown garlic. Seeds, bulbs, and growing info. $2 with SASE. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown PHYLLIS FLECHSIG CACTI & SUCCULENT 619 Orpheus Ave. Encinitas, CA 92024 Phone: unknown Cactus and succulents. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown FLEUR D'EAU INC. 6 Route 237 , Box 120 Standridge East, PQ J0J 2H0 Phone: (514)248-7008, Fax: (514)248-4623 Aquatic plants, liners, pumps, everything for water gardens. $4 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown FLORIBUNDA PALMS P.O. Box 635 Mt. View, HI 96711 Phone: unknown Tropicals. SASE legal-size for list. 150+ spp, specializing in palms from S.Pacific, Madagascar, Australia and Hawaii Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown FLOWER SCENT GARDENS 14820 Moine Rd Doylestown OH 44230 Phone: unknown Fragrant perennials. Catalog $1.00, refundable. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown FLOWERPLACE PLANT FARM P.O. Box 4865 Meridian, MS 39304 (800) 482-4686 Perennials, wildflowers, herbs, and ornamental grasses. Catalog $3 Quality: Good Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Good FLOWERS & FRIENDS MINIATURE ROSES 9590 100th St SE Alto, MI 49302 (616) 891-1226 Miniature roses. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown FLOWERTOWN BONSAI 207 E. Luke St Summerville SC 29483 (803) 821-8347 Bonsai. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown THE FLOWERY BRANCH P.O. Box 1330-HC6 Flowery Branch, GA 30542 (404) 536-8380 Fax: (404) 532-7825 Ornamental. Seeds of herbs, everlastings (separate colors), medicinal and unusual ornamentals and edibles. This is a collector's catalog and prices seemed very reasonable. Catalog $2 Quality: unknown Price: $ Service: unknown Variety: unknown FOLIAGE GARDENS 2003 128th Ave. SE Bellevue, WA 98005 (206)747-2998 Ornamental - Hardy and exotic sporegrown ferns. Also, Japanese maple cultivars. 12-page typewritten catalog $1, has brief descriptions, and one page of color pictures. Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Good FORESTFARM 990 Tetherfine Road Williams, OR 97544-9599 (503)846-7269 Ornamental - Extensive catalog $3; woody plants, ferns, grasses, perennials. They do ship to Calif. & Canada observing required restrictions. Canadians: when they send a catalog, they provide special instructions. Quality: Excellent Price: $$ Service: Excellent Variety: Excellent FORESTLAKE GARDENS LOW Box 535 Locust Grove, VA 22508 Phone: unknown Seeds and plants of daylilies. Photos and descriptions. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown FOREVERGREEN FARM 70 New Gloucester Road North Yarmouth ME 04021 (207)829-5830 fax: 207-829-6512 Roses. Suzanne Verrier, proprietor. Catalog $1: they have old fashioned, shrub and hardy roses. They have many Griffith Buck hybrids. Another small catalog, with the feel of dedicated persons behind it. Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: unknown FOUR SEASONS NURSERY Dept. 9, 1706 Morrissey Dr. Bloomington, IL 61704 (309) 663-9551 Ornamental, fruit. Four Seasons sells a wide variety of nursery stock, like trees and shrubs, and bulbs. They also have a limited selection of garden supplies. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown FOX HILL NURSERY Lunt Rd Freeport ME 04032 (207)729-1511 Own-root lilacs, more than 50 vars. Catalog $2.00. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown FOX HOLLOW HERB & HEIRLOOM SEED CO. P.O. Box 148 McGrann, PA. 16236 Phone: unknown General. All kinds of heirloom veg.seeds, a lot offer .35 samplers or .75 packets, some are .95 to $1.20. Tell how and when to plant on each one. Flowers same price and many 'esoteric' ones along with Latin name Quality: unknown Price: $ Service: unknown Variety: unknown THE FRAGRANT PATH P.O.Box 328 Fort Calhoun, Nebraska 68023 Phone: unknown All sorts of fragrant flowers & herbs. Seeds of fragrant varieties as well as old fashioned scentless varieties. Catalog $1 Quality: Excellent Price: $ (most flower seeds are $1, herbs are $.75) Service: Excellent Variety: Excellent FRENCH'S BULB IMPORTER street address unknown Pittsfield, VT. 05762-0565 Phone: unknown Many species and unusual bulbs.Short descriptions. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown FRON NURSERY Fron Issa, Rhiwlas, Oswestry, United Kingdom SY10 7JH (+44) 69176 605 Trees and Shrubs. Unknown about shipping outside the U.K. Prices seem relatively cheap, but most specimens are small. Quality: Unknown Price: $$ Service: Average Variety: Good FROSTY HOLLOW NURSERY Box 53 Langley, WA 98260 Phone: unknown Sells trees and shrub seed in large and small quantities. Order deadlines. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown FRUITLAND NURSERY 12571 Red Hill Ave. Tustin, CA 92680 Phone: unknown Bamboo source; send $1 and SASE for cat. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown MILES W FRY & SONS 300 Frysville Rd. Ephrata, PA. 17522 Phone: unknown Some deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs, and groundcovers. Listings. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown FUNGI PERFECTI PO Box 7634 Olympia WA 98507 (206) 426-9292, FAX (206) 426-9377 Mushrooms. Shiitake, oyster, morels, reishi, and king stropharia. Extensive line of spawn and supplies. Free brochure for SASE, or send $3.00 for 80-page color catalog. Takes credit cards. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown GARDEN CITY SEEDS 1324 Red Crow Road Victor, MT 59875 (406) 961-4837 Vegetables. Hardy varieties, many are heirloom, organic and/or open- pollinated. Roots and tubers. Free catalog. Will ship seeds to Canada. Quality: Good Price: unknown Service: Good Variety: unknown GARDEN OF DELIGHT 2018 Mayo St Hollywood, Fl 33020 Phone: unknown Palms, rare tropical and sub-tropical fruit. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown GARDEN OF DELIGHTS 14560 SW 14th Street Davie, FL 33325 (305)370-9004 The Cormans, Murray & Debby. featuring a unique selection of palms, rare fruit trees and horticultural curiosities - we ship worldwide Rare. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown GARDEN PERENNIALS Rt 1 Wayne, NE 68787 Phone: unknown Perennial plants, especially daylilies listed.($1) Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown GARDEN PLACE 6780 Heisley Rd., P.O. Box 388 Mentor, Oh 44061-0388 Phone: unknown Extensive listing of perennial plants. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown GARDENER'S EDEN P.O. Box 7307 San Francisco, CA 94120-7307 (800)822-9600 Cust. Service: 1-800-822-1214 Fax: (415) 421- 5153 Supplies, equipment. Mostly upscale garden-stuff, like furniture, birdhouses, and so forth. No plants to speak of. Quality: Good Price: $$$ Service: Good Variety: Good (for supplies) GARDENER'S SUPPLY COMPANY 128 Intervale Rd. Burlington VT 05401 (800) 444-6417 Outside US: (802) 863-1700 TDD: (802) 660- 3530 Fax: (802) 660-4600 Garden supplies, equipment, greenhouses, plant foods. Emphasizes organics, but not rigid about it. At one time it was connected with National Gardening. Quality: Excellent Price: $$ Service: Good Variety: Excellent GARDENIMPORT INC PO Box 760 Thornhill, Ontario, Canada L3T 4A5 Phone: unknown Cat $4 English perennials, lilacs, bulbs, seeds; N. Am. agents of Suttons Seeds of Great Britain; some European cvs.In the perennial line, it distributes a lot a material from Adrian Bloom (Bressingham gardens, in England). It always has a limited, but fine, selection of clematis; of rarities like Arisaema amurense, A. consanguineum, A. candidissimum.Will ship to U.S. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown GARDENS ALIVE 5100 Schenley Place Lawrenceburg IN 47025 (812) 537-8650 Fax: (812) 537-5108 Supplies, equipment for organic gardeners. Quality: Excellent Price: $$ Service: Excellent Variety: Good GARDENS NORTH 5984 Third Line Road, R.R. 3 North Gower, Ontario, Canada K0A 2T0 (613) 4890065 Cat $4. 800 varieties of perennials from seed, selected for hardiness, and hard-to-find varieties. Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: Excellent Variety: Excellent GARDENS OF THE BLUE RIDGE P.O. Box 10 Pineola, NC 28662 Phone: unknown Specialize in native Southeast plants, trees and shrubs.Descriptions and some photos.($2) Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown GARDENWORKS P.O. Box 1357 Ukiah CA 95482 Phone: unknown Bonsai and rock garden plants. Catalog $1.00. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown GAYBIRD NURSERIES PO Box 42 Wawanesa, Manitoba Canada R0K 2GO Phone: unknown Lilies specialist Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown GAZE SEED CO P.O. Box 640, 9 Buchanan St St John's, NFLD, Canada A1C 5K8 (709) 722-4590, FAX: (709)722-9945 Vegetables and flowers seed, turf grass and bulbs. Catalog $2 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown D.S. GEORGE NURSERIES 2491 Penfield Rd. Fairport, NY 14450 Phone: unknown Descriptions of many varieties of clematis Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown GILBERG PERENNIAL FARM 2906 Ossenfort Rd. Glencoe, MO 63038 Phone: unknown Perennial plants including bamboo, grasses, vines and shrubs. Descriptions($2) Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown GILES RAMBLIN' ROSES 2968 SR 710 Okeechobee, FL 34974 (813) 763-6611 Roses. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown GILSON GARDENS Dept. H, P.O. Box 277 Perry, OH 44081 Phone: unknown Hardy cactus Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown GIRARD NURSERIES P.O. Box 428 Geneva, Ohio 44041 (216) 466-2881 Trees and shrubs, and tree seeds Quality: Good Price: $$ Service: Good Variety: Good GLADSIDE GARDENS 61 Main St Northfield, MA 01360. Phone: unknown List $1 gladiolas, dahlias, cannas, unusual bulbs Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown GLASSHOUSE WORKS P.O. Box 97, Stewart, OH 45778-0097 (614) 662-2142 Catalog $1.50. Has variety of herb seeds, grasses, plants, some tropical. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown GOING BANANAS 24401 SW 197th Ave. Homestead, FL 33031-1174 (305) 247-0397 fax:(305) 247-7077. Bananas. Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Good GOLDEN BOUGH TREE FARM Box 99 Marlbank, ON K0K 2L0 Phone: unknown Shade, flowering, fruit and nut trees. Winter hardy exotic evergreens. $2/2yrs Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown GOODWIN CREEK GARDENS Box 83 Williams, OR 97544 (503) 846-7357 Wide variety of perennials, everlastings, herbs, seeds and plants. A good source for lavender. Catalog $1. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown GOSSLER FARMS NURSERY 1200 Weaver Rd. Springfield, OR 97478 (503) 746-3922 or 747-0749 Tropical, trees and shrubs, rare. Embothrium (Proteaceae). Magnolia, Kalmia, other rare shrubs and trees. Catalog $2 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown GOTTARD NURSERY RR2 Dalkeith, ON K0B 1E0 Phone: (613) 874-2304 Trees and shrubs hardy to eastern Ontario. $2 refundable Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown GOURMET GARDENER 8650 College Blvd Overland Park, Kansas 66210 (913)345-0490 150 varieties of hard-to-find herbs, vegetables and edible wildflowers. $2 refundable. On the Web - http://metroux.metrobbs.com/tgg/ Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown GOURMET MUSHROOMS PO Box 515F Graton, CA 95444 Phone: unknown Morel mushroom spawn Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown RUSSELL GRAHAM, PURVEYOR OF PLANTS 4030 Eagle Crest Rd NW Salem OR 97304 Phone: unknown Ornamentals. Listed as a source for woodland Anemones. Also, other perennials and bulbs. Catalog $2.00. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown GREAT BASIN NATIVES 770 W 400 S Provo UT 84601 Phone: unknown Natives - plants from the Great Basin. Catalog $1.00. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown GREEN SPOT 93 Priest Road Barrington NH 03825 (603) 942-8925, FAX (603) 942-8932 Beneficial insects with much info on how to set up beneficials in your garden Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown GREEN ESCAPE P.O. Box 1417 Palm Harbor, FL 34682 (813)784-1991 FAX:(803) 787-0193 Tropical. Catalog $6. The largest variety (300+ species) of mail order palms. Palms tend to be on the small side. Good cultural tips. Quality: Good Prices: $$ - $$$ Service: Excellent Variety: Excellent GREENLADY GARDENS 1415 Eucalyptus Drive San Francisco, CA 94132 (415) 753-3332, Ornamental. "Trying to contact them by phone would have made Job glad for the few paltry tests to which he was subjected. But the following year another catalog duly rolled in, I duly ordered from it, and although it took quite an extended time, I got everything I ordered in good condition." Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown GREENLEE NURSERY 301 E. Franklin Avenue Pomona CA 91766 (909) 629-9045 FAX: (909) 620-9283 Catalog $5, price list free. Has a list with about 150 varieties of ornamental grasses and their performance under western growing conditions. Will ship to Canada but no plants to Hawaii. Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Excellent GREENWOOD DAYLILY GARDENS 5595 E.7th St. #490 Long Beach, Ca 90804 (310)494-8944 Fax (310)494-0486 Daylilies. Catalog and an illustrated poster is $ 5.00 but deductible from the first purchase. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: Good GREER GARDENS 1280 Goodpasture Island Rd Eugene OR 97401 (800) 548-0111 Ornamental - Rhododendrons, azaleas, trees and shrubs, vines, and bonsai stock. Catalog $3.00 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown GRIGSBY CACTUS GARDEN 2354 Bella Vista Dr. Vista, CA 92084 Phone: unknown Cactus. Catalog $2. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown GRIMO NUT NURSERY 979 Lakeshore Rd. RR3 Niagra-on-the-Lake, ON L0S 1J0 Phone and fax: (905)935-6887 Grafted nut trees, seedlings, minor fruits. $2 refundable Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown GROWER'S SERVICE CO. PO Box 445-A Hartland, MI 48353 (810) 632-6525 fax (810)632-6566 Ornamental - Bulbs, perennials, daylilies, orchids, herbs. Membership $5 deductible Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown GURNEY'S 110 Capital Street Yankton, SD 57079 (605) 665-1930 A basic seed and plant catalogue. A couple complimentary comments from Gardens members. Quality: Good Price: $$ Service: Good Variety: Good HABITAT PLANTS 9730 Center Valley Rd Sandpoint ID 83864 (208) 265-5873 Uncommon trees and shrubs for colder climates. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HALIFAX SEED CO. INC Box 8026, 5860 Kane St. Halifax, NS B3K 5L8 (902) 454-7456 Established 1886. Flower, herb, and vegetable seeds; bulbs, roses, perennials, seed kits, more. Free catalog. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HALIFAX SEED CO. INC Box 2021, 664 Rothesay Ave. Saint John, NB E2L 3T5 (506) 633-2032 Established 1886. Flower, herb, and vegetable seeds; bulbs, roses, perennials, seed kits, more. Free catalog. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HAMLET & GARNEAU INC 933 Michelin Laval PQ H7L 5B6 (514) 629-1776, FAX (514) 629-1197 Pond supplies - plants, pump equipment, koi, fish food and more. Free catalog Quality; unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HAND ROSES Rt. 2, Box 611 Tyler, TX 75704 Phone: unknown Roses. Mostly hybrid teas and floribundas listed Quality: Average Price: $$ Service: Average Variety: Average HARBORCREST GARDENS Box 5430, Stn. B Victoria, B.C. V8R 6S4 Phone: unknown Houseplants. Free catalog. New info (Aug 94) says they carry mostly African violets with a limited guarantee. They do not ship to the U.S. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HARDY ROSES FOR THE NORTH Box 2048C Grand Forks, British Columbia, Canada V0H 1H0 (604) 443-8442 Fax: (604) 442-2766 Cat $2 deductible. Own root roses. Ag Canada Explorer and Parkland series, a few English, rugosas and minis too. This is the Canadian address, there is an U.S. one as well. Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: unknown HARDY ROSES FOR THE NORTH Box 273 Danville, WA 99121-0273 (800) 442-8122, fax (800) 442-3122 Cat $2 deductible. Own root roses. Ag Canada Explorer and Parkland series, a few English, rugosas and minis too. This is the U.S. address, there is a Canadian one as well. Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: unknown HARRIS SEEDS PO Box 22960 Rochester NY 14692 Phone: unknown General vegetable and flower seeds. Free catalog. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HARTMANN'S PLANTATION INC Box E, 310 60th Street Grand Junction, MI 49056 (616) 253-4281 Edible fruit and ornamental plants, blueberries, and supplies. Free catalog Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: Good HAWAIIAN BOTANICALS 210 11771 King Rd. Richmond, BC V7A 3B5 Phone: unknown Exotic plants, Australian and tropical seeds. $1 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown HAWAIIAN GARDEN CENTRE AND NURSERY LTD. 140 Lake St. St. Catherines, ON L2R 5Y1 Phone: (905)684-9093 (905)684-1556, Fax: (905)988-5353 Specialists in water gardening, own acquatic nursery stock, bonsai. Free Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown HAWAIIAN PACIFIC EXOTICS 7860 Malahat Ave. Richmond, BC V7A 4H2 Phone: (604)275-0169 or 1-800-6656677 Over 60 plumeria hybrids, 20 anthuriums. $3 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown HEATHS-N-HEATHERS P.O. Box 850 Elma Wa 98541 Phone: unknown Misc - 100 varieties of heathers, SASE for list Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HEIRLOOM GARDEN SEEDS P.O. Box 138 Guerneville, CA 95446 Phone: unknown 400 old-fashioned flowers and herbs. Cat $4, will ship to Canada. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HEIRLOOM OLD GARDEN ROSES 24062 NE Riverside Drive St. Paul OR 97137 (503) 538-1576 Roses. Catalog $5, many color photos. Only old roses - no hybrid teas. Since they are a custom propagator, it may take some time to receive orders that are currently out of stock. Quality: Good Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HEIRLOOM SEEDS Box 245 West Elizabeth, PA 15088-0245 Phone: unknown General. Presumably heirloom vegetables, possibly flowers. Catalog $1.00. Quality: Good Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HELICONIA AND GINGER GARDENS P.O. Box 79161 Houston, TX 77279-9161 Phone: unknown Heliconias, gingers, related tropicals. $2 color sheet/list. Ship April through September Quality: unknown Price: $$$ - $$$$ Service: unknown . Variety: Fair HELICONIA HAUS 12691 S.W. 104th St. Miami, FL 33186 Phone: unknown Tropical heliconias. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HENRIETTA'S NURSERY 1345-E N. Brawley Fresno, CA 93722 Phone: unknown Catalog $.50. 1000 cactus varieties Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HENRY FIELDS 415 North Burnett Shenandoah, Iowa 51602 (605) 665-9361 Fax: (605) 665-2601 Customer Service: (605) 665-4491 General seeds, plants, bulbs. Photos, descriptions. Won't ship a lot of stuff to CA. Quality: Average Price: $$ Service: Average Variety: Average THE HERB FARM RR4 Norton, NB E0G 2N0 Phone: (506)839-2140 More than 80 herbs, scented geraniums and other plants. Hints on growing, harvesting and use are included in the catalogue. Catalogue and free seeds $5, price list $2 with SASE Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown HERBS-LICIOUS 1702 S. Sixth St. Marshalltown Iowa 50158 Phone: unknown Herbs. Catalog $2 refundable. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HERITAGE GARDENS 1 MeadowRidge Rd. Shenandoah, IA 51601-0700 Phone: unknown Perennials, roses and products. Photos and descriptions. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HERITAGE SEED PROGRAM RR 3 Uxbridge, Ontario, Canada L9P 1R3 Phone: unknown Similar to Seed Savers Exchange, but Canadian. Magazine published 3x year. Membership $18 Canadian, $18 U.S & foreign. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HERONSWOOD NURSERY 7530 288th Street NE Kingston WA 98346 (206) 297-4172 FAX: (206) 297-8321 Offer a good selection of rare and unusual trees and shrubs, vines, perennials and grasses.106-page catalog, $3.00, full descriptions, no pictures. Highly regarded. Quality: unknown Price: $ to $$ Service: unknown Variety: Good to Excellent HIDDEN GARDEN NURSERY 13515 SE Briggs Milwaukie, OR 97222-6117 Phone: unknown Miniature roses. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown A HIGH COUNTRY GARDEN 2902 Rufina Street Santa Fe NM 87501-2929 (800) 925-9387, Comments & Questions (505) 438-3031 Ornamentals, natives. This catalog is put out by Santa Fe Greenhouses, it's exclusively plants and they only ship to continental U.S. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HIGH COUNTRY ROSARIUM 1717 Downing Street Denver CO 80218 Phone: unknown Roses. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HIGHLAND SUCCULENTS 1446 Bear Run Rd Gallipolis, OH 45631 (614) 256-1428 fax (614) 256-1454 $2 catalog. Caudiciforms, Euphorbia, Pachypodium & much more. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HILDENBRANDT'S IRIS GARDENS HC 84, Box 4 Lexington, NE 68850-9304 Phone: unknown Ornamentals - Iris, oriental poppies, peonies, hostas and lilies listings. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HILLARY'S GARDEN PO Box 378 Sugar Loaf NY 10981-0378 Phone: unknown Perennials and herbs, organically grown. Catalog $2.00, refundable. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HISTORICAL ROSES 1657 West Jackson St. Painesville, OH 44077 (216) 357-7270 Roses - Listing of old roses and some hybrid teas. SASE for list. All roses $8.50 ea. (1994-1995) Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Fair HOLBROOK FARM & NURSERY 115 Lance Road, P.O. Box 368 Fletcher, NC 28732-0368 (704) 891-7790; FAX - (704) 891-1505 Primarly choice perennials, they also have a few shrubs and vines. Handsomely printed with many good color photographs, I keep this catalog on my reference shelf. They will ship to Calif., Oregon, & Washington, but only 2 times a year (Mar 1 & Oct 1) Quality: Good Price: $$ (average) Service: Good Variety: Excellent HOLIDAY CACTUS 101 County Line Rd. Griffin, GA. 30223 Phone: unknown Specialize in Christmas cactus. Photos and descriptions.($2) Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HOLLADAY JUNGLE P.O. Box 5727E Fresno, CA 93755 (209) 229-9858 Tillandsia (Bromeliads) Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HOLLAND BULB FARMS 423 Broad St., P.O. Box 220 Tatamy, PA 18085-0220 (800) 283-5082 Another bulb catalog. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HOLLAND BULB FARMS PO Box 127 Westwood, NJ 07676 Phone: unknown Dutch bulb importer Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HOLLY LANE IRIS GARDENS 10930 Holly Lane Osseo, MN 55369 Phone: unknown Species and bearded iris listings. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HOLLYVALE FARM Box 69 Humptulips WA 98552 (206) 987-2218. Misc - Unusual varieties of holly can be found here. They also send out cut holly for the holidays. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HOMEPLACE GARDEN P.O. Box 300 Commerce GA 30529 Phone: unknown Ornamental - Azaleas, rhododendrons, maples, kalmia, hostas, dwarf conifers. Also other rare plants including styrax, stewartia, gaultheria, and ferns. Catalog $2.00. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HOMESTEAD FARM (no street address) Owensville MO 65066 (314)437-4277 Ornamental - Daylilies, hosta, iris, peonies. Free catalogue Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HONEYWOOD LILIES Box 68 Parkside SK S0J2A0 (306) 747-3296 Lilies, perennials, peonies. Catalog $2, refundable. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HORIZON SEEDS P.O. Box 886 Hereford, TX 79045 (806) 258-7288 or 7280 General . Specializes in native grasses and wild-flowers; also sells hybrid corn and sorgham, legumes and cool season grasses. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown JERRY HORNE 10195 S.W. 70 St. Miami, FL 33173 Phone: unknown Tropical. SASE for list. Aroids, epiphytic ferns, staghorn ferns, palms, cycads. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HORTICA GARDENS Box 308 Placerville, CA 95667 Phone: unknown Specialize in Bonsai plants. Listings. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HORTICO 723 Robson Road, RR #1 Waterdown, Ontario, Canada LOR 2H1 (905) 689-9323, Fax: (905) 689-6566 Grows over 550 varieties of roses including many of the old fashioned and species roses. Also a perennial catalog - grasses, ferns, herbs, natives. Cat $3 each. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HORTICULTURAL ENTERPRISES P.O. Box 810082 Dallas, Texas 75381-0082 Phone: unknown Vegetables - Semillas Autenticas Mexicanas--especially peppers. (ed. note: I bet this means Authentic Mexican Seeds...) Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HORTICULTURAL SYSTEMS INC P.O. Box 70 Parrish, FL 34219 Phone: unknown Natives - Listing of native plants for coastal and freshwater environments. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HORTIGIFTS Box 551329 Dallas TX 75355-1329 Phone: unknown Houseplants. Caladium bulbs. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HOT SEEDS PO Box 497 Happy Camp CA 96039 Phone: unknown Vegetables. Ornamental edibles - herbs, flowers, peppers, tomatoes, or salads. Sampler $3.00. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HOWE SOUND SEEDS Box 109 Bowen Island, BC V0N 1G0 Phone: unknown Specializes in open-pollinated vegetable varieties grown in the Howe Sound region of B.C. during the late Victorian period (1885-1901). Send four first class stamps. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown HSU'S GINSENG ENTERPRISES P.O. Box 509 Wausau, WI 54402-0509 Phone: unknown Misc - Ginseng. $2 for booklet and price list Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown J.L. HUDSON, SEEDSMAN P.O. Box 1058 Redwood City, CA 94064 Phone: none Catalog $1. Flowers, veggies, books, trees and a special section of seeds from Mexico. All seeds are open-pollenated, public domain, and he encourages biodiversity. He ships to Canada. Quality: Good Price: $$ Service: Good Variety: Excellent HUFF'S GARDENS P.O. Box 187 Burlinggton, KS 66839 Phone: unknown Chrysanthemums - Extensive mum listings ($1) Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown HURONVIEW NURSERIES 6429 Brigden Rd RR1 Bright's Grove, ON N0N 1C0 Phone: (519)869-4689, Fax: (519)869-8518 Over 3000 orchids, supplies. Free list Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown HUROV'S TROPICAL SEEDS P.O. Box 1596 Chula Vista, CA 92012 Phone: unknown Tropical. One member said " Several years ago, I ordered seeds from Hurov's which never came. I called, wrote letters, got promises and excuses and rudeness, and eventually the seed. Not worth the hassle!" Quality: fair Price: fair Service: Poor Variety: fair IMPORTED DUTCH BULBS P.O. Box 32 Cavendish VT 05142 Phone: unknown Bulbs. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown IN PURSUIT OF PLANTS 119 Poppy Court Walnut Creek CA 94596 Phone: unknown Offers complete perennial gardens - plans and plants. Catalog $1.00. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown INTERMOUNTAIN CACTUS 2344 S. Redwood Rd. Salt Lake City, UT 84119 Phone: unknown Large SASE for catalog. Hardy cactus and a few agaves and yuccas. Field grown plants which are bare-rooted in the spring for shipping. Quality: Excellent Prices: $$ Service: Good Varieties Offered: Good INTERSTATE NURSERY P.O. Box 208 Hamburg, IA 51640-0208 Phone: unknown Irises and some bulbs. Photos. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown IRENE'S TOPIARIES 3045 N. Academy Sanger, CA 93657 (209) 875-8447 Misc- topiary. Prices run from $8.00 to $270.00. Unsure as of May 94 if the company is still good or if the prices are higher now. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown IRIS & PLUS 1269 Rte. 139, Box 903 Sutton PQ J0E 2K0 (514) 538-2048 Over 400 species of bearded iris, daylilies, hostas, astilbes, and unusual perennials. $2 refundable. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown IRIS TEST GARDEN 1010 Highland Park Dr. College Park, WA 99324 Phone: unknown Mostly novelty iris listings. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ISON'S NURSERY & VINEYARDS P.O. Box 190, 6855 Newnan Road Brooks, GA 30205 Phone: (404) 599-6970 or (800) 733-0324 Fruit - 16-page catalog with color pictures. Muscadine grapes and other fine fruits and berries for the Deep South. Also drip irrigation supplies. Ship plants Nov. 15 to May 15. Prices for muscadines: $1.40 to $6.00 per vine, depending on age. Quality: unknown Prices: $$ Service: unknown Variety: excellent J'S CUSTOM KOI PONDS 14050 FM 848 Whitehouse TX 75791 (903) 566-1171 Aquatic. Waterlilies, lotus, aquatic plants, koi, EPDM liners. SASE for list. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown J. W. JUNG SEED CO. 335 S. High St. Randolph, WI 53957-0001 (414) 326-4100(orders) (414) 326-3123(cust service) General - Since 1907. General seed/plant/supplies catalog. Nothing exotic. Features heirlooms and short season varieties. Free catalog Quality: Good Price: $ Service: Excellent Variety: Good JACKSON & PERKINS P.O. Box 1028 Medford, OR 97501 (800) 292-4769 Lots of roses, other perennials. Free catalog. Most comments are positive. Will not ship to Canada Quality: average Price: $$ Service: good Variety: good JACQUES AMAND P.O. Box 59001 Potomac MD 20859 Phone: unknown Bulbs; free catalog. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown JAPONICA 36484 Camp Creek Rd Springfield OR 97478 Phone: unknown Aquatic. Waterlilies, lotus, bog plants. SASE for list. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown JERIGAN GARDENS Rt. 6, Box 593 Dunn, NC 28334 Phone: unknown Daylilies and some iris and hosta listed. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown JOE'S P.O. Box 1867, Dept. H Vista, CA 92085-1867 Phone: unknown Cat $2. Cycads, palms, agaves, aloes, bromeliads, caudiciforms, dasylirions, nolinas. Small plants with some exceptions. Good deals. Quality: Good Price: $$ Service: Good Varities: Excellent JOHNNY'S SELECTED SEEDS 310 Foss Hill Road Albion, ME 04910-9731 (207) 437-9294 Highly recommended, especially for short-season crops. Veg, herb, flower and specialty seed. Free catalog with detailed cultural info. Will ship seeds to Canada. Quality: Good Price: $ Service: Good Variety: Good JOY CREEK NURSERY 20300 NW Watson Rd Scappoose OR 97056 Phone: unknown 1000 hardy perennials, incl. penstemons, dianthus, clematis, salvias and Northwest natives. Catalog $2.00, refundable. Quality: Good Price: $ - $$ Service: Good Variety: Good JUSTICE MINIATURE ROSES 5947 SW Kahle Rd. Wilsonville, OR 97070 (503) 682-2370 Miniature Roses. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown K&L CACTUS/SUCCULENT NURSERY 9500 Brook Ranch Rd. East Ione, CA 95640\ Phone: unknown Catalog $2. Cactus and succulents. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown KAPOHO PALMS PO Box 3 Pahoa HI 96778 (808) 936-2580 Tropicals. Palm and cycad seedlings. $1.00 for price list. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown KARTUZ GREENHOUSES 1408 Sunset Drive Vista, CA 92083 (619) 941-3613 Misc - Begonias, gesneriads, rare plants. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown KAW VALLEY ASPARAGUS FARM 1446 E. 1850 Rd. Lawrence, KS 66046 Phone: unknown Vegetables - They are commercial producers of asparagus and have been growing a huge you-pick operation for years. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown THE KELLEY FARM 15788 Kelley Farm Road Elk River, MN 55330 Phone: unknown Vegetable - The MN Historical Society uses them propagate and sell heirloom varieties of vegies and fruits. Apparently they provide seeds and advice on growing heirloom species (how to save seeds from open-pollinated plants) Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown KELLY'S PLANT WORLD 10266 E Princeton Sanger, CA 93657. Phone: unknown Price list $1, refundable. Cannas and other summer bulbs. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown KENT LILIES 2009 Edgewood Rd NE Grand Rapids, MI 49505 Phone: unknown Lilies. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown KESTER'S WILD GAME FOOD NURSERIES PO Box 516 Omro, WI 54963 Phone: unknown Natives. Cat $2 Specialist in species favored for food and cover by game animals Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown KILGORE SEED CO. 1400 W. First St. Sanford FL 32771 (407) 323-6630 Seeds for Florida, the Gulf Coast and sub-tropical and tropical climates. Primarily vegetables, few flower and herb seeds. Catalog $1 refundable. Will ship seeds to Canada. Quality: unknown Price: $ to $$ Service: unknown Variety: Fair to Good KING'S MUMS P.O. Box 368 Clements, CA 95227 Phone: unknown Chrysanthemums. Mum descriptions and photos. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown KLEHM NURSERY Rt. 5, Box 197 South Barrington, IL 60010 (312) 551-3715 Ornamental - Peonies, Hostas, Daylilies, Irises. Color catalog. Descriptions. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown V. KRAUS NURSERIES LTD. Box 180 Carlisle, ON L0R 1H0 Phone: (905)6894022 Hardy fruit trees, ornamental trees, evergreens, hedge plants, vines, shrubs, roses. $1 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown LAGENBACH Box 453 Blairstown, NJ 07825-0453 Phone: (800) 362-1991 Supplies, Equipment catalog. Top quality, though quite expensive. Quality: Excellent Price: $$$ to $$$$ Service: unknown Variety: unknown LAKELAND NURSERY P.O. Box 4 Hanover, PA. 17333-0004 Phone: unknown Trees and shrubs, fruit. Descriptions and some photos of shrubs, fruits and products. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown LAKESHORE TREE FARMS LTD. Box 2A RR3 Saskatoon, SK S7K 3J6 Phone: (306)382-2077, Fax: (306)382-6433 Saskatoon bushes, fruit and shade trees, perennials. $2 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown LAMB NURSERY E 101 Sharp Ave. Spokane, WA 99202 Phone: unknown Specialize in hardy perennials and rock garden plants. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown LARNER SEEDS P.O. Box 407, 235 Fern Rd Bolinas, CA 94924 Phone: unknown Natives. Catalog price 75 cents (may be more now) Larner specializes in seeds for the western landscape. Many will thrive under dry condiitons. Two pamphlets, Notes on Growing California Wildflowers and Notes on Natural Design are also available. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown LAURAY OF SALISBURY 432 Undermountain Rd. Salisbury, CT 06068 (203) 4352263 $2 Catalog; Orchids, Gesneriads, Begonias, cactus and succulents Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown LAURIE'S GARDEN 41866 McKenzie Hwy. Springfield, OR 97478 (503) 896-3756 Beardless iris (including 199 varieties of Japanese iris) and perennial listings. Quality: good Price: $$ Service: good Variety: good LEE VALLEY TOOLS LTD. 1080 Morrison Dr. Ottawa, ON K2H 8K7 Phone: 1-800-267-8767 or (613)596-0350, Fax: 1-800-668-1807 Unique, high quality, hard-to-find garden tools. Free Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown LENINGTON GARDENS 7007 Manchester Ave. Kansas City, MO 64133 Phone: unknown Many types of daylilies. Descriptions.20-page catalog listing approx. 1000 daylilies; no pictures; free. Most daylilies $4.00 to $6.00. Postage & Packing is $3, plus $0.25 per plant. Ship mid-April thru mid-June and mid- Aug. to Oct. 1. Quality: unknown Price: $ to $$ Service: unknown Variety: Excellent A.M. LEONARD, INC. P. O. Box 816, 241 Fox Drive Piqua, Ohio 45356 (800) 543-8955 or (513) 773-2694, Fax: (800) 433-0633 Free 80-page catalog. Large selection of tools and supplies. Many nurserymen, arborists, landscapers, and foresters use this resource regularly. They also sell to home gardeners. Prices reasonable to expensive, but most tools are high quality Quality: Excellent Price: $$ to $$$ Service: unknown Variety: unknown LES VIOLETTES NATALIA 124 Ch. Grapes Sawyerville, QC, Canada JOB 3A0 Phone: unknown Houseplants. Specializing in African Violets. Catalog $2.50. There is also an U.S. address Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown LES VIOLETTES NATALIA P.O. Box 206 Beecher Falls, VT 05902-0206 Phone: unknown Houseplants. Specializing in African Violets. Catalog $2.50. There is also a Canadian address Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown LES JARDINS D'OLIVIER 371 Route 132 Port Lewis, PQ J0S 1M0 Phone: (514)264-3536 Rare, heritage and unusual perennials and native plants. Business size SASE Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown LES JARDINS OSIRIS CP 336 Repentigny, PQ J6A 7C6 Phone: unknown Daylilies, hostas, Siberian irises, peonies. $2 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown LES VIOLETTES NATALIA 124 ch. Grapes Sawyerville, PQ J0B 3A0 Phone: (819)889-3235 1600 hybrid violets, 800 gesneriads, fragrant house plants, gardening supplies. $2.50 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown LIBERTY SEED COMPANY P.O. Box 806 New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663 (216) 364-1611 General - Vegetable and flower seeds Quality: Good Price: $ to $$ Service: Excellent Variety: Good THE LILY GARDEN 36752 SE Bluff Rd Boring OR 97009 Phone: unknown Lilies. Free catalog. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown THE LILY POOL 3324 Pollock Rd., RR2 Keswick, ON L4P 3E9 Phone: (905)476-7574 Pools, plants and equipment for ponds and water gardens. $2 refundable Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown LILYPONS WATER GARDENS P.O. Box 188 Brookshire Texas 77423-0188 (713) 934-8525. Aquatic. They sell water plants, equipment and fish. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown LIMEROCK ORNAMENTAL GRASSES RD1, Box 111C Port Matilda PA 16870 (814) 692-2272 Ornamental. Specializing in 100 varieties of grasses, some fall-blooming perennials and hardy ferns and bamboos. Norman Hooven is the owner; catalog is $2.50 and they do ship to Canada and overseas. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown LINDEL LILIES 5510-239th St. Langley, BC V3A 7N6 Phone: (604)534-4729 Asiatic, trumpet, oriental and species lilies. $2 refundable Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown LINDENBERG SEEDS LTD. 803 Princess Ave. Brandon, MB R7A 0P5 Phone: (204)727-0575, Fax: (204)727-2832 Flower and vegetable seeds, perennials and bulbs for the prairies. Free Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown LITTLE VALLEY FARM Rt. 3, Box 544, Snead Creek Rd. Spring Green, WI 53588 Phone: unknown Ornamental - Specialize in plants for birds and butterflies. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown LIVE OAK GARDENS Box 284 New Iberia, La 70560 Phone: unknown Bamboo source. send $1 and SASE for cat. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown LIVING PRAIRIE MUSEUM 2795 Ness Ave. Winnipeg, MB R3J 3S4 Phone: (204)832-0167 Seeds for prairie lily, prairie crocus, purple coneflower, prairie wildflower mixture and others. $1 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown LIVING STONES NURSERY 2936 N. Stone Tucson, AZ 85705 Phone: unknown Cactus and succulents category. Catalog $2; succulents: Lithops & Mesembryanthemum Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown LOCKHART SEEDS, INC. P.O. Box 1361, 3 North Wilson Way Stockton CA 95205 (209) 466-4401 General, wholesale. Basic vegetable, flower, and grass seeds; seems geared more toward the commercial customer but does sell in packet quantities. Some different varieties than the usual. Minimum order $10; foreign orders are welcomed Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Good LOEHMAN'S P.O. Box 871 Paramount, CA 90723 Phone: unknown Cactus Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown LOGEE'S GREENHOUSES 141 North St. Danielson, CT 06239 (203) 774-8038 fax (203) 774-9932 Rare plants; begonias and other exotic greenhouse plants. Extensive catalog. Quality: Good Price: $$ - $$$ Service: Good Variety: Excellent LONE STAR GROWERS 7960 Cagnon Rd. Box 220 San Antonio, Texas 78227 (512) 677-8020 Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown GILBERT R LONGORIA SEEDS P.O. Box 146 Mission, TX 78573-0146 (210) 585-3928 or (210) 585-4291 FAX: (210) 585-1053 Ornamental. Specialize in Texas natives. Also many other seeds, especially of woody plants, foliage plants, and wildflowers. Wholesale list available for those in the nursery trade. Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Good LOUISIANA NURSERY Route 7, Box 43 Opelousas, LA 70570 Phone: unknown Ornamental. Cat $3 (daylilies, LA iris); $5 (magnolias, trees, shrubs, vines); $3 (crinums & bulbs); refundable. You'll pay plenty once you add postage and packing fees. Quality: Excellent Price: $$$$ Service: Good Variety: Excellent LOWE'S OWN-ROOT ROSES 6 Sheffield Road Nashua, NH 03062 Phone: unknwon Roses Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown LYON TREE FARM OF CARMEL 2 Scarlett Rd. Carmel Valley, CA 93924 Phone: unknown Specialize in Western evergreen trees and shrubs. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown MAIL ORDER CLEMATIS 217 Argilla Rd. Ipswich, MA 01938-2614 Phone: unknown Clematis; catalogue $1.50 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown MAILORDER ASSOC OF NURSERIES Dept. PR1,8683 Doves Fly Way Laurel, MD 20723-1211. Phone: unknown Misc. For a copy of their 28-page, 1993 edition of The Complete Guide to Gardening and Landscaping by Mail, send $1.00 (Canadian gardeners, please remit $1.50) Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown MAITLAND GREENHOUSES Box 92 Maitlan, Hants Co., NS B0N 1T0 Phone: (902)261-2274, Fax: (902)261-2427 Over 350 selections of herb plants, seeds, scented geraniums. Free Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown MALLET COURT NURSERIES Curry Mallet, Taunton, Somerset, United Kingdom TA3 6SY (+44) 823 480748 fax : (+44) 823 481009 Trees and shrubs, especially Acer and Quercus, including many rare exotics. Can ship throughout EU, and will ship anywhere in world with phytosanitary certificate charged at cost. Quality: Average Price: $$$ Service: Average Variety: Excellent MANHATTAN FARMS 3088 Salmon River Rd. Salmon Arm, BC V1E 4M1 Phone: (604)379-2800 Specializes in seeds for city gardeners. Their motto is "feeding the world, body and soul, one balcony at a time". $2 refundable Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown MAPPLE FARM RR1 Hillsborough, NB E0A 1X0 Phone: (506)734-3361 Organically grown French shallots, Egyptian onions, potato onions, horseradish, short-season sweet potatoes, Jerusalem and Chinese artichokes, plastic mulch. Free with SASE Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown MAROUSHEK GARDENS 120 East 11th St. Hastings, MN 55033 Phone: unknown Perennials, especially hosta and clematis listed. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown MARYLAND AQUATIC NURSERIES 3427 N Furnace Rd. Janettsville, MD 21084 Phone: unknown Aquatic. Listing of water plants and some products.($1) Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown MASON HOGUE GARDENS 3520 Durham Rd. 1 RR4 Uxbridge, ON L9P 1R4 Phone: unknown Hardy, drought-tolerant perennials, clematis, perennial geraniums, pelargoniums. $2 refundable Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown MATSU-MOMIJI NURSERY P.O. Box 11414 Philadelphia PA 19111 (215) 722-6286 Trees and shrubs. Japanese maples, pines, bonsai. Catalog $2.00. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown MAXIM'S GREENWOOD GARDENS 2157 Sonoma St. Redding, CA 96001 Phone: unknown Many types of iris including Pacifics and Japanese listings. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown MCCLURE & ZIMMERMAN P.O. Box 368, 108 W. Winnebago Friesland, WI 53935 Phone: unknown Excellent list of bulbs, esp. species and uncommon cultivars; also uncommon species. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown MCCONNELL NURSERY street address unknown Port Burwell, ON N0J 1T0 (800) 363-0901 Roses, perennials, shrubs, evergreens. French and English catalogs. Free. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown MCDANIEL'S MINIATURE ROSES 7523 Zemco St. Lemon Grove, CA 91945 Phone: unknown Miniature roses. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown MCFAYDEN SEED CO 30 9th St, Box 1800 Brandon, MB, Canada R7A 6N4 (204) 725-7300 Fax (204)725-1888 General vegetable and flower seeds, plants, trees, shrubs and bulbs, supplies. A number of early varieties for those in the North. Catalog $2.00 Quality: Good Price: unknown Service: Excellent Variety: Good MCMATH'S DAFFODILS 6340 Francis Rd. Richmond, BC V7C 1K5 Phone: (604)277-8096 Order by end of July for fall planting. Price list free. Catalogue $3 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown MCMILLEN'S IRIS GARDEN RR1 Norwich, ON N0J 1P0 Phone: (519)468-6508 More than 1200 irises including Siberian, 75 daylilies. $2 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown MEADOWVIEW FARMS 1234 Wedgewood Dr. Eagle Point, OR 97524 Phone: unknown Catalog $3; rare and hard to find plants. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown MELLINGER'S 2310 W. South Range Rd North Lima, OH 44452-9731 (216) 549-9861 Ornamental plants and fruit trees. Also good for gardening supplies. Some compliments from Gardens members on their plants. Quality: Good Price: $$ Service: Good Variety: Good MERRY GARDENS P.O. Box 595 Camden, ME 04843 (207) 236-9064 Ornamental. Scented Geraniums, Herbs, Ivies, Fuchsias, Cactus, Oxalis, and houseplants. Free catalog with very brief descriptions. Ship mid-Mar. to mid-June and mid-Sept. to mid-Nov. Most plants $2.00 to $2.50 ea. Quality: Good Price: $ Service: Fair Variety: Fair to Good MESA GARDEN P.O. Box 72 Belen, NM 87002 Phone: unknown SASE for list; cactus, succulents, mesembryanthemum Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown MESSELAAR BULB CO. PO Box 269 Ipswich, MA 01938 Phone: unknown Bulbs. Good cvs of commonly available species Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown MEYER SEED CO. 600 South Caroline St. Baltimore, MD 21231 (301) 342-4224 General Seeds. Mostly vegetables, for Maryland and the Mid- Atlantic. Packets to pounds. Also supplies, bird seed. 32- page catalog with 5 pages color pictures. Free. Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Fair MICHIGAN BULB CO. 1950 Waldorf NW Grand Rapids, MI 49550 Phone: unknown Mostly bulbs. Caveat emptor - most Gardens members are uncomplimentary in the extreme. However, there are a couple who are quite happy with what they've received. Quality: Fair Price: $ Service: Fair Variety: unknown MICHIGAN MINIATURE ROSES 45951 Hull Rd. Belleville, MI 48111 (313) 699-6698 Miniature Roses. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown MIDWEST CACTUS P.O. Box 163A New Melle, MO 63365 Phone: unknown Catalog $1. Opuntia - winter hardy cactus Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown MIDWEST WILDFLOWERS Box 64 Rockton IL 61072 Phone: unknown Wildflower seeds, books. Catalog $1.00. They list approx 120 varieties - from common milkweed to more rare species (Dutchman's Breetches) includes butterfly weed and some herbs. You can request seeds not listed and they will try to find. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown MILAEGER'S GARDENS 4838 Douglas Avenue Racine, WI 53402-2498 (800) 669-9956 Ornamental. Perennials, roses, herbs, and woodland flowers. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown MILLAR MOUNTAIN NURSERY c/o Kathy Millar, RR3, 5086 McLay Rd. Duncan, BC V9L 2X1 Phone: (604)748-0487 Nurserygrown bog and species iris. $2 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown J.E. MILLER NURSERIES, INC. 5060 West Lake Road Canandaigua, NY 14424 Phone: unknown Trees and shrubs, vines, and ornamentals. A couple of complimentary comments on them from Gardens members. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: Good Variety: Good MILLER'S MANOR GARDENS 3167 E. US 224 Ossian, IN 46777 Phone: unknown Ornamental. A wide variety of iris, daylilies, and hosta. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown MILLER-BOWIE COUNTY FARMERS ASSN. P.O. Box 1110 Texarkana, TX 75502 Phone: unknown Misc. Unknown just what they offer though. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown MINI ROSE GARDEN 1043 Mini-Rose Bldg. Cross Hill, SC 29332 Phone: unknown Miniature Roses. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown MINI-ROSES P.O. Box 4255, Sta. A Dallas, TX 75208 Phone: unknown Miniature roses. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown MIREE'S 70 Enfield Ave. Toronto, ON M8W 1T9 Phone: (416)251-6369 Begonias, gesneriads. $2 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown MISSION BELL GARDENS 2778 West 5600 So. Roy, UT 84067 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown MISSOURI WILDFLOWERS NURSERY 9814 Pleasant Hill Rd. Jefferson City, MO 65109 (314) 496-3492 Natives - They deal only with native plants Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown GRANT MITSCH NOVELTY DAFFODILS PO Box 218 Hubbard, OR 97032 Phone: unknown Bulbs. Cat $3 refundable; Daffodil specialist/breeder; many cvs available here only Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown MOLDOVAN'S GARDENS 38830 Detroit Rd. Avon, OH 44011 Phone: unknown Daylilies and some hosta listings. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown MOORE WATER GARDENS Street address unknown Port Stanley, ON N5L 1J4 (519) 782-4052 Winter hardy and tropical waterlilies and bog plants, pools, pumps and fountains. Free catalog Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown MOOSEBELL FLOWER, FRUIT & TREE CO. Rt. 1, Box 240 St. Francis, ME 04774 Phone: unknown Ornamental. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown MORDEN NURSERIES Box 1270 Morden, MB R0G 1J0 Phone: (204)822-3311 Fruit and shade trees, shrubs. $2 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown MORNINGSIDE FARM NURSERY Rt. 1 Box 151 Morrelton, Ar 72110 Phone: unknown Bamboo source; send $1 and SASE for cat. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown K. MORRISON Box 4291 Blaine WA 98231 Phone: unknown Ornamental. XL blossoms of aster, dahlia, marigold, poppy, pansy, sunflower. $2/package, Wildflower mix $5 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown MOUNTAIN MAPLES PO Box 1329 Laytonville CA 95454 Phone: unknown Trees and shrubs. 100 cvs. Japanese Maples. Descriptive catalog $1.00. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown MOUNTAIN VALLEY SEEDS & NURSERY 1798 N 1200 E. Logan, UT 84321 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown MOWBRAY GARDENS 3318 Mowbray Lane Cincinnati, OH 45226 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown MT. LEO NURSERY P.O. Box 135 McMinnville, TN 37110 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown MULLIGAN SEEDS Box 700 Osgoode, ON K0A 2W0 Phone: unknown Seeds for wildflowers, lupines, black-eyed Susans,more. Catalog $1.50 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown MUMS BY PASCHKE 11286 East Main Rd. North East, PA 16428 Phone: unknown Chrysanthemums. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SANDY MUSH HERB NURSERY 316 Surrett Cove Rd. Leicester, NC 28748-9622 Phone: unknown Catalog $4, deductible from first order. Lots of herbs, perennials, other plants. Quality: Excellent Price: $$$ Service: Excellent Variety: Good MUSHROOMPEOPLE 560 Farm Road/PO Box 220 Summertown, TN 38483-0220 (615) 964-2200 An excellent place for mushroom growing supplies, and an informative catalog. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown MUSSER FORESTS, INC. P.O. Box 340 Indiana, PA 15710-0340 Phone: unknown Trees and shrubs. Bareroot hardwood and evergreen stock for mass plantings, lining out, or bonsai Quality: Good to Excellent Price: $ - $$ Service: Excellent Variety: Good (changes every year) NATIONAL ARBOR DAY FOUNDATION 100 Arbor Ave. Nebraska City, NE 68410 Phone: unknown Misc - All kinds of trees. The National Arbor Day Foundation is a nonprofit organization which promotes the planting of trees. They run frequent membership blitzes where they offer to send you 10 free trees for joining. They're all seedlings. Quality: unknown Price: $ Service: unknown Variety: unknown NATIONAL GARDENING COMPANY 217 San Anselmo Ave. San Anselmo CA 94960 (707) 766-9303 FAX: (707) 766-9747 Organic gardening products including organically grown seedlings of vegetables, flowers, and herbs; tools, irrigation and composting equipment, beneficial insects, organic fertilizers and pest controls, greenhouses, and wildflower seed Quality: unknown Price: $$$ Service: unknown Variety: Good NATIONWIDE SEED & SUPPLY 4801 Fegenbush Lane Louisville, KY 40228 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown NATIVE GARDENS Rt. 1, Box 494 Greenback, TN 37742 Phone: unknown Natives - Specialize in cultivated native plants and seeds of the Southeast. Listings.($1) Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown NATIVE SEED FOUNDATION Star Route Moyie Springs, ID 83845 Phone: unknown Natives - Sells seeds in pounds. Also has nuts and fruits. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown NATIVE SEEDS, INC. 14590 Triadelphia Mill Rd. Dayton, MD 21306 (301) 596-9818 Native and naturalized wildflower seed, primarily for the Northeast. Packets ($1.00) or pounds. Sells 29 varieties only, plus regional seed mixes. Free 8-page catalog includes descriptions, no pictures. Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Poor THE NATURAL GARDEN 38W443 Highway 64 St. Charles, IL 60175 (708) 584-0150 FAX (708) 5840150 Native Illinois plants. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown NATURAL INSECT CONTROL RR2 Stevensville, ON L0S 1S0 Phone: (905)382-2904 Beneficial insects, live animal traps, pheremone lures, organic kelp fertilizers, organic soil nutrients, herbal pet products, purplemartin houses, books. Free Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown NATURALLY SCIENTIFIC 726 Holocomb Bridge Road Norcross, GA 30071 (800) 248-9970 Environmentally responsible gardening products. earth- friendly, reduced & zero pesticide products. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown NATURE'S GARDEN P.O. Box 574 Scio, OR 97374-0574 Phone: unknown Ornamental. Listings of woodland and rock garden plants. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown E. B. NAUMAN, NURSERYMAN 688 St. Davids Ln Schenectady NY 12309 Phone: unknown Rhododendrons, Kalmia in small sizes for the collector. Free catalog. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown NEON PALM NURSERY 1560 Sebastopol Rd. Santa Rosa, CA 95407 Phone: unknown Catalog $1; hardy palms and other subtropicals Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown NETHERLAND BULB CO 13 McFadden Rd Easton, PA 18042 (800) 788-8547 Bulbs and plants. Color catalog. Quality: Fair Price: $$$ Service: unknown Variety: Good NEW ENGLAND BAMBOO CO. P.O. Box 358 Rockport, MA 01966 Phone: unknown Bamboo. Catalog $2.00; 21 spp hardy to zone 4-5 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown NEW HOLLAND BULB CO. P.O. Box 335 Rockport, IL 62370-0335 Phone: unknown Bulbs, and assorted perennials. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown NEW MEXICO CACTUS RESEARCH P.O. Box 787 Belen, NM 87002 Phone: unknown Seeds and plants of winter hardy cactus Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown NEW MEXICO DESERT GARDEN 10231 Belnap NW Albuquerque NM 87114 Phone: unknown Natives. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown NEW YORK STATE FRUIT TESTING COOP. ASSN P.O. Box 462 Geneva NY 14456 Phone: unknown Exact offerings are unknown. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown NEWARK NURSERIES P.O. Box 578 Hartford, MI 49057 (800) 253-2911 or (616) 621-3135 Many different varieties of fruit trees, sells in lots of 10 or more. Quality: unknown Price: $ Service: unknown Variety: Good NICHE GARDENS 1111 Dawson Rd Chapel Hill, NC 27516 (919) 9670078 Descriptions of a wide variety of perennial plants.(Catalog is $3). Quality: Excellent Price: $$ Service: Good Variety: Good to Excellent NICHOLS GARDEN NURSERY 1190 North Pacific Hwy NE Albany, OR 97321-4598 (503) 928-9280 Specializes in vegetable and herb seeds, though has a few plants, bulbs and tubers. Features plants for northwest. Lots of oriental greens. Will ship seeds to Canada. Free catalog. Quality: Good to Excellent Price: $ to $$ Service: Good to Excellent Variety: Good NOELS GARDEN SEEDS R.D. 2-ORG Oxford NY 13830 Phone: unknown General - Seeds for the Northeast and short-season home gardeners. Catalog $2. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown NOLIN RIVER NUT TREE NURSERY 797 Port Wooden Rd. Upton KY 42784 Phone: unknown Fruit. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown NOR'EAST MINIATURE ROSES, INC. P.O. Box 473 Ontario, CA 91762 (909) 984-2223 or (800) 662-9669 Specializing in miniature roses. Also have a location in Massachusetts (see above). Quality: Excellent Price: $$$ Service: unknown Variety: unknown NOR'EAST MINIATURE ROSES, INC. 58 Hammond St. Rowley, MA 01969 (800) 4266485 Specializing in miniature roses. Also have a location in Ontario, California (see below). Quality: Excellent Price: $$$ Service: unknown Variety: unknown NORTH AMERICAN WILDFLOWERS 38 Hillside Ave. Atlantic Highlands NJ 07716 Phone: unknown Wildflowers. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown NORTH COAST NURSERY P.O. Box 308 Bodega, CA 94922 Phone: unknown Catalog $1; specialist in Rhododendrons for warm climates Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown NORTHERN GARDENS 3328 SE Kelly Portland, Or 97202 Phone: unknown Bamboo source; Send $1 and SASE for catalog. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown NORTHERN KIWI NURSERY RR3, 181 Niven Rd. Niagra-on-the-Lake ON L0S 1J0 (905) 468-5483 Kiwis hardy to -40. Free catalog with descriptions and growing requirements. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown NORTHRIDGE GARDENS 9821 White Oak Ave., Dept.F Northridge, CA 91325 Phone: unknown Rare & unusual succulents. Cactus and succulent category. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown NORTHWOODS RETAIL NURSERY 27635 South Oglesby Canby, OR 97013 (503) 266-5432 FAX: (503) 266-5431 Fruit trees and berries, nut trees, bamboo, roses, vines, and several unique ornamentals, from Akebia to Wisteria. Kiwis, large bare-root plants. Quality: unknown Price: $$ to $$$ Service: unknown Variety: Good to Excellent NOURSE FARMS INC. 41 River Rd South Deerfield MA 01373 (413) 665-2658, fax (413) 665-7888 Fruit - Strawberries, raspberries, asparagus, etc. Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: Excellent Variety: Good NOWETTA GARDENS 900 Whitewater Ave. St. Charles, MN 55972 Phone: unknown Bulbs. Large selection of gladiolas. Many photos and descriptions. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown NUCCIO'S NURSERIES P.O. Box 6160, 3555 Chaney Trail Altadena CA 91001 (818) 794-3383 Growers of rare camellias and azaleas; hundreds of varieties. Ship January through November, recommend mid- October through March; do not ship Dec. 1 - Jan. 1. 60-page catalog. Quality: unknown Price: $$ - $$$ Service: unknown Variety: Excellent NURSERIES AT NORTH GLEN Rt. 2, Box 2700 Glen St. Mary, FL 32040 (904) 259-2754. 26 species of hardy palms and cycads for $6.00 - $15.00 plus UPS charges. Good healthy 1 gallon plants at a very fair price. Quality: Excellent Prices: $ Service: Excellent Varieties: Good OAK HILL GARDENS P.O. Box 25 Dundee IL 60118-0025 (708) 428-8500 FAX: (708) 428-8527 Orchids, Bromeliads, and tropical houseplants. Also, growing supplies and books. Free 62-page catalog has 7 pages of color pictures. Quality: unknown Price: $ to $$ Service: unknown Variety: Fair to Good OAKES DAYLILLIES Monday Road Rt. 4 Corryton TN 37721 Phone: unknown Specializing in daylilies. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown OAKWOOD DAFFODILS 2330 W Bertrand Rd Niles, MI 49120 Phone: unknown Bulbs. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown OHIO GARDENS 102 Laramie Road Marietta, OH 45750 Phone: unknown Miniature Tall Bearded Iris. Catalog $1 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown OIKOS TREE CROPS P.O. Box 19425 Kalamazoo, MI 49019-0425 (616) 342-6504 Trees and shrubs, fruit. - Chestnuts, filberts, native and exotic oaks and hybrid oaks. Unusual fruits like Saskatoon, quinces and service berry are available as well. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown OLD HOUSE GARDENS 536 Third Street Ann Arbor MI 48103 (313) 995-1486 Catalog $1. Devoted entirely to antique flower bulbs which were introduced to gardens from the 1500s through the 1920s. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown OLYMPIC COAST GARDEN 84 Eaton Lane Sequim WA 98382 Phone: unknown Perennials, incl. named Kniphofia vars. Descriptive catalog $1.00. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ONTARIO SEED CO. LTD. Box 7, 330 Phillip St Waterloo, ON N2J 3Z9 (519) 886-0557, FAX (519) 886-0605 100 yr old family business. Almost all seeds are untreated. Free catalog Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ORCHID GARDENS 2232 139th Ave NW Andover, MN 55304 Phone: unknown Listings of wildflowers, native ferns and shrubs ($.50) Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ORCHID HAVEN 900 Rossland Rd. E. Whitby, ON L1N 5R5 Phone: (905)668-8534 Orchids and how to grow them. Free Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown ORCHIDS BOUNTIFUL 828 W. 3800 South Bountiful UT 84010 Phone: unknown Orchid specialist Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ORCHIDS 'R' US 5808 SW 64th Place Miami, FL 33143-2055 (800) 862-1353 Specializing in custom orchid propagation, complete lab facility. Catalogs are available via email - Order the Orchid Flask Catalog and Orchid Planting supply catalog by sending your request to
[email protected] Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ORCHIDS ROYALE P.O. Box 1289 Carpenteria CA 93013 Phone: unknown Orchids. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown OREGON EXOTICS INC.RARE FRUIT NURSERY 1065 Messenger Rd. Grants Pass OR 97527 (503) 846-7578. Has hardy bamboo, and many kinds of rare and exciting edibles - fruit. I haven't ordered from them, but their catalog is a fascinating read. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown OREGON MINIATURE ROSES 8285 SW 185th Ave. Beaverton OR 97007 Phone: unknown Miniature roses. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown OREGON TRAIL DAFFODILS 41905 SE Louden Rd Corbett OR 97019 Phone: unknown Bulbs - Daffodils. Free catalog. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ORGEL'S ORCHIDS 18950 S.W. 136th St., RR 2 Miami FL 33187 Phone: unknown Orchids. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ORNAMENTAL EDIBLES 3622 Weedin Court San Jose, CA 95132 Phone: unknown Fruit, vegetables. Catalog $2 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown OUR KIDS' ORCHIDS & NURSERY 17229 Phil Peters Road Winter Garden, FL 34787 (407)877-6883 $1 for 18-page catalog. Tropical fruit trees, such as mamey, mango, custard apple, breadnut, macadamia, sugar apples, tropical black cherry, orchids, bananas, gingers, heliconias and citrus... in 1 and 3 gallon containers. Quality: unknown Price: $$$$ Service: unknown Variety: Good OWEN FARMS Rt 3, Box 158A Ripley, TN 38063 Phone: unknown Perennials, trees and shrubs. Descriptions Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown RICHARD OWEN NURSERY 2209 E. Oakland St. Bloomington IL 61701 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown OWENS ORCHIDS P.O. Box 365 Pisgah Forest NC 28768-0365 Phone: unknown Orchids. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown PACIFIC BERRY WORKS P.O. Box 54 Bow WA 98232 Phone: unknown Fruit. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown PACIFIC NORTHWEST SEED CO. INC. Box 460 Vernon, BC V1T 6M4 Phone: (604)542-5166 Flowers, vegetables, herbs. $1 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown PACIFIC TREE FARMS 4301 Lynwood Dr. Chula Vista, CA 92010 (619) 422-2400 They have more than the usual varieties [of tropical/subtropical fruit trees], including such rarities as Pinus maximartinezii, the Mexican Giant Cone Pinon, a pignola-producing, drought tolerant species, and a whole lot more Quality: unknown Price: $$$$ Service: unknown Variety: Excellent CARL PALLEK & SON NURSERIES Box 137 Virgil, ON L0S 1T0 Phone: (905)468-7262 Rose specialists, hybrid teas, floribundas, grandifloras, old garden roses, climbers, minis. Free Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown PALM NUTS 16651 Rembrandt Road Loxahatchee, FL 33470 (407) 793-9029 FAX: (407) 790-0174 Tropical. You mark the seeds you want from a list of all known species and send a deposit. They send the seeds as they collect them. Palm and Cycad seeds. Quality: Good Prices: $$ Service: Good Variety: Excellent PALMS FOR LANDSCAPING 6600 S.W. 45th St. Miami, FL 33155 Phone: unknown Palms. Large SASE for catalog Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown PALOS VERDES BEGONIA FARM 4111 242 St. Torrance CA 90505 (800) 349-9299 or (310) 373-9299, FAX: (310) 791-0856 Misc - Tuberous begonia and nerine bulbs. Take credit cards. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown PANDA PRODUCTS P.O. Box 104 Fulton CA 95434 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown PARADISE WATER GARDENS 14 May St. Whitman, MA 02382 Phone: unknown Aquatic. Extensive selection of plant and product descriptions. Some photos. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown PARK SEED CO. Cokesbury Road, PO Box 46 Greenwood, SC 29648-0001 (803) 223-7333 or (800) 845-3369 A good basic seed/plant catalog. Lots of seeds, vegetables, flowers, fruit, and ornamentals. Will ship seeds to Canada. Free catalog. Quality: Good Price: $$ Service: Good to Excellent Variety: Good PARKLAND PERENNIALS Box 3683 Spruce Grove, AB T7X 3A9 Phone and fax: (403)963-7307 Hardy Asiatic and maragon lilies, Siberian and bearded iris, daylilies, fern-leaf peony. Free Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown THEODORE PAYNE FOUNDATION 10459 Tuxford Street Sun Valley, CA 91352 (818) 768-1802 Natives. No plant mail order, but they can send seeds from their seed list which is $2. Seed list contains California native species only. Quality: unknown Price: $$ to $$$ Service: unknown Variety: Good PEACEFUL VALLEY FARM SUPPLY P.O. Box 2209 Grass Valley, CA 95945 (916) 272-4769 General. Organic, open-pollinated vegetable seeds, and bulk cover crops; wilflower, native grass and pasture seeds; bulbs, seed garlic, potatoes. Free catalog. Will ship seeds to Canada. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown PEACE SEEDS 2385 SE Thompson St Corvallis OR 97333 Phone: unknown Native plants. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown PEEKSKILL NURSERIES street address unknown Shrub Oak NY 10588 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown PEN Y BRYN NURSERY RR 1, Box 1313 Forksville PA 18616 Phone: unknown Pre-bonsai trees, 100 varieties. Free catalog. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown PEPPER GAL 10536 119 Ave N. Largo FL 34643 Phone: unknown Vegetables. Specializes in hot peppers, over 200 varieties as well as some books. Will ship to Canada. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown THE PERENNIAL CONNECTION PO Box 3002-115 Newburyport MA 01950 Phone: unknown Perennials. Descriptive list $1.00, refundable. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown THE PERFECT SEASON PO Box 191 McMinnville TN 37110 (615) 668-3225 Perennials, herbs, and garden accessories. Catalog $2.00, refundable. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown WH PERRON CP 408 (Succ. St. Martin) Ville de Laval, PQ H7S 2A6 (514) 682-9071 Untreated flower and vegetable seeds, bulbs, plants. Free catalog. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown PERRY'S WATER GARDENS 191 Leatherman Gap Rd Franklin NC 28734 (704)524-3264, fax (704)369-2050 Tropical water lilies and lotus, containers Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown PETER PAULS NURSERIES RD #2 Canandaigua NY 14424 (716) 394-7397 Misc - Carnivorous plants, terrarium kits. Offer plants, bulbs, and/or seeds of Drosera spp., Sarracenia (Pitcher plants), Darlingtonia, Drosophyllum, Pinguicula, Nepenthes mirabilis. 4-page color brochure, send SASE. Ship April - Nov. Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Good PICCADILLY FARM 1971 Whippoorwill Rd Bishop, GA 30621 (404) 769-6516 Please call at night Misc - Helleborous and Hosta. Free list. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown PICKERING NURSERIES 670 Kingston Road Pickering, Ontario, Canada L1V 1A6 (905) 839-2111 FAX (905) 839-4807 Roses. Specializing in old and antique roses. Also carries a complete selection of David Austin Roses. $3.00 for 68- page catalog with 36 pages of color pictures, 8 to a page. Listings only, with codes for type, color, etc. Most roses $8.00 or $8.50 ea Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Excellent PICOV'S GREENHOUSES 380 Kingston Rd. E. Ajax, ON Phone: (905)686-2151 Pond liners, pumps and all accessories. Also perennials, bonsai and accessories. Free Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown PIEDMONT GARDEN NURSERY 517 Piedmont St. Waterbury, CT. 06706 Phone: unknown Misc - Specialize in hostas. Listings Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown PIEDMONT PLANT CO. P.O. Box 424 Albany GA 31703 (912) 883-7029 FAX (912) 432-2888 Vegetables - Field grown vegetable plants. Free descriptive 12-page catalog. Min. order 12 plants per variety. Plants sold by the dozen, 50, 500, 1000. Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Fair PINE RIDGE GARDENS Route 1, Box 474 London, AR, 72847 (501) 293-4359 Only description available is that they offer some geranium species. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown PINETREE GARDEN SEEDS P.O. Box 300 New Gloucester, ME 04260 (207) 926-3400, FAX (207) 926-3886 General seeds and plants. Good seeds (many op) in small packets at very reasonable prices; small selection of bulbs (many row-run or smallish). Free catalog. No info on Canadian shipping. Quality: Excellent Price: $ Service: Excellent Variety: Good PLANT DELIGHTS NURSERY 9241 Sauls Road Raleigh, NC 27603 (919) 772-4794; FAX: (919) 662-0370 Ornamental. $2.00 for 118-page catalog with descriptions, often humorous; no pictures. Very wide range of perennials, including many hosta, native perennials, conifers, palms, aroids, woody lilies, ornamental grasses, groundcovers, and ferns. Quality: Excellent Prices: $$ Service: Excellent Variety: Excellent PLANT IT HAWAII PO Box 388 Kurtistown, HI 96760 (808) 966-6633 Tropical. Free catalog. Lists about 8 varieties of Carambola, including Arkin, the leading commercial variety. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown THE PLANT KINGDOM P.O. Box 7273 Lincoln Acres CA 92047 (619) 267-1991 Rare and exotic tropical plants, including an extensive collection of Passiflora, both flowering and fruiting. Also papaya, tree tomato, and pepino. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown PLANTS OF THE SOUTHWEST Agua Fria, Rt. 6, Box 11A Santa Fe, NM 87501 (800) 788- SEED, (505) 471-2212 , FAX (505) 438-8800 General seeds and plants. Carry plants for a desert climate. Full range of chili peppers up to and including the Habanero. Catalog $3.50, for price list send SASE. No info on Canadian shipping. Quality: Excellent Price: $$ Service: Average Variety: Excellent PLANTS OF THE WILD PO Box 866 Tekoa WA 99033 (509)284-2848 Native plants and ornamentals. Mostly trees and shrubs, but also wildflowers and grasses. Seed catalog separate. No info on Canadian shipment. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown PLEASANT HILL AFRICAN VIOLETS Route 1, Box 73 Brenham TX 77833 Phone: unknown Houseplants. African violets; catalog $1.50 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown PLEASANT VALLEY GLADS PO Box 494 Agawam, MA 01001 Phone: unknown Bulbs - Gladiolus, dahlia specialist Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown PLUMERIA PEOPLE 910 Leander Drive Leander, TX 78641 (512) 259-0807 Tropical. Catalog $2; Plumeria, Hibiscus, Bougainvillea, and many more;books, supplies Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown PONY CREEK NURSERY (street address unknown) Tilleda WI 54978 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown PORTAGE WILDFLOWERS RR4 Box 55 Portage la Prairie, MB R1N 3A4 Phone: (204)857-8071 Seeds and plants of wilflowers and native prairie grasses, books. $2 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown PORTER & SON P.O. Box 104 Stephensville TX 76401-0104 Phone: unknown General - Vegetable and flower seeds for Texas and the Southwest. Free catalog. No info on Canadian shipping. Also supplies, incl. drip irrigation, and books. Seeds sold in packets, oz., or lb. lots. Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Good PRAIRIE GROWN GARDEN SEEDS Box 118 Cochin, SK S0M 0L0 Phone: (306)386-2737 Organically grown seeds for short-season gardeners including citron, beans, corn, snap peas, quinoa, tomatoes, poppies. Send two first class stamps. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown PRAIRIE HABITATS Box 1 Argyle, MB R0C 0B0 Phone: (204)467-9371 Over 100 species of native grasses, shrubs and trees, Manitoba wildflowers, books on medicinal wild plants, wildflower identification, native plant landscaping. $2 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown PRAIRIE MOON NURSERY Route 3 Box 163 Winona, MN 55987 (507) 452-1362 FAX (507) 454-5238 Native seed and plants, in small and large quantities. 30- page catalog and cultural guide $2.00. Listings only, no descriptions, but they give cultural characteristics, etc. They grow their plants organically and collect their own seed by hand. All plant Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Excellent PRAIRIE NURSERY P.O. Box 306 Westfield, WI 53964 USA (608) 296-3679, FAX (608)296-2741 Natives. Cat. $3. It contains good information about establishing prairie and meadows. They also provide numerous native grasses. Seed and plants. Also books. 48- page catalog with more than 8 pages of color pictures.Ships to Canada Quality: Good Price: $$ to $$$ Service: Fair Variety: Good PRAIRIE SEED SOURCE P.O. Box 83 North Lake WI 53064-0083 Phone: unknown Natives. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown CHARLES E. PRASEK 15319 Vandelia Way Houston, TX 77053-2123 Phone: unknown Misc - Hybrid amaryllis, price list free. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown THE PRIMROSE PATH RD 2 Box 110 Scottdale PA 15683 (412) 887-6756 Ornamentals. Specialize in rock garden plants. Descriptions. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown PRISM PERENNIALS C45 S25 RR1 Castlegar, BC V1N 3H7 Phone: (604)365-3753 Perennials, species iris, daylilies, alpines, ornamental grasses. Free Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown PROTEA GARDENS OF MAUI R.R. 2 Box 389 Kula, Maui, HI 96790 Phone: unknown Tropical. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown QUALITREE NURSERY 11110 Harlan Rd. Eddyville OR 97343 (503) 875-4192 Offers tree seedlings in containers. Large quantities only (min.100). Ship Jan.-Feb.; SASE for list. Category trees and shrubs. Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Poor QUALITY DUTCH BULBS P.O. Box 225, 50 Lake Dr. Hillsdale, NJ 07642-0225 (215) 253-9570 Orders: 1-800-755-2852 Bulbs, mostly tulips. Short descriptions and photos. ($2) Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown RAINBOW GARDENS 1444 Taylor St Vista, Ca. 92084 (619) 758-4290 Cactus. Used to be the California Epi Center. Specializing in jungle cacti. 72 page catalog $2.00. Their prices seem very reasonable, and they sell cuttings as well as potted plants. Unfortunately, it's expensive for them to ship into Canada. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown RAINFOREST FLORA 1927 W. Rosecrans Ave. Gardena, CA 90249 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown, probably tropical. Large SASE for catalog Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown RAINFOREST GARDENS 13139-224th St. RR2 Maple Ridge, BC V2X 7E7 Phone: (604)467-4218 Shade-tolerant perennials, eryngiums, campanulas, heucheras, ornamental grasses and native plants. Organically grown. More than 700 species and cultivars. $3 refundable Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown RAINFOREST MUSHROOM SPAWN Box 1793 Gibsons, BC V0N 1V0 Phone: (604)886-7799 Morels, enokitake, shaggy mane, shiitake, etc. $2 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown RAINFOREST SEED CO. Box 241 San Jose 1017, Costa Rica Phone: unknown Tropicals. Catalog $3; Coffee, Scarlet Palm (Cyrtostachys ?), Bauhinia, Purple Banana, Forest Peach, Perfume Tree, beach Palm, papaya, Pickle Tree,hundreds more Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Good RAINTREE NURSERY 391 Butts Road Morton, WA 98356 (206) 496-6400 Unusual fruit trees. Quality: Good Price: $$ Service: Excellent Variety: Good RAWLINSON GARDEN SEED 269 College Road Truro, NS, Canada B2N 2P6 (902) 893-3051 General - Vegetable, herb and flower seeds. Free catalog for Canada; $1 for U.S. refundable. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown STEVE RAY BAMBOO GARDENS 909 79th Place South Birminghgam, AL 35206 Phone: unknown Specializing in bamboo Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown RAYNER BROS. P.O. Box 1617 Salisbury MD 21801 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown REASONER'S P.O. Box 1881 Oneco FL 33558 Phone: unknown Hibiscus; perhaps other tropicals Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown REATH'S NURSERY P.O. Box 521, 100 Central Blvd Vulcan, MI 49892 Phone: unknown Peonies. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown REDBUD LANE IRIS GARDEN Route 1 Box 141 Kansas IL 61933 (217) 948-5478 Great selection of beardless and other iris. Also mention other perennials. Catalog $1 Quality: Excellent Price: $$ Service: Excellent Variety: Excellent REDWOOD CITY SEED COMPANY P.O. Box 361 Redwood City, CA 94064 (415) 325-7333 Small, b&w free catalog; carries different varieties than usual. One reader mentioned that it took a long time to receive the seeds. Will ship to Canada. Quality: Good Price: $$$ Service: Fair Variety: Good REIMER WATERSCAPES Box 34 Tillsonburg, ON N4G 4H3 Phone: (519)842-6049, Fax: (519)668-LILY Water plants grown on site, pools, pumps, liners, fountain kits. Free Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown REX BULB FARMS PO Box 774 2568 Washington St Port Townsend, WA 98368 Phone: unknown Cat $1 200+ cv hybrid and species lilies Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown RHAPIS GARDENS P.O. Box 287-H Gregory, TX 78359 Phone: unknown Tropical. Catalog $2; Rhapis palms, Cissus, Cycads, Aralias Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown RHAPIS PALM GROWERS 31350 Alta Vista Dr. Redlands, CA 92373 Phone: unknown Tropical. Catalog $2; specialist in varieties of the genus Rhapis Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown RIALTO GARDENS 1146 W. Rialto Fresno, CA 93705 Phone: unknown Reblooming Iris. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown RICE CREEK GARDENS 11506 Highway 65 Blaine, Minnesota 55434 (612) 754-8090 Ornamental. Betty Ann and Charles Addison specialize in rock garden plants, unusual perennials, dwarf conifers, rhododendrons, wildflowers, alpines. All plants tested for hardiness for Minnesota winters! A little on the pricey side. Quality: Good Price: $$$ Service: Poor to Fair Variety: Good RICHARDSON SEASIDE BANANA GARDEN 6823 Santa Barbara Ave. Ventura CA 93001 Phone: unknown Banana specialist; sells both plants and corms. Over 40 varieties of both fruiting and ornamental varieties. Quality: Good Price: $$$ Service: Good Variety: Excellent RICHTERS 357 Highway 47 Goodwood, Ontario Canada L0C 1A0 (416)640-6677 FAX (416)640-6641 Very extensive herb catalog but also sell alpine flowers, beneficial insects, supplies, etc. Ship to the US, catalog $2.50 . E-Mail:
[email protected],
[email protected],
[email protected] Quality: Excellent Price: $$$ Service: unknown Variety: Excellent RIDER NURSERIES Rt. 2 Box 90A Farmington IA 52626 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown RIVERBEND ORCHIDS 14220 Lorraine Rd. Biloxie, MS 39532 Phone: unknown Orchids. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown RIVERHEAD PERENNIALS 5 Riverhead Lane East Lyme, CT 06333 (203)437-7828 fax (203)437-0342 Perennials; catalogue $2 deductible Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown RIVERSIDE IRIS GARDENS Tracy Jennings , P.O. Box 524 Rockford, MN 55373 Phone: unknown Hardy dwarf and median iris listings. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ROCK SPRAY NURSERY INC. P.O. Box 693 Truro, MA 02666 (508) 349-6769 Misc Growers of hardy Heaths and Heathers. The nursery is located in Zone 5 and all plants are hardy to at least Zone 5, with many plants hardy in lower zones. A very informative catalog and a wide selection of plants. Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: Excellent Variety: Excellent ROCKNOLL NURSERY 9210 US 50 Hillsboro, OH 45133-8546 Phone: unknown Perennials, wide variety for sun and shade. Short descriptions. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown P.L. ROHRER & BRO'S INC. P.O. Box 250 Smoketown, PA 17576 Phone: unknown General. Free catalog. Variety is supposed to be comparable to Parks or Stokes. Quality: Excellent Price: Excellent Service: Good Variety: Excellent RONNIGER'S SEED POTATOES Star Route 80 Moyie Springs, ID 83845 Phone: unknown Vegetables - Potatoes, garlic, onions, some books and supplies. Catalog $1. Organic seed potatoes. They do not ship to Canada but recommend Becker's Seed Potatoes for Canadian customers. Quality: Excellent Price: $$ - $$$ Service: Good Variety: Excellent ROOZENGAARDE DISPLAY GARDENS 1587 Beaver Marsh Road Mt. Vernon WA 98273 (206) 424-8531 Bulbs. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown THE ROSE GARDEN & MINI ROSE NURSERY P.O. Box 560 Cross Hill SC 29332-0560 Phone: unknown Roses. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ROSEHILL FARM Gregg Neck Road Dalena MD 21635 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ROSES BY FRED EDMONDS 6235 S. W. Kahle Rd. Wilsonville OR 97070 Phone: unknown Roses. Mostly hybrid teas and floribundas. Photos and descriptions. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ROSES OF THOMASVILLE P.O. Box 7 Thomasville, GA. 31799 Phone: unknown Roses. Hybrid teas, floribundas and also some daylilies. Descriptions. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ROSES OF YESTERDAY AND TODAY 802 Brown's Valley Road Watsonville, CA 95076-0398 (408) 724-2755 Roses - Rare and unusual roses, over 200 varieties. $3 catalog, if you order $15 they'll send one free next year. Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: unknown ROSES UNLIMITED Rt. 1 Box 587 Laurens, SC 29360 (803) 682-9112 Roses. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ROSLYN NURSERY 211 Burrs Lane Dix Hills NY, 11746 (516) 643-9347, Fax: ( 516)484-1555. Ornamentals. Deciduous and evergreen azaleas, especially those for colder climates. Rhododendrons, hardy camellias, a variety of shrubs and trees, and some interesting conifers and ferns. Quality: Good to Excellent Price: $$ to $$$ Service: Good Variety: Excellent ROSWELL SEED CO. P.O. Box 725 Roswell NM 88201 (505) 622-7701 General, wholesale. Basic list of vegetable and flower seeds, geared toward the wholesale customer though they do sell packets. Field seeds (alfalfa, oats, clover, etc) sold in bulk; some supplies. Quality: unknown Price: $$ - $$$ Service: unknown Variety: Fair ROYAL GARDENS Box 588 Farmingdale, NJ 07727 Phone: unknown Bulbs - Nicely illustrated catalog of common bulb species Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ROYALL RIVER ROSES 70 New Gloucester Road North Yarmouth, ME 04021 Phone: unknown The catalog says that they are strictly organic. Many interesting and varied roses. Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Good ROYCROFT DAYLILY NURSERY RT 6, Box 70 Georgetown, SC 29440 (803)527-1533 Free list. Daylilies. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown RUPP SEEDS, INC. 17919 Co. Rd. B Wauseon, OH 43567 (419) 337-1841 FAX: (419) 337-5491 Vegetables. Large selection of vegetable seeds. Full-sized 50-page catalog with a few color pictures, but good, brief descriptions. Commercial price list available to growers. Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Excellent JIM & IRENE RUSS HCR 1, Box 6450 Igo, CA 96047 Phone: unknown Misc - Specialize in sempervivums and sedum plants. Some descriptions. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown S&H ORGANIC ACRES P.O. Box 757, 12125 Red Hills Rd. Newburg, OR 97132 Phone: unknown Organic, presumably, but specialty unknown. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SALLY & CO. Box 24121, 300 Eagleson Rd. Kanata, ON K2M 2C3 Phone: (613)836-6216 More than 40 varieties of exotic tropical seeds including Japanese pine, pink orchid tree, orange jessamine. Free Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown SALT SPRING ISLAND NURSERY 355A Blackburn Rd. Salt Spring Island, BC V8K 2B8 Phone: (604) 537-9421, Fax: (604) 537-2326 Over 200 perennials and 110 herbs. $2 refundable Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown SALT SPRING SEEDS Box 33 Ganges, BC V0S 1E0 Phone: (604)537-5269 Organically grown seeds, including high-protein beans, amaranth, quinoa, 20 varieties of garlic. $2 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown SANTA BARBARA ORCHID ESTATE 1250 Orchid Drive Santa Barbara CA 93111 Phone: unknown Orchids. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SANTA BARBARA WATER GARDENS Box 4353 Santa Barbara, CA 93140 Phone: unknown Aquatic. Water garden supplies and plants. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown THE SASKATOON FARM RR1 Dewinton, AB T0L 0X0 Phone: 1-800-463-2113 Saskatoon berry seedlings. Free Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown SAVAGE FARMS NURSERY P.O. Box 125 McMinnville TN 37110 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SAVOY'S GARDENS INC. 5300 Whiting Ave. Edina, MN 55435 Phone: unknown Misc - Specialize in hostas. Descriptions and some photos.($2) Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SAXTON GARDENS 1 First St. Saratoga Springs, NY 12866 Phone: None Daylilies. Some photos and descriptions. Free 8-page catalog. Ship April to mid-June. Avg. price $5.00 ea. Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Fair JOHN SCHEEPERS,INC PO Box 700 Bantam, CT 06750 (203) 567-0838 Bulbs - Nice range ; probably of more interest to specialists. Well-established firm with exhibition size bulbs Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SCHEN-DARE ORCHIDS 3225-50th Ave Lloydminster, SK S9V 0N8 Phone: (306)825-5104, Fax: (403)875-5070 Hybridizers with unique varieties, miniatures. $5 including a plant. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown S. SCHERER & SONS 104 Waterside Road Northport NY 11768 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SCHREINER'S IRIS GARDENS 3625 Quinaby Rd. NE Salem, OR 97303-9720 (503) 393-3232, Orders: (800) 525-2367 Iris - Large selection of irises with many photos and descriptions. Catalog $4.00. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SCHULZ CACTUS GARDENS 1095 Easy St. Morgan Hill CA 95037 Phone: unknown Cactus Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown F. W. SCHUMACHER CO. 36 Spring Hill Road Sandwich MA 02563-1023 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SCOTTY'S DESERT PLANTS 11588 S Academy Selma, CA 93662 Phone: unknown Catalog $1; Cactus and succulents Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SEA BREEZE ORCHIDS P.O. Box 1416 Bayville NY 11709 Phone: unknown Orchids Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SEAGULLS LANDING ORCHIDS P.O. Box 388 Glen Head NY 11545 Phone: unknown Orchids Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SEASIDE DAYLILY FARM Box 807-G West Tisbury MA 02575 Phone: unknown Daylilies, organically grown. Free catalog. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SEAWRIGHT GARDENS 201 Bedford Rd. Carlisle, MA 01741 (508)369-2172 Daylilies; descriptions in catalog. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SEED SAVERS EXCHANGE Rt 3 Box 239 Decorah, Iowa 52101 (319) 382-5990 Misc - This is a membership group dedicated to saving antique and heirloom varieties. Membership fees $15$25. Free brochure. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SEED SERVICE 695 Joaquin Ave. San Leandro, CA 94577 (510) 352-4291 Palms. Seed for $4.00 - $7.00 per packet. You check the species that you want from a huge list, and pre-pay. Seeds are sent as they come in (fresher that way). Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SEED SHOP Tongue River Stage Miles City, MT 59301 Phone: unknown Catalog $2; cactus and succulent seeds Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SEEDERAMA P.O. Box 3 Charlestown, N.S.W. 2290 Australia Phone: unknown Misc - 1200 varieties of Australian & imported seeds Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SEEDS 13448 Weld County Road 4 Brighton, CO 80601 Phone: unknown Tropical. Pink Orchid, Sensitive Plant, Passiflora, more Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SEEDS AND SUCH Box 196B West Linn, OR 97068 Phone: unknown Vegetables. German Johnson tomato seeds, others? Catalog $2, SASE Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SEEDS BLUM HC 33 Idaho City Stage Boise, Idaho 83706-9725 (800) 528-3658 Gardens members said some hard things about Seeds Blum some years ago, but they seem to have recovered since several people are recommending them again Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SEEDS OF CHANGE P.O. Box 15700 Santa Fe, NM 87506-5700 (505) 438-8080; FAX (505) 438-7052 Vegetables, Heirloom. Carry many different grains such as amaranth, millet, quinoa, etc. Tomatoes (65 varieties!) and other vegetables. Unusual varieties. All organically grown. Quality: Good Price: $$ Service: Good Variety: Excellent SEEDWAY, INC. P.O. Box 250 Hall NY 14463-0250 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SELECT SEEDS 180 Stickney Hill Road Union, Connecticut 06076 Phone: unknown Seeds for antique and heritage perennials, annuals, and vines, books on same; Informative descriptions. Catalog $3. Will ship to Canada Quality: Excellent Price: $$ Service: Excellent, two weeks from ordering Varieties: Excellent SELECT PERENNIALS Box 124 RR1 Morriburg, ON K0C 1X0 Phone: unknown Hostas, daylilies. Send first class stamp Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown SELECT PLUS NURSERIES 1510 Pine Rd. Mascouche, PQ J7L 2M4 Phone: (514)477-3797 More than 400 varieties of lilacs. Catalog $2 refundable. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown SEQUOIA NURSERY- MOORE MINIATURE NURSERIES 2519 East Nobel Ave. Visalia CA 93277 (209) 732-0190 Miniature roses, anything else unknown. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SEYMOUR'S SELECTED SEEDS P.O.Box 1346 Sussex, VA 23884-0346 803 663 3084 Flower seeds, mostly. Rumour says they are connected with R.H. Shumways, an old and well-known seed company Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SHADY HILL GARDENS 821 Walnut St. Batavia, Il. 60510 Phone: unknown Misc - Large selection of geraniums with descriptions and some photos.($2) Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SHADY OAKS NURSERY 112 10th ave.SE Waseca, MN 56093 (507) 835-5033, fax (507) 835-8772. Plants for shady places. Good selection of hostas Quality: Excellent Price: unknown Service: Excellent Variety: Good SHANTI BITHI NURSERY 3047 High Ridge Road North Stamford CT 06903 (203) 329-0768 FAX: (203) 329-8872 Bonsai plants. Starter plants in 4 pots, most $7.50 ea. Mature bonsai $30.00 to $4000.00 (ouch) ea. Also, bonsai books and very expensive bonsai tools and accessories. No bargains here, except perhaps the free 8-page color catalog. Quality: unknown Price: $$$$ Service: unknown Variety: Fair SHEFFIELD'S SEED COMPANY 273 Auburn Rd., Rt 34 Locke, NY 13092 (315) 497-1058 FAX (315) 497-1059 Ornamental. Sells seed per pound. Listings. Mostly woodies. Quality: unknown Price: $$ to $$$$ Service: unknown Variety: Good SHEIN'S CACTUS 3360 Drew Marina, CA 93933 Phone: unknown Cactus. Catalog $1 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SHEPARD IRIS GARDEN 3342 W Orangewood Phoenix, AZ 85051 (602) 841-1231 Iris - Bearded, Louisiana and Spuria iris listings. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SHEPHERD GERANIUMS 13851 Christensen Rd Galt CA 95632 Phone: unknown Misc - Scented and specialty geraniums. Catalog $1.00, refundable. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SHEPHERD HILL FARM 200 Peekskill Hollow Rd Putnam Valley NY 10579 (914) 528-5917 Rhodendrons and azaleas. Postpaid shipping. Free catalog. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SHEPHERD'S GARDEN SEEDS 30 Irene Street Torrington, Connecticut 06790 (203) 482-3638; California (408) 335-6910. Lots of exotic vegetables, edible flowers and other flowers. Catalog attractive and informative. Seeds ok, but can't ship live plants, potato sets, garlic, asparagus, or shallots to Canada. Quality: Good Price: $$ to $$$ Service: Good Variety: Excellent SHERRY'S PERENNIALS Box 39-J Cedar Springs, ON N0P 1E0 Phone: (519)676-4541 Large selection of perennial plants including many shade- tolerant and long-blooming varieties. Catalog $4, refundable. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown SHILOH GARDENS Rt 1. Box 77A Pawnee IL 62558 Phone: unknown Iris - Tall bearded. 2 stamps for catalog. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SHOOTING STAR NURSERY 444 Bates Rd Frankfort KY 40601 (502) 223-1679 Native plants and wildflowers. Over 200 spp. of nursery- grown forest, prairie, and wetland plants and seeds. Listed as a source for Bottle Gentian. Descriptive catalog $2.00. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown R.H. SHUMWAY'S PO Box 1 Graniteville, SC 29829 Phone: unknown General - Free catalog; basic collection of vegetable seeds, some fruit, some flowers. Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Good SINGER'S 17806 Plummer St., FG Northridge CA 91325 (818) 933-1903 Cactus and succulents. $1 Catalog. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SISKIYOU RARE PLANT NURSERY 2825 Cummings Road Medford, OR 97501 (503) 772-6846 Ornamental, rare. One of the best sources for rock garden plants. Alpines and other dwarf, hardy plants for the Woodland and Rock Garden. $2.00 for 78-page catalog with brief descriptions and a (very) few pictures. Quality: Fair to Good Price: $ to $$$ Service: good Variety: Excellent SKYBLUE NURSERIES P.O. Box 18061 St. Paul MN 551180061 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SLOCUM WATER GARDENS 1101 Cypress Gardens Blvd Winter Haven, FL 33880-6099 Phone: unknown Aquatic. Extensive selection of water garden plants and products. Descriptions and photos ($2) Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SMIRNOW'S SON 11 Oakwood Dr W Rt. 1 Huntington, NY 11743 Phone: unknown Peonies. Specialize in tree peonies, Listings and some photos Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SMITH AND HAWKEN 25 Corte Madera Mill Valley, CA 94941 (415) 383-2000 Supplies, equipment. A few seeds and bulbs, some good tools, garden furbelows. Mostly expensive stuff for trendy gardeners, but they do have sturdy English tools. Quality: average Price: $$$$ Service: good Variety: average SMITH NURSERY CO. P.O. Box 515 Charles City IA 50616 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SOERGEL GREENHOUSES 2573 Brandt School Rd. Wexford PA 15090 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown WINN SOLDANI 1142 SW First Ave Pompano Beach FL 33060-8706 Phone: unknown 250 varieties of fancy hibiscus. Free catalog; video $15. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SOLOMON DAYLILLIES 105 County Club Rd. Newport News VA 23606 Phone: unknown Daylilies Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown KEITH SOMERS TREES 10 Tillson Ave. Tillsonburg, ON N4G 2Z6 Phone: (519)842-5148 Seeds and plants for flowering shrubs, ferns, evergreens, shade trees. Specialists in native and Carolinium trees. Aquatic and bog plants. Nut trees. $2 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown SONOMA ANTIQUE APPLE NURSERY 4395 Westside Road Healdsburg CA 95448 (707) 433-6420 fax (707) 433-6479 Many varieties of fruit trees; in partnership with Arbor & Espalier Co so offers some of these varieties already trained as espaliers. No info on shipping out of U.S. Quality: unknown Price: $$$ Service: unknown Variety: Excellent SOUTH FLORIDA SEED SUPPLY 16361 Norris Road Loxahatchee FL 33470 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SOUTHERN SEEDS P.O. Box 2091 Melbourne, FL 32902 (407) 727-3662 (Orders Only) General - $1 catalog, mostly edible spp which do well in deep South. Sell all seed in packets only; most packets $1.50 ea. Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Fair SOUTHERN EXPOSURE 35 Minor-AH Beaumont, TX 77702-2414 Phone: unknown $5 cat / SASE for list. Tropicals for home & garden, Cryptanthus and other bromeliads, staghorn ferns, aroids, philodendrons, Rhipsalis cactus. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SOUTHERN EXPOSURE SEED EXCHANGE P.O. Box 170 Earlysville, VA 22936 Phone and FAX: (804) 973-4703. (FAX 10am-3pm Eastern time from Jan. thru April). Seed only, mostly vegetables. Packets only, no bulk. Very detailed descriptions, planting instructions, etc. Mostly open pollinated heirloom varieties. Many varieties are especially for the climates of the Mid-Atlantic region. Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Good SOUTHERN PERENNIALS & HERBS 98 Bridges Road Tylertown MS 39667 (601) 684-1769, FAX: (601) 684-3729 Catalog $3 refundable, specialising in perennials, grasses, herbs, and more for the Southeast regions. Does not ship to Canada. Email
[email protected] Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SOUTHMEADOW FRUIT GARDENS 15310 Red Arrow Highway Lakeside MI 49116 Phone: unknown Fruit. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SOUTHWESTERN NATIVE SEEDS Box 50503 Tucson, AZ 85703 Phone: unknown Natives. Seeds are divided into desert, mountain, and tropical. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SPAULDING BULB FARM 1811 Howey Rd. Sebring, FL. 33872 Phone: unknown Houseplants. Caladium bulbs Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SPECIALTY SEEDS P.O. Box 842 Lompoc CA 93436 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SPRING HILL NURSERIES CO. 6523 North Galena Road Peoria, Illinois 61632 (800) 582-8527, Orders: (309) 689-3800, Customer Service: (309) 689-3828 Ornamental - Sells a lot of different kinds of plants - mixed reports on quality, however. Reportedly they do not provide any hardiness info, but have lots of color pictures in their catalogs. Quality: Fair Price: $$ Service: Good Variety: Good SPRINGHILL NURSERIES 110 West Elm Street Tipp City, Ohio 45371 (309) 691-4616 Ornamentals. Catalog $2.50 Quality: unknown Price: $$ - $$$ Service: unknown Variety: average SPROUT FARMS FRUIT TREE NURSERY Box 538 Bon Accord, AB T0A 0K0 Phone: (403)921-3460 Alberta-grown fruit trees and bushes. $2 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown SQUAW MOUNTAIN GARDENS 36212 S.E. Squaw Mtn. Road Estacada OR 97023 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ST. LAWRENCE NURSERIES R.D. 2, Route 345, Potsdam-Madrid Rd. Potsdam NY 13676 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown STALLINGS EXOTIC NURSERY 910 Encinitas Blvd. Encinitas, CA 92024 Specialty unknown, but catalog is $3 Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown STANEK'S East 2929- 27th St. Spokane, WA 99223 Phone: unknown Roses. Mostly hybrid teas and floribundas, some shrub, tree and old roses. Descriptions. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown STANLEY & SONS NURSERY, INC. 11740 S.E. Orient Dr. Boring OR 97009 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown STARK BROS. P.O. Box 10 Louisiana MO 63353-0010 (800) 325-4180 Orders, 800478-2759 Customer Service Fruit. Has a lot of nice fruit trees and is highly regarded by some members. CA residents will have a hard time finding plants they can ship. Trees and shrubs in limited amounts. Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Average STEFFEN'S CLEMATIS P.O. Box 184, 1259 Fairport Rd Fairport, NY 14450 Phone: unknown Clematis - Specialize in hybrid clematis with cultural information.($2) Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown STIGALL WATER GARDENS 7306 Main Kansas City MO 64114 (816) 822-1256 Aquatic. Waterlilies. Free catalog. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown STIRLING PERENNIALS RR 1 Morpeth, ON, Canada NOP 1XO (519) 674-0571 Hardy perennials, alpines and ground covers. No U.S. shipment yet; catalog $2 for 2 years with fall supplements. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: Average STOKES SEED CO. P.O. Box 548 Buffalo NY 14240 (716) 695-6980 Wide variety of ornamentals, fruit and vegetable. mostly seeds. Bulk orders available. Free catalog, very informative but oriented to the professional grower with many acres to plant. They have a Telecommunication Device for the deaf phone number: (905) 688-2366. There is also a Canadian address. Quality: Good Price: $ Service: Excellent Variety: Good STOKES SEEDS LTD. 39 James St., Box 10, St. Catharines, Ontario Canada L2R 6R6 (905) 688-4300 FAX (905) 684-8411 (24 hours) General - Wide variety of ornamentals, fruit and vegetable. mostly seeds. Bulk orders available. Free catalog, very informative but oriented to the professional grower with many acres to plant. They have a Telecommunication Device for the deaf phone number: (905) 688-2366. There is also a U.S. address. Quality: Good Price: $ Service: Excellent Variety: Good STONE LANE GARDENS Stone Farm, Chagford, Devon, United Kingdom TQ13 8JU (+44) 64723 311 Trees and shrubs. Birch and Alder arboretum and nursery - very small concern run by an enthusiast so suspect they will only ship within UK. Quality: Excellent Price: $$$ Service: Good Variety: Excellent STRAHM'S LILIES PO Box 226 Harbor, OR 97415 Phone: unknown Lilies - Oriental lily specialist Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown STRONG'S ALPINE SUCCULENTS PO Box 2264 Flagstaff AZ 86003-2264 Phone: unknown Cactus and succulents. Sempervivums. Descriptive list $1.00, deductible. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SUCCULENTA P.O. Box 480325 Los Angeles, CA 90048 Phone: unknown Cactus and succulents. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SUNLIGHT GARDENS Rt. 1, Box 600A, Hillvale Rd. Anderson, TN 37705 Phone: unknown Wide variety of perennials and some herbs. Descriptions.($2) Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SUNNYBROOK FARM P.O. Box 6, 9448 Mayfield Rd. Chesterland, OH 44026 Phone: unknown Herbs, ivies and perennial plants. Descriptions($1) Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SUNNYSLOPE GARDENS 8638 Huntington Dr. San Gabriel CA 91775 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SUNSET NURSERY, INC. 4700 4007 Elrod Ave. Tampa, Fl 33616 (813) 839-7228 or (813) 837-3003 Bamboo source. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SUNSHINE CALADIUM FARMS P.O. Box 905 Sebring FL 33870 (813) 385-0663 or 655-3530 Caladium specialists; catalog free. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SUNSHINE FARM AND GARDENS Route 51D Renick WV 24966 (304)497-3163, FAX (304) 497-2698 Over 10,000 rare & unusual flowering plants, trees, shrubs, bulbs, many special collections. Open by appt; Barry Glick prop. & founder of the No. American Plant Preservation Council, tracks private plant collections Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: Excellent SUNSHINE FARMS P.O. Box 289 Mt. View, HI 96771 (808) 968-6312 or (800) 332-2555 FAX: (808) 968-8011 Tropical - Anthurium, orchids, Plumeria, ferns, Cordyline, Dracaena, Hibiscus, gingers, palms and much more. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SUNSWEPT LABORATORIES P.O. Box 1913 Studio City CA 91604 (818) 506-7271 FAX (818) 506-4911 Orchids. Tissue cultured, seedlings and divisions; mostly species with a few hybrids. If you're looking for a Paphiopedelum kolopakingii 'Montecito', you can get one here for only $2500, no decimal point intended. Other orchids $12 and up, way up. Quality: unknown Price: $$$ to $$$$ Service: unknown Variety: Good to excellent SURRY GARDENS P.O. Box 145, Rt 172 Surry, ME 04684 Phone: unknown Listings of perennials - plants. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown SUTTELL'S DAHLIAS 5543 Blezard Dr. Beamsville, ON L0R 1B3 Phone: unknown Exhibition dahlias of all types. Free catalog Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown SWAN ISLAND DAHLIAS P.O. Box 800 Canby, OR 97013 Phone: unknown Large selection of dahlias. Photos and descriptions.($2) Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown DEAN SWIFT SEED CO. P.O. Box B Jaroso, CO 81138 Phone: unknown Sells in pounds. Wildflower and Tree Seed, adapted to western climates. Only 21 varieties of wildflowers tho. Quality: unknown Price: $$ to $$$ Service: unknown Variety: Poor T & T SEEDS LTD. Box 1710 Winnipeg, MB R3C 3P6 Phone: (204)956-2777, Fax: (204)956-1994 Seeds, plants, bulbs, vines, nursery stock, perennials, roses, pots, fertilizers. $2 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown TALAVAYA SEEDS PO Box 707, Santa Cruz Stn. Santa Cruz, NM 87567 Phone: unknown Vegetables - Chile peppers. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown DAVE TALBOT 4038 Highway 17S Green Cove Springs, Fl 32043 Phone: unknown Many types of daylilies. Descriptions. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown TATE NURSERY RT 20, Box 436 Tyler, TX 75708 Phone: unknown Roses: hybrid teas and floribundas. Some descriptions. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown TAYLOR'S ROSES P.O. Box 11272 Chicksaw, AL 36671-0272 (205) 456-7753 Miniature roses. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown TEL-EL NURSERY P.O. Box 112 Orefield, PA 18069 Phone: unknown Perennials, ground covers, and chrysanthemums. Descriptions Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown TERAX TROPICALS P.O. Box2743 Largo, FL 34649 Phone: unknown Tropical - Hoyas, bromeliads. SASE for list Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown TERRITORIAL SEED COMPANY 20 Palmer Avenue Cottage Grove, OR 97424 (503) 942-9547 General - Vegetable, herb and flower seeds in sampler size, packet size and bulk. Produces seeds basically for the maritime northwest (though can probably be grown elsewhere). Also supplies, books, tools, insecticides. There is also a Canadian address Quality: Excellent Price: $$ Service: Excellent Variety: Excellent TERRITORIAL SEED COMPANY 206-8475 Ontario St. Vancouver, B.C. V5X 3E8 Phone: unknown Free catalog. Vegetable, herb and flower seeds in sampler size, packet size and bulk. Produces seeds basically for the maritime northwest (though can probably be grown elsewhere). Also supplies, books, tools, insecticides. There is also a U.S. address Quality: Excellent Price: $$ Service: Excellent Variety: Excellent TETRA POND Box 4858 Toms River, NJ 08754-9946 Phone: unknown Aquatic. Water garden and pond supplies Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown TEXAS MINI ROSES P.O. Box 267 Denton, TX 76202 (817) 566-3034 Miniature roses. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown THIS 'N THAT Box 51057, 234 Tyndall Ave. Winnipeg, MB R2R 2S6 Phone: unknown Tropical house plant seeds. $2 with sample seed package. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown THOMAS JEFFERSON CTR FOR HISTORIC PLANTS Monticello, P.O. Box 316 Charlottesville VA 22902 Phone: unknown A few plants, some fruit trees, and seeds collected from the gardens of Monticello. Other Jeffersonian gardening related items. Catalog $1 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown THOMASVILLE NURSERIES P.O. Box 7 Thomasville GA 31799-0007 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown THOMPSON & MORGAN INC P.O. Box 1308 Jackson, NJ 08525-0308 (908) 363-2225 (800) 274-7333 for orders Basic as well as unusual seeds and plants. Highly regarded by many. Will ship to Canada Quality: Excellent Price: $$ - $$$ Service: Good Variety: Excellent THON'S GARDEN MUMS P.O. Box 146 Crystal Lake, Il. 60014 Phone: unknown Chrysanthemums. Mum descriptions and some photos. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown THE THYME GARDEN 20456-R Alsea Hwy Alsea OR 97324 Phone: unknown 250+ varieties herb seeds, plants, hops. 40-page catalog $1.50, refundable. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown TILLINGHAST SEED CO. P.O. Box 738 La Conner WA 98257 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown TINARI GREENHOUSES 2325 Valley Rd. Huntingdon Valley, PA 19006 Phone: unknown Houseplants - Specialize in African Violets. Some descriptions. Catalog .50 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown TINY PETALS NURSERY 489 Minot Ave Chula Vista CA 92010 (619) 422-0385 Miniature roses. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown TISCHLER PEONY GARDENS 1021 E Division St. Faribault, MN 55021 Phone: unknown Peonies - Single, double and Japanese peony descriptions Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown TOMATO GROWERS SUPPLY CO. P.O. Box 2237 Fort Myers FL 33902 (813) 768-1119 Vegetables - Tomato specialist; a good number of peppers as well. Catalog says they will not ship supplies outside the 48 states except by UPS air. Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Excellent TOMATO SEED COMPANY P.O. Box 1400 Tryon, NC 28782 Phone: unknown Tomato seeds. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown THE TOMATO SEED COMPANY, INC. P.O. Box 323 Metuchen NJ 08840 Phone: unknown Vegetables - Specializing in tomato seed. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown TOTALLY TOMATOES P.O. Box 1626 Augusta, GA 30903 (803) 663-0016 Vegetables - Specialize in (surprise!) tomatoes. (This is a spin-off catalog from the Vermont Bean Seed Company.) No info on Canadian ordering. Quality: Good Price: $$ Service: Average Variety: Excellent TRADEWINDS BAMBOO NURSERY 28446 Hunter Creek Loop Gold Beach, OR 97444 (503) 247-0835 (Phone and FAX) Many many bamboo species. Catalog $2 refundable, $40 minimum. E-mail owner Gib Cooper at
[email protected] Quality: Excellent Prices: $$ Service: Good Variety: Excellent TRANQUIL LAKE NURSERY 45 River St. Rehoboth, Mass. (508) 252-4002 They have acres of wonderful siberian and Japanese iris, and loads of daylilies. They have a catalog, but not too many illustrations. Quality: Good Price: $$ Service: Good Variety: Excellent TRANSPACIFIC NURSERY 16065 Oldsville Rd. McMinnville, OR 97128 Phone: unknown $2 catalog or may be downloaded from 1-503-843-4214; interesting online catalog is part of a BBS. Trees and shrubs, rare, ornamental. Many varieties. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown TREGUNNO SEEDS 126 Catharine St. N. Hamilton, ON L8R 1J4 Phone: (905)528-5984, Fax: (905) 528-1635 Herb, flower, vegetable seeds. Bulbs, lawn seed, bird seed, special-interest books. Free Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown WILLIAM TRICKLER INC 7125 Tanglewood Dr. Independence, OH 44131 (800) 524-3492 Aquatic. Large selection of water plants and products. Descriptions some photos Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown TRINIDAD BAY BULB CO. PO Box 974 Trinidad, CA 95570 Phone: unknown Lilies. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown TRIPPLE BROOK FARM 37 Middle Road Southampton MA 01073 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown TROPHY ROSES, LTD 1308 N. Kennicott Ave. Arlington Heights, IL 60004 (708) 253-0998 Orders/Catalogs; 708) 253-0738 Fax Roses. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown TROPICAL IMPORTS 43714 Road 415 Coarsegold CA 93614 Phone: unknown Tropicals. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown TROPICALS P.O. Box 233 Oregon, WI 53575 Phone: unknown Seeds of tropical plants. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown TROPIFLORA 3530H Tallevast Road Sarasota, FL 34243 (813) 351-2267 Tillandsia (bromeliad) Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown TSANG & MA P.O. Box 294 Belmont CA 94002 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown TSOLUM RIVER FRUIT TREES Box 1271 Ganges, BC V0S 1E0 Phone: (604)537-4191 Specialists in organically grown heirloom fruit trees. More than 300 varieties. $3.75 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown OTIS S. TWILLEY SEED COMPANY P.O. Box 65 Trevose, PA 19053 (215) 639-8800 General. Flower and vegetable seeds. Quality: Good Price: $ Service: Excellent Variety: Good TWOMBLY NURSERY 163 Barn Hill Rd. Monroe, CT 06468 (203)261-2133 fax (203)261-9230 Rare and unusual plants and trees, they claim over 1,000 varieties. $4 for reference guide. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown UPPER BANK NURSERIES P.O. Box 486 Media, PA 19063 Phone: unknown Bamboo Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown VALLEY CREEK NURSERY P.O. Box 364 Three Oaks MI 49128 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown VALLEY ORCHID PARTNERS 12621 Woolridge Rd. Pitt Meadows, BC V3Y 1Z1 Phone: (604)465-8664 Orchid hybrids and species. Free Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown VAN BOURGONDIEN & SONS INC PO Box A245 Farmingdale Rd Babylon, NY 11702 (800) 622-9959 Cust. service (800) 622-9997 for orders Bulbs. They say, Specialize in rare and unusual imported and domestic flowering bulbs and plants. Mixed reports on quality, however. Quality: Fair Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Good VAN DYEK'S FLOWER FARM PO Box 430 Brightwaters, NY 11718-0430 Phone: unknown. Bulbs. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown VAN DYKE ZINNIAS 5910 Corey Rd Perry MI 48872 Phone: unknown Flowers. Presumably they specialize in zinnias. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown VAN ENGELEN, INC 313 Naaple Street Litchfield, CT 06759 (202) 567-8734 or -5662. Bulbs. The catch in buying from them is that one must purchase in bulk. The more unusual tulips and other bulbs can be purchased in lots of 50's (Green Tulips and tulip novelties). Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: Fair Variety: unknown VAN NESS WATER GARDENS 2460 North Euclid Ave. Upland, CA 91786-1199 Phone: unknown Aquatics. Large selection of plants and products for water gardens. Descriptions and some photos ($6). Their prices on non-plant supplies are pretty high, plants are medium to pricey. They'll give you plenty of help over the phone, too. Quality: Excellent Price: $$$ Service: Excellent Variety: Excellent (plants) MARY MATTISON VAN SCHALK Box 181 Cavendish, VT 05142 Phone: unknown Cat $1 established importer of Dutch bulbs Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown VANWELL NURSERY INC. P.O. Box 1339 Wenatchee WA 98801 (509) 663-8189. (800) 572-1553 in WA only. FAX: (509) 662- 9336 Fruit trees. Good selection of apples and cherries. Quality: unknown Price: unknown (received wholesale list only) Service: unknown Variety: Good VARGA'S NURSERY 2631 Pickertown Rd. Warrington, PA 18976 (215) 343-0646 ($1 cat) Ferns, tropical and hardy Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown VELDHEER TULIP GARDENS 12755 Quincy St Holland, MI 49424 Phone: unknown Bulb specialists. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown VENGER'S ORCHIDS 1220 Pando Ave Colorado Springs, C0 80906 (719) 576-7686 A variety of orchids with special orders available. Advice, listings, and cultural booklet available via e-mail:
[email protected] Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: unknown VERMONT BEAN SEED CO. Garden Lane Fair Haven, Vermont 05743 (802) 273-3400 Vegetables - I beleive they have other things besides beans; but lots of those. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown THE VERMONT WILDFLOWER FARM Rt.7 Charlotte, VT 05455 (802) 425-3500 Wildflowers. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown VESEY'S SEEDS York Box 9000 Charlottetown PEI C1A 8K6 (902) 368-7333, FAX: (902) 566-1620 Island Sunshine potatoes - blight resistant yellow flesh will be available in 1995. There is also a U.S. address. Free catalog Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown VESEY'S SEEDS Box 9000 Calais, ME 04619 Phone: unknown Vegetables - Island Sunshine potatoes - blight resistant yellow flesh will be available in 1995. There is also a Canadian address. Free catalog Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown ANDRE VIETTE FARM & NURSERY Rt. 1, Box 16 Fishersville, VA 22939 (703) 943-2315 Extensive listing of perennials, grasses, iris, some shrubs. Some descriptions($2) Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown VILLAGE ORCHIDS 567 McMillan Ave. Winnipeg, MB R3L 0N7 Phone: (204)477-0905 Orchids and orchid supplies. $2 refundable Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown VINTAGE GARDENS 3003 Pleasant Hill Road Sebastopol CA 95472 (707) 829-5342 Roses - Lots of unusual old roses, like strange old Hybrid Teas. Free availability list. 1994 Catalog $4.00, offers 800 roses, to be published October 1994. All roses $8.00 to $10.00 ea. Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Excellent THE VIOLET HOUSE Box 1274 Gainesville, FL 32602 Phone: unknown Houseplants - African Violets, plants and seeds, accessories. Free catalog. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown VIVACES NORDIQUES 2400 Ch. Principal St-Mathieu du Parc, PQ G0X 1N0 Phone: (819)532-3275 Daylilies. $2 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown VOLKMANN BROS. GREENHOUSES 2714 Minert St Dallas TX 75219 Phone: unknown Houseplants - African Violets. Supplies, equipment, lighted plant stands. Color catalog $1.00 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown WASHINGTON EVERGREEN NURSERY Box 388 Leicester NC 28748 Phone: unknown Trees and shrubs. Over 220 dwarf conifers and laurels. Plants available in 1-3 gallon sizes. Free catalog. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown WATER ARTS INC. 4158A Dundas St. W. Etobicoke, ON M8X 1X3 Phone: unknown Everything for your pond. Free Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown WATERFORD GARDENS 74 East Allendale Road Saddle River NJ 07458 (201) 327-0721 Aquatics. Water lilies, lotus, bog plants, pools, fish, accessories. Catalog $5.00. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown THE WAUSHARA GARDENS N5491 5th Drive Plainfield, WI 54966 (715) 335-4462 Bulbs, flowers. Gladiolus specialist; also, lilies, summer bulbs and cutflowers. 16-page catalog with no pictures. Quality: unknown Prices: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Good WAVECREST NURSERY & LANDSCAPING CO. 2509 Lakeshore Dr. Fennville MI 49408 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown WAYNESBORO NURSERIES P.O. Box 987, Route 664 Waynesboro VA 22980 Phone: unknown Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown WAYSIDE GARDENS 1 Garden Lane Hodges, SC 29695-0001 (800) 845-1124 Ornamentals, perennials, trees and shrubs. Rose catalog contains many selections from 20 different classifications of roses with excellent descriptions and care instructions. Shipment to 48 contiguous states and by air to Alaska only. Quality: good Price: $$ Service: good Variety: good WE'RE IN THE HAYFIELD NOW, DAYLILY GARDENS 4704 Pollard Road, RR1 Orono, Ontario, Canada L0B 1M0 (905) 983-5097 Fax (905) 983-6271 Daylilies. Price range: $45. to $5. Catalog $2 refundable Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: unknown WE-DU NURSERIES Route 5, Box 724 Marion, NC 28752 (704) 738-8300 Southeast natives and other perennials; some rare plants. Quality: Excellent Price: $$ - $$$ Service: Good Variety: Good WEASDALE NURSERIES Newbiggin-on-Lune, Kirkby Stephen, Cumbria, UK CA17 4LX (+44) 5396 23246 fax : (+44) 5396 23277 Forest/Hedge/Specimen trees and shrubs. British natives, common forestry and ornamental varieties. Can ship thoughout EU. Quality: Good to Excellent Price: $$ Service: Excellent Variety: Good CHRIS WEEKS PEPPERS P.O. Box 3207 Kill Devil Hills, NC 27948 Phone: unknown Vegetables. Catalog $1, $2 outside U.S. 62 hot pepper varieties with a brief description of each.. Cost is US$1.50 per pkt (25-40 seeds, but Rocoto pkts are 15 seeds) or $12.50 in groups of 10 pkts. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown WEISS BROS. NURSERY 11690 Colfax Hwy Grass Valley CA 95945 (916) 272-7657 Over 350 vars. perennials and herbs, container grown and shipped. Free catalog. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown WILLIAM R.P. WELCH P.O. Box 1736 Carmel Valley, CA 93924-1736 Phone: unknown Grower of Narcissus and other drought resistant bulbs. Deer- proof and gopher-proof. High quality, reasonaby priced. Quality: Excellent Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: unknown WELL-SWEEP HERB FARM 317 Mt. Bethel Rd. Port Murray, NJ 07865 (908) 852-5390 Herbs. Catalog $2.00. Listing of herb plants; a few herb seeds. Quality: unknown Price: $ Service: unknown Variety: Excellent KEN WEST ORCHIDS P.O. Box 1332 Pahoa HI 96778 Phone: unknown Orchids Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown WESTERN BIOLOGICALS LTD. Box 283 Aldergrove, BC V4W 2T8 Phone: (604)856-3339 Wide variety of mushroom spawn for home gardeners. $3 refundable. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown WESTSIDE EXOTICS PALM NURSERY P.O. Box 156, 6030 River Rd. Westley, CA 95387 Phone: unknown Tropical. Large SASE for catalog Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown WHEELER FARM GARDENS 171 Bartlett Portland CT 06480 (203) 432-2374 Misc - Tissue-cultured, disease-free ivy and zonal geraniums. Free brochure. Ship spring, UPS, ppd. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown WHITE FLOWER FARM Rt 63 Litchfield, CT 06759-0050 (203) 496-9600 Ornamentals, perennials, trees and shrubs, bulbs. Informative catalogs. Carries several strains of long-lived tulips (their perennial tulips). They will ship to Canada. Quality: unknown Price: $$ - $$$ Service: unknown Variety: Average WHITEHOUSE PERENNIALS RR2 Almonte, ON K0A 1A0 Phone: (613)256-3406 Daylilies, Siberian iris, peonies and the top hostas. Will locate particular varieties for you. Also carries Ladbrooke soil blocks. $2 refundable Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown WICKLEIN'S WATER GARDENS PO Box 440037 Brentwood MO 63144-0437 Phone: unknown Aquatics. Waterlilies. $1.00 for list. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown GILBERT H WILD AND SON, INC. P.O. Box 338 Sarcoxie, Mo. 64862-0338 (417) 548-3514 Daylilies and peonies Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown WILD EARTH NURSERY 49 Mead Ave Freehold NJ 07728 Phone: unknown Propagated wildflowers, ferns, grasses. Descriptive catalog $2.00, refundable. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown WILDGINGER WOODLANDS P.O. Box 1091 Webster, NY 14580 Phone: unknown Specialize in wildflowers and woodland plants and shrubs. Some descriptions. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown WILDSEED INC. 1101 Campo Rosa Rd, P.O. Box 308 Eagle Lake,Texas 77434 (409) 2347353, fax: (409) 234-7407 Catalog $2. Wildflowers, exotic garden varieties, herbs. Extremely informative catalog which includes info about when and where to plant, average success rate, bloom period, history and pictures of both seedlings and adult plants. Quality: unknown Price: $-$$ Service: excellent Variety: good WILDWOOD, INC. Rt. 3, Box 165 Pittsboro, NC 27312 (919) 542-4344 SASE for catalog. Sells their own cultivars and hybrids of Cardinal Flower (Lobelia cardinalis). Ship mid-March to mid- June only. Catalog sales only. Quality: unknown Price: $$ Service: unknown Variety: Good, for Lobelia WILK ORCHID SPECIALISTS P.O. Box 1177 45-212 Nohonani Pl. Kaneohe HI 96744 Phone: unknown Specialty orchids Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown WILLAMETTE VALLEY GARDENS Box 285-A Lake Oswego OR 97034 Phone: unknown Perennials. Stamp for catalog. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown WILLHITE SEED CO. P.O. Box 23 Poolville TX 76076 (817) 599-8656 General and vegetable seeds. One problem that some people may not like is that there are no instructions on how to plant, seed depth, days to sprout, etc. on their packages. It does have some of that info. in their catalogue. Quality: Excellent Price: unknown Service: Excellent Variety: unknown NANCY WILSON SPECIES & MINIATURE NARCISSUS 6525 Briceland-Thorn Rd. Garberville Ca 95440 Phone: unknown Presumably a narcissus bulb specialist. Catalog $1.00. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown WILTON'S ORGANIC SEED POTATOES P.O. Box 28 Aspen CO 81612 Phone: unknown Vegetables - Specializing in organically grown seed potatoes. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown WINDROSE LTD 1093 Ackermanville Rd Pen Argyl PA 18072-9670 Phone: unknown Rare trees and shrubs Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown WINTERFELD RANCH SEED Box 97 Swan Valley, ID 83449 Phone: unknown Natives - Specialize in prairie grasses seed. listing Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown WOMACK NURSERY CO. Rt. 1, Box 80 DeLeon TX 76444-9649 (817) 893-6497 FAX: (817) 893-3400 Nut and fruit trees, esp. pecans, peaches. Good selection of pruning shears and knives, and budding knives. $25 min. order. Ship nursery stock mid-Dec. through March. 34-page catalog with b/w pics and brief descriptions, free. Quality: unknown Price: $$ to $$$ Service: unknown Variety: Fair to Good TOM WOOD NURSERY P.O. Box 100 Archer, FL 32618 Phone: unknown Tropical - Ginger and ginger relatives specialist Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown WOODLANDERS INC 1128 Colleton Ave. Aiken, SC 29801 (803) 648-7522 Specializing in native plants for zones 7-9. Also has many exotic plants, bamboo, ferns, yuccas, tea. (Cat $3) . Quality: Good Prices: $$ Service: Average Variety: Excellent WOODWINDS NURSERY RR1 Bluevale, ON N0G 1G0 Phone: (519)335-3749 Rare fruit trees, old-fashioned, connoisseur and hardy. Custom grafting service, native trees and shrubs. $2 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown WORM'S WAY 3151 South Highway 446 Bloomington IN47401 (800) 274-9676 Supplies, equipment. Everything for the hydroponic and greenhouse gardener. Beneficial insects, organic supplies. Call for the Urban Farmer's Sourcebook. Quality: unknown Price: $$$ Service: unknown Variety: Good THE WORM FACTORY 129G Sherbrook St. E. Perth, ON K7H 1B1 Phone: (613)267-5540 Vermiculture kits, bulk redworms, earthworm book titles, replacement bedding and worm castings. Live delivery across Canada year round. Free. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown WRENWOOD OF BERKELEY SPRINGS Route 4, Box 361 Berkeley Springs, WV 25411 (304) 258-3071 Misc - Catalog $2. Mentioned as a source for tanacetum niveum, but unknown what else they carry. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown WRIGHTMAN ALPINES RR3 Kerwood, ON N0M 2B0 Phone: (519)247-3751 Specialist growers of alpine plants from central Asia and western NA. $2 Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown WYATT-QUARLES SEED CO. P.O. Box 739 Garner NC Phone: unknown Specialty unknown Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown YO RANCH CACTUS COMPANY P.O. Box 1443 Ingram TX. 78025 Phone: unknown Native cactus. Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Variety: unknown YUCCA DO NURSERY P.O. Box 655 Waller, TX 77484 (409) 826-6363 Natives. Catalog $3.00 John Fairley & Carl Schoenfeld go on plant collecting expeditions into Mexico looking desirable and climate appropriate material for Texas and other parts of the U.S. Hardy palms, high altitude Mexican species. Quality: Good Price: $$$ Service: Fair Variety: Excellent STANLEY ZUBROWSKI Box 26 Prairie River, SK S0E 1J0 Phone: (306)889-4227 Seeds for variety of tomatoes, hardy clematis, some perennials. Free with SASE Quality: unknown Price: unknown Service: unknown Varieties: unknown ´...»€ alt.agriculture.fruitò€ net-resourcesú resources€ mail-order general€ varieties€ organizations'faqs´SAP-News´SAP.News´apple.trees´$apple.trees.m-o.nurseries´apples.mail-order´apples.moreinfo´berry-varieties ´berry.varieties´ blueberries.rabbiteye´ $dancy.tangerines.tribute´fruit´$ fruit-growers´ fruit-growing-orgs´ fruit-nut.cat´$fruit-plant-material.m-o´peach.leaf.curl´ grape.cult´kiwi´paw-paw.moreinfo´ mulberries´serviceberry´ Home.Orchard.Society.1´ Orchard.Almanac-book´oranges.varieties´navel.oranges.faq´ncccrfg.meeting´fruit.tree.catalog´$jonagold.apple.m-o.source´CRFG-1994meeting´raspberries´ Mccoun-apple´ TIRA´!filelist´"HOS.fruit-show´#fruit-nut.importing´$,#The.Mighty.LingonBerry.by-R.E.Gough´%jujube´&wild-berry-plants´' ftp-site.tangerine-info´($USDA-NCGR.fruit-gene-bank´)(SPUDCO.OrhardHeaters.Mfg.Net´*$CRFG-international-email-ID´+(thornless-boysenberries-sources´, citrus-update´-Ubileen.pear´. scion-eXchange.var-list´/ scion-eXchange-program´0(rare-fruit-grwng´1exotic-fruit.1-95´2apples.1-95´3$shade-tolerant-fruit.1-95´4medlars.1-95´5tropical-fruit.1-95´6$shade-tolerant-fruit-2.1-95 ´7strawberries-1.1-95´8medlars-2.1-95´9 pawpaw-1.1-95´: allfieldberry-1.1-95´; pawpaw.feedback.3.1-95´< Subject-Index´=,!Organic-Grape-and-Wine-Conference´>Tropical.Fruit.News´?apples-and-vitamib´@apples-and-vitamins´A0nutrients-in-high-yield-hybrids´B8.NCGR-strawberry-germplasm-collectionexpansion´C$wild-blueberries.www-page´D$Strawberry.Facts.www-page´Â€Bishops.OrchardsFrom
[email protected] Thu May 18 00:10:29 EDT 1995 Article: 69953 of rec.gardens Path: bigblue.oit.unc.edu!concert!news-server.ncren.net!taco.cc.ncsu.edu!gatech!howland.reston.ans.net!newse1a.megaweb.com!newstf01.news.aol.com!uunet!yrkpa.kias.com!usenet From:
[email protected] (bill griffith) Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: Gardening Resources on the Interent - gardfaq.txt [1/1] Date: 15 May 1995 02:47:00 GMT Organization: kias Lines: 333 Message-ID: <
[email protected]> NNTP-Posting-Host: slip18.kias.com Mime-Version: 1.0 X-Newsreader: WinVN 0.93.14 Updated 5/14/95 Well this is the second posting of this list. I have made a few corrections and added a few sites. I wish to keep this list up to date with corrections and new info as it becomes available. I could not have gathered all this info myself. I would like to thank Karen Fletcher, Georgina Brown, Adam Finkelstein, Graeme Roberts, David Wallis, Shelly Johnson, Mike Tyler, Gary Lipe, Mitchell Owen, Don Harper and Craig Lowery. I hope I didn't miss anyone. I would like to send a special thanks to Cheryl Trine for proofing this document and for posting it on her Web page (GardenNet, under GardenNet's Guide to Internet Garden Resources). She also informed me that this list should be available via anonymous ftp in mid May. I will repost this list when that is established with the appropriate directory info. This list is also available via email at
[email protected], Subject:Gardening FAQ with no message. Thanx a whole heap Cheryl! And may your plants bring you joy and perpetual happiness! Many of the sites listed have links to other sites listed and not listed. I have done my best to check the accuracy of the whole thing and will look forward to being corrected on my mistakes. I would like to keep the list updated with new sites so please send any new site info or info not included in this list to me at billg@yrkpa. kias.com. I will re-post this list on rec.gardens every month as I get the chance. No guarantees. mailing lists:
[email protected] (send sub info to
[email protected]) (ed. note: This is a one way mailing list. You will receive several messages at the beginning of each month after subscribing. The list covers many subjects but concentrates on the state of Virginia. You can receive one message combining all the smaller messages into one but using the digest command.)
[email protected] (send sub info to
[email protected]) (ed. note: I subscribed to this list for about a year. It was not unusual to receive 50+ messages each day.) Daffodil discussion list- send the message subscribe daffodil your name to
[email protected]. Note about mailing lists; you should send a message with the command help in the body to the listserve at the site which maintains the mailing list to get a complete list of commands (including how to unsubscribe). You should save that message in a safe place for future reference. WWW: http://www.prairienet.org/ag/garden/maillist.htm (ed. note: list of gardening lists) databases: Penpages- telnet to psupen.psu.edu login as the abbreviation of your state (i.e. PA, WA etc....) (ed. note: Has entries about gardening as well as family, health, parenting and many other subjects. Has keyword searches and "items added this week selections".) Virginia Cooperative Extension Servicegopher to gopher.ext.vt..edu | VCE Subject Matter | (ed. note: There are many subdirectories below this one. My advice is to look around and if you don't find what you looking for on your first look, try another route. I found 2 files about fruit in one section and 1 about fruit in another seemingly unrelated section. The keyword search appears to be fairly unreliable. I searched for "tomato" and got "Gloxinia". Virginia Cooperative Extension gopher. Includes environmental issues, pest management, plant fact sheets." Any other opinions would be appreciated.) Sunsite- ftpmail:
[email protected] (ed. note: unconfirmed) WWW: http://sunsite.unc.edu:80/garden-gate/ Many archives of various newsgroups and mailing lists. FAQ's for many newsgroups related to gardens (rec.gardens!) as well as documents on varied subjects from biological pest control and food preservation etc... As well as guides to Internet resources. (ed. note: I had to summarize the info offered at this site and looking over the list it is hard to imagine a hard drive which can hold all this info!) North Carolina State University- WWW: http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/subjects.html Garden Tours: University of Delaware- http://bluehen.ags.udel.edu/udgarden.html (ed. note: limited info) Insects: WWW: http://ipm_www.ncsu.edu/insect_notes/insect_notes.html (NCSU Department of Entymology) Diseases: WWW: http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/pp/catalog.html (NCSU Plant Pathogens) Bonsai: anonymous ftp: bonsai.pass.wayne.edu cd pub/GIFS/* bonsai.pass.wayne.edu cd pub/Information/* rtfm.mit.edu cd pub/usenet/news.answers/bonsai-faq/* mailing lists:
[email protected] (sub to
[email protected])
[email protected] (sub to listserv@...) Usenet: alt.bonsai rec.arts.bonsai Chia pets: Usenet: alt.pets.chia Children's Gardening: Gopher: gopher.ext.vt.edu | VCE Subject Matter | Horticulture | Consumer Horticulture | General Horticulture Information | Children's Gardening Flowers: Usenet: rec.gardens.orchids rec.gardens.roses Wildflowers: http://rampages.onramp.net/~garylipe/ (Wildflower courses, walks, events and resources.) Software reviews: WWW: http://www.tcp.ca/Jan95/Gardening.html http://sunsite.unc.edu/garden_gate/ereview.htm Fruit Growing: Gopher: gopher.ext.vt.edu | VCE Subject Matter | Horticulture | Consumer Horticulture | The Virginia Gardener Extension Publications | Miscellaneous (ed. note: 2 articles) gopher.ext.vt.edu | VCE Subject Matter | Horticulture | Consumer Horticulture | General Horticulture Information | Hort Articles | Fruits and Nuts (ed. note: 1 articles) WWW: http://www.biddeford.com/~dtaylor/ww/ww14a.html (Raspberry faq) (ed. note: Obviously I need more sites for Fruit Growing.) Garden Encyclopedia: WWW: http://www.btw.com/garden_archive/toc.html (A searchable index of many garden subjects including tools, pest control, seed starting etc...) http://www.timeinc.com/vg (ed.note:
[email protected] says...Time Life's Virtual Garden. It includes a searchable plant encyclopedia with about 1200 plants. The encyclopedia allows you to select certain criteria you have available and suggests the plants that meet it. It also has list of foliage plants and flowering plants and what conditions each requires. There are also other things there including articles from recent issues of Southern Living and Sunset Magazines. Takes a little patience to download things because there are generous graphics sprinkled throughout.) (ed. note: You have to sign up to access the Gardening Library. I don't know what that entails (i.e. maybe another snail mailing list?)) Software: ftp: rigel.acs.oakland.edu /Simtel/msdos/database/gardener.zip and seed11.zip Herbs: Gopher: extsparc.agsci.usu.edu | Selected Documents (Utah State Extension) | Fact Sheets | Agriculture | Gardens | Herbs calypso-2.oit.unc.edu | Worlds of SunSITE-by Subject | Sustainable Agriculture Information | Gardening | Miscellaneous Information on Herbs gopher.ext.vt.edu | VCE Subject Matter | Horticulture | Consumer Horticulture | General Horticulture Information | Children's Gardening | 4-H Horticulture Publications at Va Tech | Herb Garden (ed. note: the Internet Yellow Pages notes this particular directory deals with "Herbal Variations... play games with and make gifts out of" herbs...) mailing list:
[email protected] (subscription address listserv@trearn. bitnet) Vegetables: Gopher: gopher.udel.edu | UD Department | AGINFO:College of Agricultural Sciences | Information by Type of Publication | Fact Sheets | Vegetables Hydroponics: mailing list:
[email protected] (subscription info to majordomo@ hawg.stanford.edu) Indoor Plants: Gopher: gopher.ext.vt.edu | VCE Subject Matter | Horticulture | Consumer Horticulture | Hort Articles | Indoor Plants (ed. note: 2 articles) gopher.ext.vt.edu | VCE Subject Matter | Horticulture | Consumer Horticulture | Plant Fact Sheets (ed. note: many more articles) Master Gardener: Gopher: leviathan.tamu.edu | Master Gardener Information (ed. note:
[email protected] says...Internet Master Gardener. For problem solving. Categories such as fruits and nuts, flowering plants, ornamental trees and shrubs.) WWW: http://leviathan.tamu.edu:70 Pest Management: Gopher: gopher.ext.vt.edu | VCE Subject Matter | Entomology Trees: Gopher: gopher.udel.edu | UD Department, Program & College Information Services | AGINFO:College of Agricultural Sciences | AGINFO Plant Database gopher.ext.vt.edu | VCE Subject Matter | Horticulture | Consumer Horticulture | General Horticulture Information | Hort Articles | Woody Ornamentals Chiles: mailing list:
[email protected] WWW: http://chile.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu:8000/www/chile.html general info and miscellaneous: WWW: http://www.iquest.net/~plantone/ (ed. note: Plantasia Garden Co., hydroponics, under construction) http://arts.uwaterloo.ca/~camoock (a visual history of one persons gardens) http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/~gwr.gwrpage.html (a very good pointer for all sorts of gardening and other info) http://is.rice.edu/~shel/ http://www.prairienet.org/ag/garden/homepage.htm (The Garden Gate) http://mirror.wwa.com/mirror/garden/spdrsweb.htm (The Garden Spiders Web, Internet Resources for Gardeners) http://seidel.ncsa.uiuc.edu/PBM-FAQ/Default.html (Plants by Mail FAQ) (ed. note: Other gardening stuff at Peter and Carla's home page.) http://www.rain.org/~sals.my.html (Organic Farmers home page) http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/others.html (Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew England) http://155.187.10.12/index.html (Australian National Botanical Gardens) http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/tpws.html (Tasmanian Parks and Wildlife Service) http://life.anu.edu.au:80/biodiversity/iopi/iopi.html (International Organization for Plant Information, Australian National University) http://pluto.taranaki.ac.nz/pukeiti/welcome.html (Pukeiti Rhodedendron Trust, New Zealand) http://www.olympus.net/gardens/welcome.html (GardenNet) (also the home of this list!) http://www.goshen.edu:80/~kevin/garden/garden.html (The Artist's Garden Exhibit) http://www.cog.brown.edu:80/gardening (Cyndi's Garden catalog list) http://gopher.ag.uiuc.edu/hort/sourcesp.html (Sources) http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort.hil/index.html (North Carolina Coopeative Extension Service) http://mirror.wwa.com/mirror/garden/cyberplt.html (The Cyber Plantsman) gopher: gopher://life.anu.edu.au:70/11/biodiversity/ Usenet news: rec.gardens From
[email protected] Fri Oct 13 01:04:12 EDT 1995 Article: 73959 of rec.gardens Path: bigblue.oit.unc.edu!concert!gatech!howland.reston.ans.net!vixen.cso.uiuc.edu!ux1.cso.uiuc.edu!troutman From: Leslie Troutman Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: *** PERIODIC POSTING OF KEYWORDS *** Date: Sun, 4 Jun 1995 12:20:51 -0500 Organization: University of Illinois at Urbana Lines: 30 Message-ID: NNTP-Posting-Host: ux1.cso.uiuc.edu Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Periodic posting of keywords. Revised 5/11/95 The following keywords may be used at the beginning of your subject line when posting to rec.gardens. CHAT for "how's your garden doing, what's happening in your part of the world," and discussions like this. EDIB for edible plants GH for greenhouses and indoor gardening HERB for herbs (ornamental & edible!) LAWN for lawn and pasture questions MISC ACK! I can't figure out which keyword to use! NEWS for announcements ORN for ornamentals ORG for organic issues (composting, etc.) PEST for pest control, including weeds, bugs, and other pests SEED for propagation techniques, including seeds TOOL for equipment and techniques TREE for arboriculture ZONE for questions on zones and hardiness Use of these keywords will make reading this large (and wonderful) list a bit easier. Thanks! Leslie Troutman
[email protected] From
[email protected] Tue Apr 18 01:39:45 EDT 1995 Article: 63458 of rec.gardens Path: bigblue.oit.unc.edu!concert!rutgers!hookup!news.mathworks.com!udel!gatech!howland.reston.ans.net!vixen.cso.uiuc.edu!uxa.cso.uiuc.edu!leppik From:
[email protected] (Peter Leppik) Newsgroups: rec.gardens,rec.gardens.roses,rec.answers,news.answers Subject: Plants By Mail FAQ Supersedes: Followup-To: rec.gardens Date: 12 Apr 1995 02:18:58 GMT Organization: University of Illinois at Urbana Lines: 1063 Approved:
[email protected] Message-ID: Reply-To:
[email protected] NNTP-Posting-Host: uxa.cso.uiuc.edu Summary: This FAQ contains information about buying plants and garden supplies through the mail. It includes suggestions, information about what to expect, and a lengthy list of mail-order companies. Opionions about some companies (derived from experiences with those companies) are included. Originator:
[email protected] Xref: bigblue.oit.unc.edu rec.gardens:63458 rec.gardens.roses:5206 rec.answers:10978 news.answers:40130 Archive-name: plants-by-mail Posting-Frequency: bimonthly (sporadic) The Plants By Mail FAQ by Peter Leppik
[email protected] This document is intended to introduce readers to the world of buying plants by mail order; and also to serve as a central clearinghouse for information about contacting various mail order plant houses. I make no claims about being more informed on this topic than your average Joe, but I saw the need, and I'm willing to put forth the effort to compile and maintain this. The version of this FAQ posted to USENET used to include a complete list of catalogs, with addresses and comments. This is no longer done, because the list was outgrowing the rest of the FAQ. Instead, the catalog list can be accessed at http://seidel.ncsa.uiuc.edu/PBM-FAQ/Default.html. If you don't have WWW access, you can send E-mail to
[email protected], telling me which catalogs you want the full listing for, and I'll send you those entries. History: * Updated: 4/11/95 * Minor revisions. Some list entries added, oters expanded. With this revision, I've started noting the time when changes to list entries were made, to better track potentially obsolete comments. * Updated: 2/22/95 * Updated: 1/22/95 * Updated: 7/12/94 * Updated: 4/30/94 * Originally Created: 3/17/94 (late at night) Contents: 1. Introduction 2. But First, A Word From Our Lawyers 3. How To Tell a Good Company from a Bad One (or: Things To Look For Before Taking the Plunge) 4. What To Do When Your Order Arrives (or: OhMyGawd! There's No DIRT With These Plants!) 5. Which Catalog To Order From 6. Mail Order Houses, How to Contact Them, and My Opinions Thereof 7. But Before We Go.... ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Introduction It seems that one of the most common article titles in rec.gardens is, "How can I reach XYZZY?" or, "The Plugh company sent me a catalog. Are they any good?" I hope to be able to answer some of these questions in a reasonably definitive manner (the first is easy, the second harder), and provide the neophyte with some introduction to buying plants by mail. My experience in this area has been short, but intense. After finally moving from a small condo into a real house (with a YARD and a GARDEN even!) in 1993, one of my first projects was to begin widespread replanting of the yard (which is mostly boring grass, or very ugly hybrid poplars). To do that, I began ordering large numbers of bulbs and plants from a number of mail-order houses. Some were good, some were bad, and I learned a lot about what to look for and what to avoid. I welcome any and all comments. Send them to
[email protected]. If there is some catalog not covered here which you think should be, by all means let me know. If you do send me comments, PLEASE please respect my poor, overworked mailer. I've had people resend me the entire FAQ just for a few lines of comments, and I even had one person send me a bunch of UUencoded binary pictures! Needless to say, this doesn't help me much, and it wastes my disk space. That said....do send comments, because they do help! I assume that, if you send me comments, you don't mind if they find their way into a future edition. I'll try to verify this, but sometimes I forget. Thus, if you DON'T want you name in a future edition of the FAQ, be sure to say so. For the full version of the catalog list, you need to go to the WWW version of this FAQ, at http://seidel.ncsa.uiuc.edu/PBM-FAQ.html. If you don't have WWW access, send E-mail to me listing which companies you want more information about, and I'll send you the full listings. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Disclaimer All opinions in this document are the opinions of the author, unless otherwise noted. The author is well-known for his arbitrary and capricious judgments, and cannot be held liable for anything he says herein. Besides, the author is a poor grad student, and suing him is like trying to squeeze blood from a rock. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- How To Tell a Good Company from a Bad One (or: Things To Look For Before Taking the Plunge) If you are like me, you probably have a dozen or two catalogs from various places, some fancy, others plain, and you're wondering who to order from and how to tell the difference between a place that really cares, and a place that is just trying to unload some poor, pathetic bits of green stuff on The Gullible Majority. In this section, I will outline what I think a good mail order company should do, and what you should consider before buying a plant sight-unseen. Keep in mind that this is aimed at the relative neophyte, who needs a little more service than the extremely experienced gardener....there are plenty of companies which provide good plants, but don't offer the level of service than many gardeners need. What a Good Mail-Order Company Will Do 1. Every perennial in the catalog should have a clearly indicated hardiness range. That is, for every perennial (anything you expect to last more than one year) should have indicated which USDA hardiness zones it will survive in. Simple adjectives like "hardy," or "tender," are NOT sufficient. Perhaps I am biased, being a Minnesota native currently living in Illinois, but I have seen too many catalogs which do not include this crucial information. Without knowing this, it is too easy to buy plants that won't survive in your climate. This also includes those of you who live in places like Southern California, where it never gets cold, since some plants require a period of cold temperatures every year in order to survive/bloom/etc. 2. Every plant should have its botanical (scientific) name listed. Of course, this doesn't count for things like roses or tomatoes, which everybody knows what that are. This may sound picky, but think about it: if you ever want to get information on this plant from some other source, and they use their own name, you might have a devil of a time figuring out how to get information. A plant's botanical name is unique. I have seen places that will take a standard variety of some plant, come up with a flashy (trademarked) name, and sell it as something special. Needless to say, this is dishonest. 3. Information on the habitat requirements should be easy to find. By this, I mean answers to questions like, how much sun does it need, how much water, and so forth. Nearly every catalog has this, but if you see one that doesn't, stay away. 4. A good company will be able to answer questions about their products. Really, this is basic. If you call them, and ask about something, they should be able to answer your question. If they can only take orders, this is a Bad Sign. (By the way, in many places, you can call your local County Extension office to get information about plants, too.) Finally, something that you should probably ignore: 5. Every mail order catalog that I've seen offers some sort of guarantee. This should NOT be a factor in deciding where to buy from. After all, what good does it do if they replace a plant that died because you can't grow oranges in Alaska? The replacement will just die, too, and you'll spend twice as much time on a plant that was Never Meant To Be. Some people have even noted an inverse relation between the quality of the guarantee and the quality of the plants: the louder the company proclaims its "FOOLPROOF 100% MONEY-BACK GUARANTEE," the worse the plants are when they arrive. What To Consider Before Taking the Plunge Okay, so you've got your heart set on the beautiful Creeping Green Stuff. Before plunking your money and time on it (usually more time than money), you should stop and ask yourself a few questions: 1. Will it grow in my area? If they don't make it CLEAR (i.e. by telling you the hardiness zone), then avoid that plant, or buy it from somebody who will tell you. 2. Do I have a place to put it? It is very easy to get spring fever when all the catalogs start arriving midwinter, and wind up buying enough plants to cover every square inch of your yard two or three times over. Make sure you have a specific place for each and every plant you order, and make sure you will have the time to plant it when it arrives. Keep in mind that you will probably have to plant them soon after they arrive, and you might not be able to control the exact day they arrive. Thus, ordering 150 bushes for a new hedge from one place, all of which will arrive via UPS on the same day and need to be planted immediately, is probably not a good idea. Believe me. I've done it. 3. Will it really look the way I want it to? Keep in mind that the pictures in the catalogs are designed to sell plants, and the plants in your garden will generally not look quite as nice. I have seen a lot of comments from people in rec.gardens about the rose Blue Girl as a particular offender in this respect. Also keep in mind that illustrations (and photographs) can be very deceptive. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- What To Do When Your Order Arrives (or: OhMyGawd! There's No DIRT With These Plants!) The most important thing to do when your order arrives is DON'T PANIC! Good. Take a few deep breaths. The reason your roses/trees/whatever arrived without any dirt is not because the company sent you dead plants. Shipping woody plants without dirt ("bare-root") is standard. First, it does not harm the plants much, as long as the company has taken steps to ensure that the roots don't dry out. Usually, this involves dipping the roots in some sort of stuff that helps retain moisture. Second, shipping plants bare-root helps keep shipping costs down. Shipping with dirt could easily double or triple the weight of the plant when shipped, and make it that much more expensive to buy. Finally, shipping plants bare-root helps prevent the spread of pests that live in the soil (like the Japanese beetle). Needless to say, unless you're buying small seedlings, it would be expensive for a company to grow all their stock in greenhouses. There are a few places which ship plants in pots. Shipping a plant with the dirt will be less traumatic to the plants, and, as a rule, you can expect these plants to be healthier, but, because of shipping expenses, they will often also be much smaller than bare-root plants--and more expensive. Given the option, I will usually buy the plant shipped in a pot, since the quality is often much higher. In addition, there are some plants which have to be shipped in pots, simply because they're too fragile otherwise. Generally, you will get a little booklet with your order explaining how to plant your new plants. Usually, the first thing to do (with bare root plants) is to stick them in a bucket of water for some time. You should do this as soon as they arrive. Then, dig a hole according to the booklet instructions, and plant those buggers. It may take some time for your new plants to leaf out, especially if they're dormant when shipped. Again, don't panic. If you planted in the spring, don't call the company to complain that the plants are dead until midsummer. They'll just tell you to wait, because sometimes the plants take a while to adjust to their new surroundings. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Which Catalog To Order From If you are buying roses, you should certainly order from a catalog which specializes in roses. There are quite a few of these catalogs, and you will generally get better selection, quality, and price than you would from buying from a catalog which doesn't specialize in roses. For some reason, this rule of thumb seems to be the other way around when buying bulbs. I have had the best experiences buying bulbs from White Flower Farms, which is generally an outstanding catalog, but they aren't even remotely limited to bulbs. My worst experiences, on the other hand, were with places that sell only, or mainly bulbs. Go figure. Not everybody will agree with my judgments. After much consideration (and several long discussions on the order of "Company X isn't really THAT bad!"), I've decided that the main consideration has to be consistency. That means that I can count on large plants, of a uniformly high quality, every time I order. Note, too, that I haven't yet had anyone take issue with my list of "Good" companies, just the "Bad" ones. Having said that, here is my list of best and worst companies, based primarily on my personal experiences: Really Good Companies: * White Flower Farms * Nor'East Miniature Roses * Heirloom Old Garden Roses (but see below) * Gardener's Supply Company * Shepherd's Garden Seeds * Stark Brothers Companies To Avoid: * Spring Hill * Michigan Bulb Co. * Breck's Bulbs ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- White Flower Farm Litchfield, CT 06759-0050 Orders: (203) 496-9600 White Flower Farm sells just about every kind of ornamental plant that one might reasonably want to grow in North America. OPINION: I will state my bias right up front: White Flower Farm is far and away my favorite catalog. They have a reputation for being "upscale," but their prices are only slightly above average. Their catalog offers a wealth of useful horticultural information, along with interesting commentary about each and every plant. All the information you need to know (hardiness, planting requirements, light requirements, etc.) is compiled in a single useful index, as well as being stated with the description of each plant. The catalog is organized alphabetically by genus name, so in addition to being fun to read (and look at the pictures), it makes a very useful reference. Of course, the catalog is only secondary to the merchandise. Fortunately, their produce more than lives up to the high standards set by the catalog: it is absolutely first rate. When I was buying daylillies, crocuses, and daffodils from White Flower Farm and other catalogs, the bulbs or roots from White Flower were often more than twice the size of the ones from other vendors, and at a comparable price. Even if you never buy anything from White Flower Farm, you should get their catalog as a reference, since it is almost as good as buying a book on ornamental plants, but a whole lot cheaper. Sean A. O'Hara (
[email protected]) disagrees with some of my tone: Not really a flame, but please! I have a few of White Flower Farm's catalogues, and I do value them for their reference quality and nice photographs. But their plants and garden information is distinctively East Coast in character. I would very much enjoy growing a number of plants they list, but no longer attempt such folly as they are definitely inappropriate for my arid western climate (as would many of the plants I cherish in my garden be inappropriate for yours). Please, let us not forget those 'less fortunate' souls who garden elsewhere! North America is a big place, and I do not expect my garden to look like your any more that I expect your to look like mine. This reminds me of the search for a "North American gardening style". I can think of nothing more ridiculous to search for - as if it could ever be defined for a continent like ours - or that you'd want to try! This has always been a way to 'one up' the 'English style'. Well, England is a relatively small place, and even then it contains diversity more than we imagine. I must plead guilty here. Perhaps I should have said that they sell "just about any ornamental plant one might reasonably want to grow East of the Rockies...."
[email protected] reports: I ordered fuscia (vodoo and swarthy gem) which aren't doing so well. Tristar Strawberry plants satisfactory. Begonia tubers mediocre. I also liked the catalog ;-) Spring 1995: Marie Wilson (
[email protected]) reports: As a newbie bulb grower and reader of rec.Gardens, I ordered my bulbs from White Flower Farm. All the bulbs I planted (100%) have bloomed and a full rich and lovely(hyacinths)(sp?) Angeligue Tulips and about 100 windflowers. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nor'East Miniature Roses, Inc. P.O. Box 307 Rowley, MA 01969 Phone: (508) 948-7964 Orders: 1-800-4266485 On the West Coast: Nor'East Miniature Roses, Inc. P.O. Box 473 Ontario, CA 91762 Phone: (909) 984-2223 Orders: 1-800-662-9669 A large selection of miniature roses, and some supplies for those who like to grow them (like miniature vases) OPINION: This company is also on my "Good-Guys" list. Their prices are quite reasonable, and their stock is high quality. Their catalog has photos of many of their offerings. If you are into miniature roses (or would like to be), this is the catalog to get.
[email protected] reports: cheap cute lil'roses. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Heirloom Old Garden Roses 24062 NE Riverside Dr. St. Paul, OR 91737 Orders: (503) 538-1576 This is a catalog of "old" roses: not a hybrid tea to be found. If you're looking for english or unusual roses, this is the place to go. OPINION: If you are a rose grower, and you are still growing hybrid teas, this catalog will convert you. Many of the old roses offered here are just as good, if not better than, the more common modern roses. The catalog offers a lot of information about a zillion different roses, including hardiness, and (my favorite) lists of roses well-suited for particular uses (i.e. roses for growing over trellises, roses for scent, etc.). Their stock is firstrate, and all grown on its own roots, so there are no bud unions to worry about. There is no separate phone number for questions, but I found the people answering the phone to be knowledgeable and helpful. Two thumbs up. Note that they charge $5 for the catalog, but once you're on their mailing list (i.e. after you buy something), they'll send it free. Kristin Bruneau reports a different story: About a month or so ago on rec.gardens.rose people started to discuss their experiences with the company. Over all it was very negative. Some of the major complaints were that the plants were too young (9 months or less), you never knew when they would get around to shipping your plant (some waited over a year), and the owners were very nasty when you had a problem (and basically said that's too bad). The only reason I am passing this along is that the responses were consistently bad and many people's stories were extreme (no roots on the rose, horribly nasty experiences with the staff). I too had a bad experience with them. I ordered from them last year for the first time. Even though the rose was in stock when I called in May, I had still not received it in July. I had to call up and raise a fuss before they finally agreed to send it out. Gosh only knows when I would have received it if I left it up to them. When it arrived it only had two canes, one completely stripped off and dangling from the plant. It only had two leaves on it and came with the worlds biggest slug that was the size of a nickle and covered in yellow fringe (Yuck!). I called them to complain and their response was basically "Oh". They only guarantee for the plants to arrive in good condition so I called. I did not want it replaced at that time because it would be too late in the season to plant another one (if they finally got around to sending it to me). I told them that I expected them to replace it if it died. They finally agreed. Well, at first it dropped the only two leaves that it had and I thought it would die. After a while it did come back though. It is doing ok, not great. The rose was Rosa Rugosa, basically a weed. Maybe that explains why I was so lucky it made it. Anyway, since Heirloom Old Garden Roses was on the highly recommended list I thought I'd pass these experiences along. I know that different people have different experiences and that we must weigh that in our minds when we order. Just my 2 cents worth. I don't know if this is due to temporary management problems, or something deeper. I'm going to keep this company on my "good guys" list for the time being, because of my good experiences, but I would appreciate any comments. >From the Rose FAQ, maintained by
[email protected] (Karen Baldwin): Catalog: $5 (a beautiful catalog -- well worth it as a reference guide) Service: One of two companies licensed as U.S. agents by Austin. "courageous enough to invest marketing $$$ in what was really sort of arisky project [Austin roses]" apparently no satisfaction guarantee; reports of many ignored complaints by phone and letter Plants: most complete offering of Austin roses of U.S. suppliers. own-root old roses and Austins Maturity: plants are extremely small and young, "very tiny plants," but most often they will survive if coddled (they say their plants are 6-9 mo old., which is arguably too young, yet recipients guess the roses they got were much younger than that. Many references to "twigs without roots") This problem may be due in part to availability issue (below), and HOGR attempt to make them available sooner. Delivery: Does NOT ship to Canada (would not say why). Availability of newly released Austins will lag behind Canada because of U.S. quarantine period. Many reports of broken canes. Unasked-for switching of plants from what was ordered, when ordered plant is unavailable ... or else up to year-long delays in shipment! to avoid, confirm during telephone order that plant is *in stock* and *ready to ship immediately* and specify *no substitutes*! However: will ship at any time of year (except when it is too cold for the plants to survive shipment.) James Roush (
[email protected]) reports: Read with interest your FAQ on rec.gardens.roses today, especially the stuff about problems with Heirloom Roses. I started orders with Heirloom 2 or 3 years ago, and although I think their catalogue is great, after 2 years of ordering from them I'm going to try to avoid it in the future. I love old garden roses, but..... I haven't had the problems you mentioned with grouchy consumer relations, but I, like you, had to beg to get my plants (came one year two months after they were promised), and I found the quality to be less than great. In fact, the second year I was doing some of my own cuttings and I found that my cuttings started in late April were bigger and better rooted than the plants I received from Heirloom in June. So much for 1 year old plants! The first year their excuse for being late was a computer crash, but the second year they had only the excuse of being too busy. Also, I used to belong to Compuserve and the garden group there ran a long string of responses 2 years ago with people who had bad experiences with them. Even people who supported them (on the basis that they are the only source for many roses) had had bad plants and experiences with them. On the plus side, most of the plants they sent (except a "Hunter" rugosa) survived with a little coddling--they're just a little behind. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gardener's Supply Co. 128 Intervale Rd. Burlington, VT 05401 Orders/Customer Service: (802) 863-1700 TDD: (802) 660-3530 Fax: (802) 660-4600 E-mail:
[email protected] WWW: http://www.cybermalls.com/cymont/gardener/index.htm All kinds of gardening supplies, and a few plants. OPINION: I have had good experiences with this company. Their products appear to be of a uniformly high quality, and a lot of people in rec.gardens swear by them. At least one of their employees reads this newsgroup, so you may be able to get answers "from the horse's mouth," if you know who to ask. If anybody can supply me with his E-mail address, I would appreciate it.
[email protected] reports: The Gardener's Supply people are great folks. I ordered a humongeous light fixture from them and UPS apparently dropped it in shipping, slightly denting inwards one end so I couldn't install the bulbs. GS took it back without a peep. I have placed at least five orders for various things over the past 2-3 years and been very pleased. Their order takers all seem to be gardeners. Also, they credited my charge account twice for the return, (due to a disk crash, as it turned out), and when I called to let them know, they said thanks, and a few days later a freebie thank you package of maple syrup from one of their employee's subbusinesses showed up. Spring 1995: Gary Ross (
[email protected]), who seems to be connected to Gardener's Supply (though he doesn't say how), passed this along: Thanks for the listing for Gardener's Supply! We are not actually directly on-line yet on the WWW - we are using a third party for our cybershop and a shared connection here at the office. But, we should be on-line directly within a few weeks and will send along our e-mail address and contact names at that time. In the meantime, we can also be reached on Compuserve at
[email protected]. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Shepherd's Garden Seeds 30 Irene St. Torrington, CT 06790 Orders: East (203) 482-3638, West (408) 335-6910 Customer Service: (203) 482-3638 Horticultural Help: (408) 335-6910 Shepherd's sells mostly seeds, but also a few plants, and some kitchen and garden supplies. OPINION: The stylish illustrations in this catalog give it a distinctly yuppie feel, but this is a good catalog nevertheless. They have a number of varieties that are hard to find elsewhere (a whole PAGE of ornamental sunflowers!), and a wealth of useful horticultural information. My order arrived promptly, in good order, and appears to be high quality (it is still a little soon for things to be sprouting around here, though). Prices are a little above average, but seeds are cheap no matter how you slice it. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Stark Brothers P.O. Box 10 Louisiana, MO 63353-0010 Orders: 1-800-325-4180 Customer Service: 1-800-478-2759 Stark Brothers sells almost exclusively fruit trees, and a few ornamentals. Eric Reed (
[email protected]) reports: Stark Brothers have been around for a long time. Many of their fruit trees are their own hybrids. I have order from them twice, both times the orders were very well packed and the trees were healthy and in general good shape. I planted a local nursery apple tree and a Stark tree the same weekend. The Stark tree has done much better. It has grown faster and produce fruit earlier than the local nursery tree. The catalog is well written and gives a lot of information on each tree. Spring 1995: I ordered an apricot tree and a bunch of lilac bushes from Strk Brothers this spring, and they all came at the right time for planting, in excellent shape. Given the size and quality of the stock they sent me, and the prices they charged, they are an excellent value. I'll know better in a year or so how well the plants did (they are just breaking dormancy now), but early signs are all good. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Spring Hill Mail Order Reservation Center 6523 North Galena Rd. P.O. Box 1758 Peoria, IL 61656-1758 Orders: (309) 689-3800 Customer Service: (309) 689-3849 Spring Hill sells just about any kind of plant that catches their fancy. OPINION: Spring Hill is one of these places that is in the business of dumping cheap, inappropriate merchandise on unsuspecting customers. The quality of their merchandise is mediocre, even though the prices are about average. The provide little or no hardiness information, which is especially troublesome considering that they sell some plants (like carnations) for outdoor planting, even though they will not survive the winter in large portions of the U.S. Furthermore, if you ever buy anything from Spring Hill, you will be on their mailing list but good. I have received no less than four different catalogs from them in the last two months (not even counting the large number of "special offers" which seem to arrive about once a week, and at least one telemarketing call). Avoid this company like the plague. Note that Spring Hill appears to be the same company, or closely associated with, Breck's Bulbs, another company on my "Avoid" list. Al Harrington [
[email protected]] says: I think you are being way to hard on Spring Hill. I realize that they do not supply hardiness information, and that some of their plants are not in the best shape - their customer service is very good. I purchased the carnation collection (15 plants) and 2 of them died. I got credited for all 15 as it was a collection. I ordered a lot of stuff from them (over 100 plants) and just about all are doing just fine - what isn't I get credit for. If nothing else seeing color pictures of *everything* they sell is nice. :-) >From the Rose FAQ, maintained by
[email protected] (Karen Baldwin): Service: superlative customer service w/satisfaction guarantee Plants: "Usually grown by the Weaks Farm" Maturity: very good plants (some argument here: some claim their SH bushes are equivalent to or even better/more mature than J&P; but two indicated lesser quality stock evidenced by taking longer to root, not flourishing as well, lower survival rate) Delivery: Good packing in re-usable bedding material. "If rose unavailable, will be sent following year," (so no "surprise" deliveries of roses not ordered). ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Michigan Bulb Co. 1950 Waldorf NW Grad Rapids, MI 49550-0500 Michigan Bulb Company sells bulbs, perennials, and other assorted plants. OPINION: This catalog is filled with the kind of BREATHLESS PROSE and AMAZING BARGAINS designed to stampede the gardener into making impulse purchases. Their prices are cheap, but selection is limited, and quality was very mediocre. In addition, I was unable to find a phone number anywhere in the catalog--this could be a real problem, if you have problems with your order. To their credit, they generally include hardiness information. On the other hand, they also sell the "Blue Girl" rose, which is an automatic two demerits in my book. Go elsewhere.
[email protected] (Jeff Reifsteck) reports: I've had nothing but bad news from Michigan Bulb. The plants were poor and didn't survive. They did replace them without question but my 40 creeping myrtle (6" evergreen ground cover) became 40 crape myrtle (a big bush and a lot more expensive). I needed ground cover not bushes. Except for the replacement of a "Blue Girl" rose all the other replacements were not plantable.
[email protected] (Angela Pilote) reports: Last year I ordered some things from them -- NEVER AGAIN! I even told my husband to remind me of the poor quality of there plants and bulbs if he even SEES me *looking* at one of their catalogs. None of the plants survived and only about half (maybe less) of the bulbs came up. The bulbs also seemed very small and I think I read somewhere that this is a sign that the bulbs have not matured enough to bloom. The prices seem to be good, but if you factor in the survival rate and time invested -- it's not a deal. I'm better off paying premium prices at my nursery for good quality plants and bulbs. Evelyn Walker reports: I have ordered perinnals from Michigan Bulb company, the first year the blooms are not so big, but usually the second year it is bigger, If you plant them in a fertilized area the plants do a lot better. I have shasta daisies, carnations, guardinalla or whatever. I was really pleased with it. I plan on getting a few more for some bare spots in my yard Spring 1995: Lorraine Venner (
[email protected]) reports: Plants look really bad when you get them/. Both my sister & I have had good luck w/ them though. They are really inexpensive compared to other mail order places I have seen - so as long as they grow well.. looks aren't as important. They were hardy enough to make it through the unexpected hail storm we had (First time we had *any* hail/snow/ice in the last 8 years (before that I lived elsewhere). You do get *lots* of mail from them. Home depot can be cheaper for some plants ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Breck's Bulbs U.S. Reservation Center 6523 North Galena Rd. Peoria, IL 61632 Orders: (309) 689-3870 Breck's sells bulbs imported from Holland: tulips, crocuses, daffodils, etc. OPINION: Overall, I am not terribly impressed with Breck's. Their merchandise (contrary to the catalog hype) is not particularly premium, but their prices are higher than most places, even some places which have superior stock. They do not list hardiness for anything, though most of what they sell should do fine most places in the U.S. (they don't sell any of the really tender bulbs, like glads). You can do better elsewhere. Note that Breck's Bulbs appears to be the same company, or closely associated with, Spring Hill, another company on my "Avoid" list. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mail Order Catalogs How to Contact Them And Opinions Thereof If you have had experience with any mail-order company, good or bad, I want to hear about it! Your experiences will help other gardeners. Please, send any comments you have to me, at the above E-mail address. I'll include them in the on-line database, unless you don't want me to. Send comments, corrections, and additions to
[email protected]. I know of only a few companies with E-mail addresses. If you know of others, please let me know. It would be really nice to have a list of places to buy plants via E-mail (or get information, for that matter). In the USENET version of the FAQ, I'll give only names, to save space. You can E-mail me for more information on any listed company. For each company, I will list their name, mailing address, phone number, a general description of what they sell, and my opinions. Opinions are strictly mine, unless otherwise noted. I will not indicate an opinion unless I have actually ordered something from a company, unless the opinion is someone else's. [Comments] means that comments exist for this company, [+] means that this company is recommended, based on my personal experience, [-] means that this company is NOT recommended, based on my personal experience, and [Order] means I have personally ordered from this company. For a more extensive list of catalogs, see Cyndi Johnson's catalog list. Over 700 catalogs, but beware....not all browsers can load the whole list (250K).... * Abby Rose Gardens o Roses * Aitken's Salmon Creek Garden o Irises o Orchids * Antique Rose Emporium [Comments] o Old Garden Roses * Arena's Rose Company [Comments] o Roses * The Aril Patch o Aril Irises * B & D Lilies [Comments] o Lilies * The Banana Tree, Inc. [Comments] o Rare Seeds * Bear Creek Nursery * John and Janet Benz [Comments] o Daylilies * Bluestone Perennials [Comments] o Perennials o Shrubs * Breck's Bulbs [Comments] [-] [Order] o Bulbs * Bridges Roses o Mini Roses * Burpee o Seeds o Plants o Supplies * Busse Gardens [Comments] o Daylilies * Caprice Farm Nursery o Peonies o Daylilies o Irises * Carlton Rose Nurseries o Roses * Cascade Forestry Nursery * Chamblee's Rose Nursery o Mini Roses o Old Garden Roses * Charlotte's Gardens [Comments] o Heirloom Seeds * Clean Shaven Iris o Siberian Irises * Cook's Garden [Comments] o Seeds * Cooley's o Tall Bearded Irises * Cordon Bleu Farms [Comments] o Daylilies * Corn Hill Nurseries [Comments] o Roses * Corner Oaks Garden [Comments] o Daylilies * Country Bloomers Nursery [Comments] o Roses * The Crownsville Nursery [Comments] * C.W.S. Roses o Mini Roses * David Austin Roses Limited o Roses * Daylily Discounters [Comments] o Daylilies * Daylily World [Comments] o Daylilies * Georges Delbard o Roses * Draycott Gardens o Siberian Irises * Dutch Gardens, Inc. [Comments] o Bulbs * Edmund's Roses [Comments] o Roses * Ensata Gardens o Japanese Irises * Filaree Farm [Comments] * The Flowery Branch [Comments] * Flowers 'n Friends Miniature Roses o Mini Roses * Floyd Cove Nursery [Comments] o Daylilies * Forestfarm * Four Seasons Nursery o Nursery Stock o Supplies * Fungi Perfecti o Fungus * Gardens Alive o Organic Gardening Supplies * Gardener's Eden o Supplies * Gardener's Supply Co. [Comments] [+] [Order] o Supplies * Gilbert H Wild and Son, Inc. [Comments] o Daylilies o Peonies * Giles Ramblin' Roses o Roses * Girard Nurseries [Comments] o Azaleas * Gurney's [Comments] [Order] o Seeds o Plants o Supplies * Hall's Flower Garden [Comments] o Irises * Hardy Roses for the North [Comments] o Own-Root Roses * Heirloom Old Garden Roses [Comments] [+] [Order] o Old Roses * Henry Field's [Comments] o Seeds o Plants o Bulbs * Heritage Rosarium [Comments] o Roses * Heritage Rose Gardens [Comments] o Roses * Hidden Garden Nursery o Mini Roses * Holland Bulb Farms o Bulbs * Hortico [Comments] o Roses * J.L. Hudson, Seedsman [Comments] o Seeds * Hydrofarm [Comments] o Hydroponics * Clause Jardin o Roses * Jackson & Perkins [Comments] o Roses o Plants * Johnny's Selected Seeds * J. W. Jung Seed & Nursery [Comments] o Seeds o Nursery Stock o Supplies * Justice Miniature Roses o Mini Roses * Klehm Nursery o Peonies * Kordes [Comments] o Roses * Ladybug Beautiful [Comments] o Daylilies * Langenbach o Tools * Lee Valley Tools Ltd. o Supplies * Lenington Gardens [Comments] o Plants * Lilypons Water Gardens o Pond Supplies * Logee's Greenhouses [Comments] o Plants * Louisiana Nursery o Louisiana Irises * Lowe's Own-Root Roses [Comments] o Roses * Martha S. Davies Antique Roses [Comments] o Roses * McDaniel's Miniature Roses o Mini Roses * Mendocino Heirloom Roses [Comments] o Bulbs * Michigan Bulb Co. [Comments] [-] [Order] o Bulbs o Perennials * Michigan Miniature Roses o Mini Roses * Milaeger's Gardens [Comments] o Perennials o Daylilies o Grasses * J.E. Miller Nurseries, Inc [Comments] o Fruit Trees * Miller's Manor Gardens o Irises o Daylilies o Hosta * Bryant Millikan [Comments] o Daylilies * Mini Rose Garden o Mini Roses * Monarch Daylily Garden [Comments] o Daylilies * National Arbor Day Foundation [Comments] [Order] o Trees * Netherland Bulb Co. [Comments] o Bulbs * New Holland Bulb Co. o Bulbs o Perennials * Nor'East Miniature Roses, Inc. [Comments] [+] [Order] o Mini Roses * Northern Grown Perennials [Comments] o Perennials * Northwoods Retail Nursery o Nursery Stock * Oakes Daylilies [Comments] o Daylilies * Ohio Gardens o Mini Tall Bearded Irises * Olallie Daylily Gardens [Comments] o Daylilies * Oregon Miniature Roses o Mini Roses * Paradise Water Gardens o Pond Supplies * Park Seed Co. [Comments] o Seeds o Supplies * Pepinieres Louis Lens s.a. [Comments] o Roses * Perpetual Perennials [Comments] * Perry's Water Gardens o Pond Supplies * Peter Beales Roses o Roses * Pickering Nurseries, Inc. [Comments] o Roses * Pinetree Garden Seeds o Books o Seeds o Supplies * Quality Dutch Bulbs o Bulbs * Raintree Nursery [Comments] o Perennials * Rialto Gardens [Comments] o Reblooming Irises * Richters [Comments] o Herbs * Rock Bottom Farms [Comments] o Daylilies * Rosengaertnerei Kalbus [Comments] o Roses * Roses Of Yesterday And Today [Comments] o Roses * Roses Unlimited o Roses * The Rosseraie At Bayfields [Comments] o Roses * Royall River Roses [Comments] o Roses * Santa Barbara Water Gardens o Pond Supplies * John Scheepers, Inc [Comments] o Bulbs * Schreiner's o Tall Bearded Irises * R. Seawright [Comments] o Daylilies * Seeds of Change [Comments] o Seeds * Seed Savers Exchange [Comments] o Seed Exchange * Sequoia Nursery/Moore Miniature Roses [Comments] o Mini Roses * Shady Oaks Nursery [Comments] * Shepherd's Garden Seeds [Comments] [+] [Order] o Seeds * Siskiyou Rare Plant Nursery * Slocum Water Gardens o Pond Supplies * Smith & Hawken o Supplies * Soules Gardens [Comments] o Daylilies * Spring Hill [Comments] [-] [Order] o Plants * Stark Brothers [Comments] [+] [Order] o Fruit Trees * Stephens Lane Gardens [Comments] o Daylilies * Sunshine Farm & Garden [Comments] o 10,000 Hardy Plants * Taylor's Roses [Comments] o Mini Roses * Territorial Seed Co. o Seeds o Supplies * Tetra Pond o Pond Supplies * Texas Mini Roses o Mini Roses * Tiny Petals Miniature Rose Nursery [Comments] o Mini Roses * Trans-Pacific Nursery Collectors * Trophy Roses, LTD o Roses * Van Bourgondien Bros [Comments] o Bulbs * Van Dyek's Flower Farm o Bulbs * Van Engelen [Comments] o Wholesale Bulbs * Van Ness Water Gardens o Pond Supplies * The Vermont Wildflower Farm [Comments] o Wildflowers * Vintage Gardens [Comments] o Roses * Waterford Gardens o Pond Supplies * Wayside Gardens [Comments] * Weiss Brothers Nursery [Comments] * Whatley Gardens [Comments] o Daylilies * White Flower Farm [Comments] [+] [Order] o Ornamental Perennials o Bulbs o Supplies * Wildseed Farms, Inc. o Wildflower Seeds * Wimberlyway Gardens [Comments] o Daylilies * Woodlanders, Inc. o Native Plants * Woodside - a private garden [Comments] o Daylilies ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- But Before We Go.... I hope this FAQ has been useful. I also hope it has been accurate. If you find any mistakes, or have any comments, please send me E-mail at the address listed at the top of the file. Any suggestions for improving future editions will be happily accepted, and possibly even acted upon. Please send all suggestions, comments, corrections, and so forth to
[email protected] For the full listing of catalogs, with comments, see the WWW version of this FAQ at http://seidel.ncsa.uiuc.edu/PBMFAQ/Default.html. If you don't have WWW access, send E-mail to me listing which companies you want more information on, and I'll send you the full listings. -- Peter Leppik--
[email protected] Lost in the Information Supercollider http://seidel.ncsa.uiuc.edu/ This document (R.G-FAQs) is the August 8, 1995 update of: ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/academic/agriculture/sustainable_agriculture/R.G-FAQs http://sunSITE.unc.edu/london/R.G-FAQs For more information contact Lawrence London,
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[email protected] Mon May 22 13:28:44 EDT 1995 Article: 71017 of rec.gardens Path: bigblue.oit.unc.edu!concert!newsserver.ncren.net!taco.cc.ncsu.edu!gatech!howland.reston.ans.net!ix.netcom.com!netnews From:
[email protected] (Richard & Marsha) Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: Periodic Post FAQ US Plant Hardiness-Zones Date: 20 May 1995 02:16:44 GMT Organization: Netcom Lines: 136 Distribution: world Message-ID: <
[email protected]> NNTP-Posting-Host: ix-sc3-04.ix.netcom.com FAQ: US PLANT HARDINESS-ZONE CHART: Remember there are extremes in each of the zones described below. In each Zone you can have Dry-Normal-Wet moisture patterns, wind patterns, and sun/shade patterns. It is entirely possible for your garden to be in one zone and your neighbors garden in another. Likewise in severe weather years your Zone may vary from the normal pattern. Approximate range of Average Annual MINIMUM Temperatures. (Based on 10 deg.F increments) C=Centigrade/ F=Farenheit Zone 1 = below -45C/ -50F Zone 2 = -45C/-40C -50F/-40F Zone 3 = -40C/-34C -40F/-30F Zone 4 = -34C/-29C -30F/-20F Zone 5 = -29C/-23C -20F/-10F Zone 6 = -23C/-18C -10F/ 0F Zone 7 = -18C/-12C 0 F/+10F Zone 8 = -12C/- 7C +10F/+20F Zone 9 = - 7C/- 1C +20F/+30F Zone 10 = - 1C/+ 4C +30F/+40F Zone 11 = above+4C/ +40F ...............=======ooo=======....................... REVISED HARDINESS-ZONE CHART Annual Average MINIMUM Terperature (Based on 5 deg.F increments) Zone 1 = below -45.6/c -50F Zone 2a = -42.8/-45.5c -50/-45F Zone 2b = -42.7/-40.0c -45/-40F Zone 3a = -40.0/-37.3c -40/-35F Zone 3b = -37.2/-34.5c -35/-30F Zone 4a = -34.4/-31.7c -30/-25F Zone 4b = -31.6/-28.9c -25/-20F Zone 5a = -28.8/-26.2c -20/-15F Zone 5b = -26.1/-23.4c -15/-10F Zone 6a = -23.3/-20.6c -10/- 5F Zone 6b = -20.5/-17.8c - 5/ 0F Zone 7a = -17.7/-15.0c 0/+ 5F Zone 7b = -15.0/-12.3c + 5/+10F Zone 8a = -12.2/- 9.5c +10/+15F Zone 8b = - 9.4/- 6.7c +15/+20F Zone 9a = - 6.6/- 3.9c +20/+25F Zone 9b = - 3.8/- 1.2c +25/+30F Zone 10a = - 1.1/+ 1.6c +30/+35F Zone 10b = + 1.7/+ 4.4c +35/+40F Zone 11 = above+4.5c/ +40F .................=======ooo=======..................... AVERAGE DATES OF FIRST AND LAST FROST NOTE: The dates below are for the Northern Hemisphere (Adjust appropriately for Southern Hemisphere) Zone 1 = Average dates Last Frost = 1 Jun / 30 Jun Average dates First Frost= 1 Jul / 31 Jul Note: vulnerable to frost 365 days per year. Zone 2 = Average dates Last Frost = 1 May / 31 May Average dates First Frost= 1 Aug / 31 Aug Zone 3 = Average dates Last Frost = 1 May / 31 May Average dates First Frost= 1 Sep / 30 Sep Zone 4 = Average dates Last Frost = 1 May / 30 May Average dates Frist Frost= 1 Sep / 30 Sep Zone 5 = Average dates Last Frost = 30 Mar / 30 Apr Average dates First Frost= 30 Sep / 30 Oct Zone 6 = Average dates Last Frost = 30 Mar / 30 Apr Average dates First Frost= 30 Sep / 30 Oct Zone 7 = Average dates Last Frost = 30 Mar / 30 Apr Average dates First Frost= 30 Sep / 30 Oct Zone 8 = Average dates Last Frost = 28 Feb / 30 Mar Average dates First Frost= 30 Oct / 30 Nov Zone 9 = Average dates Last Frost = 30 Jan / 28 Feb Average dates First Frost= 30 Nov / 30 Dec Zone 10 = Average dates Last Frost = 30 Jan or before Average dates First Frost= 30 Nov / 30 Dec Zone 11 = Free of Frost throughout the year. .................=======ooo=======..................... STANDARD DEFINITIONS Frost: Light Freeze. damage depends upon length of frost duration. Light Freeze: -2C/-0C <> 29F/32F - tender plants killed with little destructive effect on other vegetation. Moderate Freeze:-8C/-2C <> 25F/28F - wide destruction on most vegetation with heavy damage to fruit blossoms and tender semi-hardy plants. Severe Freeze: -9C <> 24F and colder, heavy damage to most plants. ..................=======ooo=======.................... Shade: Usually an area under a closed tree canopy that receives no direct sun at all. Partial Usually an area under a lone or limited Shade: number of trees receiving only a 1 to 5 hours of dappled sun during the day. Partial Usually refers to an area that receives Sun: approximately 3 - 5 hours of full sun per day. Full Sun: Refers to an area receiving 6 or more hours of full sun per day. .................========ooo========................... Comments/Suggestions are welcome
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[email protected] Sun Apr 9 12:34:00 EDT 1995 Article: 62771 of rec.gardens Path: bigblue.oit.unc.edu!concert!news-server.ncren.net!taco.cc.ncsu.edu!gatech!asuvax!cs.utexas.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!ix.netcom.com!netnews From:
[email protected] (Richard & Marsha) Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: Periodic Post FAQ US Plant Hardiness-Zones Rev 01 Date: 4 Apr 1995 02:43:52 GMT Organization: Netcom Lines: 132 Distribution: world Message-ID: <
[email protected]> NNTP-Posting-Host: ix-sc1-03.ix.netcom.com FAQ: US PLANT HARDINESS-ZONE CHART: Remember there are extremes in each of the zones described below. In each Zone you can have Dry-Normal-Wet moisture patterns, wind patterns, and sun/shade patterns. It is entirely possible for your garden to be in one zone and your neighbor's garden in another. Likewise in severe weather years your Zone may vary from the normal pattern. Approximate range of Average Annual MINIMUM Temperatures. (Based on 10 deg.F increments) C=Centigrade/ F=Farenheit Zone 1 = below -45C/ -50F Zone 2 = -45C/-40C -50F/-40F Zone 3 = -40C/-34C -40F/-30F Zone 4 = -34C/-29C -30F/-20F Zone 5 = -29C/-23C -20F/-10F Zone 6 = -23C/-18C -10F/ 0F Zone 7 = -18C/-12C 0 F/+10F Zone 8 = -12C/- 7C +10F/+20F Zone 9 = - 7C/- 1C +20F/+30F Zone 10 = - 1C/+ 4C +30F/+40F Zone 11 = above+4C/ +40F ...............=======ooo=======................. REVISED HARDINESS-ZONE CHART Annual Average MINIMUM Terperature (Based on 5 deg.F increments) Zone 1 = below -45.6/c -50F Zone 2a = -42.8/-45.5c -50/-45F Zone 2b = -42.7/-40.0c -45/-40F Zone 3a = -40.0/-37.3c -40/-35F Zone 3b = -37.2/-34.5c -35/-30F Zone 4a = -34.4/-31.7c -30/-25F Zone 4b = -31.6/-28.9c -25/-20F Zone 5a = -28.8/-26.2c -20/-15F Zone 5b = -26.1/-23.4c -15/-10F Zone 6a = -23.3/-20.6c -10/- 5F Zone 6b = -20.5/-17.8c - 5/ 0F Zone 7a = -17.7/-15.0c 0/+ 5F Zone 7b = -15.0/-12.3c + 5/+10F Zone 8a = -12.2/- 9.5c +10/+15F Zone 8b = - 9.4/- 6.7c +15/+20F Zone 9a = - 6.6/- 3.9c +20/+25F Zone 9b = - 3.8/- 1.2c +25/+30F Zone 10a = - 1.1/+ 1.6c +30/+35F Zone 10b = + 1.7/+ 4.4c +35/+40F Zone 11 = above+4.5c/ +40F ...............=======ooo=======................. NOTE: The dates below are for the Northern Hemisphere Zone 1 = Average dates Last Frost = 1 Jun / 30 Jun Average dates First Frost= 1 Jul / 31 Jul Note: vulnerable to frost 365 days per year. Zone 2 = Average dates Last Frost = 1 May / 31 May Average dates First Frost= 1 Aug / 31 Aug Zone 3 = Average dates Last Frost = 1 May / 31 May Average dates First Frost= 1 Sep / 30 Sep Zone 4 = Average dates Last Frost = 1 May / 30 May Average dates Frist Frost= 1 Sep / 30 Sep Zone 5 = Average dates Last Frost = 30 Mar / 30 Apr Average dates First Frost= 30 Sep / 30 Oct Zone 6 = Average dates Last Frost = 30 Mar / 30 Apr Average dates First Frost= 30 Sep / 30 Oct Zone 7 = Average dates Last Frost = 30 Mar / 30 Apr Average dates First Frost= 30 Sep / 30 Oct Zone 8 = Average dates Last Frost = 28 Feb / 30 Mar Average dates First Frost= 30 Oct / 30 Nov Zone 9 = Average dates Last Frost = 30 Jan / 28 Feb Average dates First Frost= 30 Nov / 30 Dec Zone 10 = Average dates Last Frost = 30 Jan or before Average dates Last Frost = 30 Nov / 30 Dec Zone 11 = Free of Frost throughout the year. .............=======ooo=======.................. Frost: Light Freeze. damage depends upon length of frost duration. Light Freeze: -2C/-0C <> 29F/32F - tender plants killed with little destructive effect on other vegetation. Moderate Freeze:-8C/-2C <> 25F/28F - wide destruction on most vegetation with heavy damage to fruit blossoms and tender semi-hardy plants. Severe Freeze: -9C <> 24F and colder, heavy damage to most plants. ...............=======ooo=======................... Shade: Usually an area under a closed tree canopy that receives no direct sun at all. Partial Usually an area under a lone or limited Shade: number of trees receiving only a 1 to 5 hours of dappled sun during the day. Partial Usually refers to an area that receives Sun: approximately 3 - 5 hours of full sun per day. Full Sun: Refers to an area receiving 6 or more hours of full sun per day. ...............========ooo========................. Comments/Suggestions are welcome
[email protected] The Internet = CyberKudzu -%- From
[email protected] Thu Jul 7 10:53:02 EDT 1994 Article: 37136 of rec.gardens Newsgroups: rec.gardens Path: bigblue.oit.unc.edu!concert!gatech!asuvax!pitstop.mcd.mot.com!binford.chg.mcd.mot.com!courier.urbana.mcd.mot.com!mcdphx!hlm From:
[email protected] (Heather Magill) Subject: Rough Ant FAQ Message-ID: <
[email protected]> Summary: Rough Draft of Ant FAQ Sender:
[email protected] Nntp-Posting-Host: cretan.phx.mcd.mot.com Organization: Motorola Computer Group, Tempe, Az. Date: Thu, 30 Jun 1994 15:43:32 GMT Lines: 112 This is slowly becoming an ant FAQ for rec.gardens. All of this is from my own tests and experimentation with some methods being suggested by other "net" gardeners. Someday soon (when I have the time) I plan on making this available at the FTP server. The planned changes for this are * discuss different types of ants * make it general (not specific to phoenix) * make it third person If you have had experience with these methods your comments would be appreciated. If anyone has a new method to suggest I have lots of anthills to experiment with ;-) Regards, Heather. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Living in Phoenix AZ we have a variety of different kind of ants. The major ones around are: red/black have single hills and are predominately sugar eaters they are typically the ones that farm aphids and flies. large red ants have very large anthills and have a tendency to clear large areas around the anthill large black I think these eat mold that is grown off of plant material carried down in the anthill. Never found them to be obnoxious but like the large red ants they clear large areas around a large ant hill. small black These are the worst. They build a large mound with many entrances (kind of like an ant condo). There bite is also extremely painful to me. Anyways, I have dozens of anthills and have tried a variety of methods. boiling water no effect digging up the anthill suggested by my dad. He said did down in the anthill really far (avoid getting bitten) then put a jar filled with water in the hole and cover it up to the rim with soil. The ants will be very upset (no kidding) and will be trying to find there hole and they will fall in the jar and drown. It didn't work and luckily I didn't get bit. cayenne pepper the ants like to eat it! specially ground diatomaceous earth some effect not sure why it worked sometimes and not others. Have to keep reapplying it. It seems to be most effective on the very small anthills. boric acid & carrier somewhat effective. For sugar eating ants boric acid needs to be mixed with a sweet carrier. Sugar water and strawberry jam have both been suggested. I have tried the strawberry jam method but it just seemed to reduce the ant population not kill the anthill but then I am only 2 weeks into the test. Need to wait a while an maybe reapply for a true result. ground up orange peels Not grapefruit, not lemon and not lime but orange. This was suggested by one of the local master gardeners who said there is a very volatile chemical called d-limone in the orange peels that fumigates the ant hill. Having tried this on three anthills (the black/red type), two anthills showed no affect and the third moved their's 6 inches away. Perhaps this was due to improper application (eg didn't use enough per hill). Further experimentation is required because a lot of people swear by this method. Amdro Ant Bait Works good in non-food production areas and protected from animals and children. NOT ORGANIC! but also not a general purpose poison like diazanon. chickens While they eat bugs (especially cockroaches) they seem to find ants to dry to eat. However, they seem to like juicy beetles, maggots and worms. Which is pretty nice. ;-) repeated disturbing of the anthill people have posted that repeated disturbings of the anthill will convince the ants to move elsewhere. Personally, I would rather limit the population rather than move them around on my property or convince them to move to my neighbors. household cleaner. 409 If the ants are in the house (especially the kitchen) 409 can be used to kill the ants coming in and clean at the same time. Then put a bait poison type int the ant trail when it enters the house. ------------------- Me speaking for me and only me --------------------------- Motorola MCG AZ43 MD DW278 (o) 602-438-3343 Realtime Networking 2900 S. Diablo Way (f) 602-438-3836
[email protected] Tempe, AZ 85282 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Motorola MCG AZ43 MD DW278 (o) 602-438-3343 Realtime Networking 2900 S. Diablo Way (f) 602-438-3836
[email protected] Tempe, AZ 85282 From
[email protected] Thu Jun 16 22:45:02 EDT 1994 Article: 34959 of rec.gardens Newsgroups: rec.gardens Path: bigblue.oit.unc.edu!concert!gatech!swrinde!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!ncar!noao!asuvax!pitstop.mcd.mot.com!mcdphx!hlm From:
[email protected] (Heather Magill) Subject: Ant population controls - FAQ suggestions Message-ID: <
[email protected]> Sender:
[email protected] Nntp-Posting-Host: cretan.phx.mcd.mot.com Organization: Motorola Computer Group, Tempe, Az. Date: Thu, 9 Jun 1994 16:24:09 GMT Lines: 83 It appears I am building up an informal Ant FAQ. Since we have seen a lot of requests on ant control is seems reasonable to make this into a formal FAQ. As I have never done this before suggestions and comments would be extremely helpful. Also, I am not sure how to get his on the FAQ server for rec.gardens I realize the phoenix specific information should be changed to a general discussion on ant types. Other comments/suggestions? Should this be a FAQ? Thanks, Heather. --------------------------------------------------------------------- Living in Phoenix AZ we have a variety of differnt kind of ants. The major ones around are: red/black have single hills and are predominately sugar eaters they are typically the ones that farm aphids and flies. large red ants have very large anthills and have a tendency to clear large areas around the anthill large black I think these eat mold that is grown off of plant material carried down in the anthill. Never found them to be obnoxious but like the large red ants they clear large areas around a large ant hill. small black These are the worst. They build a large mound with many entrances (kind of like an ant condo). There bite is also extremely painful to me. Anyways, I have dozens of anthills and have tried a variety of methods. boiling water no effect digging up the anthill suggested by my dad. He said did down in the anthill really far (avoid getting bitten) then put a jar filled with water in the hole and cover it up to the rim with soil. The ants will be very upset (no kidding) and will be trying to find there hole and they will fall in the jar and drown. It didn't work and luckily I didn't get bit. cayenne pepper the ants like to eat it! specially ground diotomaceous earth some effect not sure why it worked sometimes and not others. Have to keep reapplying it. boric acid no effect plant to try this method again this time mixing the boric acid with sugar. ground up orange peels suggested on the local radio, no effect (Although I have been told its the molding of the orange peels that drive the ants away. Unfortunately, just doesn't mold in Phoenix during the summer, just dehyrates :-) Amdro Ant Bait Works good in non-food production areas and protected from animals and children. NOT ORGANIC! but also not a general purpose poison like diazanon. chickens While the eat bugs (especially cockroaches) they seem to find ants to dry to eat. However, they seem to like juciy beetles, maggots and worms. Which is pretty nice. repeated disturbing of the anthill people have posted that repeated disturbings of the anthill will convince the ants to move elsewhere. Personally, I would rather limit the population rather than move them around on my property or convince them to move to my neighbors. -- ------------------- Me speaking for me and only me --------------------------- Motorola MCG AZ43 MD DW278 (o) 602-438-3343 Realtime Networking 2900 S. Diablo Way (f) 602-438-3836
[email protected] Tempe, AZ 85282 Article 1331 of rec.food.historic: Path: samba.oit.unc.edu!concert!gatech!howland.reston.ans.net!ux1.cso.uiuc.edu!newsrelay.iastate.edu!iscsvax.uni.edu!klier From:
[email protected] Newsgroups: rec.food.historic Subject: Beans, beans for every meal... Message-ID: <
[email protected]> Date: 15 Jun 93 19:16:48 -0600 Organization: University of Northern Iowa Lines: 123 The species of legumes listed below are from the USDA list of economically important plants. Common names and origin and remarks are largely from >>Mabberly, D.J. 1990 [corrected edition]. The Plant-Book. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.<< A "?" by itself means I have no information, not necessarily that origins are unknown. --Kay Scientific name Common name Origin & remarks ------------------- ------------------------------- ------------------- Apios americana potato bean, groundnut North America Arachis hypogaea peanut, groundnut, goober, mani S. America, maybe E Andes? Bauhinia esculenta marama ? Cajanus cajan pigeon pea, congo pea, dhal, red gram, ambrevade Africa? S. Asia? Canavalia ensiformis Jamaican horsebean, jackbean, horsebean, swordbean, sabre bean tropical Americas Canavalia gladiata swordbean old world Canavalia plagiosperma oblique-seeded jackbean Canavalia rosea beach bean pantropical Castanospermum australe Moreton bay chestnut, Australian chestnut NE Australia, New Caledonia, Vanuatu. Poisonous raw. Ceratonia siliqua carob, St. John's Bread Oman? Arabia & Somalia Cicer arietinum chickpea, garabanzo, Bengal gram, yellow gram, spanish pea Turkey? (3rd lrgst pulse crop; "salted provender" of Isaiah Cordeauxia edulis ye'eb, jeheb nut Somalia, Ethiopia; endangered species Cyamopsis tetragonoloba guar, clusterbean Africa & Arabia; cultigen Dolichos biflorus = Vigna unguiculata subsp. cylindrica Dolichos lablab = Lablab purpureus Entada gigas sea bean, Mackeybean, nickerbean tropical Africa & Americas Glycine max soybean probably selected N China 11th century BC; known to Europeans since 16th century AD; first cult. US 1924. Glycyrrhiza glabra licorice (as opposed to anise) Mediterranean to central Asia Inga edulis icecream bean tropical Americas Inga vera guaba, guama tropical Americas Inocarpus fagifer Polynesian chestnut, Tahitian chestnut, O'taheite chestnut Pacific Lablab purpureus hyacinth bean, lablab bean, bonavist bean probably tropical Africa Lathyrus aphaca yellow pea Europe & Mediterranean to Afghanistan Lathyrus hirsutus rough pea, Caley pea ? Lathyrus montanus [edible tubers] European Lathyrus sativus chickling pea, chickling vetch, dogtooth pea, grass pea, Indian pea, Riga pea, kheshari cultigen, Europe? Lathyrus tuberosus [edible tubers] E. Mediterranean Lens culinaris lentil, masur, E. Mediterranean to Iraq Leucaena esculenta guaje Mexico Leucaena leucocephala leucaena, leadtree, jumbie bean, ipil-ipil Mexico Macroptilium atropurpureum siratro, purple bean, conchito tropical Americas Macrotyloma geocarpum geocarpa groundnut, Kersting's groundnut West Africa Macrotyloma uniflorum horsegram Old world tropics Pachyrhizus ahipa yam bean ? Pachyrhizus erosus jicama, yam bean central America Pachyrhizus tuberosus ajipo, yam bean ? Phaseolus acutifolius var. latifolius tepary bean southern N America Phaseolus coccineus scarlet runner bean Central America Phaseolus lunatus lima bean, butter bean, Burma bean, duffin, Rangoon bean tropical S America Phaseolus vulgaris garden bean, green bean, kidney bean, haricot bean, frijoles, navy bean, pinto bean, canellini bean, etc. tropical America Pisum sativum pea, garden pea, field pea Mediterranean to Iran Pisum sativum var arvense dun pea, grey pea, mutter pea, partridge pea, peluskins Mediterranean to Iran Pisum sativum var. macrocarpon sugar pea. mangetout Mediterranean Pithecellobium dulce Manila tamarind, Madras thorn, guaymochil central America Pithecellobium unguis-cati Black Jessie Florida to northern S America Psophocarpus tetragonolobus winged pea, winged bean, Goa bean, asparagus pea, princes pea, dambala tropical Asia Psoralea bituminosa Arabian scurfpea Psoralea esculenta prairie turnip, prairie potato N. America Senna occidentalis coffee senna, negro coffee subtropical America Sphenostylis stenocarpa African yam bean Africa Tamarindus indica tamarind tropical Africa? Trigonella foenum-graecum fenugreek S Europe, W Asia Vicia faba broad bean, horsebean, fava bean, windsor bean S. Europe? Central Asia? Vicia narbonensis Narbonne vetch possible ancestor of V. faba S. Europe Vigna aconitifolia mat bean, moth bean S. Asia Vigna angularis adzuki bean Asia Vigna mungo black gram, urd tropical Asia Vigna radiata var radiata mung bean, green gram Indonesia? Seedlings are commercial "bean sprouts" Vigna subterranea Bambarra groundnut, groundbean W. Africa Vigna umbellata rice bean S. Asia Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica catjang ? Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis yard-long bean, asparagus bean Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata yawa, southern pea, cowpea, black-eyed pea, crowder pea Old World Vigna vexillata zombi pea tropical old world Additions welcome! Kay Klier Biology Dept UNI in%"
[email protected]" Article 20019 of rec.gardens: Path: samba.oit.unc.edu!concert!news-feed-2.peachnet.edu!darwin.sura.net!howland.reston.ans.net!ux1.cso.uiuc.edu!newsrelay.iastate.edu!iscsvax.uni.edu!klier From:
[email protected] Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: Revised bulb catalog list Message-ID: <
[email protected]> Date: 19 Jul 93 12:58:38 -0600 Organization: University of Northern Iowa Lines: 399 BULB CATALOGS FOR NORTH AMERICAN GROWERS revision of 19 July, 1993 "One makes a mental note, or even a written note, and then the season changes and one forgets what one meant at the time. One has written 'Plant something yellow near the yellow tulips' or "Plant something tall behind the lupins," and then autumn comes and plants have died down, and one scratches one's head trying to remember what on earth one meant by that." --- Vita Sackville-West BULBS: Included in this list are purveyors of bulbs, corms and tubers, excluding Dahlia and Iris specialists. Among the most immediately rewarding, these "sure-fire flowers" are ordered in late summer or early fall for spring bloom, in early spring for summer and fall bloom. There are often significant discounts for ordering by mid-August for fall delivery. If you have someone with an absolutely brown thumb, give them a bulb of _Colchicum autumnale_, a fall-flowering species that will bloom sitting on a bookshelf, producing a number of lavender-pink trumpet flowers from a naked bulb. Planted outdoors after bloom, it will produce flowers autumn after autumn. Another welcome gift from a gardener to almost any poor soul in the [in]temperate zone winter is a pot of bulbs for forcing. Most catalogs list cultivars especially suitable for forcing. ABBREVIATIONS: Cat -- catalog cv -- cultivar (=variety) ? -- item of which I am unsure. "refundable" means catalog price is at least partially credited to first order (may be a minimum order for such credit) CONSERVATION NOTE Dutch bulb growers/importers have agreed to label all *wild-collected* bulbs, corms and tubers by 1993 (most will do it this year). US growers have NOT agreed to do this, and in 1991 imported more than a million bulbs and corms (mostly snowdrops and cyclamens) stripped from their native habitat in Turkey. US growers also sell wild-collected native plants (esp. pink ladyslipper orchid, _Cypripedium acaule_, and many native ferns). In general, if there is a cultivar name ('President Kennedy' tulip or 'Blue Pearl' hyacinth), you can assume these are grown in cultivation. Those who enjoy growing "unimproved" species have to trust the source if they care about population destruction. Some unscrupulous "growers" strip wild populations, park them in beds over the winter and then sell these "cultivated" plants in the spring. CAVEAT EMPTOR. _Herbertia_ is an international bulb journal on bulb identification and culture. PO Bos 5355 Pasadena, CA 91107- 0355 Should you decide to plant several hundred bulbs, you may wish to invest in a long-handled bulb planter (also useful for perennials), or an auger bit for an electric drill. One such auger is the Daffodrill, PO Box 248, Salt Point, NY 127578 Bob Batson and Jim Bishop contributed most of the addresses and remarks; others from Kay Klier. Compilers of this list make no warranties about the firms listed herein. ***** Please send all new addresses, changes, ***** ****** remarks and corrections to Kay Klier ***** ***** (in%"
[email protected]") ***** ---------------------- CANADIAN FIRMS CA Cruickshank,Inc 1015 Mount Pleasant Road Toronto, Ontario Canada M4P 2M1 Cat $2 One of the largest lists in N Am. Strongest in tulips, scilla, iris, crocus, hyacinth, narcissus; fall catalog features much stuff from Van Tubergen of Holland (nice stuff!) Gardenimport,Inc PO Box 760 Thornhill, Ontario, Canada L3T 4A5 Cat $4 English perennials, lilacs, bulbs, seeds; N. Am. agents of Suttons Seeds of Great Britain; some European cvs WH Perron 515 Labelle Boulevard Chomeday laval Quebec H7V 2T3 Canada Cat $? US FIRMS Bakker of Holland US Reservation Center Louisiana, MO 63353-0050 Cat $0? Dutch bulbs The Banana Tree 715 Northampton St Easton, PA 18042 Cat $3 tropical bulbs and seeds B & D Lilies 330 P Street Port Townsend, WA 98368 Cat $? Lily specialist? BioQuest International PO Box 5752 Santa Barbara, CA 93108. (805) 969-4072 (Dr. Richard Doutt); Cat $2 South African bulbs especially. bulbs native to South Africa Bluebell Lilies 1432 Manor Lane Blue Bell, PA 19422 Cat $? Lily specialist Bonnie Brae Gardens 1105 SE Christensen Road Corbett, OR 97019 Cat $0 daffodil specialist Breck's 6523 N Galena Rd Peoria, IL 61632 Cat $0 basic range of species W. Atlee Burpee & Co. 300 Park Ave Warminster, PA 18974 Cat $0 good general catalog for beginners; one of the oldest and best known US seed companies Caladium World PO Drawer 629 Sebring, FL 33871 Cat $0 caladium specialist Cascade Daffodils 1790 Richard Circle St Paul, MN 55118 Cat $1 daffodil specialist Daffodil Mart The Heaths Rt 3, Box 794 Gloucester, VA 23061 Cat $1; Van Tubergen of Holland wholesale cat $5 Hundreds of daffodil cvs; minimum order from Van Tubergen catalog is 100 bullbs, but VT is said to have one of the broadest lists of Dutch grown bulbs. Peter De Jager Bulb Co. PO Box 2010 South Hamilton, MA 01982 Cat $? Dutch Gardens,Inc PO Box 200 Adelphia, NJ 07710 908 780-2713; fax 908 708-7720 Cat $0 Good selection of basic Holland bulbs; good prices, esp in quantity (group order program esp.). Excellent color catalog with pictures of all cvs. Fairyland Begonia and Lily Garden 1100 Griffith Road McKinleyville, CA 95521 Cat $0.50, refundable hybrid oriental and asiatic lilies Gaybird Nurseries PO Box 42 Wawanesa, Manitoba Canada R0K 2GO Cat $? Lily specialist Gladside Gardens 61 Main St Northfield, MA 01360. List $1 gladiolas, dahlias, cannas, unusual bulbs Holland Bulb Farms PO Box 127 Westwood, NJ 07676 Cat $0 Dutch bulb importer Kelly's Plant World 10266 E Princeton Sanger, CA 93657. Price list $1, refundable cannas and other summer bulbs Kent Lilies 2009 Edgewood Rd NE Grand Rapids, MI 49505 Cat $? lily specialist Kester's Wild Game Food Nurseries PO Box 516 Omro, WI 54963 Cat $2 Specialist in species favored for food and cover by game animals Louisiana Nursery Route 7, Box 43 Opelousas, LA 70570 Cat $3 (daylilies, LA irises); $5 (magnolias, trees, shrubs, vines); $3 (crinums & bulbs); refundable McClure & Zimmerman 108 W Winnebago PO Box 368 Friesland, WI 53935 Cat $0 Excellent list of bulbs, esp. species and uncommon cultivars; also uncommon species. McFayden Seed Co. 30 9th St, Box 1800 Brandon, MB Canada R7A 6N4 Cat $? Messelaar Bulb Co. PO Box 269 Ipswich, MA 01938 Cat $0 good cvs of commonly available species Michigan Bulb Co. 1950 Waldorf NW; Grand Rapids, MI 49550 Cat $0 Quoth a rec.gardener: "Everybody buys from here ONCE". Cheap prices, cheap plants. Caveat emptor. Mileager's Gardens 4838 Douglas Avenue Racine, WI 53402-2498 800 669-9956 Cat $? Grant Mitsch Novelty Daffodils PO Box 218 Hubbard, OR 97032 Cat $3 refundable daffodil specialist/breeder; many cvs available here only Oakwood Daffodils 2330 W Bertrand Rd Niles, MI 49120 Cat $? Pinetree Garden Seeds RR 1, Box 397 New Gloucester, ME 04260 Cat $0 Good seeds (many op) in small packets at very reasonable prices; small selection of bulbs (many row-run or smallish); pretty good book and tool selection. Pleasant Valley Glads PO Box 494 Agawam, MA 01001 Cat $0 gladiolus, dahlia specialist Quality Dutch Bulbs PO Box 225 Hillsdale, NJ 07642 Cat $? Rex Bulb Farms PO Box 774 2568 Washington St Port Townsend, WA 98368 Cat $1 200+ cv hybrid and species lilies Royal Gardens Box 588 Farmingdale, NJ 07727 Cat $0 Nicely illustrated catalog of common species John Scheepers,Inc PO Box 700 Bantam, CT 06750 203 567-0838 Cat $0 Nice range of bulbs; probably of more interest to specialists. Well-established firm with exhibition size bulbs Smith and Hawken Bulb Book 25 Corte Madera Mill Valley, CA 94941 415 383-2000 Cat $0 Ask for "Wilma Kay" for advice. No seeds, but bulbs, good tools, garden furbelows. Mostly expensive stuff for trendy gardeners, but they do have sturdy English tools. Strahm's Lilies PO Box 226 Harbor, OR 97415 Cat $0.50 Oriental lily specialist Trinidad Bay Bulb Co. (1992): PO Box 974 Trinidad, CA 95570 Cat $? Lily specialist TyTy Plantation Box 159 TyTy, GA 31795 Cat $0 Cannas, crinums and other bulbs esp. for S US gardens Van Bourgondien & Sons Inc PO Box A245 Farmingdale Rd Babylon, NY 11702 Cat $0 Mixed reports on quality Mary Mattison Van Schalk Box 181 Cavendish, VT 05142 Cat $1 established importer of Dutch bulbs Van Tubergen of Holland See CA Cruickshank and Daffodil Mart for N Am distributors. Veldheer Tulip Gardens 12755 Quincy St Holland, MI 49424 Cat $? Mary Walker Bulb Co. Box 256 Omega, GA 31775 Cat $? specialist in southern US adapted bulbs Wayside Gardens Co. 1 Garden Lane Hodges, SC 29695 Cat $0 Pricy, but interesting and well illustrated color catalogs. White Flower Farm Rt 63 Litchfield, CT 06759-0050 800 888-7756 Cat $0 Informative catalogs you may wish to keep for reference. Carries several strains of long-lived tulips (their "perennial tulips") Kay Klier in%"
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[email protected] Apr 9 21:47:25 1995 Date: Wed, 8 Mar 1995 13:42:47 -0800 From: Brian Lo Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: FAQ: Cabbages CABBAGE Brassica oleracea (Capitata Group) VARIETIES (approximately 75 days for early varieties, 90 days for mid-season, to over 120 days for late large-headed varieties). A wide range of excellent cabbage varieties are available that are resistant to heat, cold, and a number of important diseases and physiological disorders. Choose test varieties carefully. The following is only a repre sentative listing. Fresh Market: Early - Heads Up, Market Victor, Earliana, Stonehead, Princess, Golden Acre. For Trial: Cheers, Green Cup (both Fusarium Yellows resistant and Black Rot tolerant) Mid-season - Applause, Bravo, Market Topper, Market Prize, Tastee, Protector. For trial: Pacifica, Quisto. K-K cross and O-S Cross (heat tolerant, large). Late - Zerlina, S-D Cross, Excel, Bartolo, Winter Star, Danish Ballhead strains, Houston Evergreen. Savoy Cabbage: Savoy Ace. Processing: Processor specifies varieties. The following have been grown successfully: Bravo, King Cole, Sanibel, Roundup, Superette, Titan 90, Danish Ballhead, Late Flat Dutch. For trial: Atria (very late); Carlton (mid-season); Ergon (very late); Krautking (late, large); Krautpacker (mid- season); Marvellon (early); Orbit (late); Rodolfo (mid-season); Sagitta (late). Those for trial are suggested on the basis of New York data. Red Cabbage: Ruby Perfection, Red Acre, Ruby, Ruby Ball, Red Head. For Trial: Cardinal. Note: Black Rot resistance is reported for the varieties Cheers, Green Cup, Zerlina, Bravo, Genesis, Protector and the red types Ruby Perfection and Red Head. Also, Rio Verde, Bravo, King Cole, Little Rock, Falcon, Titanic 90, and Ruby Perfection (red) may be less susseptible to thrip injury (New York data). Overwintering Cabbage, for trial only: Green Glow, Spring Time, Spring Hero, Spring Queen 2nd, F-S Cross. Varieties are listed by order of maturity. Intended for planting in September for spring and early summer harvest (approximately 220 days) in mild winter areas. Do not plant too early to avoid bolting. Ornamental Cabbages, also known as flowering kales: Sekito, Red Pigeon, White Pigeon, Rose Bouquet, White Lady. These may be marketed as garnishes for salad bars. Novelty: Walking Stick Cabbage. Used to make walking sticks with character! Thompson and Morgan Seed Co. provides seed and instructions. SEED COMPANIES Abbott & Cobb Inc. POB F307, Feasterville, PA 19047 Asgrow Seed Company, POB 5038, Salinas CA 93915 American Takii Inc., 301 Natividad Rd. Salinas, CA 93906 Bejo Seeds, 1323 E. Fir St. Mount Vernon WA 98273 Brinker Orsetti Seed Co., 2339 A Technology Parkway, Hollister CA 95023-2513. 408/636-4822 Daehnfeldt Inc. POB 947, Albany, OR 97321 Elsoms Seeds Ltd. Spalding, Lincolnshire, England PE11 1QG Ferry-Morse Seed Co. POB 4938, 555 Codoni Ave. Modesto, CA 95352 Gleckler's Seedmen, Unusual Seed Specialties. Metamora OH 43540 Harris Moran Seed Co. 3670 Buffalo Rd. Rochester, NY 14624 Reed's Seeds, 3343 NYS Route 215, Cortland, NY 13045 Rogers NK Seed Co. PO Box 4727 Boise, ID 83711-4727 Nunhems Zaden, Canners Seed Corp. 221 E. Main St. Lewisville, ID 83431 Royal Sluis Inc. 1293 Harkins Rd. Salinas, CA 93901 Sakata Seed America Inc. P.O. Box 877, Morgan Hill, CA 97037 Stokes Seeds Inc. POB 548, Buffalo, NY 14240 Sunseeds Genetics, Inc. P O Box 1438, Hollister, CA 95023 Thompson and Morgan. POB 1308 Jackson, NJ 08527 ph: 201/363-2225 W. Osborne Seed Co. Int'l. 1679 Highway 99 South, Mount Vernon, WA 98273 Zenner Bros. Seed Co., Inc. 1311 S.E. Gideon St. Portland, OR 97202 IMPORTANT Before planting this Crucifer crop, consider the following important factors: 1. No crucifer crop, or related weed has been present in the field for at least 2 years, 4 years preferable. Crucifer crops include cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, kale, kohlrabi, Brussels sprouts, Chinese cabbage, all mustards, turnips, rutabagas, radishes etc. Cruciferous weeds include wild radish, wild mustards etc. Also, crucifer plant waste should not have been dumped on these fields. 2. Soil pH should be 6.5 or higher. Soil pH over 6.8 is necessary to manage club root. The application of 1500 lbs/acre of hydrated lime, 6 weeks prior to planting is recommended for soils with pH less than 7.5 for club root control (see Disease Control section for more details). 3. Arrange to keep transplanted and direct-seeded fields separate to minimize spread of certain diseases that are more prevalent in transplanted fields. SOIL Cabbage may be grown on a variety of soils but it does best on a well- drained, loam soil well supplied with organic matter. Sandy loams are preferred for early crops. Adjust soil pH to 6.0 - 6.8 for maximum yields. SEED AND SEED-BED TREATMENTS Cabbage seed numbers approximately 144,000 per pound. Pelletizing is not necessary but primed and coated seed is becoming popular. Consult your seed dealer about the availability of primed seed. Cabbage is most commonly direct seeded. Some early production is transplanted. Use certified, or hot-water treated seed and fungicide treat seed to protect against several serious seed borne diseases. Hot water seed treat ments are very specific (122 F exactly, for 25 to 30 minutes; the wet seed must then be quickly cooled and dried). The seed treatments are best done by the seed company, and can usually be provided upon request. TRANSPLANT PRODUCTION Seed Beds for transplants: Locate these in an open, well drained area, free of club-root. Lime if necessary, and fertilize with 10-30-10 at 625 lb/acre or its equivalent. When seedlings are to be grown in a seed-bed for production of trans plants, choose a site where cole crops have not been grown before, or fumigate prior to seeding with an approved fumigant following lable and manufacturer's recommendations. Always use certified or hot water treated seed for transplant produc tion. Seed in a greenhouse for an early crop, in a cold frame for a less early crop, and in outdoor seed-beds when the weather is warm enough for germination and growth (above 50 F). In each case seed 5-6 weeks ahead of when the plants are wanted for transplanting. Four to 6 ounces of high quality, sized and density graded seed will provide enough transplants to plant 1 acre. In the seed-bed use a drill with a scatter shoe to drop 15 to 20 seeds per foot in rows 10 inches apart. Greenhouse transplant production Precision seed into modular flats, styrofoam trays or blocks of a peat- lite (peat vermiculite) mix or other suitable growing medium. Crowding should be avoided. Provide 1.5-2.5 square inches per plant in modular trays. Temperatures should be maintained above 45 F at night and below 85 F during the day. Seven days before transplanting start the hardening off process. Follow the same process in a cold frame, or seed directly into the covered soil after it has been limed, fertilized and fumigated as for outdoor seed-beds. FIELD SEEDING In western Oregon fresh market cabbage may be field seeded from mid March to August 10. Cabbage for processing is generally seeded from mid April to the end of July. Preparation for direct seeding needs the same attention a seed-bed area would be given A fine-textured soil, free of rocks, clods and trash, firm and very level, is required for precision seeding. Use a precision seeder such as a Stanhay, or Gaspardo vacuum planter, to drop 2 seeds 2 inches apart every 15 inches. After the first true leaves have formed, thin to one plant per location. In continuous seeding, thin the plants so as to leave 15 to 18 inches between them. SOIL Cabbage may be grown on a variety of soils but it does best on a well- drained, loam soil well supplied with organic matter. Sandy loams are preferred for early crops. Adjust soil pH to 6.5 - 7.0 for maximum yields. FERTILIZER A soil test is the most accurate guide to fertilizer requirements. The following recommendations are general guidelines for western Oregon: Good management practices are essential if optimum fertilizer responses are to be realized in the production of cabbage. These practices include use of recommended varieties, selection of adapted soils, weed control, disease and insect control, good seedbed preparation, proper seeding methods, and timely harvest. Because of the influence of soil type, climatic conditions, and other cultural practices, crop responses from fertilizer may not always be accu rately predicted. Soil test results, field experience, and knowledge of specific crop requirements help determine the nutrients needed and the rate of application. The fertilizer application for cabbage should insure adequate levels of all nutrients. Optimum fertilization is intended to produce top quality and yields in keeping with maximum returns. The suggested fertilizer applications are based on a 36" row spacing. With decreased row spacings, increased fertilizer rates are suggested. Recommended soil sampling procedures should be followed in order to estimate fertilizer needs. The Oregon State University Extension Service agent in your county can provide you with soil sampling instructions, soil sample bags, and information sheets. Where cabbage is direst seeded, see "field fertilization section below. If transplants are to be used, and if transplants are to be field grown, fertilize transplant productions beds as follows: TRANSPLANT BED FERTILIZATION Broadcast and work into the transplant bed: 1. 40 to 70 lbs Nitrogen/A. 2. Apply phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, magnesium, boron, molybdenum, and lime up to the maximum rates suggested below for field applications. TRANSPLANTING SOLUTIONS Dilute solutions of complete fertilizers high in phosphorus promote quick recovery and early growth of transplants. One-half pint of trans planting solution should be injected into the furrow at the roots of each plant at time of transplanting. A transplanting solution may be prepared by dissolving 3 lbs. of 11-48-0 or similar monoammonium phosphate fertilizer in a 55 gallon drum of water. FIELD FERTILIZATION NITROGEN (N): A total application of 80-100 lbs. N/A is suggested. Broadcast about half of the N just prior to direct seeding or trans planting or band 60-90 lbs N/A with the phosphorus. Broadcast the remaining nitrogen at the time of last cultivation, or 1 to 2 weeks before the first cutting. At the higher rates, two applications should be made 2 to 3 weeks apart. Nitrogen liquid fertilizer formulations having herbicidal effects: AN-20, Ammonium Thiosulfate and mixtures of these two materials can be used successfully in a number of Brassica crops such as broccoli, cabbage, and cauliflower. The amount of nitrogen per gallon of material, the rate at which it is applied, and the phyto-toxicity of the material determines what crops these can be used on. All of these materials, when applied at the proper time and manner have the added benefit of ancillary control of many small (less than 3 inches) broadleaf weeds such as groundsell, pineapple weed, shepherdspurse, mallow, pigweed, hairy nightshade chickweed and many others. Poor, or no control is obtained on lambs quarters, purslane, henbit, black nightshade, knotweed, sow thistle, malva goosefoot and grasses. When using these nitrogen sources in foliar applications, follow cau tions listed. Severe crop injury may occur if cautions are not observed. General cautions for the use of nitrogen liquid fertilizer formulations are: * Apply only after the crop has at least two true leaves. Application at between the 3rd and 6th true leaf stages is least likely to cause crop injury. * Do not apply within 4 days of a period of cool, cloudy or rainy weather, or if free water is present on the leaves. * Discontinue application if spray droplets do not roll off or "bead- up" on the leaves. This indicates a deficiency of adequate waxy cuticle, and may be a temporary condition due to rapid growth, cloudy or rainy weather, or more seriously, the lack of adaptability of the variety. * Do not apply within 4 days after a foliar pesticide has been applied, or with any wetting agent. * Use large nozzles to minimize misting and possible injury to the crop growing point. * Direct the spray to the base of the crop with wide, low nozzles, or use crop shields whenever this can be done while still obtaining complete coverage of the weeds. AN-20 fertilizer formulation: This is a manufactured 20-0-0 formulation (containing 20% N) that may be applied at 50 to 70 gallons of product per acre as a foliar spray. This formulation weighs 10.55 lbs per gallon and contains 2.11 lbs N/gallon of product and would provide approximately 100 to 140 lbs N/acre (but some N is lost through volatilization). Do not irrigate for 48 hours after application, but irrigate then to move the fertilizer into the root zone. When this treatment is used, subsequent nitrogen side dressings may be reduced by a portion of the amount of N applied in the treatment. Note: Mixtures of An-20 and Ammonium thiosulfate (usually 1:1) can be made which will reduce the amount of nitrogen applied, provide some sulfur (if AN-20 only would have been applied, and reducing the sulfur if only Ammonium thiosulfate were to be used), and be as effective as either material alone. Application rates are still held at 50 to 70 gallons of the mixture per acre. Note: This formulation is different from a solution that could be prepared by dissolving ammonium nitrate in water. Such a solution would not have the same concentration or herbicidal effect. Also, To prevent crop injury, follow the cautions listed above. ***** Ammonium thiosulfate: This is a manufactured 12-0-0-26 formulation (containing 12% N and 26% sulfur) and weighs 9.33 lbs per gallon. It may be applied at 50 to 70 gallons of product per acre as a foliar spray. This solution contains 1.12 lbs nitrogen and 2.4 lbs sulfur per gallon of product and would provide approxi mately 55 to 75 lbs N/acre (some N may be lost through volatilization). At the application gallonage mentioned, about 150 to 168 lbs of S are also applied. Do not irrigate for 48 hours after application, but irrigate then to move the fertilizer into the root zone. When this treatment is used, subsequent nitrogen side dressings may be reduced by a portion of the amount of N applied in the treatment. Note: Mixtures of An-20 and Ammonium thiosulfate (usually 1:1) can be made which will reduce the amount of nitrogen applied, provide some sulfur (if AN-20 only would have been applied, and reducing the sulfur if only Ammonium thiosulfate were to be used), and be as effective as either material alone. Application rates are still held at 50 to 70 gallons of the mixture per acre. Also, To prevent crop injury, follow the cautions listed above. ***** PHOSPHORUS (P): Phosphorus fertilizer should be banded at the time of seeding or trans planting. Bands should be located 2-3" to the side of the seeds or plants and 3-4" deep. If the OSU soil test Apply this amount of for P reads (ppm): phosphate (P2 O5) (lb/A): 0 - 30 150 - 200 30 - 50 100 - 150 Over 25 80 - 100 POTASSIUM (K): Limit band applications of K to 90 lbs K2 O/A. Broadcast remainder of K and work into seedbed prior to planting. The total of N plus K2 O in the band should not exceed 90 lbs./A. Apply K as follows: If the OSU soil test Apply this amount of for K reads (ppm): potash (K2 O lb/A): 0 - 150 150 - 200 150 - 200 90 - 150 200 - 250 60 - 90 Over 250 None SULFUR (S): Include 25-40 lbs/A of S in the fertilizer pro gram. S is sometimes contained in fertilizers used to supply other nutrients such as N, P, and K, but may not be present in sufficient quantity. Plants absorb S in the form of sulfate. Fertilizer materials supply S in the form of sulfate and elemental S. Elemental S must convert to sulfate in the soil before the S becomes avail able to plants. The conversion of elemental S to sulfate is usually rapid for fine ground (less than 40 mesh) material in warm moist soil). Sulfur in the sulfate form can be applied at planting time. Some S fertilizer materials such as elemental S and ammonium sulfate have an acidify ing effect on soil. The S requirements of crucifers can be provided by: 1. The application of 25-40 lbs S/A in the form of sulfate at or prior to seeding or planting. 2. Applying 40-50 lbs S/A as fine ground (finer than 40 mesh) elemental S the preceding year. 3. Applying coarser ground elemental S at higher rates and less fre quently. MAGNESIUM (Mg): When the OSU soil test value for Mg is below 2 meq/100g soil, band 15- 20 lbs Mg/A at transplanting or seeding time. If Mg deficiency symptoms develop, spray with 10 lbs of Epsom salts in 100 gals of water/A. Magnesium can also be supplied in dolomite, which is a liming material and reduces soil acidity to about the same degree as ground limestone. Dolomite should be mixed into the seedbed at least several weeks in advance of seeding and preferably the preceding year. It can also be supplied by the application of Epsom salts or Sul-Po-Mag fertilizer prior to seeding or transplanting as follows: * Sul-Po-Mag at 150 to 200 lb./acre. * OR Epsom salts at 150 to 200 lb./acre. * OR Dolomitic Limestone at 225 to 275 lb./acre. BORON (B): Cabbage is sensitive to boron deficiency. Apply boron as follows: If the OSU soil test Apply this amount for B reads (ppm): of B (lbs/A): 0 - 1 3 - 4 broadcast 1 - 3 1 - 2 broadcast Over 3 1/2 - 1 foliar spray A satisfactory foliar spray contains 1 lb B/100 gals of water. Fertilizers containing B should not be banded. Fields East of the Cascades or where winter rainfall is low, and to which the higher rates of boron has been applied should not normally be planted to beans or cucumbers the following year, as both these crops are extremely sensitive to boron. LIME: If a mineral soil is below pH 6.3 or an organic soil is below 5.5 and/or the calcium (Ca) level is below 8 meq/100g soil lime should be applied. Compared to other vegetables cabbage has a fairly high lime requirement. The application of lime is suggested when the soil pH is below 6.3 If the OSU SMP Buffer Apply this amount test for lime reads: of lime (T/A): Below 5.6 5 - 7 5.7 - 5.9 4 - 5 5.9 - 6.1 3 - 4 6.1 - 6.3 2 - 3 6.3 - 6.6 1 - 2 Over 6.6 None The liming rate is based on 100-score lime. Lime should be mixed into the seedbed at least several weeks before seeding and preferably the preceding year. A lime application is effective over several years. Some soils may have a fairly high OSU SMP buffer value (over 6.6) and a low pH (below 6.0). This condition can be caused by the ap plication of acidifying fertilizer. In this case the low pH value is temporary and the pH of the soil will increase as the fertilizer completes its reaction with the soil. This temporary "active" acidity from fertilizer is encountered follow ing recent applications of most nitrogen fertilizer materials. Acidifying fertilizers also have a long term acidifying effect on soil which is cumula tive and leads to lower OSU SMP buffer readings. Sandy soils to which fertilizers have not been recently applied some times record low pH and high SMP buffer values. In such cases, a light application of lime (1 to 2 ton/A) should suffice to neutralize soil acidity. For acid soils low in Mg (less than 0.5 meq Mg/100g soil) one T/A of dolomite lime can be used as a Mg source. Dolomite and ground limestone have about the same ability to neutralize soil acidity. The P, K, Mg, B and lime recommendations are based on soil test values from the Soil Testing Laboratory, OSU, Corvallis, Oregon. These recommendations are largely based on the results of experiments conducted by Oregon State University Agricultural Experiment Station Hort iculture and Soils Department research faculty. These recommendations are quoted from OSU Fertilizer Guide FG 27. IRRIGATION In soil suspected of having club root, care should be taken in not over-watering transplants after setting them out. A total of 10-14" of water may be needed for direct seeded fields and 10-12" for transplanted ones in western Oregon. Approximate summer irrigation needs for the Hermiston area have been found to be: 3.5 inches in May, 5.0 in June, 7.5 in July, and 7.0 in August. Soil type does not affect the amount of total water needed, but does dictate frequency of water application. Lighter soils need more frequent water applications, but less water applied per application. HARVESTING, HANDLING AND STORAGE In western Oregon fresh market cabbage may be harvested from mid July to the end of December. The main harvest period is between the first of August and mid November. Cabbage for processing is generally harvested from about mid July to mid November. Average yields of processed cabbage in the Pacific Northwest are approximately 30 tons/acre with good yields about 40 tons/acre. Average fresh market yield is reported at 235 cwt./acre with good yields about 300 cwt./a cre. Processed cabbage can be machine harvested, but is ususally hand harvested in the Pacific Northwest. All fresh market cabbage is hand harves ted. Heads should be harvested when firm and before they split or burst. In harvesting for fresh market, leave 4-6 wrapper leaves attached to the head. The wrapper leaves are usually removed when harvesting for kraut. STORAGE (Quoted from USDA Ag. Handbook #66): Store cabbage at 32 F. and a relative humidity of 98 to 100%. A large percentage of the late crop of cabbage is stored and sold during the winter and early spring, or until the new crop from the southern states appears on the market. If stored under proper conditions late cabbage should keep for 5 to 6 months. The longest keeping cultivars belong to the Danish class. Early-crop cabbage, especially southern grown, has a storage life of 3 to 6 weeks. Cabbage is successfully held in common storage in the northern states, where a fairly uniform inside air temperature of 32 to 35 F. can be maintai ned. Many such storage houses are to be found, principally in New York, Pennsylvania, Michigan and Wisconsin. Storage houses should be insulated sufficiently to prevent freezing of the cabbage; for although slight freezing does little harm, hard freezing may cause considerable loss. Heaters are sometimes needed to prevent freezing of cabbage in common storage during severe cold weather. Cabbage wilts quickly if held under too dry storage conditions; hence, the humidity should be high enough to keep the leaves fresh and turgid. Use of polyethylene liners or pallet covers to prevent desiccation can prove desirable under some storage conditions. Cabbage stored at 32 F. has less decay when the relative humidity is maintained at or near saturation (98 to 100 %) than at 90 to 95 %. Many growers now use pallet boxes as both field and storage containers so that there is no handling of the cabbage from the time of harvest until preparation for shipment or processing. Some of the larger storages stack these pallet boxes five high. An increasing quantity of cabbage is now held in mechanically refrige rated storages. The storage life of late cabbage can be extended for several months if it is held in an atmosphere with 2.5 to 5 % oxygen and 2.5 to 5 % carbon dioxide. Cabbage should be handled carefully from field to storage, and only solid heads with no yellowing , decay, or mechanical injuries should be stored. Before the heads are stored, all loose leaves should be trimmed away; only three to six tight wrapper leaves should be left on the head. left on the head. Loose leaves interfere with ventilation between heads, and ventilation is essential for successful storage. Upon removal from storage, the heads should be trimmed again to remove loose and damaged leaves. Cabbage should not be stored with fruits emitting ethylene. Concentrations of 10 to 100 ppm of ethylene cause leaf abscission and loss of green color within 5 weeks. The most common decays found in stored cabbage are watery soft rot, bacterial soft rot, gray mold rot, alternaria leaf spot, and black leaf speck. PACKAGING Containers and weights commonly used for cabbage are crates (l 3/4 bushels) 53-60 pounds, 50 pound mesh sacks, or 53 pound cartons. PEST CONTROL FOR CABBAGE THE PESTICIDES LISTED BELOW, TAKEN FROM THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST PEST CONTROL HANDBOOKS, ARE FOR INFORMATION ONLY, AND ARE REVISED ONLY ANNUALLY. BECAUSE OF CONSTANTLY CHANGING LABELS, LAWS, AND REGULATIONS, OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY CAN ASSUME NO LIABILITY FOR THE CONSEQUENCES OF USE OF CHEMICALS SUGGESTED HERE. IN ALL CASES, READ AND FOLLOW THE DIRECTIONS AND PRECAUTION ARY STATEMENTS ON THE SPECIFIC PESTICIDE PRODUCT LABEL. USE PESTICIDES SAFELY! Wear protective clothing and safety devices as recommended on the label. Bathe or shower after each use. Read the pesticide label--even if you've used the pesticide before. Follow closely the instructions on the label (and any other directions you have). Be cautious when you apply pesticides. Know your legal responsibility as a pesticide applicator. You may be liable for injury or damage resulting from pesticide use. WEED CONTROL Cultivate as often as necessary when weeds are small. Proper cultiva tion, field selection and rotations can reduce or eliminate the need for chemical weed control. THE WEED TREATMENTS LISTED BELOW ARE TAKEN FROM THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST WEED CONTROL HANDBOOK, AND ARE FOR INFORMATION ONLY. CONSULT PRODUCT LABELS FOR CURRENTLY LEGAL REGISTRATIONS, RATES, AND COMPLETE INSTRUCTIONS. WEED MANAGEMENT GENERAL STRATEGY Weed suppression in crucifers begins by rotating crops that involve different weed control practices or herbicides to disrupt weed life cycles. Row spacings and plant densities vary to achieve head size depending on the market and to suppress weeds. Early season weed control comprises application of an herbicide and/or cultivation(s). ______________________________________________________________________________ STALE SEEDBEDS FOR VEGETABLE PRODUCTION Stale seedbeds are sometimes used for vegetable production when other selec tive weed control practices are limited or unavailable. The concept depends on controlling the first flush of emerged weeds before planting or emergence of the crop followed by minimal soil disturbance which reduces subsequent weed flushes during establishment of the crop. Following establishment, other weed control practices including cultivation or use of other herbicides can be used. 1. Prepare a seedbed, preferably 2 to 3 weeks before planting to achieve maximum weed seed germination near the soil surface. Soil temperatures and moisture must be reasonable or results will be erratic. 2. Plant the crop with minimum soil disturbance. Otherwise, new weed seed will be exposed to favorable germinating conditions. 3. Just before or after planting but before crop emergence, treat the field by flaming or with herbicide to kill all germinated or exposed weeds. Weed Treatment Active Ingredient Per Acre and Application Comments ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Flaming Use liquid propane or similar fuel-burning equipment to quickly sear the weeds, but not consume them with flame. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ paraquat 0.625 to 0.94 lb ai/A Gramoxone Extra Restricted-use pesticide. Do not ingest or inhale spray mist. Wearing protective face shields, respirators, and clothing is advised. Apply during or after planting, but before crop emergence. Add a nonionic surfactant or oil concentrate according to label specifications, taking care to avoid anionic formulations that react in the tank to form insoluble precipitates. Exposed crop plants will be killed. Do not apply preplant or preemergence to soils lacking clay minerals, such as peat, muck, pure sand, or artificial planting media. (Acts as contact; absorbs energy produced by photosynthesis forming peroxides that disrupt living cells.) ----------------------------------------------------------------------- glyphosate Consult Labels Roundup Roundup RT (E. Washington and Idaho only) or Honcho + nonionic surfactant Apply to actively growing weeds either preplant in conjunction with site preparatioon or preemergence crops listed on the label. Consult label for specific rates, times of application, and perennial species control- led. Generally 1 to 1.5 lbs ai/A should be used for annual weeds, while perennial weeds require higher rates. Addition of a surfactant or ammonium sulfate improves activity when weeds are stressed. Do not apply more than 8 lbs. ai/A per year, nor plant non-labeled crops within 12 months following application. (Inhibits production of 3 amino acids and protein synthesis.) ______________________________________________________________________________ PREPLANT INCORPORATED Direct Seeded or Transplanted Weed Treatment Active Ingredient Per Acre or Application Comments ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- trifluralin 0.5 to 1.0 lb ai/A Treflan Apply before planting and incorporate 2 to 3 inches deep by cross-disk ing or using a PTO rotary tiller. Do not exceed 0.75 lb ai/A for direct seeded crops. Spray only once and avoid overlapping. Consult label for planting sensitive crops within 12 months. (Inhibits mitosis, primarily in shoots). ______________________________________________________________________________ PREEMERGENCE Weed Treatment Active Ingredient Per Acre and Application Comments ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- napropamide 1 to 2 lb ai/A Devrinol Selectivity is based on Devrinol placement above the seed or transplant depth. For direct seeded crops, apply to soil surface immediately after planting and sprinker irrigate within 24 hours to wet soil 1 to 2 inches deep, or mechanically incorporate not exceeding the seed depth. Transplants can be treated preplant with shallow incorporation or postplant with sprinkler irrigation. Rotational crops listed on the label require deep moldboard plowing while other crops should not be planted sooner than 12 months following application. (Inhibits root growth). ----------------------------------------------------------------------- DCPA 4.5 to 9 lb ai/A Dacthal Performs erratically west of Cascades. Elsewhere, apply immediately after seeding or transplanting. Results can be improved if rainfall or overhead irrigation occurs immediately after application. Consult label for planting sensitive crops within 8 months. (Inhibits mitosis). ----------------------------------------------------------------------- oxyfluorfen 0.25 to 0.5 lb. ai/A Goal (transplanted broccoli, cabbage, and cauliflower) Apply soon after final soil preparation and before transplanting through the treated layer with minimal soil disturbance. Select the lower rate for coarse textured soils with less than 1% organic matter. Temporary injury may occur when leaves contact treated soil. Severe injury may result when transplants are under stress due to temperature, disease, fertilizer salts, nematodes, insects, pesticides, and storage conditions or when small transplants grown in 1 inch cells are planted. Following transplanting, apply at least 0.25 inches overhead moisture. Plant only crops listed on the label within 10 months following treatment. Grazing of crop residue or treated fields is prohibited. (Acts as a selective contact that disrupts cell membranes.) ______________________________________________________________________________ POSTEMERGENCE Weed Treatment Active Ingredient Per Acre and Application Comments ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ sethoxydim 0.19 to 0.28 lb ai/A Poast Identify susceptible grasses and apply at optimum growth stage listed on the label. Add 2 pints/A nonphytotoxic crop oil concentrate to improve leaf absorption. Erratic control often occurs when grasses are stunted or stressed from drought, high temperatures, or low fertility. Resis tant grasses include annual bluegrass and all fine fescues, whereas quackgrass can be suppressed. Do not apply within 30 days of harvest, nor exceed 3 pints/A per season. (Inhibits fatty acid production, cell membranes, and new growth. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ INSECT CONTROL Proper rotations and field selection can minimize problems with insects. THE PESTICIDES LISTED BELOW ARE TAKEN FROM THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST INSECT CONTROL HANDBOOK, AND ARE FOR INFORMATION ONLY. CONSULT PRODUCT LABELS FOR CURRENTLY LEGAL REGISTRATIONS, RATES AND COMPLETE INSTRUCTIONS. Insect and Description Control, Active Ingredient Per Acre --------------------------------------------------------------------------Aphids, including Monitor - 0.5 to 1 lb Cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae malathion - 1.25 lb Turnip aphid Hyadaphis erysimi Phosdrin - 0.25 lb Green peach aphid Myzus persicae Dibrom - 1 to 2 lb Both species gray, mealy plant diazinon - 0.5 lb lice forming colonies on foliage, on or in heads or in buds. WeakMetasystox-R - 0.375 to 0.75 lb en plants and constitute an adulterant in processed foods. endosulfan - 0.75 to 1.0 lb For effective aphid control, Di-Syston - 1 lb application of insecticides should start with first appearance Apply granules as a band on of aphids and be continued at reg- each side of seed furrow or ular intervals as aphids appear. transplanted row at planting, This is particularly true of or as a side dressing after broccoli and cauliflower to prevent plants become established. aphids from concealing themselves in heads. Liquid injections can be made in similar manner. Do not apply NOTE: directly to seed. See label for To be effective Di-Syston application complete details. should be followed by sprinkler or furrow irrigation. Di-Syston is dimethoate - 0.25 to 0.5 lb relatively insoluble and requires high soil moisture to give best results. Lorsban 50W - 1 lb Pyrellin - 1 to 2 pt Diatect - 1 to 3 lb formulation -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cabbage maggot Transplantings Delia brassicae diazinon - 0.125 to 0.25 lb/50 gal of water White maggots that feed on roots and underground stems Preplant and transplant and weaken, lodge, and kill Lorsban 4E - 0.05 to 0.086 lb plants. Adult is a small gray fly ai/1000 row ft. that lays white, oblong eggs at plant bases. Preplant Lorsban 15G - 0.04 to 0.09 lb diazinon - 2 to 3 lb --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cutworms and Asana - 0.03 to 0.05 lb Armyworms endosulfan - 1 lb Several species. Do not feed treated plants. Treat when worms are small. carbaryl - 1 to 2 lb permethrin 0.05 to 0.2 lb Bacillus thuringiensis - 1 to 2 qt. Add an appropriate spreader-sticker to enhance control. Most effective on small larvae. Lorsban 50W - 1 lb Larvin - 0.4 to 0.8 lb --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Diamondback moth endosulfan - 1 lb Plutella maculipennis diazinon - 0.5 lb Small, pale yellowish-green larvae with erect black hairs. Eats holes in foliage. Adults are small gray or grown moths with white marks on forewings that form a diamond when wings are folded. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Flea beetles endosulfan - 0.75 to 1.0 lb including cabbage flea beetle carbaryl - 1 lb Phyllotreta cruciferae methoxychlor - 2.25 lb Small, shiny, steel-blue, jump- ing beetle. Eats round holes in Di-Syston - 1 lb leaves of wild and cultivated crucifers. Particularly serious permethrin 0.05 to 0.2 lb on seedlings. Asana - 0.03 to 0.05 lb NOTE: Carbaryl and endosulfan combined together have given most Lorsban 50W - 1 lb effective control. Larvin - 0.4 to 0.8 lb Pyrellin - 1.5 to 2 pt --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Garden symphylan Dyfonate - 2 lb Scutigerella immaculata diazinon - 10 lb Small, white, centipede-like an- imals in the soil. Telone II - preplant Telone C-17 - preplant Mocap - 2 to 3 lb. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Grasshoppers Asana - 0.03 to 0.05 lb Various species Nosema locustae - Use as May reach damaging levels on field manufacturer directs margins during years of grasshopper abundance. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Imported cabbage worm Phosdrin - 0.5 lb (ICW only) Pieris rapae OR, (depending on pre-harvest interval - see label) Phosdrin - 1 lb (ICW only) Caterpillars are soft, velvety green with faint yellow stripes. Larvin - 0.6 to 1 lb Adult is a white butterfly with black spots. diatect - 1 to 3 lb Monitor - 0.5 to 1 lb Lannate 0.45 to 0.9 lb Bacillus thuringiensis - 1 to 2 qt. Add appropri- ate spreader-sticker. Dibrom - 1 to 2 lb methoxychlor - 2 to 2.25 lb Asana - 0.03 to 0.05 lb permethrin - 0.05 to 0.1 lb Lorsban 50W - 1 lb Larvan - 0.4 to 0.8 lb Pyrellin - 1 to 2 pt --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Loopers, including Monitor - 0.5 to 1.0 lb Cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni WARNING: If methamidophos (Monitor) is allowed to drift Alfalfa looper onto adjacent legume or vege- Autographa californica table seed crops, it is highly hazardous to pollinating bees. Larvae of both species pale Alternate materials should be green with white lines on back used under such conditions. and sides. Move in looping manner. Moth gray-brown with Lannate - 0.45 to 0.9 lb characteristic silvery spot on forewings. Bacillus thuringiensis - 1 to 2 qt. Add a spreader-sticker to NOTE: enhance persistence on foliage. The cabbage looper and alfalfa looper Dibrom - 2 lb are not serious pests every year but are more difficult to control than methoxychlor - 2.25 lb other cabbage "worms". Start insecti- cide applications when the worms are endosulfan - 0.75 to 1.0 lb still small. Inspect the plants a day or so after each treatment for success permethrin - 0.05 to 0.2 lb of control. Examine plants often in late summer and fall for new infestations. Asana - 0.03 to 0.05 lb Be sure insecticides reach both sides of leaves. Choice of insecticide is de- Phosdrin - 0.5 lb pendent in part on nearness to harvest. Phosdrin gives better control of loppers carbaryl - 2 lb when temperatures are below 70 F. pyrellin - 1 to 2 pt NOTE: Larvin - 0.6 to 1 lb Suitable registered wetting agents should be added to most of the spray solutions of diatect - 1 to 3 lb the mentioned insecticides. The wetting agent will aid in spreading and sticking of the sprays to the waxy leaves and plant surfaces. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Slugs metaldehyde baits --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Thrips methyl parathion - 0.3 to Frankliniella sp. 1.5 lb Adults about 1/25 inch in length. Yellow- ish to black in color. An occasional problem in fresh market cabbage. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Wireworms diazinon - 3 to 4 lb active Ctenicera and ingredient per acre. Broadcast Limonius spp. granules or emulsifiable formu- lation evenly on the soil Brown, jointed larvae of click surface and incorporate into beetles. the top 4-8 inches of soil. Other controls and fumigants may be available. Telone II or C-17 - preplant ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ DISEASE CONTROL Proper rotations, field selection, sanitation, spacings, fertilizer and irrigation practices can reduce the risk of many diseases. Fields can be tested for presence of harmful nematodes. Using seed from reputable seed sources reduces risk from seed born diseases. THE PESTICIDES LISTED BELOW ARE TAKEN FROM THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST DISEASE CONTROL HANDBOOK, AND ARE FOR INFORMATION ONLY. CONSULT PRODUCT LABELS FOR CURRENTLY LEGAL REGISTRATIONS, RATES AND COMPLETE INSTRUCTIONS. CABBAGE -- BLACK BLIGHT (RING SPOT) IN SEED PRODUCTION Cause: Mycosphaerella brassicicola, a fungus that attacks cabbage, cauliflower, brussels sprouts and broccoli. Symptoms: Individual spots most often are black with dense fruiting bodies in tight concentric rings. Under severe attack, the spots coalesce and the entire plant may be affected and blackened. When seed stalks are attacked, the fungus causes distortion similar to 2,4-D symptoms. The infectious spore stage matures slowly over a period of months. Control: 1. Locate plant beds 1 mile or more from diseased fields. 2. Burn straw stacks and plow under diseased refuse of cabbage, turnip, and rutabaga seed fields immediately after harvest and before transplanting the new crop. 3. Hot water seed treatment at 122oF for 30 minutes eliminates seedborne inoculum. 4. Bravo and Benlate provide control of this disease when applied for downy mildew and white blight, respectively. 5. Bravo may be applied to cabbage, broccoli, and brussels sprouts. --------------------------------------------------------------------------CABBAGE -- BACTERIAL SOFT ROT Cause: Erwinia sp., a bacteria. Entrance to the plant tissue is usually through wounds caused by insects, disease organisms, or mechanical means. Under warm, humid conditions, uninjured tissue may become infected. The bacteria may be spread by insects, tools, rain, clothing, or affected plant tissue. Symptoms: Small, water-soaked areas which rapidly increase in size. The tissue becomes soft and mushy, and within a few days the affected plant part may collapse. An offensive odor is usually present. Control: 1. Set out plants in rows to allow for good air drainage. 2. Use care in cultivating to keep injuries to leaves and other parts ofplants to a minimum. 3. Overhead irrigation may encourage infection. Well water contains less bacteria than surface water. 4. Clean and spray storage walls and floors with copper sulfate solution (1 lb/5 gal water). Bactericides such as Roccal, Chlorox, and Lysol are also effective. 5. In storage, use a buffering material such as straw, paper, etc., to prevent injury to the heads. 6. Keep storage house dry and the temperature below 39 F. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CABBAGE -- BLACK LEG Cause: Phoma lingam (Leptosphaeria maculans), a fungus which is carried on the seed and overwinters on plant debris and on alternate host plants. Symptoms: Pale spots on leaves, stems, and silques (pods) which later become ashy gray with scattered black pycnidia on the surface. Stem lesions near the soil line extend below the soil surface causing a black rot of the lower stem and roots. As plants mature they fall sideways from lack of root anchorage. Many plants wilt and die. Seed crop symptoms: This disease generally does not cause reduction in seed yields. Occasionally cankers are observed on stem bases and spots appear on overwintered leaves. Symptoms on seed pods are rare and inconspicuous. Low levels of seed infection coupled with weather favorable for disease spread in eastern seedbeds has caused extremely severe losses. Control--Seed Production Fields 1. Plant only stock seed assayed and found to be free of P. lingam. Treat infected stock seed with benomyl as Benlate at 8 oz 50 WP plus thiram as Arasan at 8 oz 50 WP (Washington and Oregon only) or hot water treated at 50 C for 25 to 30 minutes. Treated stock seed should be reassayed and found free from infection before planting. 2. Seedbeds should not have crucifer crops on or near them for at least 5 years. 3. Inspect seedbeds for obvious foliar infections. 4. When lifted, transplants should not be dipped into water before transplan ting. 5. Inspect seed fields for presence of the disease. 6. Seed samples (10,000 seeds) from each lot should be assayed for the presence of P. lingam. 7. Treat infected lots with benomyl as Benlate and thiram as Arasan (see above) or hot water. Seed assays are available from the Washington State University Seed Technology Laboratory, Pullman, Washington. Control--Crop Fields: Use disease-free seed. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CABBAGE -- BLACK ROT Cause: Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, a bacterium which overwinters in plant refuse and is carried internally and externally on seed. Symptoms: When spread by water, bacteria enter water pores at the margins of leaves or occasionally through insect or other mechanical injuries. The tissue in these areas becomes yellow and the chlorosis progresses toward the center of the leaf. This creates a V-shaped area with the base of the V at the midrib of the leaf. The veins in these areas become dark brown or black, and when the leaf is held up to a strong light source they show up as a black net. From the leaf, the infection proceeds up and down the main stem causing blackening of the vascular tissue. The infection goes systemic at this point, and symptoms the same as those found from direct infection may appear anywhere on the plant. Unilateral stunting of some leaves occurs. When seed is infected, the first symptoms appear on the cotyledons. The cotyledons rapidly wilt and drop off usually however, the infection has reached the stem and proceeds upward. Development of the disease may stop in unfavorable weather only to begin when conditions are favorable. Optimum temperatures for development are 80o to 86o F. Water in the form of dew, rain, or sprinkler irrigation is necessary for spread. Control: 1. Use clean seed. Seed from west coast sources is almost always free from this disease. 2. Use a 2-year rotation out of crucifers in production fields. 3. Use a 3-year rotation on the transplant bed. This is most important since most infection spread occurs in the seed bed. 4. Contaminated seed can be cleaned by hot water seed treatment of 122 F for 30 minutes. 5. The varieties `Defender' and `Guardian' are resistant. Other research from N.Y. classifies varieties in regards to their susceptibility as follows: Susceptibility to Black Rot Low Medium High Bravo Green Winter Superdane Hinova Superelite Superkraut Zerlina Atria Titanic 90 Renova Protector Roundup Stonar Krautking King Cole Little Rock Krautpacker Rodolfo Bartolo Polinius Lennox --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CABBAGE -- CLUB ROOT Cause: Plasmodiophora brassicae, a fungus. This fungus can survive in the soil for years following an infected crop. Symptoms: Young plants wilt in hot weather, but recover partially at night. Older plants are stunted, and leaves may drop off. Roots develop clubs or swellings up to 5 or 6 inches in diameter. The largest clubs are usually just below the soil level, on the larger roots. Control: A. The cabbage variety `Badger Shipper' offers resistance to some races of the disease. B. Disease-free plants and disease-free soil: Since young plants can be infected and not show any symptoms, e.g., swelling of the roots, it is important that only plants grown in soil known to be free of the casual fungus be planted. If possible, plant only in club-root-free soils, but when in doubt, it is better to treat. C. Disease-free plants and diseased soil: If it is not possible to use disease-free soil, the following practices and chemicals will aid in keeping club root under control. 1. Lime field heavily, which discourages spore germination. Even if the infected soil is alkaline, e.g., has a pH 8, at least 1500 lb of hydrated lime must be added to the soil each time cabbage is planted. Use long rotations to prevent a buildup of lime in the soil. The hydrated lime should be added to the soil at least 6 weeks before planting. 2. Preplanting soil treatment with PCNB (Terraclor). PCNB does not give complete control of club root, but it will reduce the number of clubs and secondary rotting of roots so that a nearly normal sized crop may be produced. Broadcast: For transplant or direct-seeded fields, use 40 lb actual PCNB/A, depending on soil type. Disc or rototill the PCNB into the top 4 inches of soil. The treatment is effective for two seasons if the soil is only rototilled and cultivated, not plowed. Bands: For transplant or direct-seeded fields. Although a savings in chemical may be made the first year by applying it in bands previous to planting and cultivating it into the top 4 inches of soil, the second year benefit from this application of chemical is lost. 3. Use starter solutions (use at rate of 1 cup/plant at time of planting). a. PCNB (Terraclor) .5 to .75 percent suspension (4 lb of 75 percent WP/100 gal water). This treatment is recommended only for commercial growers. 4. Delay planting to avoid wet soil. Residues: Terraclor--cabbage: Tolerance 0.1 ppm (Interim). Row application prior to transplanting (maximum 40 lb actual PCNB/A). Broadcast prior to planting (maximum of 40 lb actual PCNB/A). Transplant solution--.75 pt/plant of transplant solution containing 4.5 lb actual PCNB/100 gal. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CABBAGE -- DAMPING-OFF AND WIRESTEM Cause: Several fungi including Rhizoctonia and Pythium sp. These fungi are common soil inhabitants. They are widespread and can be very destructive under cool, moist conditions. Symptoms: Damping off results in killing of seedlings before or soon after they emerge from the soil. Beneath the soil a general rot is observed. Seedlings which emerge from the soil develop a lesion near where the tender stem is in contact with the soil surface, and the seedling collapses. In some cases, the seedling may continue to grow even though the lesion has girdled the stem. The lesion is quite sunken, and the stem resembles a wire, hence the name wirestem. The girdled seedling eventually dies. Control: 1. Delay planting as long as possible to avoid cold, moist soils, which favor disease development. 2. Avoid excessive irrigation. Irrigate in the morning. 3. Grow transplanted seedlings in sterilized soil. 4. Improve the texture of heavy soils. 5. See Cabbage -- Treatment. 6. When Pythium spp. is a problem, apply Ridomil 2E. Broadcast: Apply 4 pt Ridomil 2E/A at planting in 20 to 50 gal water. Banded: Apply 0.5 to 1 pt Ridomil 2E/13,000 linear ft of row in a 7-inch band. Broadcast and incorporated: Apply 1 to 2 pt/A as a broadcast soil application in 20 to 50 gal of water and incorporate in the top 2 inches of soil. If plantings are made on bed, broadcast and incorporate before forming beds. To minimize the development of fungi resistant to Ridomil, do not make foliar applications if Ridomil was used at planting (see Cabbage and Cauliflower -- Downey Mildew). -------------------------------------------------------------------------- CABBAGE -- DOWNY MILDEW Cause: Peronospora parasitica, a fungus. Nearly all cultivated and weed plants of Cruciferae are affected by downy mildew. The several strains of the fungus, however, are specific to certain groupings of crops, e.g., the radish strain causes little damage to cabbage. The fungus overwinters in roots or old diseased plant parts. Spores of the fungus may be spread as contaminants on seeds. There is no proof that the fungus enters the seed. High humidity, fog, drizzling rains, and heavy dew are conducive to disease development and spread. Optimum conditions for development of the disease are night tempera tures of 46 to 61 F for four or more successive nights, and day temperature approximately 75 F or lower. Symptoms: Seedlings: White mildew principally on underside of leaf with yellowing on upper side. Later the leaf may become papery and die. Cabbage heads: Sunken black spots which may be minute or larger than 1 inch in diameter. Lower leaves: May become severely infected. Control: The following practices are effective: 1. Increase the ratio of phosphate to potash in the fertilizer to 2:1 or 3:1. 2. Use one of the following spray alternatives: a. Spray seeding beds with Bravo 6F 1.25 pt/A with water to cover or Ridomil/Bravo 8lW at 1.5 to 2.0 lb/A. b. Several formulations of fixed copper are available with labels for this disease. Fixed copper can cause phytotoxicity on some varieties at high rates. c. Spray maneb at 1.2 to 1.6 lb ai/A. Do not apply more than 9.6 lb ai/A/season. Do not apply within 7 days of harvest. d. Spray fosetyl-Al (Abette) at 1.6 to 4.0 lb ai/A. Do not apply in less than 15 gal water/A. Do not apply more than 7 times a season or within 3 days of harvest. 3. Apply first spray as soon as seedlings appear and repeat three times per week until plants are set out in field. Spraying for mildew requires complete coverage of the plant. In general, high gallonage ground application has been more effective than air application. Resistance is being incorporated into commercial varieties, but at present there are no resistant commercial varieties available. Residues: Bravo--1.125 lb ai/A in water to cover. Tolerance 5 ppm. No time limitation. Ridomil/Bravo 8lW - do not apply within 7 days of harvest. Warning: Resistance to Ridomil has been confirmed in the Northwest. To minimize further development of resistance, use as follows. If Ridomil is used at planting (see Cabbage and Cauliflower -- Damping-Off), do not make foliar applications. Do not use it as a curative spray once disease has developed. Use only as a preventive spray and only in combination with another registered fungicide. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CABBAGE -- DROP, WATERY SOFT ROT, OR WHITE ROT Cause: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a fungus. This disease survives in crop refuse and in the soil as sclerotia (hardened fungus bodies), averaging about the size of a pea. This fungus attacks a wide range of crops and weeds. It produces microscopic spores that grow first on dead organic matter (often spent flower petals) and then attack the plants. Symptoms: The disease occurs for the most part above the ground level a cottony, white mold. As the cabbage leaves decay, small, dark bodies appear in the mold. Finally the white mass is replaced by numerous hardened sclerotia which gradually change in color from white to black. On seed crops, stem attacks cause severe losses. The diseased tissues eventua lly bleach white, giving the disease its name "white blight." Sclerotia that are black on the surface and white inside, associated with this bleached tissue, are diagnostic. Control: (1) Rotate using nonsusceptible crops such as grass or grains. (2) Permit maximum aeration between rows. (3) On seed crops (broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, collards, kale, kohlrabi, mustard, rutabagas, and turnips) the most effective control for this disease is by aerial spray application of benomyl as Benlate (Pacific Northwest only). Apply as a thorough-coverage spray using 2 lb in 5 to 10 gal water/A. Add a spreader for coverage. Make first application at first petal fall make two additional applications at 14-day intervals if conditions favor development of the disease. For seed production only, Chipco 26019 is registered in Oregon and Washington. Apply 2 to 4 lb/A in 20 to 100 gal of water. Use at least 10 gal/A for air applications. Apply at full bloom. Do not feed treated crop or graze treated area. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CABBAGE -- LEAF SPOT Cause: Alternaria brassicae and A. brassiciola, two fungi. These fungi survive from year to year on seed and cabbage leaves and roots. Symptoms: Chlorotic yellow spots develop enlarging to circular areas coated with black spores. Infection ranges in size from areas barely visible to those more than 2 to 3 inches in diameter. On infected cabbage seed pods, violet to tan-colored spots develop, becoming worse in wet weather. Control: (1) Rotate crops and use clean seed. (2) Seed not known to be clean may be treated in hot water at a temperature of 122 F for 25 to 30 minutes. Make a seed germination test following hot treatment. (3) Spray material listed under downy mildew will help control this disease. (4) For seed production only, Rovral 50 WP is registered in Washington and Oregon. Apply 2 to 4 lb/A in 20 to 100 gal of water. Use at least 10 gal/A for air applica tions. An appropriate spreader-sticker is recommended. Apply at full bloom, pod set, and prior to harvest if disease pressure is severe. Do not use treated crop debris or screenings for food or feed. Do not graze treated area. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- CABBAGE -- NEMATODE (Sugarbeet Cyst) Cause: Heterodera schachtii Symptoms: First field symptom indicating nematodes is the appearance of small, conspicuous areas where plants are stunted. Later in the season, areas of nematode infestation often are marked by absence of plants and presence of weed patches. In severely infested fields, areas of decline usually can be identified by excessive leaf wilting during hot weather. Affected areas increase in size with continuous cropping of host crops. Infected plants are much smaller than normal ones. Frequently they have a dense system of secondary roots, called a hairy-root condition. Examination with a hand lens usually will show numerous small, white, beadlike structures on roots of infected plants. These structures are lemon-shaped and later become cysts containing eggs that develop into future generations of nema todes. Dwarfed plants that have a tendency to wilt during warm weather should be pulled and examined for small, white, beadlike females. Soil intended for cabbage production can be examined for this pest by a simple field test: Place a teaspoonful of soil i a glass of water, stir briefly, and allow debris to float to the surface. It is then possible to see and recognize any brownish cysts that adhere to the sides of the glass. Discovery of nematodes by this test will not predict severity of infestation but will show that the field has a nematode history. Control: 1. Crop rotation is an effective method for reducing nematode population since this pest has a small host range. In addition to sugarbeets other hosts are mangel-wurzel, table beet, cabbage, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, rape, turnip, rutabaga, and radish. Weed hosts are dock, knotweed, lambsquarters, mustard, nightshade, purslane, saltbush and red root. Any of these plants that survive from year to year may act as reservoirs in maintain ing the pests and may counteract much of the value of crop rotation. These crops may be used in a short-term rotation; beans, sweet clover, corn, grains, peas, potatoes, and tomatoes. Alfalfa is suitable for a long rotation period. Length of rotation period should vary with severity of nematode infection. Slight infestations may require only a 2 year program whereas severe infestations require a 5 to 6 year interval. 2. Do not return tare to fields. 3. Soil fumigation with Telone II. For rates of application see Soil Fumigation Guide Chart in the Pesticide Use for Disease Control Section. Sampling: Cyst nematodes are sedentary endoparasites (see Nematodes--Life History). Infective second-stage juveniles, adult males (rarely), and cysts (the dead body of the female which contains eggs) can be obtained from the soil samples. However, cyst extraction requires a special extraction proce dure, and if a cyst count is desired it should be noted on the form that accompanies the sample. During the growing season it is helpful to send roots as well as soil to assist the diagnosis. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ CABBAGE -- OEDEMA (Edema) Cause: Physiological Symptoms: This nonparasitic disease may occur on any plant part but is usually found on the lower surface of leaves. The first symptom is a watery blister or gall that can be few or numerous. The more succulent tissue appears to be more susceptible. Blisters or galls will turn a dark brown, yellow, or rust color and give the appearance of a rust or bacterial infection. The disorder is more prominent when ambient temperatures are lower than soil temperatures, soil moisture is high, and relative humidity is high. Low transpiration rates with an increase in water absorption increase cell pressure, erupting epidermal cells and allowing the inner cells to enlarge and protrude. This protrusion of the inner cells causes the cells to die and discolor (yellow, brown, or rust), giving the impression that a parasitic organism is involved. Any mechanical injury to epidermal cells causes a similar effect. The most common causes of oedema in the Pacific Northwest are insect feeding injury (particularly aphids), injury from windblown soil particles, and damage from chemical applications. Control: 1. Control insects, particularly aphids. 2. When cabbages are small, control windblown soil particles by sprinkler irrigation during periods of high wind. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CABBAGE -- PHYTOPHTHORA ROOT ROT Cause: Phytophthora megasperma is a fungus that serves as resistant spores in the soil and infects its hosts with swimming zoospores under wet conditions. Symptoms: Above ground portions of the plant wilt. When the root systems are examined, lateral roots are absent or entirely decayed. The top roots are entirely decayed or show large, dark lesions along their entire length. Symptomatic plants are found in wet areas of the field. Control: 1. Plant only on well-drained soil that has a minimum of low areas where water can accumulate. 2. Avoid excessive irrigation. 3. Treat seedbed with Ridomil 2E as a surface broadcast of 4 pt/A in 20 to 50 gal/A, or as a 7-inch band application of 2 pt/13,000 linear ft row in 20 to 50 gal/A, or as broadcast incorporated to 2 inches at 4 to 8 pt/A in 20 to 50 gal/A. If plantings are made on beds, broadcast and incorporate prior to bedding. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CABBAGE -SEED TREATMENT Aids in controlling black rot, Alternaria leaf spot, and damping off. Apply captan or thiram according to label directions. Hot water seed treatment -- 122 degrees F for 30 minutes. Where Pythium is a problem, Anchor flowable at 1.5 fl oz/cwt seed. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- CABBAGE -- TIP BURN Cause: Physiological disorder. All cabbage varieties grown in Oregon are susceptible to some degree to tip burn. Some difference between varieties is recognized. This disorder is aggravated by high fertility and high tempera tures. Some research indicates that it may be influenced by an imbalance of nitrogen, potassium, and calcium. Water stress followed by a period of excessive growth and low humidity is conducive to development of tip burn. These conditions influence calcium uptake and distribution in the cabbage head. Amount and frequency of irrigation appear to influence incidence of tip burn. Symptoms: A marginal necrosis of internal leaves. The symptoms can extend from a few, small, brown spots on the edges of the interior leaves to large areas of the leaf margin turning brown and eventually decaying. External symptoms are usually absent. Control: Research in Wisconsin has attributed the disorder to a deficiency of calcium in the inner leaves research in New York has implicated imbalances of nitrogen and potash. Other research indicates that high temperatures following periods of excessive growth can cause tip burn. No effective controls are known. Holding nitrogen levels to the lowest level possible commensurate with adequate yields is helpful. Nitrogen rates should not exceed 100 lb/A. The form of nitrogen may be important with ammonium forms less desirable than nitrate forms. Do not apply excessive rates of potash or other chemicals that would compete with calcium uptake. Soil samples should show adequate base saturation and adequate levels of calcium. Use adequate irrigation to avoid water stress conditions which would restrict calcium movement to inner leaves. Harvest when the cabbage is at the optimum maturity to avoid allowing the cabbage to become excessively firm. Research from Cornell University describes variety susceptibility to tip burn. Slightly susceptible: `Superdane', `Flacon', `Hinova', `Atria', `Rudolfo', `Superkraut', `Krautpaker'. More susceptible: `Titanic 90', `Roundup', `Bravo', `Krautking', `Little Rock'. Quite susceptible: `King Cole', `Quisto', `Superette'. Very susceptible: `Green Boy', `Rio Verde', `Condor', `Izalco'. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ --------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- This information was adapted by the Oregon State University Extension Service from Oregon and Pacific NW publications as well as other vegetable production guidelines from public institutions in the U.S. and Canada. These guidelines are intended as a general guide for Oregon commercial vegetable producers. Address comments or questions to your County Extension Agent or Dr. N. S. Mansour, Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 9733l. --------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- From
[email protected] Mar 28 00:12:07 1996 Date: Wed, 27 Mar 1996 21:38:09 -0500 From: "Lawrence F. London, Jr." To:
[email protected] Cc:
[email protected] Subject: Carrot Fly FAQ (fwd) Carrot Fly FAQ V. 1.0 by Ronald Lowe [ Part 2: "Attached Text" ]
Carrot Fly FAQ v1.0 From: Ronald Lowe
Date: 1996/02/06 MessageID: [email protected] x-nntp-posting-host: we118can.demon.co.uk x-broken-date: Tue, 06 Feb 1996 20:17:52 GMT0BST1 x-mail2news-path: relay-4.mail.demon.net!post.demon.co.uk!we118can.demon.co.uk organization: None reply-to: [email protected] newsgroups: uk.rec.gardening Given below is version 1.0 of the Carrot Fly FAQ. The author would like to offer sincere thanks to all those who took time and trouble to read the Draft. Their comments, criticisms, suggestions, (and indeed praise), were just what was needed to spur him on to finish this FAQ. It is the intention of the author not to update this FAQ until the autumn. He hopes that at that time he will receive shoals of mail from anybody and everybody telling him how good / bad their Carrot crop was, and how effective / ineffective were the preventive measures they took. In the meantime comments on v1.0 will always be welcome. -- Ron Lowe ([email protected]) Wisdom comes in 10 parts, 9 of which are silence. The tenth is brevity of language. (Old Scottish proverb). ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ CARROT FLY FAQ. VERSION 1.O (6TH FEBRUARY 1996) This FAQ will be maintained by Ron Lowe, ([email protected]), to whom all correspondence should be sent. ------------------------------------------------------------------------Before you start remember the old military maxim "Know your Enemy" GOOD READING (1). Organic Gardening. 1988 version. Author Roy Lacey. Approved by the Soil Association. ISBN.0-7153-9175-5 (2). Which? Guide to Pests and Diseases. 1991 version. ISBN. 0-340-55000-7 (3). Know and Grow Vegetables. 2 paperbacks. ISBN. 0-19-857547-5 (book 1) 0-19-286017-8 (book 2) ( My copies now quite old, 1979 & 1982. May be out of print). (4). Garden Pests and Diseases. R.H.S. 1992 version. Soft back. ISBN. 1-85732-906-6 (5). Which? Guide to Gardening without Chemicals. 1990 version. ISBN. 0-340-52796-X Excluding (3) all may be available in your local library. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------CARROT FLY (Psila rosea) 1. WHAT IS A CARROT FLY ? An adult carrot fly is a very small black fly which has been described as "a low flying miniature cruise missile". The fly is reputed to be attracted to the Carrots by smell. It lays it's eggs in the soil adjacent to the Carrot(s). The grub of the fly over-winters in the ground gorging itself on your Carrots, pupates and lays eggs in early spring. Eggs will ideally be laid near to Carrots but Parsley, (and Cow Parsley), Celery, (and possibly Parsnips), are also liked. After the spring generation have hatched they lay eggs in June and July and this generation hatches and matures in enough time to have another frenzy of egg laying August / September time. 2. HOW DO I KNOW MY CARROTS HAVE GOT THE FLY ? Basically you will not know until you lift the crop. In severe infestations the first sign is that the Carrot leaves look an orange / reddish / rusty colour. They then turn yellow. On lifting an affected Carrot it will be seen that the root end will be black or dark. Close examination of what appear to be good Carrots may reveal small holes in the Carrot. If Carrots are put in a bucket of water badly affected ones will come to the surface. This however does not mean that those which do not float are totally unaffected. 3. I THINK MY CROP IS AFFECTED. WHAT DO I DO ? Lift the crop. There is no point in leaving them in the ground as all you are doing is giving the carrot fly maggot ideal board and lodgings. Give the Carrots the bucket of water test and discard any which come to the surface. Of the others you may, with a bit of judicious cutting and scraping, be able to salvage something. Any you consider eatable open freeze for 24 hours, or blanch and freeze, then bag and store. 4. CAN I PREVENT CARROT FLY ATTACKS ? There are 5 options you may wish to try... 1. Companion planting. 2. Prevent the fly getting to the carrots. 3. Apply an insecticide to the soil to prevent eggs hatching. 4. Use a fly resistant variety. 5. Careful timing. Lets look at the options... 4.1. It is thought that if a screen of strong smelling vegetables is planted around the row(s) of carrots it will deter the fly. Onions or Garlic are usually used. However Carrots are an all the year crop whereas Onion and Garlic are usually of sufficient height for a couple of months of the year only. Most gardeners will have lifted their Onions and Garlic well before the fly is at it's most numerous in the early Autumn. You could try the newish spring onions of the Ishikuro type that can be picked at almost any stage from small to leek size. ([email protected]). 4.2. This is a fairly satisfactory method. The author grows his early Carrots in a cold frame which is about 28" tall at the rear and 12" tall at the front. A percentage of the crop is usually affected, (very roughly 10 - 15%). Good Reading (1) suggests building a screen approx 18" high around the Carrot rows using stakes and polythene sheeting. Other suggestions are... 1. This year I used fleece on a number of crops - very impressed. If you can bear to have your garden looking like a snowscape, this will give much earlier crops and will protect from most flying insects such as carrot fly and cabbage white butterflies. ([email protected]). 2. I grew carrots under loose agryl fleece with the carrots pushing it up as they grow and I got pretty clean carrots This was in the vale of York where carrot fly is terrible. The only problem was taking it off to weed properly which was a hassle. ([email protected]). 3. Have you tried growing them under that gauze matting type of thing, it has a name, but I can't remember it. It lets enough light and rain through, but keeps the pesky carrot flies out. It is also used to bring on early crops etc. ([email protected]). 4. Marshalls are selling a new product "Enviromesh" for crop protection. It can be laid over hoops. It's more expensive than fleece (?15.75 for 15ft x 7ft) but is supposed to last at least 5 years. ([email protected]). Suggested Suppliers of Fleeces. Netlon Ltd Kelly Street Blackburn Lancs BB2 4PJ (01254) 262431 --- Nortene Ltd Linenhall House Stanley Street Chester CH1 2LR (01244) 346193 --- Pan Products Ltd Faraday Road Aylesbury Bucks HP19 3RY The first two I believe do both screens and fleece, the last only ground cover materials. ([email protected]). ---- Agriframes - (01342)319111 7.95 UKP for 40*5 ft roll. A local nursery sells it by the metre off a huge roll. I can't remember the price, but it was the cheapest by far and you can get it cut to the length of your beds - overlapping smaller bits is a pain. ([email protected]). 4.3.1. There are a great many brands of insecticide on sale in garden centres and ironmongers. The author spent quite a bit of time in 3 local centres reading labels and not once did he find the words "carrot fly". It would appear that using chemicals may be a bit hit or miss. However Good Reading (4) suggests the following... When sowing treat the seed drill with diazinon and chlorpyrifos, phoxim, (however see para 4.3.2. below). This will protect the plants for about 6 - 8 weeks. Carrots not to be lifted until the autumn should also be watered thoroughly in late August with spray strength pirimiphos-methylin 2. There are few insecticides available to amateur gardeners for the following reasons. Firstly to do the job strong products are needed which are generally too toxic for amateurs to use. Secondly Carrots have a habit of accumulating pesticide in the root and therefore only chemicals which are poorly systemic are generally used. Normally the soil is treated and not the Carrot. Thirdly amateur usage often requires different residue trials to be carried out and under EU rules for North Europe only this can cost over 100,000 per product per crop. Minor uses such as carrot fly is unlikely to be supported in the future. At present only a few products have carrot fly as an approved use. Chlorophos (PBI) containing diazinon & chlorpyrifos Soil Pest Killer (Miracle) containing pirimiphos-methyl Both are dusts used at sowing or transplanting. Pirimiphos-methyl (Sybol) drench can be used afterwards but is bound onto organic matter and will not penetrate far into the soil. Caution...There are no other actives approved for amateur use that I am aware of. Phoxim approvals (Murphy Soil Pest Killer) were revocated in 1994 with a sell out period to the end of 1996 (I believe). ([email protected]). 4.4.1 Marshalls sell a variety called Sytan that is claimed to be less attacked by carrot fly than other varieties. In the past 2 years, my experience is that their claim is fully justified. It doesn't taste quite as good as a true Nantes, but is close. I recommend it. Sytan is 1.16 for a medium packet, 1.75 for a large one, but there is also postage - see the catalogue for details. ([email protected]). 2. The resistant varieties like T&M 'Flyaway' (I think!) are getting quite good press. ([email protected]). 3. Good Reading (5) suggests the quick maturing variety Nandor. 5.1 If using fleece or other barrier method the seeds can be sown in Feb / March and lifted in July leaving clear soil before the major problem of second generation larvae develops. Secondly delay sowing until early June and sow thinly. The carrots are then quite young at the second generation egg laying time and are less attractive. If sown thinly they will not need to be thinned and therefore not produce the odour of damaged carrot which will really attract the fly. If the carrots are then lifted in October / November (they will be small but relatively uninfested) any remaining larvae are left without a source of food and die over winter. 5. ANYTHING ELSE I CAN DO ? As the fly is reputed to be attracted to Carrots by smell it would suggest that care should be taken when harvesting to prevent as far as possible any bruising of the foliage. Good spacing may help in this respect. As Carrot seed is notoriously difficult to sow perhaps trying pelleted seeds may help. Do >
Transfer interrupted! From [email protected] Apr 9 22:50:55 1995 Date: 14 Mar 95 17:46:37 -0600 From: [email protected] Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: Re: Info in growing carrots from seed? In article <[email protected]>, [email protected] (Ted Swirsky) writes: > > My daughter likes carrots and insisted we buy some seeds. Are carrots > difficult to grow? Any special requirements besides deep, loosened soil? > > We are in South Jersey. Thanks!
Carrots are very easy to grow.... easiest in sandy or peaty soils, because the roots brush penetrate the soil easily and "grow straight", and the soil brushes off easily for harvest. If you've got a heavy, clay-ey soil, you can either grow little round carrots (these are special cultivars), or you can dig a pit, fill it with sand and compost mixture and grow in that. Look around and you'll probably see several cultivars of carrots: why not try several kinds? Some I particularly like are: Nantes Coreless, a classic "big carrot", like from the store Bolero, with a cylindrical root and good flavor Planet, a baby carrot, one of the ball shaped ones for heavy soil, but excellent flavor Little Finger, a small carrot, of the "gourmet baby carrot" persuasion. Carrots do take a while to germinate, and sometimes carry a seedcoat virus that wreaks havoc on the crop. To help both problems, soak carrot seed in milk for 24 hours before planting (use a shallow dish, like a saucer, and any milk... skim or whole. The milk proteins inactivate the virus). Plant the presoaked seed in moist soil, and keep the seeds moist until they germinate, about 2-3 weeks in cooler temperatures. Cover the seeds in the row with a couple of layers of gunny sack if you're concerned with soil drying out... remove it when the plants sprout. Don't forget to thin the rows of young carrots, since most of us plant the seeds much too closely together. An inch or so apart is the spacing I aim for when I plant carrot seeds, but I usually seem to wind up with 2-3 carrots per inch... and you've got to (whining sound!) pull the extras so that the remainder can develop properly. Mixing the seed with sand when you're planting it can help get the seeds a bit more spread out initially. Kay Klier [email protected]
From [email protected] Tue Nov 29 19:37:07 EST 1994 Article: 48571 of rec.gardens Newsgroups: rec.gardens Path: bigblue.oit.unc.edu!concert!gatech!newsxfer.itd.umich.edu!caen!hearst.acc.Virginia.EDU!murdoch!fermi.clas.Virginia.EDU!mem7c From: [email protected] (Michael E. Matthews) Subject: Making Compost FAQ (long) Message-ID: Sender: [email protected] Organization: uva Date: Mon, 28 Nov 1994 20:48:48 GMT Lines: 641
The following is a collection of composting advice from Jim McNelly, aka Mr. Compost. Long-time readers of rec. gardens will know him well. It is a compilation of some of his replies to various questions from this group. It contains the essentials of composting. If anyone has other of his posts saved, I would sure like to recieve them. Michael Matthews in central VA
*************************** Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: Composting 101 From: [email protected] (Jim Mcnelly) Message-ID: <[email protected]> Date: Thu, 19 May 94 02:51:00 +0600 Organization: Granite City Connection St. Cloud MN 612-654-8372
As requested, here is my recipe for home composting. Mulching (leaving things in layers) is easier than "piling" organic residues, but there is a place for passive compost piles as well. But for those who desire to make an active, hot, compost pile that is ready for curing in three to four weeks, here is my tried and true formula for cooking hot compost. Active composting is a BATCH process. It differs from passive piles that just sit there or continuous flow systems where stuff is periodically dumped on top of the material already in the bin. 1. PREPARE THE AREA: Avoid walls and fences that can rot and discolor. Stay within reach of the hose. Choose a spot away >from drainage swales and roof overflow. Avoid low spots where water can stand or pond. Leave plenty of room to access with pitch fork and wheel barrow. The area should be from 6'x6' up to 12'x9'. 2. CHOOSE YOUR BIN. Small yards use enclosed plastic, preferably insulated bins. Large yards use larger open air designs without covers. Large doors are better than small ones. Three stage systems are best, but only one, maybe two bins are active at any given time. The three stages are stockpiling, active composting, and curing. Curing piles do not need bins. 3. STOCKPILING: Since active composting is a batch process, it requires a full bin of material and this usually requires stockpiling. Materials easy to store include leaves, wood mulch, pine needles and cones, old compost, and shredded paper. 4. INOCULATING: Active composting is helped by adding old compost or leaf mould as an inoculant. This can range from 10% up to 50% from the curing pile or the still-cooking, last batch. Avoid soil except as a last resort. Use bagged compost or manure if starting for the first time. Packaged inoculants do no harm, and may even help, but are not a substitute for old compost. 5.MIXING and 6. WATERING: Layer your various ingredients OUTSIDE THE BIN, watering each layer as you go. Think "Green and Brown". Add 10% bulky matter like wood chips to keep the pile loose to avoid matting. THEN fork the layers into the bin, mixing as you go, blending wet with dry, watering as necessary. Water like a seed bed, avoiding runoff. The mix should end up 50% moisture like a damp sponge. Now and during the 3 weeks of active composting is the time to add table scraps. Avoid adding lime, it can disturb the natural pH shift and delay decomposition. 7. AERATE: Like any other form of livestock, your "herd" of bacteria needs food, air, and water. You have added food with a balance of carbon and nitrogen, which is the green and brown. You just added water. Now the bacteria need air. Old compost theory suggests that you "turn the pile for aeration; recent studies show that a pile uses up its oxygen in as little as 1/2 hour after turning. Like a barbecue or a fireplace grate, a pile needs ventilation. This is provided through a passive aeration base. Some use brush, stalks, screen on boards, rocks, wood chips, flat aeration pipe, other mechanism to let air infiltrate at the base from outside. The air will rise up due to the convection, chimney effect, of warm air rising. With wood chips added, the pile will self aerate with an aeration grate without turning. Poking the pile from the top down to the base with a piece of rebar or 1/4" rod every 6" will break up mats and provide extra air channels. The pile will begin active composting within 48 hours and cook by itself. You can help the process by mixing at least once after a week, sort of like stirring the coals, adding moisture as necessary. When it is not frozen outside, I make a compost batch every 2 weeks, often using half cooked compost from two weeks previously to mix with the fresh grass clippings. Personally, I bag my grass because I like making and using compost, but letting the clippings lie is a fine way to avoid the effort of active composting. Follow these steps toward batch composting and you will see the pile heat and cook, giving off the steam of life as it decomposes. I think everyone should experience the pleasure of having a compost pile cook well at least *once* in their lives. Two last tips, *underwatering* is the largest single cause of slow composting. Piles in *standing* water is the number one cause of odors. Have fun! Mr Compost~~~ Jim~ McNelly Granite Connection 612-259-0801 [email protected] -- * May 19th - What's all this fuss about endangered feces?
DF>Problem: I have a "by the book" compost heap that is not generating heat. Sounds like you should compost that book Dave. (g) DF>Contents: Lawn clippings, kitchen scraps, wood chips from my shop(possible problem since they contain redwood, aromatic cedar, and fiberboard, which contains formaldehyde) and plant food (Miracle Grow). You need some old compost as an inoculant first off. Secondly, tell us what proportions of each. My guess is that you are heavy in the wood chips, of which I do not recommend more than 10% unless composting heavy muck like sewage sludge or wet chicken manure. Why did you add the chemical fertilizer and how much? Don't worry about the compounds in the wood products. DF>I keep it wet and cover it with black plastic. The frame is a box (3` x 3`) made by stacking cinder blocks. It is in the north side of the house. I turn it daily with a fork. Turning daily is never recommended. After the initial mix, I don't turn my piles at home at all. In commercial operations, I turn maybe three times in three weeks, twice in the first ten days. Turning lets out the heat. I assume that the two dimensions also mean that the box is 3' deep too, for a total of one cubic yard. Wood chips add structure, but little available carbon since it is still locked up in the wood fiber. Adding wood chips to a compost pile is like giving a thirsty child an eight pound block of ice. Why did you cover it with black plastic? That is like throwing a wet cloth on a fire, halting ventilation. Covering a pile also keeps moisture from coming in. I recommend plastic sides to keep too much air from coming in from the sides where it dries the pile and cools it. Air should come in from the base, like a kettle barbecue or a fireplace grate. It should then rise out the top, with the chimney effect. Keeping the pile covered halts the natural ventilation. DF>Each time I add the lawn clippings it heats up a bit, but it is short lived. Yep. The pile is suffocating, and probably lacking nitrogen >from more green stuff. Mr. Compost~~~ -- * May 8th - I'm writing a book. I've got the page numbers done.
Subject: Is this a compost pile? # Papa Pilgrim writes: JK>Or What? I have a pit in the far corner of my backyard. (great stories deleted) All in all, what I am doing seems to be right and is certainly too much fun. But--is it compost or just rotted stuff? Yo bro! Your pile is a decomposing pile of rotting stuff, not a true composting pile. True compost is made in batches where the organic matter heats up, feeds abundant organisms that like the hot environment, then they cool down. But most people call any old dark organic stuff "compost". I saw a commercial for the Troy Built chipper that claimed that a man can put brush in one end and "compost" comes out the other! Many of my clients in my composting consulting business bought large tub grinders thinking that they "made compost". When they start through the learning curve about making piles, adding moisture, keeping it turned, they gradually come to appreciate true compost. But many people get upset when I tell them that they do not have true compost, so I maybe have to think of a new word that means *only* organic matter made from hot, active piles. But there is no *better or worse* as far as the plants are concerned. Nature does not make piles, she makes thin layers. God does not teach bears and other animals to use pitch forks, carry water, and turn piles. Nature is simple, doing her thing in layers, a bit each year. The worms do the dirty work. Humans seem to *need* to make piles. Once we do, we start composting. When we are done, we put nature's life back to the soil in layers. I say do what works for you. Let it grow. We all should be fruitful! Mr Compost~~~ * May 23rd - Let me see.... Now how does that twit filter work?
Subject: Sawdust in compost Michael asks an excellent question: M>What advice can anyone give in using sawdust (oak and birch >primarily) in composting. Can sawdust be the "brown" and grass >the "green" effectively or do I still need to add larger wood >chips for areation purposes? The distinction between carbon as bulking material for aeration and carbon as food was largely lost in the early 1970s when many sludge composting sites failed due to foul odors. Wood chips are not "available" carbon whereas sawdust is. Sawdust tends to compact, however, and too much can "smother" a composting pile. Too little or too much of a good thing can be a problem. Composting is largely a process of finding a balance of various ingredients. I read something about "fuzzy logic" where numerous variables in cooking, brewing, and composting can be managed via computer programs, something akin to master chefs, brewmasters, or composting gurus. I know that it took me many years and trials and errors before I became confident in what and how much of various materials to add. A computer program will rarely tell you *why* it is recommending a particular mix. Back to your question, sawdust varies as to its age and moisture content, but adding around 20% by volume is a lot. I add about 10% wood chips, usually older compost "overs" screened out from previous batches. I add anywhere from 10% to 50% old compost as an inoculant, less if the compost is mature, more if it is fresh. Most piles are deficient in Nitrogen, not carbon. M>Finally, although I do keep sawdust generated from plywood >separate from that generated from hardwood, is it OK to use >plywood sawdust in the compost pile? I wish I could give a pat answer to this question like I can paper products, where I say use them all you please. But not all plywoods are made the same, and I have seen some disturbing levels of formaldehyde which have me a bit wary at the moment about particle and plywood boards. There are so many other sawdust products which are not under question so I suggest that you follow my general rule, which is "when in doubt, keep it out." These sawdusts may be perfectly fine, and I would use them in a mixed waste compost, but in my own garden? Probably not. When I have more conclusive data like I have on the safety of paper, I will vary my position accordingly. Mr Compost~~~ * May 24th - Pay no attention to the man behind the curtain.
Subject: Composting grass Waldek writes: WT>Has anyone had a good experience with composting grass clippings? >When I put it in my compost pile it turns into a sticky mess which takes ages to decompose. I wonder if there is something the grass could be mixed with to help the breakdown process or should I join my neighbours in the weekly routine of hauling bags of the stuff to the curb? Help, help, I'm drowning in hay! I have composted literally hundreds of thousands of tons of grass clippings, and bag my grass at home too. I believe that composting clippings and applying compost to the lawn is better than letting the clippings lie. (although mulching the clippings is better than landfilling any day!) My recipe is the same for home and commercial alike. I have two active batches going and one curing pile. Each week, I stockpile the clippings in a holding bin. The next week, I add the current week's clippings with last week's along with some old compost (10% up to 50%) which is coarse with old wood chips. These materials are layered OUTSIDE the active bin, watered layer by layer. THEN they are forked into the active bin, mixing thoroughly, watering dry areas. My active bin has an aeration mat at the base allowing air to infiltrate from the base. Once the bin is full, since I make *batches* of compost, I "poke" the pile from the top to the base with a steel rod every six inches to help it breathe. Two weeks later, I take half of the older pile and put it into the curing pile with half going into the new batch as the compost inoculant. Once the material in the curing pile is dark and crumbly, I screen it and use the oversize material as a bulking material. Occasionally I add wood chips to help keep the pile loose. I never turn the pile, but splitting it in half to make old and new is a kind of turning. The piles are always sweet smelling. Have fun! Mr Compost~~~ -- * May 23rd - Please let me know if you did not receive this.
Don asks, D>I would have to agree with the low yield from table scraps, vegetable peelings, coffee/tea wastes. I must have missed the first part of the post. Are you talking about low volume (total amount of compost) or the low nitrogen value of compost in general, or compost from these ingredients? Let me try to answer all three questions. The volume of finished compost is typically 1/3 of the original volume, more if there is free air space in the original mass. Brush shreds down to about one tenth the original mass, for example. Mass reduction is another matter. Net dry weight loss is typically one third. This is actual nitrogen and carbon conversion to ammonia, heat, and CO2. Most weight loss is from moisture reduction from 80% moisture original matter such as wet grass clippings or fresh garden scraps down to 40% moisture compost. As far as fertilizer values, I have yet to make a true compost that is over 2% nitrogen. Sure, I can have unstable compost which is higher, but a cured compost will not be over 2% due to the inherent biological restraints of the carbon to nitrogen equation which is essential for proper decomposition. Higher carbon ratios will result in lower net nitrogen values. Higher nitrogen in the original feedstock will result in the release of air borne ammonia and other nitrogen compounds and water borne nitrates and nitrites. Compost N values are stable so the can automatically be doubled when compared to chemical nitrogen values, of which 50% or more is lost in the first 24 hours of application. Compost N values also have an accumulated fertility quotient, of which 60% is available the first year, 20% the second, 10% the third, 5% the fourth, and so forth. Chemical N has no accumulated value. As far as the low volume of incoming table scraps as compared to the net demand of they typical yard, I can state with certainty that even if you bag and compost all of your yard trimmings, leaves, and table scraps, your organic matter demand for the yard is still greater. I recommend 1/4" of compost as a top dressing PLUS letting the clippings lie in order to keep a lawn organically sustainable. If you are trying to increase the lawn's humus content, that requires an additional 1/4 inch to make the soil richer. One quarter inch of compost is one cubic yard spread over 1232 square feet. The typical lawn at 3,500 square feet requires three cubic yards to be sustainable (with letting the clippings lie) and twice that amount to build the soil up, usually applied as a top dressing in the spring and fall. If a person was improving the soil *before* the sod goes in, then 32 cubic yards spread 3" deep would be called for. You can see why I believe that it is important to support municipal composting, as the single homestead is hardly capable of generating sufficient compost to keep up. As far as recommending good small composters, I recommend any of the small, plastic, enclosed bins such as the Earth Machine or Green Genie. I recommend round ones over square ones as square bins have cool corners. Table scrap bins should be covered to inhibit rodents and should not have too many openings on the side. I do not recommend open air designs for passive, table scrap bins as they let in too much air, dry out, and let in vermin. Pay no attention to the supposed door underneath to take compost out. They are hard to use and compost does not "flow" so well. Use instead bins which act like "jello molds" which can be lifted off when full and the composting process started new in a different spot. The old pile keeps its shape and will cure just fine in the open air. Remember to use some old compost mixed in with the fresh table scraps. This inoculates it with active bacterial cultures and helps cover it from flies and vermin. For the best home composter, I recommend indoor redworm boxes. Check out Mary Appelhof's book "Worms Eat My Garbage" for tips for the budding vermiculturist. Mr Compost~~~ * April 9th - Man, that lightning sounds clo#A#v!&^#v?##vNO CARRIER
Heather writes: HB>My husband and I have been composting for over a year in a bin made from pallets (it is a cube about 3-4 feet on a side). We want to compost mainly so we don't have to throw away our vegetable scraps. For table scraps and vegetables, I recommend smaller enclosed bins. Large open air bins such as you describe are best suited for batch, not continuous flow composting. Your type of bin dries out too quickly, is hard to inoculate with old compost, has corners that stay cool, and is generally unwieldy for small amounts of matter. We generate about a large stock pot worth of vegetable >scraps a week or maybe a little more. We want to be able to add the vegetable scraps to the heap without much trouble, but we have had trouble with a bad smell and flies unless we cover the vegetables completely with dirt (even leaves didn't work). Your loading rate exceeds the microbial capability to decompose the material. You need to begin active composting or throw the scraps into the landfill. Flies are a sign that something is wrong. Passive composting for the loading rate (amount of stinky stuff) you have just doesn't cut it. This is a lot of >trouble - either we have to add a lot of dirt or we have to dig around in the semi-composted mass to try to get the vegetables all covered up. Surely there is an easier way. There is no "easy way" to compost putrescible matter. Think of an "easy way" to bake bread. The easy way is to send the material to a centralized composting site where they practice active composting. Then purchase the finished compost from them. Like you buy bread from a baker. I have seen a lot of >information on composting but I haven't found a solution to our dilemma. I would appreciate any advice. Check out my previous notes on active composting. It really isn't all that difficult once you get the hang of it. I don't turn my piles once they are properly made, mixed, and situated to self-aerate from the base. I let redworms do the curing. Mr Compost~~~ * May 22nd - Composters have heaps of fun.
Subject: Mold in Compost Connie writes: CC>I have a considerable amount of powdery white mold or mildew >in my compost pile: not just on the surface, but layered dwon >quite a ways. Does that mean the pile is too wet, dry, lacking in something or other? It is a sign that everything is going well. No worries! Mr Compost~~~ * May 22nd - Buy high, sell low, or something like that
David C writes regarding using grass clippings: DC>A more immediate concern is the use of commercial herbicides on lawns.Many of these herbicides will do extreme damage to garden plants.I no longer compost or mulch with grass clippings unless I am confident they are from herbicide-free lawns. Your concern about uncomposted grass clippings with herbicides has some merit, although most of the damage that over-the-counter lawn chemicals can do is past within a few days after spraying. But as far as concern about using grass clippings in the compost pile, your concern has been shown by numerous tests to be unfounded. The composting process, even a passive pile, is, in and of itself, a *treatment* for most common herbicides. By the time the compost is dark and crumbly, the herbicides are not only not a problem, they are virtually undetectable. This is not true, however, for agricultural herbicides, some pesticides, and many commercial chemicals used for spraying trees, especially fungicides. But most of these chemicals are not going to be uptaken by plants, or incorporated into the plant itself. Few organic certification processes regulate the source of the organic matter for composting unless there is a clear pathway of ingestion of chemicals into the food chain. If you start restricting materials for composting because they were produced outside of organic methods, your available feedstocks will become fewer and fewer. I believe that the benefits of organic matter in the soil far outweigh any real or presumed biohazard from residential residual biocides in municipal yard trimmings. If you want *real* environmental concerns to address, try arsenic in treated lumber, salts from road de-icing, motor oil >from crankcases, household batteries in solid waste, lead in wine bottle wrappers, mercury in electric shoes, runoff of lawn fertilizers, nitrates in drinking water, rural burn barrels, on-site dumping, unlined landfills, agricultural nutrient runoff, incinerator emissions, and 1001 other documented environmental concerns. I get tired of people bashing compost and sewage sludges over perceptual biohazards such as lawn chemicals in grass clippings and inks in newsprint. It is difficult enough to permit and operate composting facilities when people we environmentally concerned composters would think would be our allies, the organic gardeners, turn out to be some of our biggest opponents. -- * June 21st - The Universe is over. We can all go home now.
Subject: cold composting Mike writes: MN>Hi: Being aware of your wisdom from following your posts to rec.gardens, I imagine you might be able to provide me with some help regarding info on `cold composting'. Well, my propaganda proceeds me or my paid supporters need a raise. But thanks for the kind words anyway. (g) I saw and pursued a reference to a recent Audubon >Magazine article on an interesting gentleman who got his county in an >uproar by bringing in huge amounts of wood waste to his land. He carried >out what was referred to as `cold composting' to speed the breakdown of >the woody material (without any shredding or grinding) by fungal action. >Besides keeping the material moist, are there other tricks? My understanding of the story was that the amounts were not quite so "huge", like great tire stockpiles ready to be hit by lightning, but were fairly normative mulch layers. The "huge" terminology might really more aptly be called "out of the ordinary". Huge, to me, implies thirty foot high stockpiles such as one might find at a sawmill. Even then, people are hardly in an uproar over these "huge" piles. The concern it seems, is the fact that the material is deemed to be "waste" and therefore subject to the NIMBY or NIMTOF (not in my term of office) syndromes. > My personal interest in this is not so grand as this character's; >I've just got whole lot of branch wood and prunings that I am slowly >making a dent in with a 7 hp Mac chipper/shredder. I mean a whole lot- >a pile 40 feet long by 12 feet wide by 5 feet tall. It's daunting to park >the chipper next to it and wonder how many hundreds of hours it will take >to reduce it all to mulch. Ah yes Grasshopper, Master Po said to Quai Chang Kane, when this stockpile of brush is reduced to humus, then it is time for you to leave. The first point is that nature does not compost; nature mulches. We do not see piles of organic matter in nature, aside from a few notable exceptions of mound building reptiles, nesting birds, rhinos in dung etc. Nature deposits organic matter down in thin layers where it is "cold" composted, if ambient temperatures can be called "cold". Years ago, it was called "sheet" composting, but one rarely sees such a term anymore. But the fact of the matter is that it is the mesophiles, organisms which function from 40F to 120F that are the true decomposers. The thermophiles, those operating over 120F up to the pasteurization temperature of 147F, are lazy sons of guns who thrive on the heat of their cooler brothers, but do little to aid the decomposition process themselves. When a carbon compound is broken biologically, one mole of CO2 and one mole of heat is released. In layers, this heat is dissipated through convection. In piles, this heat is retained due to the self-insulating properties of the composting mass. It seems that the best temperatures for decomposing carbon, which wood mulch represents, are in the 110F-120F range. Much of this carbon is bound by cellulose which is highly resistant to decay. The best means of attacking cellulose, aside from hiring termites, is to enlist the aid of fungi. This is what termites actually do in their gut, and is what the gentleman referenced in the Audubon report is also doing. I would suggest adding around 10% old compost to the wood mulch to assist the inoculation process so that the decomposition can proceed in earnest. Keeping it moist as you note is also essential. The real question is whether or not the organic matter is being processed for a beneficial use or if it is being "disposed on land". If the person is simply stockpiling in order to garner "waste tipping fees" with no plan for the ultimate beneficial use of the mulch or resultant decomposed organic matter, then I would challenge the plan, just as I would stockpiling tires. The greater crime is sending organic matter to the landfill where it serves no beneficial use at all. Even worse, it decomposes into explosive methane, merges with toxic leachate, shrinks the landfill causing cracking in the clay cap, and benefits no soils at all. So even a farmer making an extra buck spreading wood mulch is better than the landfill alternative. Mr Compost~~~ Jim~ McNelly Granite Connection 612-259-0801 [email protected] -- * June 22nd - The dinosaurs quit while they were ahead. ------------------============<>=============---------------- Granite City Connection (612) 259-0801 Email: [email protected] (Jim Mcnelly) ------------------============<>=============-----------------
From [email protected] Tue Nov 29 19:38:26 EST 1994 Article: 48605 of rec.gardens Newsgroups: rec.gardens Path: bigblue.oit.unc.edu!concert!gatech!howland.reston.ans.net!news.sprintlink.net!EU.net!uunet!hearst.acc.Virginia.EDU!murdoch!fermi.clas.Virginia.EDU!mem7c From: [email protected] (Michael E. Matthews) Subject: Using Compost FAQ (long) Message-ID: Sender: [email protected] Organization: uva Date: Mon, 28 Nov 1994 21:23:08 GMT Lines: 516
The following is a collection of composting advice from Jim McNelly, aka Mr. Compost. Long-time readers of rec. gardens will know him well. It is a compilation of some of his replies to various questions from this group. It contains the essentials of composting. If anyone has other of his posts saved, I would sure like to recieve them. Michael Matthews in central VA
*************************** Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: Composting 101 From: [email protected] (Jim Mcnelly) Organization: Granite City Connection St. Cloud MN 612-654-8372 Denys is about to buy soil instead of compost :-( DC>I am planning on hiring a landscaper to install lawn on my 5,600 sq foot yard. The thickness of the loam makes significant difference in cost. Some landscaper told me I need 6 inches' loam, while another said I only need 3. Someone even said the quality of lawn has little to do with the thickness of the loam. I am really confused. How do you think ? For the beginning lawn or garden, there is no substitute for tilling in 3" of compost 9" deep. I have been in the organic fertilizer business since 1975 and have helped thousands of yards. They all have lusher yards and lawns with a healthy soil system. Once the lawn is planted, it is very difficult to go back and add compost later. Most homes had the topsoil scraped off and sold, leaving subsoil with a token layer of black dirt. Most topsoil sold is low in organic matter and is worthless for soil building. A rich application of compost will pay for itself in a few years in water savings and increased property value. All else is secondary. If you have a lawn that you are starting to reclaim and don't want to start all over, then applying 1/2" of compost and reseeding in the spring for the next ten years is a way of building up the lawn gradually over time. Remember to leave the clippings to lie. Organic matter is the only way to build up a soil. Mr Compost~~~ Jim~ McNelly Granite Connection 612-259-0801 [email protected] -- * May 22nd - Nitrate: Lower than the day rate.
>>My girlfriend told me that the sticks and twigs poking out of the gound had been pulled in by worms.I laughed of course but last night we crouched down in the garden and sure enough worms were grabbing stuff and trying to pull it down their holes!>They were yanking on the dead tulip leaves, the cosmos and whatever they could get their mouths on! >>Why? Nightcrawlers, lumbricus terrestris, live in permanent burrows in the soil which they excavate from childhood. They can go as deep as sixteen feet and typically have around seven openings on the surface. When it is moist, dark, and cool, they rise to the surface, keeping their tail in the burrow, and forage for scraps of organic matter. This material they tow back into the burrow where it is stored in "root cellars" for eating at a later date. The mass of organic scraps in the underground chambers are tended carefully as the worm excretes enzyme rich "coleomic fluids" that cause the matter to be digested over time. This is why worms are called "exodigestive" organisms as contrasted with mammals that are "endodigestive". When the mass of organics is properly composted, full of protozoa and other earthworm delicacies, the worm finally eats it. As such, earthworms do not "eat" soil except to excavate. Nor do they "eat" organic matter, unless it has been fully decomposed in their underground chambers. Without a burrow network, the nightcrawler has no habitat or a means to prepare their food. This is why I do not recommend adding soil worms to compost piles, as they must have a burrow network underneath in order to be of any use. Redworms, or manure worms can be added to compost piles past the cooking phase. They do not have permanent burrows and must eat with other worms en masse~, relying on their fellows to pre-digest for them just as they pre-digest for others. Redworms fare poorly in mineral soils just as nightcrawlers fare poorly in compost piles. The best way to increase worm populations is to add mulch! The worms will mix it with the soil and effect its decomposition. A healthy virgin prairie or deciduous forest soil may have up to 1,000 pounds of worms per acre, compared with about 5 pounds of all other large animals combined. Depleted soils that are overmuch tilled and eroded may have fewer than 100 worms per acre. So be glad your worms are eating, for soon there will be young worms hoping for more food to be found on the surface. In my estimation, all successful gardening and farming can be be narrowed down to one key concept...... Feed Earthworms! Mr Compost~~~ -- * June 13th - Old musicians never die, they just decompose.
Forrest, It is the lousy clay soil that killed your grass to begin with. Tilling in the old sod is a noble organic gesture, but will not solve your fundamental problem, which is the lack of organic matter in the soil. You need to till in 3" of compost 9" deep before replanting. All else is treating the symptoms, not the cause. My first organic soil business was in the Denver area and I prepared hundreds of lawns this way. I will guarantee, that even after over ten years have passed, that these lawns are still green, lush, and drought resistant. You could see the difference the very first year when they watered less and still the grass stayed green during the summer. Face it. Your topsoil was stolen by the contractor. The topsoil that was there was poor to begin with anyway. Build a new soil from scratch. Call E&A fertilizer, Arts, Colorado Mushroom, or A1 Compost out of Greely. There are plenty of organic sales companies in your area. Don't get talked into the "sheep and peat" mix. Go for the pure compost. Mr Compost~~~ * April 9th - Recycle! Today's Garbage is tomorrow's America.
Subject: Re: Soil denseness ---------------------------------------S. responds further>>> SM>Thanks for your advice! SM> I hope your yard can withstand the raising of the soil level, which will be a net of around three inches when all is said and done. SM>Well, that _is_ problematic, actually. The soil level has already risen over the years to the point that it is roughly even with the basement window sills.... And of course it is not a good idea to dig this out, because you want the land to slope away from the foundation. In the years when I was an organic landscaper, I was amazed at the number of homes that had poor drainage! The lousy grading plans of instant housing builders is criminal in my opinion. I think that a builder should be liable for lousy drainage for at least twenty years. They should also be required to post a bond for remediating lousy drainage. Homes should be built on elevated platforms and water should not drain through the neighbor's yard. One friend of mine has a garage floor that is at the same elevation as the curb. There is no drainage whatsoever and his basement floods every time it rains. I had to install a gravel sump and french drain to help solve his problem. SM> Just spread the soil/leaf mix over the entire area to be amended and water thoroughly. SM>No forking at all? That's right. Let the worms do the work of mixing. SM> It is important to keep it *very moist* thereafter, SM>Yes, I plan to put in some sort of irrigation system. What do you recommend? Rubber soaker hose? Tyvek soaker hose? Drip irrigation? Regular surface irrigation that waters evenly from the top, not a sub or drip system. Your goal is to water the soil, not just the plants. SM> ..It will take over a year, but the worms will eventually increase in population proportional to the new food level.... SM>Is it worthwhile to buy worms? If so, what kind and from where? No. Native soil worms like nightcrawlers live in permanent burrows which they excavate from youth. They live in these burrows all their lives, if they leave such as after a severe downpour, they are homeless and usually die. It is too difficult for an adult worm to excavate a new burrow network once they have left. Although the thick mulch layer can give them a transition zone to live in while they excavate a new tunnel network, adding worms is largely a waste of money. I assume that you already have a native worm population. As such, they will immediately begin reproducing to catch up with the increased food level. Let them multiply on their own. If you do add worms, you might add some redworms which are not native soil worms. They do not have permanent burrows and will live in the moist surface mulch layer. They compete for food with the nightcrawlers, however, which is the opposite of your goal. The redworms will not survive a solid freeze nor will they burrow or live in a mineral soil. Mr Compost~~~ Jim~ McNelly Granite Connection 612-259-0801 [email protected] -- * June 5th - Start your own revelation and cut out the middle man
Subject: Soil denseness Donald bemoans the eternal clay: DLH>My garden soil is dense clay (apparently) and I can't get it to loosen up. I have put composted stuff in to try to break it up, but it doesn't work. DLH>Does anyone have any suggestions? Sure Donald, It took nature 500 years to make one inch of topsoil. Even adding 3" of compost and tilling it in 9" deep is only the start of creating an organic soil that is a suitable habitat to soil organisms. If you really want to get the soil enriched, hire a backhoe and dig out eighteen inches. Mix 1 part compost, well aged and fully decomposed as that is the most concentrated, with two or three parts old soil. Replace and you have an instant soil. At roughly 6" of compost, that equates to around one cubic yard per 54 square feet. I would bet that your compost application, if it was even compost, was fairly light and you are giving up too easily. Mr Compost~~~ Jim~ McNelly Granite Connection 612-259-0801 [email protected] -- * June 1st - Composters have heaps of fun. Marc asks an excellent question: MR>I am confused about peat moss not being a good source of plant food. >It is dead vegetation so why no food value? Why is it not the same as composted vegetation? Hi Marc, It is not so much that peat has *no* food value, just that it has very lttle. The nitrogen level in compost, for example ranges from .8% up to 2%. Uncomposted manures and other high N products can N levels around 1% for horse manure through 3% for dairy manure up to 8% for human manure. The N level in peat moss is typically below .1%, less than 1/20th of a well made compost. The P and K values are not so much lower than compost, but these minerals are typically low in organic sources from plants anyway. Peat is accumulated from a single source moss, typically sphagnum, reed-sedge, or hypnum which are mostly fiber, low in nutrients. Depending on where and how it was mined, it may have mineral contents from 80% (mostly soil) to 10% (true moss). It takes thousands of years for peat to accumulate and when the mosses die, they fall into the soil to decompose very slowly. Since mosses grow in wetlands, the decomposition is anaerobic, and anaerobes are notoriously poor at attacking carbon like the aerobes are. What little N is there is used within a few decades to support the meager anaerobe population, after which time the moss just sits there, concentrating. When humans come in and mine the peat, the degree of mineralization is dependent on where in the bog, which can often be up to 40 feet deep, the peat was removed. The top few feet is mostly living moss, the next layer is the peat we are used to purchasing, and the lower layers are more of a texture-less muck, high in mineral content, not unlike a black topsoil. Of course sphagnum behaves differently from the other mosses and each bog is unique. When the peat is mined, it is then used in various soil mixes or as a landscaping amendment. It is then exposed to N from the other soil it is blended with and the aerobic decomposition process begins. This actually starts the peat to compost in a manner of speaking, although it is actually a poor source of carbon for composting since it is in a physical structure that is resistant to microbial attack due to the cell structure of the moss. As an organic matter substrate for soil amending, particularly for helping a soil drain or hold water, it is equal to compost or manures, perhaps better in some respects. As a food source for a healthy soil ecosystem, it is rather inert and low in value. Compost is a true bacteria food and immediately stimulates active beneficial soil cultures which in turn produce pheromes and other beneficial byproducts not measured by NPK or humus analysis. I treat peat like an organic mineral, an inert buffer with low value other than its physical structure. As an environmentalist, I oppose the wanton mining of wetlands and the indifference of highway designers and farmers in draining peatlands. Over 90% of the reed-sedge peat resources in the 48 states are lost or severely damaged, particularly in the mountain states. Most uses of peat would be better served by recycled products such as bark and compost. I only use peat for certain planter mixes when I can find no substitute. MR>I read that it will slowly disappear in the soil over time. What happens to it? Does it make the soil more acid? Peat, like all organic matter, oxidizes in the soil over time leaving various humus compounds. The chemistry is basically one mole of CO2 and one mole of heat is produced by bacterial action (composting) or chemical oxidation. Its acidification properties depend on the source and initial pH level of the peat. Some sphagnum peat is in the high 4 range, some sedges are neutral or even alkaline. There is no way to know the acid properties of a particular peat without a pH test. The acidification effect is also lost over time, depending on the ambient pH level and other soil conditions. MR>Gardening books are not clear on this. They are not clear on most issues related to the use of organic matter in any of its forms. They tend to be chemically focused with the notion that all soil is inert media, a necessary evil, which is used to hold roots in order to feed the plant with chemicals. Hydroponic gardening with rock wool and chemical solutions is the ultimate example of this narrow view of the humusphere and its relationship with plant growth. The carbon respiration cycle is rarely taught in schools, whereas the cycle of H2O from surface water to clouds is universally taught. The carbon cycle goes from atmospheric CO2 to plants to humus and back to CO2. Hope this helps. Mr Compost~~~ * May 8th - Let's see what this one does... &%$/()"@# NO CARRIER
The question came up: E I bought some Milorganite to put on my lawn (6-2-0). Somewhere in the past I have read that milorganite contains traces of heavy metals. Is there any truth to this? To which Eric replied: >On the bag (lower back-right corner, I think) it says that it should not be used for consumption as it may contain heavy metals. To which the mysterious Mr Compost~~~ chimes in: Not all sludges are created equal, and what might be true for one wastewater treatment facility might not be true for another. But as far as Milorganite goes, my understanding is that years ago, Milwaukee let their industrial sewers blend with their residential, and there were occasional moderate levels of cadmium and other heavy metals of concern. Milwaukee modified their entire sewerage system during the past ten years and now produces Milorganite from a relatively clean source. This upgrade cost tens of millions of dollars and was designed to ensure a consistent, and safe sludge based product for residential use. As far as heavy metals go, they are found everywhere in various concentrations. They are in leaves, background soil, peat, manures and the food we eat. The number one source of heavy metal contamination in the environment is cigarette smoking, which contains high levels of cadmium. Another source is lead >from outlawed lead based solder in copper pipes. Still another is zinc from multivitamins. The question about heavy metals is based on the parts per million (concentration) and the pounds per acre (accumulation). These two limiting factors are determined by detecting, according to the EPA rules governing the beneficial use of sewage sludge, the "most affected individual". This might mean a child eating pounds of the sludge and taking in lead, or it might mean a farmer whose crop is inhibited by a zinc/iron imbalance. Or it might mean a two pack a day smoker who eats twenty pounds of lettuce from their sludge amended garden. These concentrations and extreme cases are the basis for determining "safe" levels in the soil as far as plant growth, pollution, and human health are concerned. I can state without reservation that the current levels of heavy metals in Milorganite are nothing to be concerned with, even if you use the product every year for hundreds of years. I would use the product (if it were not so expensive) in my garden without a second thought. The notices about heavy metals and the restrictions posted are for liability protection to the sewerage district and are posted by lawyers, not scientists. They are designed to encourage the use of the product in lawns, which is where the retail money is anyway.
Mr Compost~~~ * April 9th - Coincide. What you are supposed to do when it rains. Darin McGrew comments: M>For those of you who grow your own seedlings in soil blocks, what soil mixture do you use? When we bought our soil blocker, we also bought a soil block mix from the same company (so we could start using soil blocks quickly). However, now I'd like to mix my own soil block mix,and I'm curious what works best for others. M>The mix that we purchased was made of refined perlite, reed sedge peat, sharp sand, dolomitic lime, and beneficial bacteria. I don't prefer reed sedge peat. For one, it is strip mined out of fragile wetlands and varies widely in quality. Sphagnum is mined in a more renewable manner from vast expanses of bogs in Canada. Hypnumn peat is my favorite, but it is hard to find. Sharp sand is a misnomer, usually referring to #8 masonry sand. Occasionally it means true silica sand, which costs up to ten times more. I add limestone, usually as 38% CACO3 only after an accurate pH test and then according to clear formulas to increase the pH up to the desired level. I shoot for 6.5 pH in my potting mixes. Beneficial bacteria? I hope they aren't talking about packaged "inoculants". They don't hurt, but I am not convinced they help, either. To me, "add bacteria" means add a well made compost. M>Here are some recipes that I've seen in books: M> 1 part peat moss > 1 part compost, leaf mold, soil, commercial potting soil > 1 part sharp sand, vermiculite, perlite M> 1 part compost, leaf mold > 1 part sharp sand, vermiculite, perlite M> 1 part compost, leaf mold > 1 part commercial potting soil > 1 part sharp sand, vermiculite, perlite M> 1 part compost, leaf mold > 1 part commercial potting soil M> 1 part compost, leaf mold > 2 parts commercial potting soil > 1 part composted manure M>At this point, I'm leaning towards equal parts of peat moss, compost, and vermiculite, but I haven't tried it yet. What works for you? I *love* using leaf mould (I prefer the British spelling), and *never* use any of the commercial potting soils, unless I know *exactly* what is in it. As a mixer and packager of potting soils for twenty years, I have been to many of these "commercial" facilities and some of them throw in whatever they happen to have available at the moment. If you like what goes into hot dogs and non dairy creamer, you will *love* some of these so called potting soils. In *any* planter mix, there is no substitute for at least 20% earthworm castings, but not more than 33%. Not only to the worms fully cure the compost, helping to prevent damping off and root rot, they add growth hormones that are guaranteed to help the plant grow like crazy, 20% to 200% over conventional compost. Here is my secret universal soil mix formula. 5 parts hypnum peat 2 parts decomposed bark (pine or hardwood usually) 4 parts worm castings 1 part sand either silica or #8 masonry 2 parts coarse compost (preferably leaf mould; mushroom is ok) 2 parts funny white things (usually vermiculite) CACO3 only as needed Add a dusting of diatomite & seaweed to taste for micronutrients. Screen at 1/2" Mr Compost~~~ Jim~ McNelly ReSourceNet and GardenNet 612-654-8372, 656-0678 v.32bis [email protected] -- * April 9th - Please let me know if you did not receive this.
¤Ö.6..³çarchives Q,.cap¤×INDEX X¬richters `[pictures¸lprograms_ìfaqs Marco_BleekerpHowie_Brounstein+Fragrant_Garden˜database7– neat_stuff¥README¤ØÀallfiles.txt¨ readme.txt----Newsgroups: rec.gardens,alt.folklore.herbs,rec.food.preserving Subject: Culinary herb FAQ (v.1.00) Part 1/2 Organization: ... ei meill' oo... Followup-To: rec.gardens Reply-To: [email protected] Expires: Thu, 31 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT Summary: What you have always wanted to know (and ask on a newsgroup) about culinary herbs
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Archive-name: culinary-herbs/part1 SunSITE-archive-name: culinary-herbs.faq.part1.v1.00 Posting-Frequency: has yet to be decided Last-modified: 1995/07/28 Version: 1.00 A culinary herb FAQ / Resource list for the rec.gardens newsgroup. Should be available by ftp or www shortly. ;) I'll post the where-to-go-get-it -thingy later. Keeper: Henriette Kress ([email protected]) Very active contributors so far: How do you get listed here? Easy. Give me some good input on any missing item ('wishlist'), or a valuable correction on any entry, or a valuable addition on any entry. ;) All good stuff is welcome. Gwen Baker Judith Rogow Karen Fletcher Michael Rooney Leslie Basel Others: Amy Smith Amy Snell Bess Haile Carole Henson Dan Baldwin David & Paula Oliver Diana Politika Donna Beach [email protected] Elizabeth Platt James Michael Kocher Jason Wade Rupe Jeffrey Clayton (Barb.) Jennifer Norris [email protected] [email protected] Josh Bogin Kathy French Kaycee Curr Kenneth Nilsson [email protected] Leslie Paul Davies Libby Goldstein Mandy Haggith Mark David Morrison Mel Atchley Michelle Marie Manke Mike Stallcup Nancy Moote Peter Mortimer [email protected] Rick Giese Rita Melnick Robert G. Nold Rudy Taraschi Sarah G. Sheri McRae [email protected] sonny hays-eberts Steve Cogorno Susan D. Hill Susan Hattie Steinsapir Susan Nielsen / Suzanne M. Engels Tom Havey [email protected] wayne chase Wendi L Gardner ========== CONTENTS 1 Introduction 1.1 Wishlist 2 Herbs: gardening / harvesting / using them 2.x This is the structure of the herb entries: 2.x.1 Growing ___ 2 x 2 Harvesting ___ 2.x.3 Using / preserving ___ 2.x.4 Which ___ do you have? And these are the herbs so far: 2.1 Basil - including pesto recipes... 2.2 Curry plant / Curry leaf 2.3 Sage 2.4 Chives 2.5 Saffron 2.6 Zucchini flowers 2.7 Chamomile 2.8 Coriander/Cilantro 2.9 The mints 2.10 Feverfew 2.11 Tarragon 2.12 Nasturtiums 2.13 Dill 2.14 Rosemary 2.15 Lavender 2.16 Lemon balm 2.17 Garlic 2.18 Thyme 3 Gardening 3.1 Herbs for ground cover (Nothing yet) 3.2 Herbs you can't get rid of (= easy gardening) (Nothing yet) 3.3 Tall herbs (Nothing yet) 3.4 Herbs for shade 4 Processing herbs 4.1 Herb vinegars 4.2 Herb oil 4.3 Drying your herbs 4.4 Freezing your herbs - including pesto... 4.5 Fresh or dry? (Nothing yet) 4.6 Jelly, syrup and other sweet stuff 4.6.1 Flower / herb jelly 4.6.2 Syrup 4.7 Potpourris and other uses for dried herbs / flowers 4.7.1 Stovetop potpourri 4.7.2 Dry potpourri 4.7.3 Drying flowers whole for potpourri 4.8 Alcoholic beverages 4.8.1 Wine 5 Sites to see 5.1 FTP sites (Nothing yet) 5.2 WWW pages (Nothing yet) ========== 1 Introduction ----Hi all, here's the new culinary/gardening herbfaq, with nothing much taken from the previous herbfaq (by Judith Ann Reed, latest update 10/14/93...) except perhaps the herb gardening IDEAS... Now, everybody, just swamp me with suggestions, please, I'd like some feedback. (you can post to the newsgroup just as well... I do try to keep up on rec.gardens, too). [email protected] ========== 1.1 Wishlist ----Ever seen a FAQ without one? Here's what's missing: Single herbs 2.1.4 Different kinds of basil 2.2.1 Growing curry plant / curry leaf 2.2.2 Harvesting curry plant / curry leaf 2.2.3 Using / preserving curry plant / curry leaf 2.3.1 Growing sage 2.3.2 Harvesting sage 2.3.4 Which sage do you have? Needing a neat writeup on these. 2.4.1 Growing chives 2.4.2 Harvesting chives 2.4.3 Using / preserving chives, additions, please. 2.5.3 Using / preserving saffron 2.6.1 Growing zucchini flowers ;) 2.6.2 Harvesting zucchini flowers 2.6.4 either Which zucchini do you have ;) or a post stating there is only one true zucchini, or a post stating you can also use cucumber / melon / whatever flowers like you can zucchini. 2.7.1 Growing chamomile 2.7.2 Harvesting chamomile 2.7.3 More uses for chamomile needed 2.7.4 A full writeup on all the chamomiles there are, please 2.8.4 Which cilantro / coriander do you have? -just a post stating they are the same, or if you know more about them, then more 2.9.1 More on growing mints. 2.9.4 A full writeup on the different kinds of mint, including monarda / beebalm (or a hint to it) and others of like use. Of course also mentioning that pennyroyal isn't good for your health... 2.10.2 Harvesting feverfew 2.10.3 Using / preserving feverfew 2.10.4 Which kinds of feverfew are there? 2.11.1 More on growing tarragon 2.11.2 Harvesting tarragon 2.11.3 More uses / preserving tricks for tarragon - vinegar, anyone? 2.11.4 More on different tarragon substitutes 2.12.1 Growing nasturtium 2.12.2 Harvesting the stuff 2.12.3 - taken, partly - More uses - caper recipe, anyone? flowers? 2.12.4 And a writeup on the nasturtiums. 2.13.3 More uses for dill, please. 2.13.4 Need someone to write on different kinds of dill. 2.15 All you have ever wanted to write about lavender. 2.16 Lemon balm, all except how to make the tea. 2.17 Garlic please? 2.18 And some thyme. 2.xx Any other herb you wish to write extensively on Gardening: 3.1 Herbs for ground cover 3.2 Herbs you can't get rid of 3.3 Tall herbs 3.x anything else on herb gardening you might think of Processing herbs 4.5 Fresh or dry? 4.x Any other way to process herbs you might think of 5 - taken - And any good FTP or WWW sites End of wishlist. If you decide to add something tell me - I'll keep track of who promises to do what so we won't have doubles. ========== 2 Herbs: growing, harvesting, using/preserving, and checking which you've really got ----This is the main spot for information. Check this before posting yet another question on curry plant... on the other hand every time somebody asks for uses for mints some new ones pop up so keep asking for those. ;) ========== 2.1 Basil ===== 2.1.1 Growing basil ----From: [email protected] (engels s.m.): Basil loves the sun and hates the cold & wind. If it drops below 50 degrees at night, the leaves will yellow. When it warms up the new growth will be green. If it doesn't get enough sun and stays in damp soil too long, it will eventually die. The wind will bruise the leaves. So will rough handling. Again, the new growth will be fine. Very important to harden basil plants. Transplant shock may kill them. Set the pots outside for 3-5 days (watch the night temps) before transplanting. I use compost and occasionally organic fertilizer. Never had any bug problems. A few catepillars and rabbits, but there was plenty for everyone in my patch. From: [email protected] (Michael Rooney), in response to above: I believe it is better to not transplant basil, i.e., it is better to put seeds in the ground where you want it, when it is warm enough for them to grow. They will quickly outstrip the transplants however carefully they have been grown and hardened. Yes, they do tend not to attract many bugs which is a surprise given their good taste. From: Michael Rooney >Basil eaten to skeleton; more eaten each morning, no bugs evident: There is a caterpillar that seems often to like basil that lives under the surface of the earth during the day. Gently disturb the top quarter or half inch of dirt in a circle around the plant going out about four inches or so and look for a dark gray circle about half to three quarters of an inch in diameter that usually stays that way and sometimes opens up to get away (depending on how deep a sleep it is in I guess :-)). If you find it, squash it and hope. The only other predator I can see that would do what you have is a lot of slugs so you would likely see them anyway. They can be taken care of by all the standard beer, diatomaceous earth, etc. methods in addition to hand picking. There are few joys as great as finding one of those blasted caterpillars in the ground after they have been eating your food, let me tell you. From: [email protected] (Josh Bogin) >Basil drooping in the evening sun: Probably this is due to not enough water **and or possibly resulting from** not enough room for the plants. If the plants are root-bound it really will hardly matter how much you are watering them, since the pot would presumably be too small to hold much water, the plant would keep drying out, and also the roots probably get no nutrients. Give them some plant food, and think about finding them more room, if this is the problem. From: [email protected] (Carole Henson) I am addicted to basil, really love it, even the smell is wonderful. I have 10 basil plants in my greenhouse at the moment, and two in the kitchen for chucking into salad etc. You only need a couple of large handfuls of leaves for a jar of pesto, so a couple of plants would do it. If you sow a few seeds at 2 weekly intervals, you should have a constant supply. ----From: [email protected] (Rick Giese): >I have been growing basil from seed effortlessly here in central pennsylvania for years, but this year it simply didn't come up. It has been three weeks since I put the seed in, and the only factor I can identify is that it has been an extremely WET three weeks. Basil seeds will not germinate when they are constantly wet. I started mine in flats protected from the winter rains here on Maui. Once transplanted to the field, they did fine. ===== 2.1.2 Harvesting basil ----- on rec.gardens June 1995: From: [email protected] (engels s.m.): You can harvest basil leaves as soon as the plant has 3 sets of leaves. Keep the plants branches shorter than 4 sets of leaves and you will increase leaf production. Once it flowers, production drops. I've found the taste stronger befor flowering. From: Mark David Morrison Basil leaf harvesting: pick all that you think that you will need for the recipe that you are preparing. If you have a lot of basil and are freezing basil for winter then just pick the big leaves. I use a lot of basil and pick leaves from the plant almost daily. If they are small or big leaves does not matter... the plant is the hardiest beast in my gardens. I think it may be of alien origin. Pinching back basil: Always pinch off and use those tops. The leaves will really bush out on your basil when you do. ===== 2.1.3 Using / preserving basil ----- pesto recipes From: [email protected] (jnilsen) 1 cup fresh Basil leaves, tightly packed 2-3 cloves garlic 1/4 cup frshly grated Parmesan cheese 1/4 cup pine nuts 1/4 cup olive oil Process (or finely chop and mix) all but oil. Slowly add oil. Use. From: [email protected] (Donna Beach) I never really follow a recipe when I make pesto. I usually put 4-6 cloves of garlic in the food processor with 1/4 cup of olive oil and a couple of tablespoons of herb vinegar and then chop the garlic. Then I add at least 3-4 cups packed fresh sweet basil leaves and 3-4 tablespoons of ground almonds. Some people use ground pine nuts. And 1/4 cup or more of grated parmesan cheese (I like it fresh best). All this gets processed till the basil is chopped fine. I have seen this basic pest recipe to include one-to-several peeled tomatoes--which is a great way to use up an abundance of tomatoes from your garden. Later in the year when there's not as much sweet basil, you can put parsely into the mix. I have even seen a winter "pesto" made with fresh sage, but to me, it's not pesto without fresh sweet basil, with or without the tomatoes. ----> I would like to hear from others about alternatives for using pesto or fresh sweet basil. From: [email protected] (Wendi L Gardner) I grow lots of basil and make tons of pesto. what to do with all of that pesto? yes pasta, yes bread, but other fun things to do with pesto... (1) smash it into cream cheese (the ratio of pesto to cream cheese that I prefer is 1:3, but you can go more or less, obviously.) add garlic, some plumped (blanched) sun dried tomatoes, whatever else you fancy - yum! (2) toss pesto with white beans and vidalia onions, serve this concoction hot on a bed of fresh spinach. (3) mix pesto with vegetable broth, toss in whatever veggies you have in the fridge and some macaroni, (i like broccoli, carrots, cauliflower, and rotini for this) and you have soup. (4) find the juiciest beefsteak tomato you can...slice in half, slather with pesto, broil till bubbly. messy, but with a good quality tomato--- more than worth the mess! (5) fill mushroom caps with pesto plus a cheese (the pesto cream cheese mixture in #1 is good for this) sprinkle with bread crumbs and broil. From: [email protected] (Jason Wade Rupe) I bake it right into bread sometimes. I like a stir fry of basil and whatever with a basic simple sauce on rice. Try using it fresh as a pizza topping. From: [email protected] (Michelle Marie Manke) Make pizza with a layer of pesto on the crust, then mozarella cheese, then dotted with feta. Try using reduced-fat mozarella, and scattering black olives & fresh tomatoes on top! From: [email protected] (Sarah G.) Pesto and potatoes: On baked potatoes, swirled into mashed potatoes, mixed into homefried potatoes, used as a dipping sauce for french fries Make soup and swirl a spoonful into each bowl before serving. Blend the pesto with vinegar and oil, or your favorite vinaigrette, and use as salad dressing Make into soup... sautee some veggies, add broth and pesto, and simmer for pesto soup. Thin it and use as a marinade for tofu, potatoes and veggies, then grill. Use it for garlic bread filling (or is that what you meant?) Or you could use it to smear over homemade bread before it comes out of the oven as a glaze Sliced ripe tomatoes layered on a plate with pesto, and fresh waterpacked mozzerella. It's easy to make a dairy free pesto. Instead of using cheese, either use a mild flavored miso paste or SoyMage pretend grated cheese, which is completely vegan (no casein). I usually just leave the cheese out altogether, letting the flavor of the basil, garlic, olive oil and nuts show through. From: [email protected] (Steve Cogorno) Take GOOD quality tomatoes, preferably ones you've grown yourself :-) and slice them. Top with fresh mozzarella whole basil leaves. A little expensive because of the cheese, but it makes a very colorful and tasty appetizer! From: [email protected] (Jennifer Norris) I make a potato salad with it. Instead of the usual mayonaisse, I add pesto. Besides potatoes, I add fresh snap peas, green onions, and if I want to make it a really substantial meal, black beans. Gets rave revues.... ----- From: Kathy French If your basil plants aren't producing fast enough to give you a cup or two of leaves at a time, you can pinch off stems and keep them with the ends of the stems in clean water (change it every few days) at room temperature for several days. Freezing the leaves doesn't work so well, because it will make them mushy when they thaw, and it reduces their flavor as well. You can also preserve basil by washing it carefully, drying it thoroughly, packing it in good olive oil, and keeping it in the refrigerator. Then you can use the leaves plus oil to make pesto fresh when you want it by adding garlic, cheese, and pine nuts. I've tried this method and it works well, although the basil turns somewhat dark in the process. From: [email protected] (Michael Rooney) You can also make basil pesto and freeze it in cubes or patties and save it for the winter when you have nothing fresh to use. ========== 2.2 Curry plant (Helichrysum angustifolium) / Curry leaf (Murraya Koenigii) ===== 2.2.4 Which curry plant / curry leaf do you have? ----- on rec.gardens June 1995: From: [email protected] (Information Services) The "Curry Plant" is an herb, Helichrysum angustifolium, from the family Compositae. I believe it came from Africa or Australia, so it's tropical, and probably perennial; although in North Texas you may need to grow it as an annual or in a container (probably not frost-hardy). The name "curry plant" originated from this herb's pungent smell, which is reminiscent of some curries or curry powders; however it is not used in curry. I believe that it is widely cultivated in the U.K., and is used there mostly in salads, or mixed with cream-cheese. There actually is a plant that produces what is known as the "curry leaf", and which *is* used in the preparation of some curries (much the same way as bay leaf is used). The leaves of this plant, a woody tree from the Asian sub-continent called Murraya Koenigii, also have a strong curry-like smell, and can be purchased dried at most asian markets. The tree itself has only recently been cultivated commercially in this country, and is carried by only a very few nurseries. It is still considered an exotic, and commands a premium price. ========== 2.3 Sage ===== 2.3.3 Using / preserving sage ----> I have a very healthy sage plant in my garden but I don't know what to use the herb for, except of course for stuffing a chicken. From: [email protected] (engels s.m.): Stuff a few leaves into the cavity of a trout. Tie with string, baste with a little oil and grill. Use only 1 or 2 leaves per fish otherwise the sage will overpower the fish. Chop fine, lightly saute in olive oil with minced garlic. Add a little chopped parsley & toss with spaghetti or other pasta. Serve as a side dish to grilled chicken, fish or meat. Toss a few sage leaves with quartered onion and flattened garlics into clay pot chicken. From: Michael Rooney : We use sage for stuffing turkeys in addition to chickens, if you have turkeys in the UK. We also use it in foccacio... ...Sage pesto is another way to use large quantity of sage and it can be frozen to be used in the winter. You might use walnuts or pecans instead of the traditional pignoli nuts in pesto as sage is stronger than basil. It goes well with pork or chicken. You can also roast eggplant and sweet red pepper and food process them together with sage for a nice dip to be used with homemade french bread. From: [email protected] (Peter Mortimer): It also makes a great addition to just about any green salad, either tossed in as whole leaves or cut up in small pieces. From: [email protected] (RGyure): I discovered last summer that garden sage makes a beautiful and fragrant addition to fresh cut flower bouquets I bring in from the garden. I grow more than I can use in cooking (who uses that much sage?)-- and the pale green, white-frosted somewhat sparkly leaves make delightful foliage for cutting-- and are long-lasting. From: [email protected] (VShafer216): I recently tried a really good recipe that uses fried sage--it tastes great. Broil chicken thighs (marinate first). When done, fry several leaves of sage in butter; this takes less than a minute. Grate cheese on top of the chicken thighs. Spoon some of the hot butter over the chicken (this melts the cheese) and put one or two sage leaves on top of each piece of chicken. Fried sage tastes good even without the chicken. From: [email protected] (Judith Rogow) Dried and added to a fire at Thanksgiving or Christmas, it adds a nice Holiday scent to the house. From: Leslie Basel Sage jelly is just terrific with game, lamb, even a Christmas goose. The recipe is just the same as any other herb jelly (and it requires quite a bit of culinary sage). (jelly recipe 4.6.1 below). From: [email protected] (MelAtchley) Decorative: Leaves in wreaths and nosegays. Culinary: Flower in salads or infuse for a light balsamic tea. Leaves can be mixed with onion for poultry stuffing. Cook with rich, fatty meats such as pork, duck and sausage. Combine with other strong flavors: wrap around tender liver and saute in butter; blend into cheeses. Make sage vinegar and sage butter. Household: Dried leaves in linent to discourage insects. Medicinal: Leaves aids in digestion and is antiseptic, antifungal and contains estrogen. Helps to combat diarrhea. An infusion of sage leaves and a meal can help digestion. From: [email protected] (Dan Baldwin) I had sage mashed potatoes as a side dish at a five star restaurant last week--they were really good ! There were flecks of sage scattered all through the potatoes--Cant wait to try it myself. ----From: [email protected] (engels s.m.): Sage dries very nicely and looks pretty. Bundle 8-10 sprigs, tie, hang to dry and put a red bow on it at Xmas. Use as a decoration for wrapped gifts or give as an small culinary gift. ===== 2.3.4 Which sage do you have? ----There are a few other plants that are called Sage and that taste very bitter. If your sage is called Artemisia in latin forget the cooking part. If it is Salvia try a leave or two and if the taste is OK just go on and use it. ========== 2.4 Chives ===== 2.4.3 Using / preserving chives ----- From: [email protected] (Judith Rogow) Chive Vinegar When your chives (esp. garlic chives, yummmmmy) are in bloom take four or five of the prettiest stalks w/heads and put them in a clear jar, cover w/white vinegar, cover, and stand in a dark cupboard for about a week. You will have pinkish vinegar w/a heavenly flavour. DO, however, watch out that the stalks do not have ants! From: [email protected] (Michael Rooney) It is also possible to make chive pesto. From: [email protected] Pesto (Sorrel-Chive Herb Paste) 1 c Sorrel 4 tb Shallots; finely minced 4 tb Pine nuts; ground 3 tb Parsley; chopped 3 tb Chives; chopped Grated peel of 4 oranges 1/4 Onions, red; chopped 1 tb Mustard, dry 1 ts Salt 1 ts Pepper, black 1 pn Pepper, cayenne 3/4 c Oil. olive Wash the sorrel and dry it well, by hand or in a salad spinner. Chop the sorrel coarsely, and again squeeze away any liquid. Blend the sorrel, shallots, pine nuts, parsley, chives, orange peel and onion in a food processor or blender. (If using a blender, make sure these ingredients are already finely chopped.) Add dry mustard, salt, pepper and cayenne, and mix again. SLOWLY drizzle in the oil while the blade is moving. Transfer to tempered glass jars and store in refrigerator (for up to 8 to 10 weeks) or in the freezer for up to a year. NOTES: Sorrel's peak season is summer, although you can find hothouse sorrel year round in some stores. You may reduce the amount of orange peel by 1/4 or 1/2 if you'd like to emphasize the sorrel or other flavors. Walnuts or almonds may be substituted for the pine nuts. ========== 2.5 Saffron ===== 2.5.1 Growing saffron ----From: [email protected] (Robert G. Nold) Crocus sativus comes up and blooms without autmun rain in Denver, and grows throughout the winter here, too. Like all fall-blooming crocus (of which there are many species), they go dormant in summer. ===== 2.5.2 Harvesting saffron ----From: [email protected] (Kaycee Curr): ...it is the threads that you would collect and dry. There are three of them (the stigmas) per crocus flower. (Over a million crocus flowers produce a pound of saffron- phew!) From: [email protected] (Leslie Paul Davies): In planning your planting, estimate 6 mature plants will provide the stigmas for one small recipe. ===== 2.5.4 Which saffron do you have? ----From: [email protected] (wayne chase): I have recently heard of a substitute for saffron. Dried Marigolds. Just air dry well and grind to powder. Use twice the ammount of marigold as saffron to get same result. From: [email protected] (Rita Melnick): Saffron comes from crocus sativus, the saffron crocus. It is a fall blooming crocus. Each flower contains 3 red threads (stigma) that you pick, then dry, for culinary use. Be sure to get ONLY crocus sativus, not the other fall-blooming crocuses, as they are NOT edible. As for the marigolds, I'm not sure if the above advice applies to all varieties of marigolds, but I do know that it is true of the pot marigold, also known as calendula. It gives the yellow coloring of saffron, but not the saffron taste. Turmeric is also a yellowing substitute for saffron. But nothing else tastes like saffron! ========== 2.6 Zucchini flowers ===== 2.6.3 Using zucchini flowers ----- on rec.gardens June 1995: From: [email protected] Zucchini flowers battered and fried are far superior to anything else you can do with Zucchini. Mix water, flour, salt & pepper to a pancake consistancy. If you want a fluffier batter add baking powder. Deep fry and eat them while hot. Tastes like a hint of Zucchini with creamy texture and chees quality. 4 Zucchini plants is 3 too many :) ========== 2.7 Chamomile ===== 2.7.3 Using / preserving Chamomile ----From: [email protected] (Jeffrey Clayton) For tea, use the blossoms only. Harvest when they are in full bloom. From: [email protected] (Judith Rogow) Chamomile Tea - very strong - is a wonderful hair rinse for shine and a glint of sunlight. ========== 2.8 Coriander/Cilantro ===== 2.8.1 Growing coriander/cilantro ----- Help! Bolting cilantro! ; on rec.gardens June 1995: Does anyone know what conditions I should avoid to keep the cilantro from going to seed? From: ?: - If you plant the stuff really close together you'll probably get less bolting. From: [email protected] (Elizabeth Platt): - Don't let it get too hot--like lettuce, it's sensitive to heat. But, cilantro is an annual, so most pros advise planting several batches in succession, so that there's always some that isn't going to seed. By the way, if you've gotten far along enough to worry about it going to seed, congratulations. All my cilantro is devoured, pronto, by the slugs and snails as soon as the first tiny leaves appear. Tastiest seedlings in the garden.... From: [email protected] (Michael Rooney) To avoid bolting, the hotter the weather the more it should be in the shade. There are also varieties that are designed to produce leaves and some designed to produce seeds. ===== 2.8.2 Harvesting cilantro ----- on rec.gardens June 1995: OK, my cilantro bolted! Am I going to have to hand pick each of the little seeds to restock my coriander spice bottle or does someone have an easier way? From: [email protected] (sonny hays-eberts): take a brown paper bag, and place the seed 'umbrella' inside. shake heartily. repeat for each 'umbrella'. this method is useful to harvest some seed, and keep the rest for hopeful volunteer plants. for an even easier method, harvest the plant, then beat against the side of a clean trashcan. most seeds should fall to the bottom. you'll need to clean it a bit, but it's lot easier than hand picking. this methos of course, harvests *all* the seed, as opposed to number 1. From: [email protected] (Rudy Taraschi): The way I do it is to dry the entire plant, seeds and all. I then get a large paper shopping bag, hold the dried plant by the stem and thrash it around in the bag. Most of the seeds usually fall off if the plant is dry enough. From: [email protected] (Michael Rooney) Even better than a paper bag is the feet of panty hose that you or your SO has decided are too far gone to wear any more. They are great for putting over dill and cilantro stems to catch the seed. Just put the toe where the seed head is and a twist tie around the shin part where it is over the stem and you will catch almost every seed. ===== 2.8.3 Using / preserving cilantro/coriander ----From: [email protected] (Susan L. Nielsen) Not exactly on the matter of etymology, but as to the flavor of cilantro/coriander leaves, Julia Child has said, [pitch voice appropriately high in the head]: "I just can't stand it. It tastes like dirt." Other interpretations invoke soap. I find it quite fresh in flavor, and even take it straight off the plant in the garden. Of course, I nibble a lot of things as I dig, but cilantro is definitely one I enjoy. No accounting for taste. From: [email protected] (Nancy Moote) Cilantro goes to seed very quickly. You can eat the flowers, though. They taste like the leaves but lighter and sweeter. Or let them develop seed for baking, pickling, curries, and planting next year. They grow so fast that you can plant seeds now for more leaf cilantro later this summer. Next year maybe try planting a few seeds every 2 weeks for a continuous supply. ========== 2.9 The mints ===== 2.9.1 Growing mint ----From: [email protected] (SkiFast123) When you move spearmint, trust me and only transplant it into a container of some sort. You can bury the container if you want. Good containers to use are those big multi-gallon types that roses come in. Bury it right up to the rim. Otherwise, in a few yrs, you will have only one herb in your garden and that is mint because it is VERY invasive. ===== 2.9.3 Using / preserving mints ----Peppermint (Mentha x piperita): on rec.food.preserving and rec.food.cooking June 1995, a thread named 'I've got way too much peppermint...': From: [email protected] (Susan Hattie Steinsapir): Make a simple sugar syrup and add a whole lot of fresh mint to it. Use this when making granita or to sweeten sun tea. Lemonade made with the mint syrup would be nice, too. I like to make iced tea heavily minted. Steep a whole lot of mint with the tea bags. Or better yet, boil them with the tea water, then add the tea and steep. Discard the leaves. Make cold asian type noodle salads with finely chopped mint added. I use mint to line a bowl in which I'm serving fresh whole strawberries. Don't see why you couldn't use them to line a bowl in which a fruit salad will be served. Melon salad would be nice. Some middle eastern dishes call for lamb and mint. Ground lamb and finely chopped fresh mint (and a few other goodies) would make interesting meat balls. Use it in flower arrangements. I've put rosemary branches and mint leaves together when I wanted something but hadn't picked up any fresh flowers. Give it away to your friends! From: Leslie Basel : You also might want to preserve it in vodka or aquavit... From: Amy Snell : Boil a handfull of peppermint leaves in a pot of water, strain it, add sugar and serve over ice ... wonderful peppermint drink -- tastes a lot like candy canes, but very summery. Also good hot. Leftovers can be frozen in an ice cube tray and popped into iced tea to make it minty. From: [email protected] (Tom Havey): Pesto.....a bunch of peppermint leaves, some peppermint or walnut oil, a bit of sugar, all whipped up in a food processor. Dried, put in decorative jars for gifts, or mixed in some homemade potpourri stuff. Tea. Raviolis stuffed with peppermint, pepper and raisins and a bit of goat cheese (or cottage cheese) topped with a light and spicy curry sauce. From: Libby Goldstein Just add it to water or seltzer, crush it a bit and serve over ice. It's lovely. From: [email protected] (Judith Rogow) Mint planted at the kitchen door keeps ants away. ----Spicy Mint tea From: [email protected] 6 c Water 2 Cinnamon sticks 4 Clove, whole 4 Allspice, whole 2 c Mint leaves Bring the water, cinnamon, cloves and allspice to a boil. Boil for 1 minute. Stir in mint leaves. Remove from heat and steep for five minutes. strain into cups. From Taste of Home Magazine. ----- Orange Mint Vinegar From: [email protected] 1 sm Orange; peel; thin spiral - colored portion only 1/2 c Mint leaves; fresh Vinegar, white Remove peel (colored portion only) from 1 small orange in a thin spiral, and place in a sterilized pint jar. Lightly bruise 1/2 cup fresh mint leaves, add to jar. Heat apple cider or distilled white vinegar to just below the boiling point. Fill jar with vinegar, and cap tightly. Allow to stand 3 to 4 weeks. Strain vinegar, discarding peel and mint. Pour vinegar into a clean sterilized jar, adding a new sprig of fresh mint, if desired. Seal tightly. Use in dressing for tossed green salads with orange and grapefruit sections, or in marinades for chicken or lamb chops. ----Mint jelly From [email protected] (Sheri McRae): 4 lb. tart apples 3 cups strong mint water 2 cups white vinegar sugar To make the mint water, soak a large quantity of mint (about a pound) in 3 cups boiling water overnight. Next day, chop apples and place in a pan, and barely cover with water. Cover and simmer about an hour until apples are soft. Strain. Combine apple juice, mint water, and vinegar and strain again. Measure and place in a pan, adding cup for cup of sugar. Stir until the sugar dissolves. Bring to boiling and cook rapidly until the jelly will set. Bottle and seal. Mint Jelly is good with meats, especially lamb and is also good on toast, etc. I haven't tried this recipe but it came from a reliable preserving book which I have used and like. ========== 2.10 Feverfew ===== 2.10.1 Growing feverfew - it does not seem to repel bees. ----- on rec.gardens June 1995: >I bought a feverfew plant today with high hopes of introducing it to my herb garden. Now I have read (of course I couldn't research before making my purchase) that bees can't stand the smell of feverfew and won't come near a garden with feverfew in it! From: James Michael Kocher I watched with delight last evening as the bees visited the heavy blossoms of my foxglove, which are growing right next to feverfew. I have never noticed a lack of bees, and feverfew grows all over my garden. ========== 2.11 Tarragon ===== 2.11.1 Growing tarragon ----From: [email protected] (Rick Giese) ... can't grow tarragon in East Texas... Texas in summer is probably too hot for French Tarragon. You might experiment with a fall planting. French Tarragon is the preferred type for cooking, and will not grow from seed. ===== 2.11.3 Using / preserving tarragon ----From: [email protected] (Michael Rooney) Tarragon pesto with pecans is a pretty good way to save it. ===== 2.11.4 Which tarragon do you have? ----From: HeK Hetta.pp.fi There are 2 kinds of true tarragon: Artemisia dracunculus var.sativa (French tarragon) and Artemisia dracunculus var.inodora (Russian tarragon). The French tarragon cannot be grown from seed, it's taste is finer but it isn't frosthardy. The Russian tarragon can be grown from seed, it's taste isn't so good but it will survive outdoors in Finland. Then there are the Mexican mint marigold and things like that. Anyone know the latin names? ========== 2.12 Nasturtiums ===== 2.12.3 Using / preserving nasturtiums ---->...toss in a few nasturtium pods for false capers. So are these before the bloom -- the buds? Or after the bloom -- seed pods? Do you preserve them? From: [email protected] (gwen baker) Nasturtium leaf is wonderful in salad. Slightly bitter but refreshing. I don't think it preserves very well and should only be used fresh. If they get aphids - usually after midsummer in zone 5 - simply spray with a dilute soap. Any kind will work. Then rinse the leaves well before use. ========== 2.13 Dill ===== 2.13.1 Growing dill ----From: [email protected] (Kenneth Nilsson) Here in Sweden dill is the most common herb and there are always discussions on why it is so difficult to grow. It always (?) dies when about 3" high and the 'story' here has it that dill is very susceptible to a root fungus. - By the way, you say "transplanted" dill into your garden. Does that mean you sow it indoors and plant it out? - The only solution for ME has been to sow/spread out the seeds from the mature dill flowers in fall. I take some mature stalks of dill and walk around the garden shaking them and I have beautiful dill BUT all over the garden. They just won't grow where I want them to - in nice rows - THERE! It seems as if the seeds that end up in non-infected soil thrive whereas the others simply don't make it. If you don't find that untidy, it's worth a try. I guess you can spread the seeds in early spring too. From: [email protected] (Michael Rooney) First, there are many different dill. The best approach I have found is to find a dill that that survives the winter wherever you are. Then, it is one tuned to the environment and will grow better. It will also self seed, both where you want it :-) and where you don't :-( or :-) depending. It is perfectly acceptable to seed them very close together. It is also a good idea to succession plant dill if you want a continuous supply of it all growing season long. ===== 2.13.2 Harvesting dill ----From: [email protected] (Susan D. Hill): Dill can be harvested for leaves any time during the growing season. If you're growing for seeds, wait until the flowers die off and the seeds are set, then tie little socks around the seed heads. You can use nylon net, cheesecloth or even old stockings. Any fabric that is porous. Be sure to tie them on loosely so as not to damage the stem. Once the seeds are dry, just cut off the stalk and take it inside. From: [email protected] (Michael Rooney) To harvest, assuming they are planted very close together, cut the plants off at their base that are the biggest. Then, let the remaining plants, which will be more properly spaced, grow larger until they are crowding themselves and pick them. Then repeat the process until they are all properly spaced and then pick the fronds as quickly as they reach their size because they are preparing to go to seed by then. I pick every frond while the plants are going to seed and it does not seem to affect the seed production at all and I get more dill fronds that way :-). To harvest the seeds, take a pair of panty hose past the wearing stage and cut them off mid-thigh or mid-calf depending on your preference. Put the seed head, when it is still green, into the foot of the panty hose and the leg over the stem. Tie a twist tie around the panty hose on the stem and wait until the seeds are fully developed and quite dry. Then cut off the stem below the twist tie, bring it into the house or somewhere else out of the wind and put it over a big piece of paper. The seed will pretty much fall off the head as it is dry enough. Don't forget to shake the seed out of the panty hose leg too :-). ========== 2.13.3 Using / preserving dill ----From: [email protected] (Judith Rogow) I always cut some heads with ~almost~ mature seeds to add to my garlic dill half-sour jars. Adds extra flavour, and looks so pretty against one side of the jar. ========== 2.14 Rosemary ===== 2.14.1 Growing Rosemary ----From: [email protected] (Judith Rogow) This is an herb you can literally kill with kindness! Rosemary will die if you fertilize her, or water her too much, or plant her in too rich earth. Benign neglect will result in big healthy plants. There are two basic types of Rosemary, the trailing or protstrate type, and a bush type that will, in time, become large enought to be considered a shrub. These plants have been used in England in mazes, and in the USA as landscape plantings. Prostrate Rosemary is an excellent ground cover. Rosemary comes in various shades of blue-lavendar, and there is a pink version that is a magnet for bees (as is the blue). The leaves are like miniature pine needles, in a lovely blue-green colour. Rosmarinus, the herb's Latin name, means "sea spray", and the plant grows especially well near the ocean. ===== 2.14.2 Harvesting Rosemary ----From: [email protected] (Judith Rogow): I cut my rosemary back all summer and dry it hung in a closet. This perfumes my hanging clothing, and keeps it from sunburn. ===== 2.14.3 Using / Preserving Rosemary ----From: [email protected] (Judith Rogow): I use it for poultry stuffing, and as a tea to soothe stress. Also, the tea is a wonderful hair rinse for red heads and brunettes. I also use the tea in a bath when I ache all over from too much gardening. Rosemary may be dried by hanging sprigs in a warm place, then stripping the leaves and keeping them in a jar or plastic bag. Uses of this versitile herb include teas (infusions of the leaves) that make soothing tisanes, enhancing hair rinses, and lovely fragrant soaking baths. Leaves are used in cooking and for scented oils, the flowers are often added to a bride's headdress to insure fidelity. Rosemary is considered an excellent tonic for headaches, and stomaches. It is also a traditional memory sharpener. Shakespeare said in Hamlet . . . "There's Rosemary, that's for rememberance." Mourners in many countries drop sprays of Rosemary in the coffin of a loved one as a pledge not to forget the person. Rosemary recipes From: [email protected] (Judith Rogow) 1) A decoction for the bath Steep several handsfull of Rosemary (fresh or dried) in water for an hour at simmer. Cool and bottle. Add to bath for soothing and scent. 2) Rosemary Water 4 TBS Rosemary Flowers 1 Nutmeg, grated 2 TBS Cinnamon, grated 1 QT alcohol spirit (Vodka works well) Pour liquid over herbs in a clean jar - stand in warm dark place for two weeks. Strain through cheesecloth or paper coffee strainer. Use as you would witch hazel, to soothe aches. 3) Rosemary Wine 1 bottle of white wine 1 handfull fresh rosemary (or 2 TBS dried) 2 TBS dried Borage leaves Steep herbs in wine a week or more, strain as in #2. This is an excellent nerve tonic. 4) Insect repellant candle Crumble dried Sage and Rosemary leaves, mix with melted wax, form into candle (an easy way to do this if you don't have candle molds is to put a votive candle in a bowl, pour warm herb-wax in the bowl a bit at a time, and let harden) and use to keep bugs away. ========== 2.15 Lavender ----This one is on the wishlist. Would you like to contribute? ;) ========== 2.16 Lemon balm ===== 2.16.3 Using / Preserving Lemon balm ----From: [email protected], Northwind Farm Publications Someone asked about lemon balm tea: should it be used fresh or dried, etc. We are great lovers of lemon balm tea. We grow a patch of it, harvesting the leaves all summer for fresh tea. In the fall, we gather the crop and air-dry it for winter. The flavor is different depending on whether it is fresh or dried; I prefer the fresh, but dried is fine. Bruising the leaves before brewing the tea definitely intensifies the flavor. To prepare the tea, just steep the leaves in boiling water for a few minutes. Personal taste will determine the amount to use (don't skimp) and the brewing time. Try adding some of your other favorite tea ingredients for a little variety. Chamomile and hops make a soothing (maybe sedative or soporific for those sensitive to these ingredients) combination with the lemon balm. I have never heard of any toxic effects or contraindications to the use of lemon balm. From personal experience, I'd say it's perfectly harmless. ========== 2.17 Garlic ----This one is on the wishlist, too. Contributions welcome. ========== 2.18 Thyme ===== 2.18.1 Growing thyme ----From: [email protected] (SkiFast123) Transplanting thyme: a suggestion made by Adelma Grenier Simmons (of Caprilands, CT fame) in one of her many herb pamphlets is to bury one-half of the plant along with the roots in the soil. In other words, you will only, after transplanting, be able to see 1/2 of the plant that you had formerly. The other 1/2 will be underground. Since thyme is tricky to transplant bc its roots are so fine and in my experience, easy to sever from the main plant, this method has worked with good results for me. ========== 3 Gardening ========== 3.4 Herbs for shade ----From: [email protected] (sonny hays-eberts) sweet cicely and woodruff are two i've had good luck with, in heavy shade. most culinary herbs prefer full sun. those that are shade tolerant, as a general rule, are not as heavy on flavor. From: [email protected] (Michael Rooney) Many of the broader leaf herbs will grow in the shade, especially the ones that tend to bolt. A good example of this is cilantro or parsley. ========== 4 Processing herbs ========== 4.1 Vinegars ----Please check at least 2.4.3 / Chive Vinegar, 4.6.3 / Rose Vinegar, and 2.9.3 / Mint Vinegar. From: [email protected] (Michael Rooney) Basically, if you like it as an herb, put a good sized sprig of it in some white vinegar and wait a couple of months and try it. This works with sage (don't leave it too long), oregano, tarragon, thyme (may have to leave it longer) and chives that I can think of. Rose petal vinegar From: [email protected] (Gwen Baker): 1 c rose petals 3 whole cloves 2 c white wine vinegar Trim away white part of rose petals. Wash and drain thoroughly. Slightly bruise petals and place with cloves in a wide mouth canning jar. Place vinegar in a medium saucepan bring to a boil. Pour vinegar over petals, cover at once with metal lids, and screw bands tight. Let stand at room temp for 1 week. Strain vinegar into decorative jars, discarding rose petals. Seal jars with a cork or other airtight lid. Makes 2 cups. ========== 4.2 Herb oil ----From: [email protected] (Edgar Wickberg) All homemade herb or vegetable flavoured oils have doubtful safety if they are not refrigerated immediately and kept in the refrigerator. The reason for concern is botulism. Clostridium botulinum, the organism that makes the deadly poison that results in botulism, grows in airfree environments. It is only when it grows that it produces the toxin. Putting anything up in oil produces a really great airfree ( oxygen free) environment and therfore the risk of toxin production. Clostridium botulinum is a very common organism in all of our environments, but the orgamism itself isn't dangerous to us. It requires, besides the airfree environment, a low acid one and temperatures above fridge temps. This is probably more than you ever wanted to hear about why not to make garlic flavoured oil. Why not dry most of your garlic so it will last and make just a little oil and keep it in the fridge. To make the kind that you store in the fridge, just heat a small quanitity of oil ( of your choice), put a few peeled cloves of garlic in a small bottle, pour the hot oil over, cool for half an hour, cover and refrigerate. ----From: [email protected] (gwen baker) Take the cleaned herbs and place into a jar (a mason jar will do). Heat the oil to just warm (too hot and you will cook the herbs instead of extracting the taste), pour the warm oil over the herbs and let set. Check every 3 days to once a week, straining and adding additional herbs until the desired flavor is reached. HeK comment to above: keep in refrigerator until desired flavor is reached and thereafter. ========== 4.3 Drying your herbs ----From: [email protected] (Amy Smith): You don't need anything terribly high tech to dry herbs... For leaves you can use old window screens in a DRY DARK place (like the attic). If you are growing seedlings, place the screens on the top of the fluorescent lights. For roots you might want to use the oven on low. Chopping the roots first helps. Food hydrators are better for roots. Flowers are like leaves but you MUST be careful about keeping it dark. (the sun leeches the nutrients out of herbs and they disintegrate too.) You can also hang bunches of leaves on string in a dark place outside (if you are in a fairly low humid climate) Or put flowers or leaves in paper sacks and hang them to dry (shake them or stir them periodically so they don't stick together inside the sack.) From: ?: Never store herbs in completely airtight containers unless you have access to a dessicant (like you get in pill bottles) to store with them since you will never perfectly dry them and therefore they need to breath. From: [email protected] (Judith Rogow), in response to above: An old remedy - tie a few grains of rice in a bit of cheese cloth and add it to the bottle if you must keep it tightly closed. From HeK: Never use a microwave to dry herbs. First, timing and stuff is different for different microwave ovens, second, the taste isn't that good, and third, you can end up with a fire in your kitchen. If you use a dehydrator never go above 40 deg. Celcius. Most herbs are tasty because of volatile oils and in high temperatures these volatile oils get volatile and your herbs get tasteless. And, if you use the bunched-herbs -method outlined above, strip the leaves off the stalks after your herbs are dry. Stalks aren't that tasty in soups, and can be tossed on barbecue coals to give some taste there. ========== 4.4 Freezing your herbs ----From: [email protected] (Michael Rooney) The best way to do it is to cut the leaves off and then put them into a tight container and freeze them. If you are in a hurry you can put in the stems too and cut the leaves off later. From HeK: I've found the best way to freeze parsley is to cut it fine before freezing. Then you can scrap some directly from the jar into your soup/sauce/whatever without having to cut it while it's frozen / going mushy on you. I've done this for the others I've frozen as well - dill at least is way too stringy to be easily cut when frozen. From: [email protected] (gwen baker) Chop the herbs into the desired size and place into a ice cube tray. You can fit a premeasured amount in so you know how much in each segment (I use a tblsp). Then add just enough water to cover the chopped leaf and freeze. You can pop out the cubes and store in bags and have the flavor of fresh herbs year round. ----From: [email protected] (Michael Rooney) Another great way is to make them into pesto. Try different herbs with pignoli nuts, pecans (dill and pecan is one of my favorites), walnuts, almonds, hazelnuts, etc. until you find the combinations you like. We freeze the pestos by putting saran wrap over a pint ice cream top (yes, the plastic one from a Dutch sounding one made really in NJ :-)), forcing in as much pesto as we can, and putting the saran wrap over the top. Then we wrap it in aluminium foil and label it and put it in the freezer. The best part is we have it all winter long and it tastes great on many things, especially pasta, chicken, pork, shrimp, fish, etc. ========== 4.6 Jelly, syrup and other sweet stuff ===== 4.6.1 Flower / herb jelly ----- Basic flower jelly recipe - can also be used for herbs From: [email protected] (Bess Haile): 2 cups flower infusion: steep 2+ cups moderately packed flowers in 2 cups boiling water at least 30 minutes 1/4 cup lemon juice (E. Toley says not to use bottled, but I do) 4 cups sugar 3 oz of liquid pectin (this will be 1/2 box of liquid Certo) Bring first 3 ingredients to a boil you can't stir down. Add pectin and boil 2 minutes. Ladle into hot sterile jars. Seal in preferred manner. Note (Bess Haile): I prefer the liquid certo to the powdered. It seems to jell better with flowers. Also, I find the extra minute of boiling helps to create a stiffer jelly, though 1 minute will create a clear jam-like texture. I always use the 4 oz canning jars because I can give away some of the jellies without running out of all my stock. Not everyone likes jelly from flowers. My own family HATES rose jelly which is one of my favorites. Also, note, rose petals have a bitter white bit where the petals join the flower. Cut these off. I do this by holding the flower, step up, and cutting around the flower, leaving all the bitter bits on the flower. I've used Rose, Honeysuckle, Lavender, and many herbs too. Rosemary makes a good jelly for a glaze on roast pork (and probably lamb). Lemon verbena and spearmint are great too! Rose petal jelly From: [email protected] (Gwen Baker) 1 1/2 c rose petals 1 1/2 c white grape juice 1/2 water 3 1/2 c sugar 1 pkg liquid fruit pectin Trim away white part of rose petals, wash petals thoroughly, and drain. Combine rose petals and grape juice in a sauce pan. Bring to a rolling boil, stirring constantly; cook 1 min, stirring frequently. Add fruit pectin; cook stirring constantly, until mixture returns to a rolling boil. Continue boiling 1 min, stirring frequently. Remove from heat, and skim off foam with a metal spoon. Quickly pour jelly into hot sterilized jar leaving 1/4 in headspace; cover with metal lids and screw tight. Process in boiling water bath for 5 min. Makes 3 pints. For fun leave the rose petals in and you can tell folks you are eating roses - they end up with the funniest looks on their faces. Rose petal jelly II From: [email protected] (Gwen Baker) 2 quarts fresh rose petals, loosely packed (about 3 dozen roses) 1 quart boiling water 4 cups sugar 3 tablespoons lemon juice Place petals in a large bowl. Add boiling water. Cover and steep for 20 minutes, or until all color is out of the petals. Strain liquid into a shallow pan. Add sugar and lemon juice. Cook over medium heat, stirring constantly until sugar has dissolved, and mixture comes to a rolling boil. Maintain boil until mixture gives a jelly test (2 drops form on side of spoon, then flow together). Skim. Pour into hot sterile jars. Cover with melted parafin (or use your prefered sealing method). Makes 8 x 6-ounce jars. Note (Gwen Baker): The rose petal jelly I have had used added pectin. This recipe thinks rose petals have enough of their own. Violet flower jelly From: [email protected] (Gwen Baker) Violet infusion: 2 cups violet blossoms (don't have to pack tightly, just nicely full cups will do) 2 cups boiling water Pour boiling water on blossoms and cover 12-24 hours (If you can't get to the cooking within 24 hours, store in the refrigerator). Jelly recipe: 2 cups infusion 1/4 cup lemon juice 1 pkg. powdered pectin 4 cups sugar Bring first 3 ingredients to a rolling boil (one you can't stir down). Add sugar all at once and bring back to rolling boil. Boil for 1 minute. Remove from heat and let boiling die down. Skim off foam with large spoon. Pour immediately into hot sterilized jars and seal. Makes 4-5 cups of jelly. I use the half cup jars so I can give away samples without giving away everything. Note (Gwen Baker): I've made two batches of this jelly and it is delicious! The lemon juice turns the blue infusion the most glorious amethyst color. No fruit jelly I've ever made has this color. It is tart and lemony, but does not taste exactly like lemon. My violets are not parma violets, just plain old Virginia weeds. ===== 4.6.2 Syrup ----Rose petal syrup From: [email protected] (Gwen Baker): 1 c rose petals 1 c water 1 1/2 c sugar 3 whole cloves Trim away white part of rose petals was and drain thoroughly. Combine rose petals and water in a sauce pan bring to boil. Then simmer for 5 min. Add sugar and cloves. Simmer until sugar dissolved(do not reboil) strain petals refrigerate. Makes 1 2/3 cup. Use this for Rose cooler: 1/2 c rose syrup 2 c club soda fresh rose petals. Combine soda and syrup garnish with rose petals. Makes 2 1/2 cups. ========== 4.7 Potpourris and other uses for dried herbs / flowers ----Meaning non-culinary uses, in this culinary herbfaq. ;) From: [email protected] (gwen baker) Dried herbs can also go into herb pillows and sleep pillows. ===== 4.7.1 Stovetop potpourri ----- on rec.gardens June 1995: From: [email protected] (Jeffrey Clayton): My favorite potpourri recipe is: dried orange peel, dried pine needles, dried mint, cinnamon sticks (broken into pieces), cloves This is a stove top potpourri -- the kind you put in water and simmer. Aromatherapy says this combination of scents is supposed to keep colds away. ===== 4.7.2 Dry potpourri ----- on rec.gardens June 1995: From: [email protected] (Mandy Haggith): I've been making pot-pourri since I was about 7 and still use the same method I used then - shoe boxes under the bed. I find that the number one ingredient is rose petals, best of all from wild dog roses, but any smelly rose will do. You'll need MASSES of rose petals. Lavender is also wonderful. Pick the flowers (and herb leaves) when they're warm and dry and smelly, stick them loosely in the shoe boxes (either mixed up or not, depending on what you want to do with them) and stir them with a warm dry hand a couple of times a day (or more). The petals will gradually dry out and you can use them in pot-pourri recipes after a few weeks. Under the bed is a good place because it is usually pretty dry, it's dark (so the petals keep some of their colour) and the smell of the drying petals gives you sweet dreams! I find the airing cupboard is too hot and dries the leaves out too fast leaving them shrivelled and not so sweet smelling. ===== 4.7.3 Drying flowers whole for potpourri ----From: [email protected] (Diana Politika): If you want to dry the peony intact, either bury it in silica gel or use a 50/50 mixture of borax and cornmeal. Leave it buried for about 2 weeks and then tilt the container to get the mix to shift off the flower. Silica works best, but the other is alot cheaper. If using the borax mix, use a small soft paintbrush to get all the dust off. I've used many of these in arrangments and everyone goes nuts over them. From: [email protected] (gwen baker) When drying flowers using silica be careful. It can speed the drying process, but it can also cause discoloration and leave a residue behind. In about the same amount of time the flowers can be dried naturally. Silica does allow you to keep a flower whole or to preserve a shape. There is also a liquid ( I think it is a glycerine) that will preserve greenery and keep it soft and flexible. ========== 4.8 Alcoholic beverages ===== 4.8.1 Rose petal wine ----From: [email protected] (Gwen Baker) (who got it from Terry Pelley on rec.winemaking) One day before you prepare the must you should make a yeast starter: For one gallon of wine: 4 oz. Water 1 tsp sugar 1/4 tsp nutrient Pinch of citric acid 1/4 tsp yeast For five gallons of wine: 2 cups water 2 tbs sugar 1/2 tsp nutrient 1/4 tsp citric acid 1 package of yeast Mix all the ingredients in an appropriate size bottle and shake to combine. Loosely cover the bottle, do not seal it tight; a cloth held in place with a rubber band will work fine. After sitting for a day this mixture should be fermenting and can be added to the must. The must: 6 cups rose petals (fresh) whites removed 1/4 lb chopped white raisins 5 3/4 cups sugar 2 tsp yeast nutrient 2 tsp acid blend 1 Campden Tablet (crushed) Yeast - All purpose or Rhinewine Boil one gallon of water and combine with rose petals, raisings, and sugar in your primary fermenter. Allow the mixture to cool to around 75 degrees and add yeast nutrient, acid blend and campden tablet. ========== 5 Sites to see ----Sorry, folks. This one is in the wishlist, and is a construction site besides. ========== 5.1 FTP sites ----========== 5.2 WWW pages ----========== THE END. ========== From: "Mary Ellen Curtin" Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: Deer-defeating plants Date: Mon, 30 May 94 00:04:43 -0500 There have been a number of questions from time to time about plants that deer _don't_ like to eat; as in, are there any? I picked up the following list at a local wildflower preserve, it being a reprint from a New Jersey magazine. The emphasis is thus on plants suitable for the mid-atlantic states, but these genera are likely to be good places to start for much of the rest of the country, too. As usual, this list comes without any kind of warranty: if deer (or other critters) get hungry enough, they will eat ANYTHING. Last year some mammal (possibly a deer) ate the entire flower spike off one of my digitalis plants, which should be not merely distasteful but poisonous. But who knows, maybe the creature was suffering from a heart condition. So here's the list, titled: "Best Choices for Gardening with Deer." I have marked shade-tolerant species with *. Perennials: Achillea (yarrow) Aconitum (monkshood)* Allium (garlic, chives, etc.) Anaphalis (pearly everlasting) Anchusa (bugloss) Anemome -- Japanese and grape-leafed only* Aquilegia canadensis (native columbine)* Artemisia Aruncus (goatsbeard)* Asclepias (butterfly weed -- _not_ butterfly bush) Astilbe* Borage Caltha (marsh marigold)* Centaurea montana (mountain bluet) Clematis Convallaria (lily-of-the-valley)* Convolvulus (morning glory?) Delphinium Dicentra (bleeding heart)* Digitalis (foxglove) [self-seeding biennial]* Echinacea (purple coneflower) Erigeron (fleabane) Euphorbia (spurge) Geranium (cranesbill -- _not_ common geranium) Gysophila (baby's breath) Helianthus (sunflower) herbs, various Lavandula (true lavender) Lunaria (money plant/honesty)[self-seeding biennial] Lychnis (maltese cross) Mertensia (virgina bluebells)* Monarda (bee balm) Myosotis (forget-me-not) [self-seeding biennial]* Physostegia (obedient plant) Papaver (oriental poppy) Pulmonaria (lungwort) Ranunculus (buttercup) Rudbeckia gloriosa (coneflower; aka R. hirta -- _not_ Goldstrum) Salvia (sage) Stachys (lamb's ear) Stokesia (stoke's aster) Thalictrum (meadow rue) Tradescantia (spiderwort)* Trillium* Trollius (globeflower) Vinca major (periwinkle)* Annuals: Ageratum Calendula (pot marigold) Centaurea rutifola (dusty miller) Cosmos Helichrysum (strawflower) herbs, various Lantana (trailing lantana) Salvia (sage) Bulbs: Canna lily Gladiola Hyacinth Narcissus (daffodils and jonquils) Good gardening. Mary Ellen internet: postal: 9 Titus Mill Rd., Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
Newsgroups: rec.gardens From: [email protected] (Christopher Lindsey) Subject: Re: Question on deer proof plants Date: Wed, 20 Jan 1993 06:45:30 GMT back:
Here's a list of plants that deer don't like that I posted a while
Acanthus Kniphofia Aconitum Leucojum Agave Lirioe Allium Lychnis coronaria Amaryllis Melianthus Artemisia Melissa Arum Melittis Arundo Mentha Astilbe Mirabilis Campanula Myosotis Carex Nepeta Centaurea Origanum Ceratostigma Paeonia Chrysanthemum maximum Papaver Cortaderia Phormium Crinum Polygonatum Crocosmia Potentilla Dicentra Pulmonaria Digitalis Romneya Epimedium Rudbeckia Euphorbia Saliva Ferns Satureja Festuca glauca Scabiosa Filipendula Sisyrinchium Gaillardia Tellima Geranium Thalictrum Gerbera Tiarella Gunnera Trillium Helianthus Veratrum Helichrysum Vinca Hosta Iris Hope it helps! Chris Christopher Lindsey -- Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Univ. of Illinois
From [email protected] Feb 17 13:54:20 1996 Date: Thu, 15 Feb 1996 16:55:06 -0800 From: Bill Loke Reply to: Organic Gardening Discussion List To: Multiple recipients of list OGL Subject: Re: Deer Problem Deborah Weyman wrote: > > I live in a wooded area in northern New Jersey. I love the deer, but I > also love to garden, especially with perennials. Does anyone have a list > of perennials that deer are less likely to eat? What are some ideas for > organic deer repellants? > > Deb Weyman > Trenton State College > [email protected] am quoting from an Organic Gardening Dec 87 issue page 31 (A Deer Proof Garden) The deer usually stay away from the following unless they are really hungry. TREES: California Bay or Oregon Myrtle, Edible Fig*, Holly, Maple, Oak, Pine, Redwood, Spruce, Sweet Gum*, Tanbark oak, Walnut* SHRUBS and VINES: Australian fuchsia, Bottle Brush, California fuchsia,Catalina cherry, Clematis, Daphne*, Carolina jessamine*, Dusty Millar*, English Lavender, Euonymus(spindle tree), Euryops, Hazelnut, Jasmine, Jerusalem cherry, Juniper, Mexican Mock Orange, Natal Plum, Oleander*, Pampas grass, Pitcher sage, Pomegranate*, Red-hot Poker, Red-leaf or Japanese barberry, Rhododendron (except azalea-leaved varieties), Rock-rose*, Rosemary, Santolina, Scotch broom, Shrubby cinquefoil, Spanish Lavender, spicebush, Star Jasmine, Wild Lilac(blueJean/emily brown only), Wire Grass, Yucca. GROUND COVERS: Aaron's beard or creeping St John's wort, Algerian ivy, Blue star creeper, Carpet bugle, English Ivy, Manzanita, Myrtle, Peppermint, Sea pink, Spearmint, Trailing African daisy. FLOWERS,FERNS,HERBS: Ageratum, Anemone, Bells of Ireland, Black-eyed SUsan, Bleeding Heart*, Bracken, Calla Lily, Canterbury bell, Chain fern, Chives, Chrysanthemum*, Coreopsis, Daffodil, Daylily, Deer-tongue fern, Fescue grass, Foxglove, Gaillardia, Iceland Poppy, Iris, Lady Fern, Lily* , Lily of the nile, Marguerite*, Mullein Pink;rose campion, Naked Lady Lily, Oriental Poppy, Rock Aster, Snowflake, Sword fern, Tulip*, Wake-robin, Wood fern, Yarrow, Zinnia. CACTUSES AND SUCCULENTS; Any cactus with stout spines, a Sedum variety called Utah, Spiny varieties of Hens and chickens. I hope this helps. If you require the latin names, I can Supply them as well. Any other thing you want to grow will have to be raised up, trellised or wire-protected until they are big enough to fend for themselves *Deer May sample once but won't come back. Please note there are always exceptions with unusual taste buds. [email protected] (Bill Loke)Z5a Kars, Ontario, Canada 'Whatever grows, behave like you meant it to grow.' From [email protected] Apr 9 21:46:49 1995 Date: Wed, 8 Mar 1995 13:42:06 -0800 From: Brian Lo Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: FAQ: Faba Beans FABA BEAN Vicia faba (see seperate files on beans and lima beans) Faba bean, also called Fababean, Broadbean and Fava Bean is a cool temperature vegetable popular in the Middle East and Europe, and uncommon in the U.S. Pods are shelled when seeds are green for cooking as a green vegetable, commonly in stews. The seed may be boiled, or used roasted as a snack food. They are also harvested after the seed has dried and ground to a flour and used for falafel, a popular middle eastern food. VARIETIES Spring planted varieties require approximately 130-150 days, while overwintering varieties require approximately 240 days to reach dry seed maturity. Green-pod harvest for green seed would be about 30 days less: Aquadulce Claudia for overwinter or spring planting; Aprovecho Select, Green Windsor, Broad Windsor, Equina, Ipro for spring planting. Dwarf type: Coles Dwarf Prolific (suited to windy areas where plants may be blown over). Heat tolerant type: Foul Muddamma. For trial - spring planting: Dreadnought, Acme, Stereo. SEED COMPANIES Abbott & Cobb Inc. POB F307, Feasterville, PA 19047 Asgrow Seed Company, POB 5038, Salinas CA 93915 Bountiful Gardens, 19550 Walker Road, Willits, CA 95490 Crookham Co. Caldwell, ID 83606 Ferry-Morse Seed Co. POB 4938, 555 Codoni Ave. Modesto, CA 95352 Harris Moran Seed Co. 3670 Buffalo Rd. Rochester, NY 14624 Johnny's Select Seeds, Foss Hill Road, Albion, Maine 04910 Nichols Garden Nursery, 1190 No. Pacific Highway, Albany, OR 97321-4598 Rogers NK Seed Co. POB 4272 Boise, ID 83711 Sunseeds, 2320 Technology Pkwy. Hollister, CA 95023 W. Osborne Seed Co. Int'l. 1679 Highway 99 South, Mount Vernon, WA 98273 Territorial Seed Co. POB 27, Lorane, OR 97451 Samual Yates, Ltd., Withyfold Dr., Macclesfield, Cheshire SKI0 2BE, England Zenner Bros. Seed Co., Inc. 1311 S.E. Gideon St. Portland, OR 97202 SOILS Faba beans do best on well-drained silt loam soils. Sandy loams are but require more frequent irrigation. Faba beans produce best on soils which are neutral or slightly acidic. Lime should be applied if pH levels are below 5.6. Follow soil test recommendations. Rotate faba beans with grains or other crops to reduce damage from soil-borne diseases. Crop residues of lettuce, carrots, cabbage, parsnips, and cucurbits may harbor white mold sclerotia.
SEED TREATMENT Use fungicide and insecticide treated seed. SOIL TEMPERATURE Faba beans germinate and grow well under cool soil conditions such as those favorable for production of peas. Fields may be planted as soon as they can be worked in the spring, however, delaying planting till June or July may reduce broad bean virus or chocolate spot infection. In the temperate areas of the Pacific Northwest, cold-hardy varieties like Aquadulce Claudia may be planted in the fall (late September or October). SEEDING AND SPACING Faba Bean seed numbers about 200-800 per pound. About 60-80 lbs. are used per acre. Seed should be planted 5-6 inches apart in the row, with rows 24-36 inches apart. Plant populations should be about 60,000 per acre. Use heavier seeding rate for fall planting than spring planting to compensate for some over-winter mortality. FERTILIZER Good fertilizer usage is only one of the important management practices, including proper seeding, pest control, adequate irrigation, and timely harvest. Because of the influence of soil type, climatic conditions, and other cultural practices, crop response from fertilizer may not always be accurately predicted. Soil test results, field experience, and knowledge of specific crop requirements help determine the nutrients needed and the rate of application. Fertilizer applications for faba beans should insure adequate levels of all nutrients. Optimum fertilization is intended to result in for top quality and yield, commensurate with maximum returns. Recommended soil sampling procedures should be followed in order to estimate fertilizer needs. The Oregon State University Extension Service agent in your county can provide you with soil sampling instructions and soil sample bags and information sheets. Recommendations are based on a row spacing of 36". With decreased row spacings fertilizer rates should be increased. Use the following recommended guidelines: For WESTERN OREGON: NITROGEN (N) Rates of 50 to 80 lbs of N/A are generally recommended where faba beans are grown on fields having a history of heavy fertilization and intensive culture. Rates of 80 to 110 lbs of N/A are recommended where forage legumes or heavily fertilized vegetable crops were not grown the preceding year. PHOSPHORUS (P) Phosphorus fertilizer should be banded at planting for vigorous early seedling growth. Bands should be located 2 to 3 inches to the side and 2 to 3 inches below the seed. Response is greatest from bands properly placed at 2 x 2 inches. If the OSU soil test Apply this amount of for P reads (ppm): phosphate (P2 O5) lb/A: 0 - 15120 - 150 15 - 60 90 - 120 Over 60 60 - 90 POTASSIUM (K) Potassium should be applied before planting or banded at planting time. Amounts above 60 lbs K2 O per acre should be broadcast and worked into the seed bed. If the OSU soil test Apply this amount of for K reads (ppm): potassium(K2 O) (lb/A) 0 - 7590 - 120 75 - 15060 - 90 150 - 20040 - 60 Over 200 None SULFUR (S) Include 20-30 lbs/A of S in the fertilizer program for faba beans. S is sometimes contained in fertilizers used to supply other nutrients such as N, P, and K, but may not be present in sufficient quantity. Plants absorb S in the form of sulfate. Fertilizer materials supply S in the form of sulfate and elemental S. Elemental S must convert to sulfate in the soil before the S becomes available to plants. The conversion of elemental S to sulfate is usually rapid for fine ground (less than 40 mesh) material in warm moist soil. S in the sulfate form can be applied at planting time. Some S fertilizer materials such as elemental S and ammonium sulfate have an acidifying effect on soil. The S requirements of faba beans can be provided by: 1. The application of 20-30 lbs S/A in the form of sulfate at or prior to seeding. 2. Applying 30-40 lbs S/A as fine ground (finer than 40 mesh) elemental S the preceding year. 3. Applying coarser ground elemental S at higher rates and less frequently. MAGNESIUM (Mg) When the soil test value is below 1.5 meq Mg/100g of soil or when calcium (Ca) is ten times more than the Mg, apply 10 to 15 lb Mg/A banded at planting. If deficiency symptoms appear, spray with 10 lbs Epsom salts in 100 gals of water/A. Mg can also be supplied in dolomite, which is a liming material and reduces soil acidity to about the same degree as ground limestone. Dolomite should be mixed into the seed bed several weeks in advance of seeding. BORON (B) Responses of faba beans to B applications have not been observed in experiments on growers' fields in western Oregon. ZINC (Zn) Responses of faba beans to B applications have not been observed in experiments on growers' fields in western Oregon. When the soil test is below 1 ppm Zn, a response to Zn is expected on all soils. Where Zn is required, either 10 lb/A of Zn should be broadcast and worked into the soil prior to planting or 3 to 4 lbs/A of Zn should be banded with the fertilizer at planting time. A broadcast application of 10 lb Zn/A should supply Zn needs for 2 or 3 years. LIME Lime applications should be made when the soil pH is 5.5 or below, or when calcium (Ca) levels are below 5 meq Ca/100g of soil. If the OSU SMP Buffer Apply this amount test for lime reads: of lime (T/A): Below 5.2 4 - 5 5.2 - 5.6 3 - 4 5.6 - 5.9 2 - 3 5.9 - 6.2 1 - 2 Over 6.2 0 The liming rate is based on 100-score lime. Lime should be mixed into the seed bed at least several weeks before seeding. A lime application is effective over several years. Do not apply lime when the soil pH is above 6.0. EASTERN OREGON, east of the Cascades: lbs. per acre Nitrogen (N): 50-80 Phosphorus (P2 O5): 50-100 Potassium (K2 O): up to 50 Sulfur (S): 20-30 IRRIGATION Irrigation is not recommended until about 2 weeks after planting. Too much water at seeding slows growth and may increase root rots. During the rest of the season, keep moisture levels in the top foot of soil at or above 50% of available water. To avoid any water stress the two critical times during bean development are during bloom and pod set. It is advisable to irrigate in the early morning hours so the plants may dry off before the night. A total of 10" - 16" may be needed in western Oregon depending on location planting date, seasonal variation and variety. Approximate summer irrigation needs for the Hermiston area have been found to be: 3.5 inches in May, 5.0 in June, 7.5 in July, and 7.0 in August. Soil type does not affect the amount of total water needed, but does dictate frequency of water application. Lighter soils need more frequent water applications, but less water applied per application. HARVESTING AND HANDLING Faba beans are usually harvested when the seeds have reached full size but are still green. They may also be harvested after the pods and seeds have dried for various uses. When harvested green, pods may be sold for shelling by consumers or shelled, and the green seed packaged for sale. Store at 40 to 45 F. and relative humidity of 95%. Faba bean pods or seed lose moisture rapidly if not properly protected by packaging or by a relative humidity of 95% or above. When the relative humidity approaches saturation, as in consumer packages, temperatures above 45 F. must be avoided or decay is likely to be serious within a few days. Containers of faba beans should be stacked to allow abundant air circulation. If containers are packed close together, the temperature may rise because of the heat of respiration, and the faba beans will deteriorate rapidly. When faba beans are stored in large bins or pallet boxes, provision should be made for rapid cooling. Faba beans stored too long or at too high a storage temperature are subject to various decays. PEST CONTROL FOR FABA BEANS THE PESTICIDES LISTED BELOW, TAKEN FROM THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST PEST CONTROL HANDBOOKS, ARE FOR INFORMATION ONLY, AND ARE REVISED ONLY ANNUALLY. BECAUSE OF CONSTANTLY CHANGING LABELS, LAWS, AND REGULATIONS, OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY CAN ASSUME NO LIABILITY FOR THE CONSEQUENCES OF USE OF CHEMICALS SUGGESTED HERE. IN ALL CASES, READ AND FOLLOW THE DIRECTIONS AND PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS ON THE SPECIFIC PESTICIDE PRODUCT LABEL. USE PESTICIDES SAFELY! Wear protective clothing and safety devices as recommended on the label. Bathe or shower after each use. Read the pesticide label--even if you've used the pesticide before. Follow closely the instructions on the label (and any other directions you have). Be cautious when you apply pesticides. Know your legal responsibility as a pesticide applicator. You may be liable for injury or damage resulting from pesticide use.
WEED CONTROL The Pacific Northwest Weed Control Handbook has no control entries for this crop. Cultivate as often as necessary when weeds are small. Proper cultivation, field selection and rotations can reduce or eliminate the need for chemical weed control.
INSECT CONTROL The Pacific Northwest Insect Control Handbook has no control entries for this crop. Proper rotations and field selection can minimize problems with insects.
DISEASE CONTROL The Pacific Northwest Disease Control Handbook has no control entries for this crop. Proper rotations, field selection, sanitation, spacings, fertilizer and irrigation practices can reduce the risk of many diseases. Fields can be tested for presence of harmful nematodes. Using seed from reputable sources reduces risk from "seed born" diseases.
-------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- This information was prepared by the Oregon State University Extension Service from Oregon and Pacific NW publications as well as other vegetable production guidelines from public institutions in the U.S. and Canada. These guidelines are intended as a general guide for Oregon commercial vegetable producers. Address comments or questions to your County Extension Agent or Dr. N. S. Mansour, Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 9733l --------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- Article 9754 (136 more) in rec.gardens: From: [email protected] Subject: Fertilizer FAQ Date: 5 Aug 92 20:54:29 GMT Organization: University of Northern Iowa Lines: 409
FERTILIZER FAQL Initial writing by Kay Klier, using materials from a wide variety of sources. Primarily written from the point of view of NPK. Needs work on using green manures and cover crops as nutrient sources, since I mainly use them to add organic matter. CONTENTS: I. Fertilizer overview II. Plant nutrients III. What is a complete formula for plants? IV. The numbers on the fertilizer sack V. Calculating amounts of fertilizer to apply VI. When to fertilize VII. Methods of application A. Commercial formulations 1. Dry 2. Soluble B. Natural forms VIII. Fertilizers vs. soil amendments IX. Approximate analyses of commonly available natural fertilizers and soil amendments A. Seed meals B. Manures C. Animal byproducts D. Stem and leaf products E. Miscellaneous organics F. Miscellaneous inorganics X. Experiences with various formulations A. Osmocote B. Peter's soluble general purpose C. Granular commercial fertilizers D. "Weed and feed" lawn fertilizers E. "Lawn fertilizers" F. Houseplant formulations
I. FERTILIZER OVERVIEW Fertilizers are materials that contain appreciable amounts of plant nutrients. Probably the most familiar categories of fertilizer are "chemical" vs. "organic": these could better be termed synthetic vs. natural. The synthetic fertilizers consist almost entirely of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus (the three nutrients most likely to be in short enough supply to limit growth), in forms that are readily utilized by plants. In contrast, the natural fertilizers are more likely to have significant amounts of micronutrients (trace minerals) and the macronutrients are likely to be in forms that are not as readily absorbed-- they are in forms that must first be metabolized by soil microorganisms before they are available to plants. There may also be significant bulk: useful for tilth improvement. Thus the synthetic fertilizers are "fast", while the natural fertilizers tend to be more "time release". Some people feel that synthetic fertilizers "poison" the soil, and will not use them in any instance; others feel that synthetics are perfectly acceptable if used properly. Synthetic fertilizers can be one of the major sources of groundwater pollution (as can runoff from manure piles): the nitrogen is in such a soluble form that it tends to leach from the point of application. Overfertilization of natural bodies of water tends to lead to algal blooms and subsequent death of fish from oxygen depletion. High nitrate levels in drinking water can cause reduction in oxygen carrying capacity in red blood cells. Reduced oxygen levels can cause retardation in young children and fetuses. If you apply a highly soluble fertilizer, please use it thoughtfully.
II. PLANT NUTRIENTS Besides carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the essential minerals for most plants are: Chemical Element Symbol Available form: MACRO Nitrogen N NH4+, NO3 Phosphorus P HPO4-, H2PO4 Potassium K K+ SECONDARY Sulfur S SO4- Calcium Ca Ca++ Magnesium Mg Mg++ MICRONUTRIENTS Iron Fe Fe++, Fe+++ Manganese Mn Mn++ Boron B H2BO3 Copper Cu Cu++ Zinc Zn Zn++ Molybdenum Mo MoO4- Chlorine Cl ClIt is relatively rare for soils to be deficient in copper, zinc, molybdenum or chlorine. If needed, the micronutrients plus magnesium are often applied as a chelated mixture. Sequestrene is a common US brand.
III. WHAT IS A COMPLETE FORMULA FOR PLANTS? Different plants require different proportions of nutrients, but you can get some idea of the general requirements by looking at one of the commonly used research formulations: Knop's solution with Nitsch's micronutrients. This will support hydroponic growth: (soil-less culture)
IV. NUMBERS ON THE FERTILIZER SACK The three numbers on a commercial fertilizer bag are in the order NPK: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (=kalium). The actual numbers are percentages: 20-20-20 fertilizer is 20% (by weight) nitrogen, 20% phosphorus, 20% potassium. When choosing a fertilizer formulation, choose a balanced fertilizer for most purposes, one in which the three numbers are approximately equal. If you wish to favor growth of leaves over flowers (for instance for a leafy vegetable crop, or a lawn, choose a fertilizer with a higher first number; for flowers or fruits, choose a higher middle number, for better root growth, choose a higher last number. NPK: leaves: flowers: roots
V. CALCULATING AMOUNTS TO APPLY Typically, a soil test will tell you that X pounds per thousand square feet will be required for a certain level of productivity (those who are fortunate enough to think metric can use appropriate units). As an example, consider someone who has just gotten a recommendation to apply 3 lbs of N per thousand square feet, in a divided (spring and fall) application. Our hapless homeowners wish to get their money's worth from the new mower he purchased for their 20,000 sq ft bluegrass lawn. To determine how many square feet a bag of fertilizer will cover at 1 lb per 1000 sq ft, multiply the weight of the bag by the percentage nitrogen on the label, then multiply by 1000. Assume this 30-1-1 fertilizer is sold in 40 lb sacks. One bag will cover 40 * .30 * 1000 = 12,000 sq ft at that rate.. But since we want 3 lbs N per 1000 sq ft, one sack will cover 4,000 sq ft, and our homeowners will buy 5 sacks of fertilizer (20,000sq ft/(4,000 sq ft/sack)) and use 3 sacks in the spring and 2 in the fall...
VI. WHEN TO FERTILIZE Quickly absorbed fertilizers should be applied only when a plant is about to begin a growth spurt, or during heavy growth. You should not fertilize heavily just before a plant will be going into dormancy (this may keep the plant from "hardening off" properly, and can result in winter damage. If you choose to use "high management" on a plant (heavy fertilization), you should also count on increasing water to the plant. If you anticipate major insect damage (perhaps a hatch of grasshoppers), decrease fertilization: tender plant tissues are more subject to damage than tissues that grew more slowly. In general, a _slightly_ "hungry" plant is more resistant to pests and diseases than an overfed one. Overfeeding can also result in salts building up in the soil. The salt build-up decreases the water potential of the soil, and can actually reach the point that a plant cannot extract enough water from a moist but salinized soil. These soils must be "cured" by leaching with tremendous amounts of water. Although a "proper" fertilization regime would include soil and plant analyses, most of us guesstimate fertilizer requirements. A cautious approach to guesstimation is to observe the plants for nutrient deficiency symptoms (you'll need to compare to photos often found in basic agronomy, horticulture or botany texts). If any are suspected, apply a weak fertilizer and observe for increased growth. If this is observed, you can repeat the application. Stop as soon as any signs of overfertilization (weak, floppy growth, all leaves and no flowers, salt burned leaves) are observed. Slow release fertilizers can be applied at almost any time, and there is relatively little danger of "burning" the plants. Notable exceptions are urine or fresh manures, which can be very high N. Composted manures are less "lively".
VII. METHODS OF APPLICATION A. COMMERCIAL FORMULATIONS 1. DRY Basic forms of commercial fertilizer include dry granular, slow release (e.g. Osmocote (tm)), and soluble. Granular fertilizers are usually broadcast or used as a side dressing (dug into a trench near the plants), slow release fertilizers are often used for high-value crops like greenhouse plants and as "starters" when planting trees or shrubs. Two additional forms of dry fertilizer are available: fertilizer "spikes" meant to be hammered into the soil near trees or shrubs, or inserted into soil of potted plants, and solid pellets meant for use in such devices as the Ross Root Feeder (tm). 2. SOLUBLE Soluble fertilizers (Peters is a popular US brand) were once nearly confined to greenhouse use, but are now becoming popular for foliar fertilization of lawns and bedding plants. These are usually applied diluted in large quantities of water, using a hose-end sprayer or proportioning device (e.g. Hoze-on proportioner (tm)). They may also be injected directly into irrigation systems. Because these soluble fertilizers are readily available to plants, most growers have found that using weaker solutions more often than label recommendations give superior results. A typical schedule might be 20-25% of the recommended strength applied at weekly intervals rather than the suggested monthly intervals. Growers of some specialty plants have reported problems with colored soluble fertilizers (a dye is added so the person who is watering can see if fertilizer or plain water is coming from the hose). Some manufacturers are now producing soluble products without the tracker dye. Crops often reported affected by the dye include ferns, lower plants and orchids. Highly soluble fertilizers like these can pollute groundwater unless carefully applied. B. NATURAL FERTILIZERS Because these generally have lower analyses than commercial fertilizers, generally much larger quantities are applied. This has the advantage of improving soil tilth by adding organic matter, and these generally require no additional micronutrient correction. You can also get a fair amount of exercise spreading and digging in a natural fertilizer. Another common way to use these fertilizers is as a "tea", an infusion of (for instance) manure in water. Water is added to a container of manure, the contents stirred and allowed to settle, then the water siphoned off for use, often on potted plants. Additional water can be added and the process repeated. <<>>
VIII. FERTILITIES VS. SOIL AMENDMENTS Natural fertilizers are often used not just for their nutritive value, but to improve soil tilth. Commercial fertilizers are generally not useful for tilth improvement. However, other soil amendments, like gypsum or agricultural lime, affect the availability of soil nutrients by their effect on soil pH. IX. APPROXIMATE ANALYSES OF COMMONLY AVAILABLE NATURAL FERTILIZERS AND SOIL AMENDMENTS. N P K comments A. SEED MEALS Alfalfa meal 2.4 0.2 2.1 Coffee grounds 2 0.3 0.2 acidic; add lime; caffeine residues may inhibit germination Cottonseed meal 6 2 1 cotton is a high pesticide crop Soybean meal 7 0.5 2.3 B. MANURES Bat guano (fresh) 10 3 1 Bat guano (subfossil) 2 8 0 Chicken manure (dry) 4 4 2 Cow manure (dry) 2 2.3 2.4 compost or apply in fall Horse manure 1.7 0.7 1.8 Pig manure (dry) 2 1.8 1.8 neighbors downwind will complain Sheep manure (dry) 4 1.4 3.5 C. ANIMAL BYPRODUCTS Blood meal 10 0 0 Bone meal 3 12 0-0.5 1 yr P availability Bone meal (steamed) 1 11 0 Crab meal (shrimp m., seafood m.) 4 3 0.5 Eggshell 1.2 0.4 0.1 Feather meal 11 0 0 Fish emulsion 4 1 1 5% sulfur Fish meal 5-11 3-6 0-3 may attract cats and other carnivores Horn & hoof meal 12-14 2 0 1 year N availability Worm castings 0.5 0.5 0.3 D. STEM AND LEAF PRODUCTS Bluegrass hay 1.8 0.6 1.8 Corn stover (dry) 1.2 0.4 1.6 Corn stover (green) 0.3 0.1 0.3 Cowpeas (dry) 3.1 0.6 2.3 Cowpeas (green) 0.4 0.1 0.4 Fescue hay 2.1 0.7 2.4 Grass clippings (green)0.5 0.2 0.5 Hairy vetch 2.8 0.8 2.3 Lespedeza hay 2.4 0.8 2.3 Oak leaves 0.8 9.4 0.1 Orchard grass hay 2.3 0.7 2.8 Red Clover hay 2.8 0.6 2.3 Sweet clover hay 2.2 0.6 2.2 Timothy hay 1.8 0.7 2.8 Wheat bran 2.6 2.9 1.6 Wheat straw 0.7 0.2 1.2 White clover (green) 0.5 0.2 0.3 E. MISCELLANEOUS ORGANIC Apple pomace 0.2 0 0.2 Compost (commercial) 1 1 1 Compost (homemade, high nutrients) 4 4 4 Compost (homemade, low nutrient) 0.5 0.5 0.5 Kelp meal 1-1.5 0-0.5 1-2.5 Milorganite (Milwaukee sewage sludge) 6 4 0 Oyster shell 0 0 0 31-36% calcium + trace minerals Sawdust 0.2 0 0.2 uses lots of N as it rots Sewage sludge, Iowa, average of 40 municipalities: very wide ranges, depending on source 2.77 1.41 0
F. MISCELLANEOUS INORGANICS Ammonium nitrate 33 0 0 soil acidifier Ammonium sulfate 21 0 0 strong acidifier Aragonite 0 0 0 96% calcium carbonate Borax 0 0 0 10% boron Calcitic limestone 0 0 0 65-80% calcium carbonate Colloidal phosphate 0 2 2 Dolomitic limestone 0 0 0 51% Calcium carbonate, 40% magnesium carbonate Epsom salts 0 0 0 10% magnesium, 13% sulfur Granite meal 0 4 0 67% silica, 19 trace minerals Greensand 0 1.5 6.1 32 trace minerals + 10 year release K Gypsum 0 0 0 22% calcium, 17% sulfur Muriate of potash: see potassium chloride Potassium chloride 0 0 60 commonly used in commercial fertilizers Potassium nitrate 13 0 44 basifier (makes soil more alkaline) Rock phosphate 0 3 0 32% total P, 32% Ca, 11 trace minerals Soft phosphate 0 18 0 2-3 yr P availability Superphosphate 0 20 0 12% sulfur Sulfur elemental or flowers of sulfur 0 0 0 99% sulfur; soil acidifier. Treble superphosphate 0 45 0 Urea 45 0 0 highest available N in granular form
X. EXPERIENCES WITH VARIOUS FORMULATIONS A. Osmocote One midwestern botanist with a tendency to forget to fertilize greenhouse plants has had good results with osmocote; others have reported poor results with other crops and better management. B. Peter's soluble general purpose Useful for most greenhouse crops, general bedding crops. Too high in nitrogen for good vegetable crops. Blue tracking dye is suspected in difficulties with orchids, ferns and lower plants. Uncolored forms available. Easy to handle. May require supplementation with micronutrients in greenhouse soils. C. Granular commercial fertilizers. Generally cheap and convenient; general purpose and easy to keep on hand. Buy by cost per pound of nutrients: 10 lbs of 15-15-15 at $1.30 is a better deal than 10 lbs of 10-10-10 at $1.00. Broken sacks of dry granulars can often be purchased cheaply at farm supply outlets. 5-10-5 is a typical "tomato" or "flowering houseplant" formulation. 10-10-10 or similar near-equal number formulation is an all-purpose balanced fertilizer. D. "Weed and feed" lawn fertilizers Combination herbicides and high nitrogen formulations. Consensus of the net seems to be that these are unneeded and polluting; a more balanced lawn fertilizer and perhaps spot applications of a selected herbicide (or a dandelion digger!) is a better choice for lawn, people and environment. E. "Lawn fertilizers" Formulations like 43-1-1 encourage leaf growth at the expense of root growth. A more balanced fertilizer is better if clippings are removed. If clippings are allowed to rot in place, or returned to the lawn as compost, potassium and phosphorus are reclaimed, so a better choice would be a fertilizer in the vicinity of 20-5-5. High N fertilizers can be applied just a few weeks before a special occasion requiring a deep green lawn without harm if the lawn is basically healthy. F. Houseplant formulations Specialty houseplant formulations are common and expensive; a soluble 10-10-10 or similar balanced fertilizer promotes good growth of most plants; plants grown for their flowers may benefit from 10-15-10 or similar formulations. 30-10-10 is a common formulation for epiphytic orchids growing in pots. In general, do not fertilize a newly potted plant or one that is about to enter dormancy. Resume fertilization when new growth starts.
Newsgroups: rec.gardens,misc.rural From: [email protected] (Ronald Florence) Subject: Re: Fertilizer FAQ Date: Tue, 17 Aug 1993 13:51:14 GMT [email protected] writes: Besides carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the essential minerals for most plants are: Chemical Element Symbol Available form: MACRO Nitrogen N NH4+, NO3 Phosphorus P HPO4-, H2PO4 Potassium K K+ SECONDARY Sulfur S SO4- Calcium Ca Ca++ Magnesium Mg Mg++ MICRONUTRIENTS Iron Fe Fe++, Fe+++ Manganese Mn Mn++ Boron B H2BO3 Copper Cu Cu++ Zinc Zn Zn++ Molybdenum Mo MoO4- Chlorine Cl ClThe FAQ was clearly intended for rec.gardens, and not for misc.rural, but it might be useful to add that boron is an important element in assuring growth of forage legumes like alfalfa and ladino clover. One other mineral which can be important to the health of animals fed on forage is selenium. The soils in many areas of the United States are low in selenium; animals raised on hay or pasture from these soils can suffer from selenium/vitamin-E defficiency (White Muscle Disease), a chronic muscular dystrophy that ultimately affects the heart muscles. The condition can be relieved by injections of vitamin-E and selenium, or by diet supplements. I don't know whether selenium can be added to deficient soils. These comments are only a shepherd's nit-picks to a very useful FAQ. -
Ronald Florence [email protected]
Article 34255 of rec.gardens: Newsgroups: rec.gardens From: [email protected] (Paul Harvey) Subject: Re: organic phosphorus source needed Date: 2 Jun 1994 19:07:19 UTC >Do I remeber it correctly that chicken manure is high in phosphorus? Relative to other manures: [N-P-K-S-C/N ratio] (~75% moisture contents)
Cow: 0.6-0.2-0.5-0-18 Horse: 0.6-0.2-0.5-0.1-22 Pig: 0.7-0.4-0.4-0.1-14 Sheep: 1-0.3-1-0.1-16 Poultry: 1.5-1-0.5-0.2-7
Ref: Fertile Soil, Robert Parnes, 1990, ISBN:0-932857-03-5, agAccess, Davis, CA, (916) 756-7177
Contents of the ftp directory: file://pub/academic/agriculture/sustainable_agriculture/ gardening/gardening-faqs/ Update: 4-19-1995 Herb.afh-faq.1 Herb.afh-faq.2 Herb_Archives Medicinal_Herb_FAQs@ Plants-by-Mail.FAQ.4-11-1995 R.G-FAQs Roses-FAQs/ The.Mighty.LingonBerry.by-R.E.Gough US-plant-hardiness-zones.faq.rev01 ant-faq.new ant.faq bean-varieties.faq blueberry.faq bulb-catalog.faq cabbage.faq carrots.faq compost-making.faq compost-using.faq deer-repelling-plants.faq faba-bean.faq fertilizer.faq* filelist forcing-bulbs.faq* fragrant-plants.faq gardening-software.faq hand-tools-by-mail.faq herb-growing.faq landscaping-for-wildlife.shrubs-vines.faq latin-pronunciation.faq.v1993 latin.pronunciation.faq new-faqs/ okra.faq old-roses.faq* peppers.faq* pickling-cucumber.faq plantings-for-wildlife.faq plants-by-mail.FAQ plants-by-mail.faq plants-by-mail.faq.1-22-95 pond.faq rgfaqs.list rooting-hormone.faq* roses.faq* seed-catalogs.faq1* seed-catalogs.faq2* seedcats/ tangerine-mandarin.faq tangerine.faq* tangerine.faq.new tomato-problems.faq turnip.faq update-info/ updates/ wait-before-spraying.faq Roses-FAQs: part1 part2
part3
new-faqs: fertilizer.faq
part4
part5
pond.faq
tomato-problem.faq
seedcats: updates update-info: faqupdate.001* seedcats updates: mail-order-plants poisonous-plants Date: Fri, 2 Oct 1992 14:36 CDT From: [email protected]
seedcats.faq
FORCING BULBS FOR WINTER BLOOM 1st draft, 2 October 1992 "Do you think 200 paperwhites are enough? I'm giving a few pots for Christmas presents, and I haven't got enough refrigerator space to do that many tulips..." --3rd year bulb-forcer, who just discovered wholesale catalogs A. Why force bulbs? B. Bulbs that need no prechilling C. How to force bulbs 1. Equipment and supplies 2. Planting the bulbs 3. Chilling period 4. "Bringing them on" 5. Aftercare D. Species and cultivars suitable for forcing, and cultural remarks
A. Why force bulbs? To (in)temperate zone gardeners, winter can be those 8 months before there's something blooming outside again. About mid-January, seed catalogs pall, and snow piles up, and the gardeners get a bit testy. There are several ways of coping with the winter-garden blues. n Pruning the apple orchard is productive, but a bit chilly. Revamping the entire garden on paper, adding drystone walls, subterranean irrigation, a new pond and small arboretum is exciting, but it's a bit expensive to actually do the work and guilt-inducing to not do the work... Or, with a bit of planning, you can beat the winter doldrums and have spring flowers all winter, with modest space and equipment requirements. Because flower buds are already formed in dormant bulbs, if you buy bulbs from a reputable supplier, you are almost guaranteed success. This FAQ was prepared by Kay Klier, and reflects her experiences and prejudices.
B. Bulbs that need no prechilling The simplest bulbs to "force" (bring into out-of-season bloom) are species that require no prechilling. These include _Hippeastrum_ (amaryllis), _Narcissus tazetta_ (paperwhite narcissus), and _Colchicum autumnale_ which will bloom in the fall just sitting on a shelf. Cultural instructions are in the list below.
C. How to force bulbs 1. Equipment and supplies Equipment needs are fairly minimal: a sunny, cool window for bringing the bulbs to flower, pots and ordinary potting soil for growing, and a refrigerator, coldframe, or a box stuffed with leaves-- something to maintain the pots at about 40oF. Choice of bulbs is critical: some species and cultivars force better than others, and larger bulbs give a better show than smaller bulbs of the same cultivar.
2. Planting the bulbs Some authors advocate special "bulb fiber" for forcing, or specially shaped glasses to allow bulbs to be rooted in water. Others specify a mixture of pebbles and charcoal, glass marbles, or similar non-absorbent rooting media. My experience with bulb fiber is that it is good, but expensive. The other media are prone to a number of ills, including tipping, rot, and malodors. However, most professional growers use a simple, well-drained, standard potting soil in an ordinary clay or plastic pot with drain holes. This offers a heavy enough base that top growth won't flip the pot. If available, "bulb pans" or "azalea pans" (pots that are very squat or sort-of-squat in comparison to the standard flower pot shape) can be used; these require less soil and are a bit more aesthetic to some eyes. Prepare the pot as if you were potting a house plant. New clay pots should be soaked in plain water for 24 hours before use*. Old clay or plastic pots should be scrubbed, disinfected and dried** before re-use. Crock the pot (put broken overlapping pot shards into the pot) to prevent soil running out the drain holes. Add enough soil so that the tips of the bulbs set on this base are about 2" (5 cm) below the rim. Place the bulbs on this base, one cultivar per pot, with the bulbs just barely separated. Put as many bulbs in as will fit. Continue filling the pot with soil to about 3/4" (2 cm) below the rim. Tag with cultivar and date. Place filled pot in water and allow the soil to soak up from the bottom; drain for 12 hours, then placed into the chilling chamber. Don't forget to write some "check on it dates" on the calendar! * New clay pots can "steal" water from roots as the clay molecules rehydrate from firing. ** Scrub mineral deposits and old soil and algal crusts from pots with a stiff-bristled brush. Soak clean pots in 10% sodium or calcium hypochlorite solution (chlorine bleach) diluted to 10% of commercial strength for an hour. Drain, rinse in clean water, and air dry until no trace of chlorine smell remains. It is possible to use undrained containers for bulb forcing, but I do not recommend this until you've mastered forcing at least a few species in ordinary pots-- watering is infinitely trickier in undrained pots. Instead choose a growing pot that will slip into the undrained display container.
3. Chilling period Place the pots in a cool chamber: something with a temperature that can be maintained at 35-40oF. This can be a refrigerator (beware, though, ethylene gas from ripening fruit, esp. apples, can cause flowers to abort), a cold basement or root cellar, a cold frame, or an outdoor trench filled with insulating but non-freezing materials such as straw over a gravel base. A cardboard box stuffed with straw and placed on insulating materials like a couple of inches of styrofoam will provide adequate temperature control in an unheated garage in USDA zones 4 or 5. You will want to be able to check on the pots about once a month. Arrange the pots in the chilling chamber, and remember to give them a drink every month or so. Actual length of the chilling period will depend on planting date and cultivar. In general, pots are ready to be brought on (grown) when the root system is well developed (go ahead, turn out a pot and peek!) and the new shoots are an inch or so high.
4. "Bringing them on" Abnormally high temperatures (for spring bulbs) will lead to loose, floppy growth, and perhaps flower abortion (esp in Iris). 50-55oF is an good growing temperature for most hardy spring bulbs, often obtainable in a bright windowsill, or in a basement under fluorescent light. Put new pots in half-bright light for a couple of days until the shoots green up, then move to a strongly lit cool area to keep growth compact. In general, do not fertilize (if you must, no N-- it makes floppy leaves!). You may also need to do a certain amount of discreet staking: I use chopsticks and a variety of shades of green embroidery floss.
5. Aftercare After bloom has finished, the hardy bulbs are badly exhausted. If you feel morally obliged to save the bulbs, move the pot back to a cool, very bright area and water with a balanced fertilizer solution. As soon as possible, remove the soil and bulb mass and transplant to a discreet location in the service garden where the foliage can be allowed to die off naturally. Transplant to a better location in fall, but do not expect good bloom for 2-3 years.
D. Species and cultivars suitable for forcing Species marked as "Green thumb" require some experimentation and at least a coldframe or cool greenhouse; other species are suitable for growing entirely in the house. A rough pronunciation is given after the genus name; these are "American Botanical Latin", based on Church Latin. European botanists and gardeners tend to use Classical Latin pronunciation, with some slightly different vowel and consonant sounds. For instance, Americans would pronounce "Julius Caesar" as JEW-lee-us SIEZE-er; Classical Latin would be approximately YOU-lee-us KI-sar. ========================================================= BABIANA [Baboon root] rating: Green thumb [bah-bee-ANN-nah] Sunny; Growing temp: 40-50oF 6-10" tall with dark green, pubescent foliage and blue, violet, red or white flowers. 5 bulbs per 4.5" pot, 2.5-3.5" deep, sandy soil mix, strong sun. B. disticha: blue [DIS-tick-ah] B. plicata: violet and blue [pleh-CAH-tah] B. ringens: scarlet [RIN-jens] B. stricta: white with lilac [STRICT-tah] ________________________ COLCHICUM rating: Brown thumb [COAL-chee-come or COAL-key-come] Any light, including none; temps above freezing Technically, a corm. Will bloom sitting on a bookshelf, producing 820 "giant crocus" flowers. Plant outdoors in sunny, well-drained soil, 2" deep. Leaves produced spring and summer. Hardy to southern Canada. C. autumnale var. album: white single [aw-tum-NAH-leh] C. autumnale var. minor: rose-lilac, star-shaped, shorter than C. autumnale. C. autumnale: pink-lavender single C. byzantinum rose-lilac single [biz-zan-TEEN-num] ---Hybrids and cultivars--Autumn Queen (+ Princess Astrid): purple checkered over white Lilac Wonder: late-flowering lilac The Giant: late-flowering lilac-mauve with white base Waterlily: double lavender ________________________ CONVALLARIA MAJUS [Lily of the Valley] rating: Green thumb [con-val-AIR-ee-ah MAY-jus] Shaded window; Growing temp 55-65oF You can buy Lily of the Valley pips prepared for forcing, and even arrange for them to be shipped to you throughout the winter. The prepared pips are easy to grow, and will flower 3 weeks after planting. Maintain a 60-65oF temperature at first, rising to 70oF and full light. It is also possible to grow Lily of the Valley from your own plants: This is much less certain, but fun to try. Treat your Lily of the Valley well the previous growing system, applying a balanced fertilizer several times in the growing season. Before hard frost, select a healthy clump and put it in a dark cool place, watering once a week. About 1 February, bring into light. As the flowering stalks appear, you can separate out the flowering pips from those that are too small to bloom, and put the flowering pips in a container of pebbles and water. Or just let the clump bloom. In the spring, you can set the clump back in the bed for bloom some other year. ________________________ CROCUS rating: Easy [CROW-cuss] Sunny window; Growing temp: 45-55oF Both fall and spring blooming species are available. Fall crocus (Crocus sativus, C. speciosus, C. byzantinus) is potted upon receipt in August or September. Pots will bloom almost immediately in an east-facing window. Remove from the pot after flowering and set out in the garden. Spring flowering crocus includes both species and hybrid crocus. For reasons I do not understand, I've never had luck forcing yellow crocus, though the lavender and white cultivars flower easily. Plant several corms just below the surface of the soil in a 4" pot; hold in the cold until shoots reach about 1.5" (3-4 cm); bring into a dim 50oF room, then to a sunny 55oF window. Higher temperatures can prevent flowering. Children may enjoy "crocus balls"; crocus corms are embedded in sphagnum moss, shaped into a ball, and enclosed in coarse netting or a network of string. The sphagnum ball is moistened, then chilled. Following the pre-chill period, the ball is suspended on a string until bloom. Water by dipping in a bucket, being sure to place a pan on the floor after to catch the drips! ________________________ ERANTHUS HIEMALIS (winter aconite) rating: Experienced [air-AN-thus hi-em-MAY-lis] Shaded window; Growing temp 45-55oF Eranthus hiemalis, winter aconite, forces about 70% of the time for me; I plant the tubers just below the soil surface, and treat as for tulips. They will flower in late January if brought in to a sunny cool window in late December. ________________________ ERYTHRONIUM (trout lily; dogtooth violet) rating: Experienced [air-reh-THRONE-knee-um] Shaded window; Growing temp 45-55oF Most species and hybrids are handled just as for Eranthus; but planted 3" deep, several per pot. ________________________ GALANTHUS (snowdrop) rating: Experienced [ga-LAN-thus] Sunny window; Growing temp 40-50oF Galanthus nivalis [niv-VAL-us] has smaller flowers than G. elwesii [elWES-ee-eye], but both are small charmers with green markings on the perianth that look a bit like rabbits. Plant several to a pot, and force slowly as for tulips. These prefer sun and 45-50o temperatures. Blossoms open in warmth, close in cooler temperatures. This genus will survive and grow if planted in the garden. ________________________ HIPPEASTRUM [Amaryllis] rating: Easy [hippie-AST-rum] Shaded window before flowering, sunny after; Growing temp 65-75oF Standard size: 20-25", blooms 8-10 weeks after planting, 3-4 flowers 5-6" across, per stem. Usually 2 stems per bulb. Plant in potting soil in 4 or 5" clay pots, or several in a larger pot (1/2" between bulbs); 1/3 of bulb above soil. Houseplant fertilizer (10-10-10 or 10-20-20) once monthly from planting to Sept 1. Withhold water gradually, no water from 1 Oct to early or mid-December. Remove yellowed foliage. Temps: 60-70 oF. Sun. Some cvs. will bloom at Christmas if planted mid-Nov. These are marked with an asterisk. Colors in parentheses are the overall impression of flower color from 10 ft. SINGLE STANDARD HIPPEASTRUM Apple blossom: pink stripes over white (light pink) Cantate: fuchsia * Carnival: red with white edge Christmas Gift: white * Cocktail: red with white star Dazzler: white * Desert Dawn: salmon Donau: rosy-red Liberty: red Masai: white with a few scarlet stripes (peppermint stripe) * Milady: pink Minerva: scarlet with white central star; green throat Orange Sovereign: orange Oscar: blue-red Picotee: white with red margin Rilona: peach * Safari: red * Springtime: light pink Star of Holland: red with white star Susan: pink Valentine: med. pink with white central star Vlammenspel: scarlet with white central star * Wedding Dance: white DOUBLE STANDARD HIPPEASTRUM Double Picotee: white with red edge, also red blush on petals Lady Jane: dark coral with a small amount of white striping Pasadena: red with white star "MINIATURE AMARYLLIS" Culture as for standard size Hippeastrum. 15-20" tall, usually 4 flowers per umbel, 2-3 umbels per bulb. Nicest grown in groups of 3-5 bulbs. Charm: orange with yellow-green throat Germa: yellow Pamela: red Scarlet Baby =(+ Gracilis Dulcinea): scarlet Spotty: terra-cotta red with narrow white stripes (light terra-cotta)) ________________________ HYACINTHUS [hyacinth] rating: Easy [hi-ah-SIN-thus] Shaded window while in flower: sunny after; Growing temp 60oF; FRAGRANT You can purchase hyacinths in a number of forms. The quickest to bloom will be "prepared" bulbs of Dutch Hyacinths-- L'Innocence will be in bloom by Christmas if planted by early October. These will bloom about 2-3 weeks before "unprepared" bulbs. If planting bulbs in soil, figure 3 bulbs per 6" pot of the largest size bulbs, 4-6 medium bulbs for a 6" pot. Plant with about 3/4" (1.5 cm) exposed bulb tip. Allow 8-10 weeks of chilling; a bit of leaf and a small tip of flowerbud should be visible before they are removed from the cold. Gradually bring into a 60oF dimly-lit room for growing. When flower stalks are about 4", bring them into full sunlight, but avoid temperatures over about 65oF. Allow 12-16 weeks start to finish. Dutch hyacinths can also be grown in special "hyacinth glasses" in water, and treated much like the soil-grown plants. I have not had as much success with this as with soil culture. Some cultivars suitable for forcing: (Dutch hyacinths that can take water culture are marked with an asterisk*) Ann Marie: single pink; early Bismark; large single sky blue; midseason City of Harlem: soft yellow; late * Grand Maitre: single lavender; midseason Jan Bos: single red; early * King of Blues: single dark blue; late King of Lilacs: light mauve; late * L'Innocence: white single; early if prepared; midseason unprepared * La Victoire: deep red; midseason * Lady Derby: light salmon pink; midseason * Myosotis: single light blue; midseason Ostara: single blue-violet; very early * Pink Pearl: pink single; early Queen of Blues: mid blue; late Queen of Pinks: largest of pinks, late Queen of Whites: late Rosalie: small, bright pink; very early Yellow Hammer: single soft yellow, midseason French-Roman Hyacinths are offered only in color strains of white, pink or blue. These plants should be rooted at 55-60oF, and produce short flower stalks. For continuous bloom from January on, plant every 2-3 weeks. ________________________ IRIS rating: Experienced [EYE-riss] Sunny window; Growing temp: 50-55oF Never allow iris to dry out or the temperature to rise above 55oF, or you will never have flowers. If you can provide these conditions, however, you can easily grow the Dutch Iris cultivars Wedgewood, White Excelsior or Yellow Queen or the tiny Iris reticulata (reh-tick-you-LAH-tah]. These are grown in a sunny window, not prechilled. Feed every two weeks with a balanced fertilizer and salvage for the garden. ________________________ MUSCARI rating: Experienced [muss-CARE-ee] Sunny window; Growing temp: 60oF Two of the best for forcing are 'Early Giant', a large blue,, and Muscari botroides var. album [bot-ree-OY-dees ALB-bum]. Plant several in a 6" pot, just under the soil surface, and root in the cold until the pot is full of roots. Gradually bring into a sunny window of 55-65oF. This species will continue to grow and increase if planted outdoors after flowering. ________________________ NARCISSUS rating: Easy [nar-SIS-us] Sunny window; Growing temp: 55-65oF Force most "non-paperwhites" as you would tulips, choosing varieties noted in the catalog marked as suitable for forcing. There are so many cultivars, I can't begin to list them, but some are: Early: Cragford: white with orange corona; fragrant Forerunner: yellow trumpet Magnificence: golden yellow trumpet Rembrandt: large yellow Midseason: Allard Pierson: yellow corona, white perianth Cheerfulness; double-white; fragrant Early Beauty: yellow corona, white perianth Early Perfection: yellow corona, white perianth Fortune: lemon yellow with orange corona Geranium: white with red corona Golden Harvest: golden yellow Helios: perianth yellow, corona orange Innocence: white with yellow corona John Evelyn: white, frilled corona with orange edge King Alfred: giant yellow La Fiancee: perianth white, corona light orange Laurens Koster: white, red eye; fragrant Mount Hood: creamy white Music Hall: creamy white with yellow corona Scarlet Elegance: yellow with scarlet-bordered corona Von Sion: double yellow Miniature cyclamen species suitable for forcing include N. bulbocodium, the hoop-petticoat narcissus, N. cyclamineus ('February Gold', 'February Silver', 'Beryl' and 'Peeping Tom') and N. triandrus ('Thalia' and 'Moonshine'). ________________________ PAPERWHITE NARCISSUS rating: Novice Sunny window; Growing temp 55-65oF Several umbels of strongly-scented flowers are produced 3-5 weeks after planting. Soil or pebbles or bulb fiber. Room temperature, no prechilling. Sweet odor may be cloying in a small room. No fertilizer. Toss after flowering. If bulbs are not planted immediately, store cool and dry, but does not require refrigeration for storage. (45o-50oF ideal) Erlicheer: cream double Galilee: large, pure white flowers; improved version of old paperwhites. Omri: white flowers with yellow trumpets Soleil d'Or: old favorite yellow; orange trumpet Ziva: white ________________________ PUSCHKINIA SCILLOIDES rating: Experienced [push-KIN-ih-ah skil-LOY-dees] (yep, named for the Russian poet Pushkin) Culture as for Muscari. ________________________ SCILLA rating: Easy [SKILL-ah] or [SILL-ah] Sunny window; Growing temp: 55-65oF Culture as for Muscari. Scilla siberica and S. campanulata (=S. hispanica) are both easy species. ________________________ TULIPA [tulip] rating: novice to experienced [too-LEAP-ah] Sunny window; Growing temp 55-65oF Tulips are classified according to blooming season, doubleness, and species -- most of our garden tulips are of hybrid origin. The garden tulips in the list below are slightly more difficult than paperwhites, but not much... Plant several bulbs per pot in soil, bulbs not quite touching. (usually 6-7 bulbs in a 6" pot, 8-9 in a 7", 9-12 bulbs in an 8" pan) Conventionally, the flat side of the bulb is oriented toward the outside of the pot: the first leaf will appear on this side. Store at 35-50 oF for 12 weeks; you may need to water if the pots dry out in this period. Bring indoors when top growth has reached about 2", gradually bringing them into full sun and 55-65 oF growing temperature. Taller cultivars may require staking. After bloom, toss the bulbs. If you must try to grow them next year, fertilize with houseplant fertilizer, and keep in as cool and sunny a spot as you have until you can transplant (in clumps) to a pre-dug trench in the garden. Be prepared for very disappointing flowering for the next 2-3 years. Cultivars marked "late" in the list below may require longer prechilling, and will bloom about March. As you gain more experience, you can branch out into other classifications of tulips. Some experiments will be rewarding, others, well -- live and learn! ---Singles-- (mostly easy to force; # marks cultivars used for commercial forcing: details available in Ball Red Book. Dates in parentheses denote year of origin. # Albury: red; late All Bright: deep red with white base and ring of pure blue Ambassador: red Anna Jose: pink with white edge, 16-18"; late # Apricot Beauty: apricot, late # Attila: dark lavender; 18-20"; late Attraction: orange scarlet; early # Atom: red; late # Bellona: yellow, 15"; fragrant (outstanding yellow!); early Bestseller: coppery-apricot pink; fragrant, 16-20"; late # Bing Crosby: red # Blenda: rose # Blizzard: white; late Boccherini: lilac blue, 20"; late Brilliant Star: scarlet, 12" Broadway: red with white edging: 16-18"; late # Carl M. Bellman: bicolor, late # Cassini: red # Charles: red Cheerleader: red; 16-20; late # Christmas Gold: yellow # Christmas Marvel: cherry pink, 12 # Comet: bicolor: bicolor Cordell Hull: white, splashed deep cherry red (Rembrandt) # Couleur Cardinal: dark red, 12", fragrant (1845); late Crater: dark red # Danton: red Demeter: violet; early # Denbola: bicolor; late # Diplomate: red; late Don Quichotte: medium fuchsia; 16-18; late Douglas Bader: pale pink; 16-18"; late Dreaming Maid: rosy violet, white edge; 16-18"; late Duc de Berlin: red, edged yellow; early Duc van Tol Scarlet: scarlet; early Duc van Tol White: white, early Early Queen: deep rose; early Easter Fire: red, late, 14-16" # Edith Eddy: bicolor; late Elmus: cherry red, edged pure white Ganders Rhapsody: pink shaded to red edge; 16-18" General de Wet: orange, 13"; fragrant (outstanding); early # Golden Eddy: bicolor; late Golden Glory: yellow, early Golden Harvest: deep lemon Golden Melody: soft yellow, 20", late Ibis: dark rose, 13" # Hibernia: white # Invasion: bicolor Jo-Ann: soft pink, 20"; late # Karel Doorman: bicolor # Kareol: yellow # Kees Nelis: bicolor Keizerskroon: dark rose, edged yellow, 15"; fragrant (1750) King of the Yellows; yellow; early Leen van der Mark: bright red with white edge; late; 22" # Madame Spoor: bicolor # Makassar: yellow; late # Merry Widow: bicolor: red with white margin # Mirjoran: bicolor # Monte Carlo: yellow Mon Tresor: yellow, 12"; early Negrita: deep purple; 18-20"; late New Design: pale yellow, white midpetals, pink edges; 16-20"; late Niphetos: soft lemon; late # Olaf: red Olga: violet red, edged white; early. # Orange Sun: orange, late Orange Wonder: orange, fragrant, 18", late # Ornament: deep yellow; late Page Polka: white with broad pink border; 18"; late # Palestrina: rose; late # Paris: bicolor; late # Paul Richter: scarlet; mid season # Pax: white # Peerless Pink: pink, large flowers, 20"; late Praestens Fusilier: bunch flowering scarlet; February, grow 55-60oF # Preludium: rose Prince Carnival: red/yellow, 15" # Prince Charles: lavender # Princess Irene: orange, fragrant, late; 10-12" Prince of Austria: scarlet, 15" # Prominance: red Proserpine: deep rose; early Queen of Bartigons: salmon pink with yellow stamens # Red Giant: red; late # Robinea: red; late # Stockholm: red Tambour Maitre: red, slight fragrance, 18"; late # Thule: bicolor # Topscore: red # Trance: red Van Der Neer: plum, 12"; fragrant (1860) Vermilion Brilliant: scarlet Victor H. Ries: purple, 16-20"; late # Virtuoso: rose; late White Dream: pure white, 16-18"; late White Dream: white, 20"; late White Hawk: white, 12" Yellow Present: pale yellow, 16-18"; late --Early Doubles Dante: red Mr van Der Hoef: pure yellow Peach Blossom: rosy pink Scarlet Cardinal; scarlet double; early Willemsoord: bright carmine, edged white ________________________ VELTHEIMIA rating: Green thumb [velt-HI-me-ah] Growing temp 50-55oF
Culture as for Hippeastrum; plant in a pot just an inch or so larger than the bulb in November or December. Feed with a balanced fertilizer every couple of weeks until growth starts. A tall stalk with 20-30 long lasting, pinkish flowers will appear. When flowers fade, rest the plant dry in the pot until August or September. ________________________
--Kay Klier From [email protected] Sat Sep 17 12:15:04 EDT 1994 Article: 43662 of rec.gardens Path: bigblue.oit.unc.edu!concert!news.duke.edu!zombie.ncsc.mil!paladin.american.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!agate!usenet From: [email protected] Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: Re: Fragrant Plants - long list Followup-To: rec.gardens Date: Mon, 12 Sep 94 13:57:13 PDT Organization: University of California, Berkeley Lines: 133 Message-ID: <[email protected]> References: <[email protected]> NNTP-Posting-Host: largo.ucop.edu Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII X-Newsreader: NEWTNews & Chameleon -- TCP/IP for MS Windows from NetManage
> From: @ils.nwu.edu (Sandra Burke) > Newsgroups: rec.gardens > Subject: Fragrant Plants - Help > Date: Fri, 09 Sep 1994 11:11:54 -0600 > I am looking to planting shrubs etc in my garden and am interested in > planting shrubs etc that have fragrant foliage or flowers. So far I have > planted honeysuckles, Miss Kim Lilac and MockOrange. Do any of you have > any other suggestions? I hear that certain viburnums are fragrant i.e. > Carlesi and Woodwordi (not sure of spelling). How fragrant are they and do > they make good hedges. Any info on fragrant plants would be much > appreciated. Sandra - Not real detailed, but I thought you (and others) might find this list of fragrant plant to be useful (certainly not very complete, but it is what I have handy from my plant database): ? L UNN Abelia triflora Agastache foeniculum ANISE HYSSOP Allium neopolitanum grandiflorum Amaryllis belladonna NAKED LADY Aquilegia viridiflora Bouvardia longiflora `Albatross' Brugmansia candida ANGEL'S TRUMPET Brugmansia sanguinea Buddleia alternifolia FOUNTAIN BUTTERFLY BUSH Buddleia asiatica WINTER FLOWERING LILAC Cercidiphyllum japonicum JAPANESE KATSURA TREE Cestrum diurnum DAY JESSAMINE Cestrum nocturnum NIGHT BLOOMING JESSAMINE Cestrum parqui WILLOW LEAVED JESSAMINE Chrysanthemum balsamita COSTMARY Clematis montana alba Clematis montana rubens Clematis recta Clerodendrum bungei Clethra alnifolia SUMMERSWEET Convallaria majalis LILY OF THE VALLEY Crinum asiaticum POISON BULB Cyrtanthus mackenii Daphne xburkwoodii `Somerset' Daphne genkwa Daphne odora Daphne odora `Rubra' Dennstaedtia punctilobula HAY SCENTED FERN Dianthus superbus Dolichos lignosus Echinacea purpurea `White Swan' Endymion non-scriptus ENGLISH BLUEBELLS Eucalyptus citriodora LEMON SCENTED GUM Eucharis grandiflora AMAZON LILY Eucryphia xnymansensis `Nymansay' Ferraria undulata Freesia (tecolote) `Talisman' Gladiolus tristis Hemerocallis `Happy Returns' Hemerocallis dumortieri Hermannia verticillata HONEY BELLS Hermodactylus tuberosa WIDOW IRIS, SNAKES HEAD IRIS Hosta `Royal Standard' Hosta plantaginea Hyacinthus azureus albus Iris aucheri JUNO GROUP Iris bucharica Iris hoogiana REGELIA IRIS Iris reticulata `J. S. Dyt' Jasminum xstephanense J. BEESIANUM x OFFICINALE Jasminum beesianum ROSE JASMINE Jasminum polyanthum PINK JASMINE, FRENCH PERFUME Knautia arvensis FIELD SCABIOUS Lachenalia glaucina Lathyrus nervosus LORD ANSON'S BLUE PEA Lilium candidum MADONNA LILY Lonicera japonica `Aureo-Reticulata' Lonicera periclymenum `Serotina' Lonicera sempervirens sulphura Lonicera syringantha `Grandiflora' Mentha requienii CORSICAN MINT Michelia doltsopa Michelia figo BANANA SHRUB Muscari armeniacum `Cantab' Myrtus communis variegata Narcissus xodorus Narcissus gracilis Narcissus tazetta lacticolor Osmanthus delavayi Osmanthus fragrans aurantiacus Pancratium maritimum SEA DAFFODIL Pelargonium capitatum ATTAR OF ROSES SCENTED GERANIUM Pelargonium crispum LEMON SCENTED GERANIUM Pelargonium fragrans NUTMEG SCENTED GERANIUM Pelargonium graveolens ROSE SCENTED GERANIUM Pelargonium grossularioides COCONUT SCENTED GERANIUM Pelargonium nervosum LIME SCENTED GERANIUM Pelargonium odoratissimum APPLE SCENTED GERANIUM Pelargonium tomentosum PEPPERMINT SCENTED GERANIUM Philadelphus xpurpureo-maculatus `Belle Etoile' Philadelphus coronarius `Aureus' Philadelphus karvinskyanus EVERGREEN MOCKORANGE Philadelphus lewisii califorincus `Goose Creek' Philadelphus mexicanus flora pleNA Primula auricula AURICULA, BEAR'S EAR Prostanthera mellisifolia Rosa xdupontii ROSA MOSCHATA x GALLICA Rosa farreri persetosa Rosa foetida Rosa foliolosa Salvia clevelandii CLEVELAND'S SAGE Salvia repens repens Schizopetalon walkeri Stewartia pseudocamellia JAPANESE STEWARTIA Stewartia sinensis Syringa microphylla `Superba' Tagetes lemmonii BUSH MARIGOLD Tagetes lucida MEXICAN TARRAGON Teucrium marum CAT GERMANDER Trachelospermum majus Tulipa celsiana Tulipa saxatilis Tulipa sylvestris Viburnum carlesii `Aurora' Viola alba `Lady Hume Campbell' PARMA VIOLET Wisteria floribunda alba Wisteria sinensis `Caroline' Sean A. O'Hara, 710 Jean St., Oakland, Ca. 94610-1459 [email protected] or [email protected]
From [email protected] Feb 22 13:06:48 1996 Date: Sat, 17 Feb 1996 13:50:37 -0500 (EST) From: "Lawrence F. London, Jr." Subject: Good tools available by mail-order.
This is the Februrary, 1996 update of: ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/academic/agriculture/sustainable_agriculture/ gardening/gardening-faqs/gardening-hand-tools.faq maintained by [email protected] http://sunSITE.unc.edu/london ============================== Agricultural Hand Tool Sources ==============================
Smith & Hawken and A.M. Leonard sell a scythe with a straight snath (lightweight, strong & easy to use) and a grass & grain blade that is thin, long and can easily be sharpened razor-sharp. This tool is perfect for cutting lawns. It _can_ remove weeds/grass right down to the sod. It's fairly easy to maintain the proper stance and swinging motion to cut your grass to a consistant height and in regular arcs that blend together evenly. A wonderful tool, indespensible for the rural dweller and suburban gardener alike. Request a catalog from: Johnny's Selected Seeds Foss Hill Road Albion, Maine, 04910 Customer service: 1-207-437-4301 They supply EARTHWAY and PLANET, Jr. seeders and will, on request give you information on suppliers of other seeders (i.e. a small hand-carried corn/bean seeder. You may want to hybridyze the EW and the P, Jr. when planting small seeds in rough terrain. An organic vegetable grower North Carolina has successfully done this. From: George Stone Newsgroups: alt.sustainable.agriculture Subject: Johnny's Web Page id finished I have finished the initial work to get this page to a presentable form. You may browse all our new products for 1996 with selected pictures as well as request a commercial or home garden catalog on-line. Happy holidays from all of us at Johnnys. http://johnnyseeds.com/seeds From: [email protected] (Jsseeds) Newsgroups: alt.sustainable.agriculture Subject: Johnny's Selected Seeds New Address Date: 4 Sep 1995 19:46:46 -0400 Johnny's now has a new internet E-Mail address. This address can be used to request a catalog or to be added to their mailing list. The address is: [email protected]. >Whole Earth "Ecolog" mentioned five tool suppliers for farm and garden >supplies; my hunch would be try Lehman's Hardware and Appliances, >their catalog is $2.00 from PO Box 41, 4779 Kidron Rd., Kidron OH 44636; >or Cumberland's, catalog $3.00 from rt. 3 box 81, Crossville TN 38555, and >they have a telephone: 615-484-8481. A.M. Leonard 241 Fox Drive P.O. Box 816 Piqua, Ohio, 45356 1-800-543-8955 1-800-433-0633 fax Mostly tree maintenance and nursery equipment, plus miscellaneous excellent gardening/landscaping tools/supplies eye hoes, scythes Mellingers Ohio similar to Leonard Forestry Suppliers, Inc. P.O. Box 8397 205 West Rankin St. Jackson, Mississippi, 39204 "Quality Forestry, Engineering and Environmental Equipment, Shipped Worldwide" tools, equipment and supplies for the forestry industry Langenbach "A Collection of the World's Finest Hand Tools" P.O. Box 453 Blairstown, N.J., 07825 Toll Free: 1-800-362-1991 English-made high quality spades, spade forks, forks and much else Excellent! Smith and Hawken "Tools of the Trade - A Complete Source For the Organic Gardener" Orders: 2 Arbor Lane, Box 6900 Florence, Kentucky, 41022-6900 1-800-776-3336 General info: 25 Corte Madera Mill Valley, California, 94941 1-415-383-2000 Also excellent! you may need to ask them what tools they have for sale that are not listed in their catalogue, held-over stock offered in out-of-date ones i.e. the 4"X7" Japanese field hoe (grub-type eye hoe using 1 3/4" X 54" handle) they used to offer, an indispensible tool! They now offer English Bulldog brand eye hoes; also a complete line of digging forks, digging spades, spade forks, border forks and border spades and straight snath scythe systems. Ben Meadows Company Equipment for Natural Resource Managers 3589 Broad Street Atlanta, Georgia, 30341 1-800-241-6401 Fax: 1-800-628-2068 Mail Order address: P.O. Box 80549 Chamblee, Georgia, 30366 e-mail: [email protected] http://www.benmeadows.com (great Web page!) See pages 132-139 for garden handtools information; see esp. page 134: Adze Hoe & Pic'N Planter tools The Cook's Garden "Seeds and Supplies for the New American Kitchen Garden" P.O. Box 535 Londonderry, Vermont, 05148 802-824-3400 Fax: 802-824-3027 Offers the Korean "HO-MI" hand cultivator (curved trowel/cultivator), well-designed and effective Necessary Trading Co. One Nature's Way New Castle, Virginia, 24127-0305 FAX - 703/864-5186 Phone: 1-703-864-5103 "Natural Solutions for Farm, Home and Garden" Wide range of supplies, books, fertilizers, tools and equipment catalogue headings include: books, composting equipment & supplies, soil testing equipment & supplies, cover crop seeds, fertilizers (their largest offering), pest management supplies and equipment, wild bird supplies, animal care supplies and miscellaneous hand tools. A major supplier, along with Zook & Ranck and Fertrell, for organic farmers and market growers in the Eastern U.S. HARMONY FARM SUPPLY [CAT - $2 deduct. from] P.O. Box 451 [first order] Graton, CA 95444 PEACEFUL VALLEY FARM SUPPLY [CAT - $2 deduct. from] P.O. Box 2209 [first order] Grass Valley, CA 95945 Shepherd's Garden Seeds Shipping Office 30 Irene St. Torrington, Connecticut, 06790 860-482-3638 You might also call the folks at ATTRA (Appropriate Technology for Rural Areas) at 1-800-346-9140. They might have some other names & addresses for you. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------The following list was found in an article posted to the rec.gardens newsgroup: Gardening Hand Tool Mail Order Sources ====================================== 1. P.A. Bonvallet's Sons Inc. R.R. 1 Box 160 St. Anne, IL 60964 Catalog: Free 815-427-8222 Offerings: pots, containers, soil conditioners, fertilizers Comments: wholesale distributor ---------------------------------------------------------------- 2. W. Atlee Burpee & Co. 300 Park Ave. Warminster, PA 18991-0001 Catalog: Free Offerings: seeds, perennials, bulbs, woody plants, supplies Comments: separate seasonal catalogs are available ---------------------------------------------------------------- 3. Dayton Bag and Burlap 210 Dowdle St., Unit 5 Algonquin, IL 60102 Catalog: Free 708-658-8488 Fax: 708-658-4197 Offerings: nursery supplies Comments: wholesale distributor ---------------------------------------------------------------- 4. The Dramm Company P.O. Box 528 Manitowoc, WI 54220 Catalog: Free Offerings: watering tools ---------------------------------------------------------------- 5. Earl May Seed Company 208 North Elm Street Shanandoah, IA 51603-0099 Catalog: Free 712-246-1020 Offerings: woody plants, seeds, perennials, growing supplies ---------------------------------------------------------------- 6. Garden's Alive Hyw. 48, P.O. Box 149 Sunman, IN 47041 Catalog: Free 812-623-3800 Offerings: tools, equipment, IPM supplies, beneficial insects ---------------------------------------------------------------- 7. Gardener's Supply 128 Intervale Rd. Burlington, VT 05401 Catalog: Free 802-863-1700 Offerings: tools, equipment, IPM supplies ---------------------------------------------------------------- 8. Gempler's P.O. Box 270, 211 Blue Mound Rd. Mount Horeb, WI 53572 Catalog: Free 800-328-8473 Fax: 800-551-1128 Offerings: agricultural supplies, protective equipment ---------------------------------------------------------------- 9. Grower's Supply Company P.O. Box 1123 Ann Arbor, MI 48106 Catalog: Free 313-662-6058 Offerings: indoor stands, lights and trays ---------------------------------------------------------------- 10. Henry Field's Heritage Gardens 1 Meadow Ridge Rd. Shenandoah, IA 51601-0700 Catalog: Free 605-665-5188 Offerings: woody plants, perennials, tools, supplies ---------------------------------------------------------------- 11. Innis Violets 8 Maddison Lane Lynnfield, MA 01904 Catalog: $1 617-334-6679 Offerings: African violet growing supplies, high dome terrariums ---------------------------------------------------------------- 12. J. W. Jung Seed Co. 335 S. High Street Rondolf, WI 53956 Catalog: Free Offerings: seeds, woody plants, perennials, tools, supplies ---------------------------------------------------------------- 13. Kinsman Company, Inc. River Road Point Pleasant, PA 18950 Catalog: Free 215-297-5613 Offerings: gardening tools and equipment ---------------------------------------------------------------- 14. A. M. Leonard, Inc. 6665 Spiker Road, P.O. Box 816 Piqua, OH 45356-0816 Catalog: Free 513-773-2694 Fax: 513-773-8640 Offerings: tools, supplies Comments: offers a range of professional tools and equipment for horticulturists ---------------------------------------------------------------- 15. Mellinger's 2310 W. South Range Road North Lima, OH 44452-9731 Catalog: Free 216-549-9861 Offerings: seeds, woody plants, perennials, tropical plants, tools, growing supplies ---------------------------------------------------------------- 16. Midwest Trading P.O. Box 384 St. Charles, IL 60174 Catalog: Free 708-742-1840 Fax: 708-888-3818 Offerings: horticultural supplies, equipment, tools, and structures. Comments: wholesale catalog ---------------------------------------------------------------- 17. Walt Nick Company 36 McCleod Lane, P.O. Box 433 Topsfield, MA 01983 Catalog: Free 508-887-3388 Offerings: gardening tools and equipment ---------------------------------------------------------------- 18. Park Seed Company Cokesbury Road Greennwood, SC 29647-0001 Catalog: Free Offerings: seeds, bulbs, perennials, growing supplies Comments: separate seasonal catalogs offered ---------------------------------------------------------------- 19. Ringer 9959 Valley View Road Eden Prairie, MN 55344-3585 Catalog: Free 800-654-1047 Fax: 612-941-5036 Offerings: tools, equipment, growing supplies, IPM supplies Comments: offers a range of organic lawn and garden products ---------------------------------------------------------------- 20. Smith And Hawkins 25 Corte Madera Mill Valley, CA 94941 Catalog: Free 414-383-2000 Offerings: tools, gardening supplies, furniture ---------------------------------------------------------------- 21. Wayside Gardens 1 Garden Lane Hodges, SC 29695-0001 Catalog: $1 800-845-1124 Offerings: perennials, woody plants, growing supplies Comments: illustrated catalog ---------------------------------------------------------------- 22. Wingert Pottery 1185 Atlantic Dr. West Chicago, IL 60185 Catalog: Free 708-293-9097 Fax: 708-293-9114 Offerings: clay pots, garden ornaments Comments: an extensive selection of clay pots, wholesale and retail, a division of Ceramo Company, Inc.
: Lawrence F. London, Jr., Venaura Farm, Chapel Hill, NC USA [email protected], [email protected] http://sunSITE.unc.edu/london/The_Sustainable_Farmstead.html http://www.interpath.net/~london Organic Gardening & Permaculture Information : Title: Gardening Software FAQ Filename: gardening-software.faq Archive site: sunSITE.unc.edu FTP Path: pub/academic/agriculture/sustainable_agriculture/gardening /gardening-faqs/gardening-software.faq [get GUIDE for more information on archives] Last Update: Feb. 10, 1995 Faq Maintainer: Lawrence London, [email protected] Shareware and Commercial Software For Landscape Design, Garden Planning, Nursery and General Horticultural Use ======================================================= (List 1) The following list with comments was supplied by Fred Christiansen: ------------------------------------------------------------------# NAME MY EXPERIENCE $ 13 Expert Home Design by SoftSync Limited functionality $ 13 Expert Landscape by SoftSync $ 25 FloorPlan by ComputerEasy $ 30 ProShape for Windows (shareware) Decent draw program $ 37 Home: Bathroom by Generic $ 37 Home: Home by Generic $ 37 Home: Kitchen by Generic $ 37 Home: Landscapes by Generic $ 39 KeyCAD by Softkey Used to be shareware $ 43 DYOH: Architecture by Abracadata Good value! Object-oriented $ 45 DreamHouse Pro by ComputerEasy $ 45 Home: Deck by Autodesk $ 45 Home: Home by Autodesk $ 45 Home: Landscape by Autodesk $ 49 DYOH: Interiors by Abracadata $ 49 DYOH: Landscape by Abracadata $ 50 FloorPlan Plus by ComputerEasy Decent but somewhat buggy $ 75 TurboCAD by IMSI Harder to learn than I tolerate $ 99 Windows Draw by MicroGrafx $119 EasyCAD by Evolution Harder to learn than I tolerate $146 AutoSketch by Autodesk $175 DesignCAD 2D by ASBC $230 AutoSketch for Windows by Autodesk $259 DrafixCAD by Foresight $285 Generic CADD by Generic $349 MacDraft for Windows by IDD Excellent! Object-oriented Some of these, such as MacDraft, are good enough to produce drawings suitable for submission to city building plan inspectors *IF* you can find a plotter. I couldn't; it cost me $500 to have a draftsman copy my work onto 2'x3' vellum. Note that low end products are just suitable for reasonably precise drawings of your ideas to give to a real drafter. If any software can save in DXF format, most blueprinters have AutoCAD and can load and print. Sometimes they can accept HPGL print files. Otherwise, tape 8.5x11's together and they can be blueprinted in two steps. --------------------------------------------------------------------(List 2) Gardening/horticulture/landscaping/nursery software from HORTLINE BBS Directory AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURE SCIENCE Number | File Directory Area Descriptions | 1 | American Society for Horticultural Science Information 6 | Graphics and Statistical Programs 7 | Chemistry, Biochemistry and Genetic Files 8 | Instrumentation, Interfacing and Data Collection 9 | Horticulture (Ornamentals, Vegetables, Fruits) 10 | Food, Nutrition, Exercise and Health 11 | Education Programs and Foreign Language Tutorials 12 | USER UPLOADS Directory 9 - Horticulture (Ornamentals, Vegetables, Fruits) AGPRGS.ZIP 140818 11-05-88 Farm management (feed & livestock) Collection of miscellaneous IBM-Basic sub-routines DESIGN.ZIP 9999 01-19-88 Apple Production & Profitability (BASIC) (HortScience 21:1176-1177 - L.L. Creasy) EPITHET.ZIP 52773 08-27-88 Epithet finder for plant names. A fast computer directory to Latin and Latinized plant epithets. (TCR shareware) FASTKEY.ZIP 47995 08-27-88 Key out woody landscape plants quickly. A quick key to woody landscape plants, using 4 vegetative (leaf) characteristics for identification. (TCR shareware) GARDEN.ZIP 3445 12-08m8> Plan your garden -- BASIC program (crude but effective) GARDENER.ZIP 50073 04-28-88 Garden planning program (w/Pascal listing) GARDPRO.ZIP 47846 08-27-88 Calculate garden productivity. A garden productivity calculator for determining the efficiency and productivity of vegetable & fruit gardens. (TCR shareware) [some information on GPLAN and GASSLIB was lost due to line noise, entries reconstructed from memory and with guesswork] GASSLIB.ZIP 170385 10-02-88 The Gardener's Assistant An interesting garden planning program which accounts for crops planted, family size, garden size and geographical area. GPLAN.ZIP 86067 08-27-88 The Garden Planner Plan your garden/nursery/greenhouse space. Garden Planner provides over 60 easy to learn commands to draw vegetable gardens and other row crops. (TCR shareware) SHORT.ZIP 39075 08-27-88 sHORThand (tm) program to create job lists. sHORThand is used to produce job lists of horticultural activities. A useful tool for research supervisors, landscape foremen, farm managers, and curators. (TCR shareware) TREELAB.ZIP 100776 08-27-88 Tree Trivia GTREE TRIVIA GAME has over 400 questions on plants, people, places and facts on culti[vars] DELUXE HORTICULTURAL LABELER is a 2-line label printing program with a built-in database of 200 woody plant scientific names & 200 common names. (USDA zones 2-7). (TCR shareware) Welcome to the HortLine BBS! The American Society for Horticultural Science BBS 300/1200/2400 bps - (703) 836-2418 113 South West Street, Suite 400, Alexandria, VA, 22314-2824 ------------------------------------------------------------------(List 3) Shareware: (many of these programs are available for download from the Agricultural Library Forum BBS at the National Agricultural Library) PLAN-IT.ZIP GPLAN.ZIP GARDASST.ZIP GARDENER.ZIP PLANTMAN.ZIP LNDSCPMN.ZIP -------------------------------------------------------------------(List 4) Commercial: 1) for IBM and older Macs(OS 4.5 or earlier): "The Garden Manager" Garden Manager Jeff Ball and Gary Gack. P.O. Box 338 Springfield, Pa., 19064 I think this is the one also available from Ortho as: "Ortho's Computerized Gardening" from: Chevron Chemical Co. 6001 Bollinger Canyon Rd. San Ramon, Ca., 94583 2) for IBM and Mac "Hortis Opis", plant finder & reference list J. Mendoza Gardens, Inc. 18 East 16th St. New York, N.Y., 10003 3) for Apple/Mac "Mum's the Word", planning tool with drawing program (scaled drawings) & information database Terrace Software P.O. Box 1236 Cambridge, Mass., 02238 4) for IBM "The Plant Database Library", computerized plant encyclopedia, landscape plant selector, & garden notebook Taxonomic Computer Research P.O. Box 12011 Raleigh, N.C., 27605 5) operating system unknown "Just the Right Rose", database of 600 roses, old and new varieties. Rosebud 3707 SW Coronado St. Portland, Oregon, 97219 6) for IBM "Infopoint Software Finder", basic database of plant and bulb information, cultural data, & mailorder sources Infopoint Software P.O. Box 83 Arcola, MO, 65603 7) for IBM "Gardenview", garden planning and design program; 3-dimensional color graphics, 380-plant database, "Time Display" feature displays plant growth changes during the seasons of the year and at times in the future. Other features: ability to change viewing angle in drawing, edit and add to database, save or print drawings. SOURCE UNKNOWN 8) freeware for MAC "Garden Stack", freeware Garden Stack designed by Frank Grimes, simple and elegant little garden organizer: First Card, the Database, and the Garden Card. Educorp 531 Stevens Ave.#B Solana Beach, CA, 92075 Request: "Productivity Stack #7406" For more information see: "The Growing Edge" Magazine Vol.2 #1, Fall 1990, see pps. 28-35 $4.95, The Growing Edge, New Moon Publishing, Inc. 215 SW 2nd St., Suite #201, Corvallis, Oregon, 97333 503-757-0027; published quarterly The Agricultural Library Forum (ALF) BBS sponsored by the National Agricultural Library in Beltsville, Md. makes most of the shareware listed above available for download. They can be reached at these numbers 24 hours @ 1200-2400-9600 baud. Landscape Plant Manager Version 1.00 Plant Information System by Robert W. Boufford Feris State College Ornamental Horticulture Technology program Department of Biological Sciences Big Rapids, MI 49307 The Landscape Plant Manager is a specialized computer information management program for use in horticulture education programs and the landscaping industry. The prime goal of LPM is to be a plant selector to assist you in the selection of plants based on design criteria. LPM was developed as an alternative to constantly paging through nursery catalogs and plant manuals when trying to find plants for a particular landscape situation. The Landscape Plant Manager will allow you to: -Add, delete and modify information about plants used in the landscape. -Search for plants based on scientific name or common name. -Search for plants matching one or more design criteria for use in the landscape TCR GARDEN PLANNER Horticultural Shareware from TAXONOMIC COMPUTER RESEARCH This program is being distributed as shareware. If you find it useful, please send $39.00 to: Taxonomic Computer Research P.O. Box 5747 Raleigh, North Carolina 27650-5747 TCR Garden Planner provides over 60 easy to learn commands to draw vegetable gardens and other row crops. It allows full use of multiple color combinations/monochrome tones and most ASCII symbols for maximum contrast. Many commands operate from function keys and all have plain English names like plant, delete, path, bed, wall, label, titleblock, grid, color, etc. It has also been useful for drawing nursery fields and greenhouse space. TCR Garden Planner consists of the following files: GPLAN.EXE TCR GARDEN PLANNER - 60+ commands to draw vegetable gardens, greenhouse beds, nursery fields, and other row crops. Print manual below and type 'help' in the program for list of commands. GPLAN.DOC ASCII format manual for above. Load into any wordprocessor as an ASCII, unformatted, or non-document file. Repaginate, format margins, format page length, and print. Can be printed from DOS: A> type gplan.doc >prn COMMAND.GAR sample garden plan that can be loaded with gplan.exe. Shows basic commands. *.gar extension for plans saved by gplan.exe GARDENVIEW 5.1 for EGA/VGA PCs. Complete plant database plus 32,000 colour 3D design capability. $195. Free information. MINDSUN, RD2, Box 710, Andover, NJ, 07821 (201) 398-9557 CHIP (Computerized Horitcultural Information Planner) Over 5,000 plant profiles cross-referenced for your needs for an "Achievable Paradise." Demo disk available for $25. IBM compatible Call or write for free brochure: Paradise Information, Inc., P. O. Box 1701, East Hampton, NY 11937. (516)324-2334 or (800)544-2721 MUM's THE WORD Integrated plant database and garden design software. Symbol library, colour or B/W. FOR MACINTOSH. Terrace Software, P.O. Box 271, Medford, MA 02155 (617)396-0382 Gardenview ($195,IBM): This program has drawing and design function and a 450-plant modifiable zoned plant list;features ed color drawings of flowers vegies and landscape plants and shows the landscape changin colors with the seasons. Mindsun 1-201-398-9557 LandDesigner $89,IBM) This design program has a modifiable zoned plant list ($34 extra). I calculates how many plants are needed to fill an area and the approx cost. Green Thumb Software 1-303-460-8384. Design Your Own Home Landscape ($99, Mac, IBM) Abracadata Ltd PO Box 2440 Eugene OR 97402 Mum's the Word Plus ($165, Mac) 600 plant database. Terrace Software 1-617-396-0382. Hortis Opis ($250, IBM) A 2k plant nonmodifiable database and journal program for trees, shrubs, vines and grasses. J. Mendoza Gardens, 1-212-989-4253. Rosebud ($44, IBM) A 700-rose database that lets you search for 50 characteristics such as color, fragrance,size,thpe and disease resistance. Rosebug 1-503-245-0546 Perpetual Garden Journal and Reminder System ($29, IBM) A program for keeping gardening notes. Complete with horticulture tips and a search function. Double_Pawed Software 432 Bigelow Hollow Rd. Eastford CT 06242 Plant Doctor ($64, IBM) Diagnoses vegetables, fruit and nut diseases. Elemental Software 1-802-755-0701. Gardenfind ($39, IBM) An index of the articles tipss and letters in six gardening magazines from '89 to '91. Gardenfind Magazine Index 1-206-743-6605. To learn more about these products read the March/April issue of National Gardening 1-802-863-1308. Retyped from Thursday/May7/1992/STAR TRIBUNE, from the Cox News Service. Green Thumb Software, Inc. of Boulder has announced LandDesigner-Pro, a powerful CAD software program developed for landscape design. The tool enables landscaping professionals to quickly produce high-quality designs for landscapes, gardens, walkways and sprinkler systems on a personal computer. More than 300 pre-drawn symbols for plants and other landscaping materials are included and 12 layers are available for use as overlays to keep designs organized. Call 1-800-336-3127 for information. When I was at MacWorld a couple of weeks ago, I saw a demonstration of a package by Alias called UpFront. This has to be the most useful program I have ever seen (commercially available) for architecture. It is so flexible, they call it the world's first 3D napkin! It is fast, and does shading and shadows. The commercial price was about $800 list, with substancial educational discounts available also. If you are not familiar with Alias, they are the leaders in 3d technology, and their programs are widely used to create special effects in the film industry (examples being Terminator 2 and the Abyss) There is also a new program for the Mac called "Sprout!". I've seen it for sale in MacWarehouse. Here's the blurb: Sprout helps you plan your vegetable garden graphically on your Mac. It comes with editable vegetable databases for seven regions, complete with information on planting and harvesting times, normal yields, preferred soil pH, spacings for seeds, rows and plants, and cool vs. warm seasons. A planting tool snaps to the correct row and plant spacings, then fills in the row with plant symbols. Rulers and guides in various scales simplify designing your garden. Its from Abracadata, and it sells for $45. From: [email protected] (Jay Hipps) Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: Re: Lanscape Software Date: 3 May 1994 12:13:53 -0700 : >Does anyone know of software that will allow to me select trees, shrubs,etc. : >and visually represent what they may look like in 1,2,5,10, 25 years. The latest MacConnection catalog lists two products. The first, FLOWERscape, is $48 and allows you to view month-to-month growth. Here's their blurb: "Beautiful plant photos and easy to use menus let you create a realistic, year-round garden on your computer before spending a cent [on plants, anyway ;)]. Simply enter your geographic location and FLOWERscape recommends which plants are suitable for your garden. Select plants by color, size, scent, drought tolerance, and more." (More stuff deleted.) Requires color monitor (256 colors), 1.5 M RAM, and *9.5 Megs* HD space. The second product sounds more like what you're looking for and is (of course) more expensive at $75. "Design breathtaking gardens with an integrated plant database, drawing program, and landscape symbol library. Terrace Software's "Mum's the Word Plus" helps you visualize different landscapes and plan healthy, long-lasting gardens. Its extensive database of perennials, trees, shrubs, grasses, herbs, ground covers, and annuals provides information on plant appearance, culture, uses, drought tolerance, and more." (more stuff deleted.) I haven't used either of these, so I can't give a first-hand review. They both come with a 30-day money back guarantee, however. :) I'm hoping for "SimGarden," myself. "Month 3: One of your nursery purchases contained some Bermuda grass roots which are now sprouting in sector H-5. How do you respond?" Jay Hipps [email protected] -=*=-
From: [email protected] Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: Re:landscaping software Date: 3 May 94 12:41:50 -0230 NDT I recently purchased LandDesigner for Windows puto ut by Green Thumb Software. It has quite a numbero f features, including over 300 pre-drawn symbols, an integrated plant database (available plant libraries as well). It also has a grow feature which allows you to see what your plans and plants will look like in 5 or 10 years. It also has budgeting features and can layout a sprinkler system. I'm only now getting into using it but I don't find it too difficult at all . I paid about $80.00 Canadian for it at a local software house so I don't think it is too difficult to find. I'd like to now if anyone else enjoys this software. Simone
Newsgroups: rec.gardens From: [email protected] (Jon Meyer) Subject: Re: garden software Date: Fri, 27 May 1994 05:36:50 GMT There is a program called `Sprout!' which is sold by Abracadabra, Ltd. It is a graphical based program for designing your garden. It has a number of plant databases that contain all sorts of info on flowers and veggies. You use a mouse to draw plots of various crops. It will even tell you the yield of veggies for a given area of planting. The screen is scaled in feet or meters (your choice). When you have finalized a design you can print it out. It will also produce a seed list (the number of seeds that you will need for each type of plant) that corresponds to the size of plots that you drew. Here's there address: Abracadabra, Ltd. PO BOX 2440 Eugene, OR 97402 Jon Meyer [email protected] | [email protected] [email protected] | (^.^)
Newsgroups: rec.gardens From: [email protected] (Abracadata Ltd.) Subject: Description and location of SPROUT! demo. Design your garden! Summary: Powerful gardening tool!!! Keywords: garden Date: Wed, 1 Jun 1994 06:54:00 GMT Sprout!(R) is a "ground breaking" program to help you plan your vegetable garden and schedule planting times. Its unique planting planting tool produces a graphic, scalable garden plan with correct plant and row spacing. Visualize how your garden will look before it is planted. Easy-to-use design tools help you effortlessly draw garden layouts. There are an unlimited number of scale choices available for each unit of measurement (inches, centimeters) allowing for a wide range of plot sizes. You can even use it for a small farm! It's packed with useful growing information. The program includes an edible database of over 80 vegetables for seven climate regions, complete with all the growing information needed to plan next year's harvest. A yield estimate, shopping list of seeds, pH chart, planting and harvest calendar is provided. In addition to a climate map of the United States, there are climate maps of Canada and Europe. Organize your planting information in one handy location each year to help you plan for successful crop rotations and to schedule successive plantings. ** SPECIAL OFFER!! ** Take $15.00 off the retail price of SPROUT! when you purchase it from this catalog. This program is available for the following systems, and requirements are listed. Retail: Windows: Windows 3.1 or higher. $59.95 DOS: Dos 3.3 or higher, 640k, hard drive, and mouse. $59.95 Mac: 1 MB RAM, hard drive recommended. $79.95 Demo filename: spr(dos,mac).zip * Macintosh Demo coming soon! Keep checking in!! This file is available on anonymous FTP site efn.org in /pub/abra. Just go into the directory with your system type (i.e. DOS, MAC, etc) and the demo file will be there! From: John Hovan Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: Master Gardener Software Date: 3 Jun 1994 15:30:29 GMT PRESS RELEASE COMPANY: ROSETTA STONE INFORMATION SYSTEMS DATE: APRIL 1994
INTRODUCING: MASTER GARDENER, TREES AND SHRUBS v1.0 for the Apple Macintosh computer: Master Gardener v1.0... ...allows you to plan your landscape shrubs and trees before you head off to the nursery. ...gives you access to over 400 color images with the click of a mouse. ...provides you with Latin pronunciations of more than 600 trees and shrubs. ...allows you the freedom of visualizing gardening information in new ways by using the powerful search capabilities which even the best gardening books cannot provide. ...gives you the power to view trees and shrubs by common name or scientific name. Personally, this is the most exciting features of this CD has to offer after the personal disappointment of wading through endless gardening books with terrible indexes. ...has one of the worlds most complete greenhouse supplier database with vendor phone numbers. ...as an added bonus allows you access to information such as State Trees, a compost calculator, common vendors in the gardening industry, botanical gardens in the US. and a complete section of gardening terms along with definitions.
Imagine being able to.... ...create a list of all the trees and shrubs that grow in Zone 5, have yellow color, grow taller than 15 feet, are deciduous and drought tolerant! It would take a Master Gardener or nursery expert hours to compile such a list that this software will provide to you in minutes! ...create the perfect carbon to nitrogen ratio in your compost pile to make compost in half the time with an exacting recipe. The compost calculator in Master Gardener lets you do just that along with allowing you to add you own materials with their specific carbon and nitrogen ratios. ...teach and show your children or students some of the beauty that nature has to offer. ...have at your fingertips the definitions of over 100 gardening and botanical terms. If you are as excited a gardening enthusiast as I am, I know you will love this product!
TO ORDER YOUR COPY AND TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE INTRODUCTORY PRICING: (Suggested Retail Price is $29.) Send $18.00 which includes $3 for shipping to: Rosetta Stone Information Systems PO Box 1488 Pflugerville, TX 78691 If you would like more information on the Master Gardener Software or if you would like to sell Master Gardener in you Nursery Center or Gardening Catalog, call (512) 251-9009.
Sincerely, John Lincoln Hovan Gardener and President of Rosetta Stone Information Systems
A DOS version may be available in the future. Macintosh is a trademark of Apple Computer Corporation
Newsgroups: rec.gardens From: [email protected] (Cheryl Sue Gatling) Subject: Re: garden software Date: Fri, 3 Jun 1994 22:51:23 GMT The Better Homes and Gardens Special Interest Publication: Garden Products and Planning Guide (available at newsstands now) has an article called "Go Green on the Screen". It lists four software programs. Sprout!, Abracadata, Ltd., P.O.Box2440, Eugene, OR 97402; 800/451-4871 LandDesigner, Green Thumb Software, Inc., 75 Manhattan Dr., Suite 100, Boulder, CO 80303; 800/336-3127 Design Your Own Home-Landcape, Abracadata, address and phone above Landscape, Autodesk Retail Products, 11911 North Creek Pkwy., S, Bothell, WA 98011; 800/223-3601. I haven't tried any of these, so I can't comment on if they're any good, but it's a place to start. Cheryl Gatling
From: [email protected] (Karen Fletcher) Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: Re: Landscape Design Software Date: Tue, 23 Aug 1994 22:56:04 GMT >I'm looking for some advice on a software package for landscape design. >Locally I've seen a couple of programs: > Home Landscape from Autodesk > Landscape Designer from Green Thumb Landscape Designer is a very nice CAD program for home use. The price is right ($32 at Best Buy for mine) and it includes a plant library from White Flower Farm. If you're looking for 3D you'll have to move up into the professional CAD programs. I think there's a Pro version of Landscape Designer. E-mail me if you have any specific questions. I'm planning to do a review of Landscape Designer (in my copious spare time ;-) sometime in the next month. Karen Fletcher [email protected]
Newsgroups: rec.gardens From: [email protected] (Lucius L. Lockwood) Subject: Re: Landscape Design Software Date: Thu, 25 Aug 1994 15:43 mst > >I'm looking for some advice on a software package for landscape design. > >Locally I've seen a couple of programs: > > Home Landscape from Autodesk > > Landscape Designer from Green Thumb I have used Home Landscape from Autodesk, although not the latest version. I was satisfied with the results, which printed out a very nice landscape plan on my old 9-pin printer. The program was a bit difficult to use, but after a while noodling around with it, I was able to find my way around it. I was frustrated with the lack of an ability to pan or to selectively zoom out. I was also frustrated with the inordinate amount of time the program takes to "snap to the closest point" when the drawing is farily busy [it is fast when there is not much in memory]. The user interface needs some polish, but other than that, it did the job that I wanted it to do. Opinions expressed are Mine - Take 'em or Leave 'em. [email protected] USDA Zone 9 Arid Monsoonal
From: [email protected] (Margaret Bergen) Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: Re: Landscaping software Date: 15 Sep 94 00:11:52 GMT
>Does anybody know of any Landscaping or gardening software for IBM or >Mac? I have friend that is about to get into that business and would >like to be able to design things on her computer. Any help would be >greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance. I just graduated form a Landscape Architecture program and the software they use are Landcadd and Autocad (They work together). Thats quite expensive though - I think a couple thousand dollars. I'm not sure, but I think they now have a version of Landcadd that will work without Autocad, but I'm not sure of the price. I remember seeing a special price for Landcadd for students. The # for landcadd is 303-799-3600. I don't really know about any other software, but I'm sure that there is some that is cheaper. I do remember seeing some in stores. -- From: [email protected] (Karen Fletcher) Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: Re: Landscaping software Date: Thu, 15 Sep 1994 00:33:22 GMT >Does anybody know of any Landscaping or gardening software for IBM or >Mac? I have friend that is about to get into that business and would >like to be able to design things on her computer. Any help would be >greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance. LandDesigner for Windows is a good place to start. About $35 (I got mine at Best Buy). It has a nice set of features for a small CAD program, including a White Flower Farm searchable plant library. You can graduate to the professional version later. Green Thumb Software. If you're interested in a review of FLOWERscape, a flower garden design program, check out the WWW site - The Garden Gate. http://prairienet.org/ag/garden/homepage.html There is an illustrated version of the review available under Illustrated Ereviews. Karen Fletcher [email protected] ========================================================================== Logging no computer time until it's too dark to garden... ========================================================================== http:www.prairienet.org/ag/garden/homepage.htm, The Garden Gate
Newsgroups: rec.gardens From: "curt carlson" Subject: Re: Landscaping software Date: Thu, 15 Sep 94 8:24:53 PDT >Does anybody know of any Landscaping or gardening software for IBM or >Mac? I have friend that is about to get into that business and would >like to be able to design things on her computer. Any help would be >greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance. I just picked up a copy of LandDesigner for Windows from Green Thumb; I believe they have a "professional" version as well. It's easy to use, contains a database of plants/shrubs from Whiteflower Farms, and additional DBs are available. The one thing I wish it did is "grow" a plan over a single year to show flowering seasons. Curt Carlson [email protected]
Article 44301 of rec.gardens: From: [email protected] (Roberta Norin) Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: Re: Landscaping software Date: 20 Sep 94 19:36:12 GMT [email protected] (Karen Fletcher) writes: >>Does anybody know of any Landscaping or gardening software for IBM or >>Mac? I have friend that is about to get into that business and would >>like to be able to design things on her computer. Any help would be >>greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance. Mum's the Word Plus is a landscape design program for the Macintosh. It combines an object-oriented drawing program with a extendible plant database (625 plants) and a landscape symbol library (over 100 symbols to start). Search for plants by color, size, culture, etc. and then drag the plant you want to your design and click. The plant symbol for the plant is drawn at the correct scale. It is labeled and a planting list is maintained. Double-click the planted symbol to view the plant information. Add your own plants to the database and your own symbols to the symbol libray. Search the drawing with database search criteria to highlight all plants of a particular kind and/or color. Many other features. In full color or Black and white. It lists for $119.00 but is available for less through MacConnection. For more information, contact:
Terrace Software P.O. Box 271 Medford, MA 02155 (617) 396-0382
Roberta Norin
Article 44343 of rec.gardens: From: [email protected] (Karen Fletcher) Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: Re: Plant Identification Software II Date: 22 Sep 1994 00:36:29 GMT Organization: Prairienet, the East-Central Illinois Free-Net
Several programs have a database feature. The one I like best is the White Flower Farm Plant library that is part of LandDesigner for Windows from Green Thumb Software (my copy was $32 at Best Buy).. There is a simple program call Landscape and Herbaceous Plant Manager Database which lets you select according to a wide variety of characteristics. This is available on Compuserve on the Gardening Forum. I haven't found an FTP site for it. FLOWERscape by Voudette is a garden design program which allows selection of flowers by various criteria. If you are Web-enabled, check out the illustrated online review at the Garden Gate (URL below). Neat program. Has a Mac version, too. I have heard (but haven't seen) that Better Homes and Gardens (?) has a gardening CD out. No idea what the features are.
-Karen Fletcher [email protected] * Logging no computer time until it's too dark to garden... * ************************************************************************ The Garden Gate http://www.prairienet.org/ag/garden/homepage.htm
Article 44649 of rec.gardens: From: [email protected] (Roberta Norin) Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: Re: Plant Identification Software II Date: 26 Sep 94 16:02:49 GMT
>I am looking for a program that will give you plant suggestion >based upon certain criteria. Example - Sunny, well-drained soil, >flowering, shrub would be typed in and list of plants meeting these >would pop up on screen. Probably would be a CD-ROM. Oh, and if the >people from Sunset read this, the Book would be great on CD-ROM, if it >does not exist. Try Florafile for Windows from Terrace Software. It does just what you are asking for. It comes with over 600 plants and you can add your own plants. $49.00. Terrace has a similar product for the Mac where the plant selection software is combined with a landscape design program. It is called Mum's the Word Plus and its retail price is $119.00. I am the author of these two programs. Roberta Norin Terrace Software PO Box 271 Medford MA 02155 617-396-0382 [email protected]
Article 44568 of rec.gardens: Newsgroups: rec.gardens From: [email protected] (Brendan Light) Subject: Re: Software for plants--IT EXISTS Date: Sat, 24 Sep 1994 18:55:24 GMT I know of two above average CD-ROMS for plants, that i have and can vouch for. The first is "The Exotic Garden" from VT productions. This was a VERY hard find that I just happened to luck upon. I've never seen it in a store, anywhere. Very summary info but on many different plants. Tons of good pictures and good searching. Only drawback is that you will be surprised how many plants were not included. Even so, it is incredible. VT Productions, Inc. P.O. Box 339 Soquel, CA 95703
The second one is the Complete Guide to Gardening by Better Homes & Gardens, widely available. Again, the info is much too encapsulted, but another must have. I feel this one is aimed at the browner, less-experienced thumb, and simply won't answer those tough questions you're looking for. I know there is a demand for high level help in gardening, but enough to go to ther real effort? I'd love to hear your opinions on what SHOULD be included in a high-end gardening disk. These are just a couple of treasures I thought I'd share. [email protected]
Newsgroups: rec.gardens From: [email protected] (Don Burns) Subject: Plant Databases Date: Sat, 24 Sep 1994 23:33:56 -0400 Recently someone in this group asked about programs that would facilitate the search of a database given particular plant characteristics. The program would then present names of plants approximating the selected parameters. I recently received the info below which you may find of interest. Note the last sentence. > Landscape Plant Manager > Version 1.00 Plant Information System by Robert W. Boufford Feris State > College Ornamental Horticulture Technology program Department of > Biological Sciences Big Rapids, MI 49307 The Landscape Plant Manager is a > specialized computer information management program for use in > horticulture education programs and the landscaping industry. The prime > goal of LPM is to be a plant selector to assist you in the selection of > plants based on design criteria. LPM was developed as an alternative to > constantly paging through nursery catalogs and plant manuals when trying > to find plants for a particular landscape situation. The Landscape Plant > Manager will allow you to: -Add, delete and modify information about > plants used in the landscape. -Search for plants based on scientific name > or common name. -Search for plants matching one or more design criteria > for use in the landscape -- Don Burns | Motorola E-Mail: epur01 Motorola Inc. | Internet: [email protected] Energy Products Division | Voice: 305-475-5518 Plantation, FL U.S.A. | Fax: 305-475-6095
From: [email protected] (Stavros Macrakis) Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: Re: Plant Identification Software II Date: 29 Sep 1994 17:57:55 GMT
> Try Florafile for Windows from Terrace Software. It does just what you > are asking for. It comes with over 600 plants and you can add your > own plants. $49.00. 600 plants isn't very many. The American Horticultural Society's Encyclopedia of Garden Plants covers about 8,000 plants, with photographs of about 4,000. Of these, probably over 600 fit the proposed criterion "Sunny, well-drained soil, flowering, shrub"! You don't get arbitrary search criteria, but it is well organized and indexed(*) so in practice you can find plants meeting given criteria pretty easily. In particular, there is an index where you can find a list of recommended shrubs adapted to dry shade, etc. The price is about the same as the Florafile program described above.
-s
(*) Actually, only the 4,000 plants that have photos really benefit from their full organization; the other 4,000 are only listed alphabetically by genus and species. Still, 4,000 well-indexed plants is almost seven times as many as the Florafile program.
From: [email protected] (Dave Skinner) Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: Re: Landscape software for 10 acre planning Date: 30 Sep 1994 22:33:36 -0400 I just bought a copy of Garden Architect for Windows. I think it might cover your needs. It was only $15 at Software, Etc. It has a very small plant database, but it can accept add-ons, and it does allow you to see what the landscape looks like at yearly intervals of growthn. For $15, it's no big investment, and a lot of fun to experiment with.
Newsgroups: rec.gardens From: [email protected] (Roshini Joseph) Subject: LandScape Sofware - Trees Database Keywords: Landscape Trees Database Date: Mon, 31 Oct 1994 14:12:16 GMT
I recently obtained TreeSelect (for Windows) put out by The Larch, Inc. It is a database of over 800 trees of the US. It can be searched by pointing and clicking from a screen that offers over 50 selections. These include Zone, Use, Flowers, Fall color e tc., The on-help was pretty useful and extensive. It has a section devoted to the basics of landscaping with trees. I find it extremely easy to use, I paid around $30 for it mail order. The number I called was 1-800-315-SOIL
From: [email protected] Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: Looking for gardening shareware Date: Wed, 04 Jan 95 17:09:03 PDT Can anyone help point me in the direction of any of the following? The Garden Guide (GARDEN15.ZIP) Hortman (HTMN11.ZIP) Organize your plants (PLANT560.ZIP) Growit MkII (GROWIT2A.ZIP and GROWIT2B.ZIP) I was told they are all shareware and available on finer computer bulletin boards and servers everywhere, but I haven't been able to locate any of them through an archie search of ftp sites, a FAQ hunt or a www search (a www shareware archive called SHASE looks promising from the outside, but I haven't been able to access it).
From: Jeff Martini Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: Re: Garden/Landscaping Design Software for Windows Date: 5 Jan 1995 20:35:35 GMT >Can anyone provide any recommendations for flower garden/landscaping >design software for MS Windows There is a CDrom for Windows that covers everything you asked for. I am not sure if the program comes on diskette though. The company is called BOOKS THAT WORK. I couldn't tell you how good it works, I'm waiting for the MAC version to come out. I also don't have an postal address for the company, but I do have an email address of the marketing guy: Tom Bradshaw [email protected]
From: [email protected] (Paul Postuma) Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: Plant growing software Date: 8 Jan 1995 04:06:31 GMT I don't know any of the software packages you mention. However, One shareware program I do know, called Grow'Em, 'cause I wrote it. Though version 3.0 isn't yet ready for distribution (another few months), I'm willing to release 2.1 to the public domain. It's a vast improvement over version 1.0 though it lacks the digitized pictures, and obviously some of the information, contained in 3.0.
From: [email protected] (Scott J. McCue) Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: Re: Landscape Software Date: 9 Jan 1995 16:38:44 GMT I'm also curious about net-folk experiences with landscape software. Looking through the Mac sw catalogs (I suspect the original poster wants sw for an Intel box), I see the following offerings: "Design Your Own Home: Landscape 2.0" "Mum's the Word Plus" "Key CAD Complete for the MacIntosh" includes a symbols pkg. Date: Mon, 2 Jan 95 7:40:01 EST From: Marwood Subject: Re: Garden/Landscaping Design Software for Windows There is, in fact, another package which was not mentioned which I have seen for sale locally here. It is called "3-D Landscape". It may, possibly, be an evolution of one of the packages which was mentioned. I have found that there is a demo version available from gardening.com which gives some idea of its capabilities. Newsgroups: rec.gardens From: [email protected] (Dick Gilman) Date: Mon, 23 Jan 1995 22:46:56 GMT Subject: Re: Garden/Landscaping Design Software for Windows There are two programs that I found. LandDesignerpro - Green thumb software - 75 manhattan dr. ste 100 boulder co 80303 - 800-336-3127 - 303499-1388 price 395.00 call for information Landcadd for windows - 7388 s revere pkw bldg 900 ste 901-902 englewood co 80112-3942 phone 800-876-5263 - 303-799-3600 This package works under autocadd as well as windows. This is a very high level package. They will send demos out of both to show results. I have ordered the demos and will let you know. From: [email protected] (Melissa C. Hicks) Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: Re: Best CD-ROM IBM gardening software? Date: Mon, 23 Jan 95 17:30:16 EST
Daniel Woodard ([email protected]) wrote: > Can any of you give me an idea of what the best CD software for > gardening is? Thanks! I don't know which software is best. But, I did read a review of "Better Homes and Gardens Complete Guide to Gardening" (Windows/Mac), which recommended it as an excellent source for garden neophytes. For more information contact Multicom Publishing (800)850-7272. I hope this is helpful. Melissa [email protected] From: Bill Terrill Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: Re: Garden Software Date: Wed, 25 Jan 95 20:47:53 -0500
Try "The Gardeners Asst. & Landscape Plant Manager" I got them at Wal-mart They are shareware. Wal-mart had them on the shareware counter and they were put there from Goodtimes Software. Goodtimes phone number 212-951-3126. Hope this helps. BTW, I think I paid less than $10 for the packet but you should register if you like it and continue to use it. From: [email protected] (Shawn Wakefield) Newsgroups: alt.landscape.architecture Subject: Re: Software suggestions? Date: 7 Feb 1995 05:29:53 GMT Green Thumb. For a design program. Excellent. $1000.00 for design and irrigation program. Data bases for your zones, Parts inventory, does cost break down. Bids your job, changes are easy and re bids. Professional. Call Green Thumb for free demo disk, Green Thumb Software, Inc Attn; Bruce Miller 75 Manhattan Drive Suite 100 Boulder, CO 80303 (303)499-1388 EXT 103 Let him know Shawn Wakefield referred you. Maybe I can get a free shirt. I was impressed. End Feb. 10, 1995 Update Article 180 of alt.landscape.architecture: Path: bigblue.oit.unc.edu!concert!rutgers!uhog.mit.edu!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!panix!zip.eecs.umich.edu!newsxfer.itd.umich.edu!agate!news.duke.edu!news-feed-1.peachnet.edu!gatech!howland.reston.ans.net!EU.net!sun4nl!news.iaf.nl!system32.media-gn.iaf.nl!user From: [email protected] (Michel Witter) Newsgroups: alt.landscape.architecture Subject: Software for garden design & growing Date: Sat, 04 Mar 1995 21:13:52 +0100 Organization: The Katharos Foundation Lines: 20 Message-ID: NNTP-Posting-Host: system32.media-gn.iaf.nl Hello, A very good friend of mine is looking for some (Macintosh) software on garden design and plant/tree information/growing. She found out that a PC program exists called Gardentime 2.0 by Swan (?) Can anyone give her a clue where to find some info on Mac-version software? Please reply by email to the address below (Sig.). Greetings, Michel.
+ Michel M.L. Witter + [email protected] The Katharos Foundation Be UYSE + Use Your Sensory Equipment +
Article 55460 of rec.gardens: Path: bigblue.oit.unc.edu!concert!news-server.ncren.net!news.duke.edu!agate!howland.reston.ans.net!news.sprintlink.net!uunet!in1.uu.net!nntp.cac.washington.edu!defurst From: [email protected] () Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: Re: Botanical Software??? Date: 18 Feb 1995 16:54:34 GMT Organization: University of Washington Lines: 59 Message-ID: <[email protected]> References: NNTP-Posting-Host: carson.u.washington.edu I believe the new and soon-to-be-released DCROM version of Sunset's Garden Book meets most if not all of your criteria, however it covers plants most suitable for the US West. In addition, I have found these products, looking since ~August/94: Hort-A-Sort ($69.95) from Birdbrain Software easily wins the silliest name award, but its 2,000 plant encyclopedia shows an intelligent mind under the humor. Hort-A-Sort is divided into nine databases, but they seem more logical than Flower Finder's three -- flowering plants, for example, are lumped together, with separate categories for cacti and succulents, alpine and rock plants, herbs and everlastings, etc. No plants can be added, and the biggest drawback is you can only search by one criterion at a time. This is laborious (and searches are slow even in the small-sized demo version I reviewed), but help menus are onscreen to list choices. Herb information was especially good, and there are plant sources for all entries. Hort-A-Sort Birdbrain Software S74 W20800 Field Dr. Muskego, WI 53150 === Plant-finder programs are enormously useful, integrating lots of encyclopedic information, a definite advantage over paging through scattered books and catalogs, and good systems make searches fast and efficient. The Cadillac of the plant-finders is Hortis Opis ($250). Only Volume I is available, with 5,000 trees, shrubs, vines, bamboos and grasses. Complete with cultivars and vendor sources, it's a computerized catalog. (Unfortunately, Volume II -- annuals, perennials, bulbs, roses, ferns -- may be awhile, and vegetables aren't even planned.) Easy and well designed, Hortis Opis has 18 search criteria with pop-up help menus, a gratifying feature. Plant information is meticulous and exhaustive, with a pop-up journal for notes. If you could add plants to this magnificent encyclopedia, Hortis Opis would be perfect. Hortis Opis J. Mendoza Gardens 18 E. 16th St. New York City, NY 10003 212-989-4253 ************* If you receive other inforomation directly, would you repost it or forward it to me as well? Thanx. In article , Grahame Rumsby wrote: >Does anyone know of either CD or regular software that has photos, >descriptions, latin as well as common plant names that are searchable and able >to be cross referenced??? >Have been looking 4 some time but not 2 lucky as of yet.. > >Thanx, > >Grahame
Article 55365 of rec.gardens: Path: bigblue.oit.unc.edu!concert!gatech!usenet.ufl.edu!usenet.eel.ufl.edu!usenet.cis.ufl.edu!caen!math.ohio-state.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!news.sprintlink.net!sundog.tiac.net!kc.tiac.net!user From: [email protected] (Kevin Crader) Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: Re: Horticulture database Date: Sun, 19 Feb 1995 22:45:40 -0500 Organization: The Internet Access Company Lines: 26 Message-ID: References: <[email protected]> <[email protected]> NNTP-Posting-Host: kc.tiac.net In article <[email protected]>, [email protected] (PhilSeib) wrote: > Garden Database... I have begun something similar - but using Filemaker > Pro (MAC, but runs on MAC-Wannabees as well). Tedious and time > consuming... I can appreciate anyone who has accomplished this before and > would also be quite willing to buy one when found... Have you tried 'PlantBase 1.5'? It's a FileMakerPro database of over 1,000 plants (mostly woodies, vines, etc.) that I downloaded about a year ago from your very own AOL FileMaker area. I liked it so I bought the full version, and now that I tweaked it to suit my needs I love it! Simple design, works well. Try the keyword "FILEMAKER" at AOL I don't know if the folks who wrote it are still around - -they haven't responded to recent email but they are: Intuitive Workings [email protected] 303-973-2837 I'd send you the demo but I trashed it long ago. Along with AOL (not that there's anything wrong with AOL). Nothing's the same after you've drunk from the Net with a SLIP/PPP firehose... Kevin
Article 55264 of rec.gardens: Path: bigblue.oit.unc.edu!concert!gatech!nntp.msstate.edu!emory!swrinde!howland.reston.ans.net!news.sprintlink.net!uunet!newstf01.news.aol.com!newsbf02.news.aol.com!not-for-mail From: [email protected] (PhilSeib) Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: Re: Horticulture database Date: 18 Feb 1995 20:59:07 -0500 Organization: America Online, Inc. (1-800-827-6364) Lines: 11 Sender: [email protected] Message-ID: <[email protected]> References: <[email protected]> Reply-To: [email protected] (PhilSeib) NNTP-Posting-Host: newsbf02.mail.aol.com GANTT chart can be created in EXCEL by using stacking bar chart format, using first data column (in spreadsheet) for elapsed time from a start date (such as January 1st) and then setting this first fill pattern in the chart to "none" so that it becomes invisible... I use this format in interior design/architecture practice for project scheduling... Good luck! Phil
Article 57278 of rec.gardens: Path: bigblue.oit.unc.edu!concert!news-server.ncren.net!taco.cc.ncsu.edu!gatech!swrinde!sdd.hp.com!hplabs!hplextra!news.dtc.hp.com!col.hp.com!fc.hp.com!pld From: [email protected] (Paul Dineen) Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: Re: 'Garden in Time' software beta tests - please read Date: 3 Mar 1995 23:38:57 GMT Organization: HP WRCO, Fort Collins, CO Lines: 10 Message-ID: <[email protected]> References: Reply-To: [email protected] NNTP-Posting-Host: hpfcpld.fc.hp.com X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.2 PL0.8] Rick Gebethner ([email protected]) wrote: : A few weeks ago I posted a request for participants in a beta testing : program for 'Garden in Time' 3D flower garden design software. ... : I will be setting up a home page and ftp site over the next few weeks : which will give you a flavor of what 'Garden in Time' is all about. If : you can't wait until then, then email me. Have you set up the home page yet?
Article 5775 of bionet.plants: Path: bigblue.oit.unc.edu!concert!hearst.acc.Virginia.EDU!portal.gmu.edu!europa.chnt.gtegsc.com!news.sprintlink.net!its.hooked.net!webe.hooked.net!not-for-mail From: [email protected] (Tim Johnson) Newsgroups: bionet.plants Subject: Ethnobotanical Database: Newsletter #1 Date: 20 Mar 1995 20:37:19 -0800 Organization: Hooked Lines: 42 Message-ID: <[email protected]> NNTP-Posting-Host: webe.hooked.net OVERMIND #1 HERBAGE: ANSWERS TO FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS The most recent version of Herbage (version 1.1) is a DOS program that allows searches of a very large database of plants both commonplace and exotic. You can search in 10 categories, including nutrition information, native range and habitat, traditional uses as treatment for specific illnesses, and mail-order sources. The information focuses on the human uses of plants that have stood the test of time. Many of the plant uses described in the database date back thousands of years. The shareware (demo) version of the program has been posted on Simtel, and is available from the various Simtel mirror sites around the world. One of them is oak.oakland.edu. You can obtain it by using anonymous FTP login to oak.oakland.edu / simtel / msdos / biology. The demo version contains information on 262 plants. Feel free to copy and redistribute this version of Herbage. The registered version has information on 662 plants, and is available from Overmind Software for $15. Overmind Software does not currently accept credit cards, but this will are planning to add this service in the next few months. Our address: Overmind Software 1388 Haight St. #161 San Francisco, CA, 94117 USA email: [email protected] We are accepting bids from programmers who would like to port the C source code for Herbage to the Macintosh and UNIX environments. If you are interested, please send a resume to one of the addresses listed above, and include information on desired compensation. What is "Overmind"? - it is the consciousness the human species as a whole, or something like that. There is more information about this in a book: The Archaic Revival, by Terence McKenna (p. 159, pub: Harper, San Francisco).
From [email protected] Apr 9 22:35:57 1995 Date: 12 Mar 1995 12:38:56 GMT From: Koeltz Scientific Books Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: FREE GARDENING SOFTWARE we have several shareware and free gardening software programs available for downloading from our windows based bulletin board. you must get our client program first in order to access our bbs and get these programs. this program is available on the internet via www http://www.prairienet.org/business/koeltz/homepage.htm not html! programs include medicinal plants & uses, vegetable garden plotter, flower garden plotter and database, herbal plants uses, plus internet addresses for botanists, biologists guide to the internet, etc . and our botany books catalogs of course. -- ********************** Koeltz Scientific Books USA ********************** * www.prairienet.org/business/koeltz/homepage.htm phone 217-355-9331 * * email: [email protected] BBS Modem (DirectDial) 217-355-4532 * *************************************************************************
From [email protected] Apr 9 22:45:08 1995 Date: 14 Mar 1995 14:11:09 GMT From: Karen Fletcher Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: FYI: Gardening software reviews on the WWW Since there have been a lot of questions lately, here are a couple of starting points. Both are available via The Garden Gate, on the new Gardening Software page:
FLOWERSCAPE: An illustrated e-review. The Garden Gate's own review of a garden design program for PC and Mac.
"A Look at Landscape and Gardening Software" http://www.wimsey.com/tcp/Jan95/Gardening.html By Martin P. Waterman. From Canada's _The Computer Paper_, this article discusses software programs for garden layout and design.
Karen Fletcher [email protected] ========================================================================== The Garden Gate http://www.prairienet.org/ag/garden/homepage.htm The Garden Gate at SunSITE http://sunsite.unc.edu/garden-gate/homepage.htm The Garden Spider's Web http://mirror.wwa.com/mirror/garden/spdrsweb.htm
Article 55460 of rec.gardens: Path: bigblue.oit.unc.edu!concert!news-server.ncren.net!news.duke.edu!agate!howland.reston.ans.net!news.sprintlink.net!uunet!in1.uu.net!nntp.cac.washington.edu!defurst From: [email protected] () Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: Re: Botanical Software??? Date: 18 Feb 1995 16:54:34 GMT Organization: University of Washington Lines: 59 Message-ID: <[email protected]> References: NNTP-Posting-Host: carson.u.washington.edu I believe the new and soon-to-be-released DCROM version of Sunset's Garden Book meets most if not all of your criteria, however it covers plants most suitable for the US West. In addition, I have found these products, looking since ~August/94: Hort-A-Sort ($69.95) from Birdbrain Software easily wins the silliest name award, but its 2,000 plant encyclopedia shows an intelligent mind under the humor. Hort-A-Sort is divided into nine databases, but they seem more logical than Flower Finder's three -- flowering plants, for example, are lumped together, with separate categories for cacti and succulents, alpine and rock plants, herbs and everlastings, etc. No plants can be added, and the biggest drawback is you can only search by one criterion at a time. This is laborious (and searches are slow even in the small-sized demo version I reviewed), but help menus are onscreen to list choices. Herb information was especially good, and there are plant sources for all entries. Hort-A-Sort Birdbrain Software S74 W20800 Field Dr. Muskego, WI 53150 === Plant-finder programs are enormously useful, integrating lots of encyclopedic information, a definite advantage over paging through scattered books and catalogs, and good systems make searches fast and efficient. The Cadillac of the plant-finders is Hortis Opis ($250). Only Volume I is available, with 5,000 trees, shrubs, vines, bamboos and grasses. Complete with cultivars and vendor sources, it's a computerized catalog. (Unfortunately, Volume II -- annuals, perennials, bulbs, roses, ferns -- may be awhile, and vegetables aren't even planned.) Easy and well designed, Hortis Opis has 18 search criteria with pop-up help menus, a gratifying feature. Plant information is meticulous and exhaustive, with a pop-up journal for notes. If you could add plants to this magnificent encyclopedia, Hortis Opis would be perfect. Hortis Opis J. Mendoza Gardens 18 E. 16th St. New York City, NY 10003 212-989-4253 ************* If you receive other inforomation directly, would you repost it or forward it to me as well? Thanx. In article , Grahame Rumsby wrote: >Does anyone know of either CD or regular software that has photos, >descriptions, latin as well as common plant names that are searchable and able >to be cross referenced??? >Have been looking 4 some time but not 2 lucky as of yet.. > >Thanx, > >Grahame
Article 55365 of rec.gardens: Path: bigblue.oit.unc.edu!concert!gatech!usenet.ufl.edu!usenet.eel.ufl.edu!usenet.cis.ufl.edu!caen!math.ohio-state.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!news.sprintlink.net!sundog.tiac.net!kc.tiac.net!user From: [email protected] (Kevin Crader) Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: Re: Horticulture database Date: Sun, 19 Feb 1995 22:45:40 -0500 Organization: The Internet Access Company Lines: 26 Message-ID: References: <[email protected]> <[email protected]> NNTP-Posting-Host: kc.tiac.net In article <[email protected]>, [email protected] (PhilSeib) wrote: > Garden Database... I have begun something similar - but using Filemaker > Pro (MAC, but runs on MAC-Wannabees as well). Tedious and time > consuming... I can appreciate anyone who has accomplished this before and > would also be quite willing to buy one when found... Have you tried 'PlantBase 1.5'? It's a FileMakerPro database of over 1,000 plants (mostly woodies, vines, etc.) that I downloaded about a year ago from your very own AOL FileMaker area. I liked it so I bought the full version, and now that I tweaked it to suit my needs I love it! Simple design, works well. Try the keyword "FILEMAKER" at AOL I don't know if the folks who wrote it are still around - -they haven't responded to recent email but they are: Intuitive Workings [email protected] 303-973-2837 I'd send you the demo but I trashed it long ago. Along with AOL (not that there's anything wrong with AOL). Nothing's the same after you've drunk from the Net with a SLIP/PPP firehose... Kevin
Article 55264 of rec.gardens: Path: bigblue.oit.unc.edu!concert!gatech!nntp.msstate.edu!emory!swrinde!howland.reston.ans.net!news.sprintlink.net!uunet!newstf01.news.aol.com!newsbf02.news.aol.com!not-for-mail From: [email protected] (PhilSeib) Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: Re: Horticulture database Date: 18 Feb 1995 20:59:07 -0500 Organization: America Online, Inc. (1-800-827-6364) Lines: 11 Sender: [email protected] Message-ID: <[email protected]> References: <[email protected]> Reply-To: [email protected] (PhilSeib) NNTP-Posting-Host: newsbf02.mail.aol.com GANTT chart can be created in EXCEL by using stacking bar chart format, using first data column (in spreadsheet) for elapsed time from a start date (such as January 1st) and then setting this first fill pattern in the chart to "none" so that it becomes invisible... I use this format in interior design/architecture practice for project scheduling... Good luck! Phil
From Sun Jan 21 12:15:11 1996 Date: Fri, 19 Jan 96 20:12:32 -0800 From: RJ <"> To: [email protected] Subject: Gardening software.FAQ I am relaying this information to you, not as an advertisement, but instead for your general information, as your address was listed at the top of the recently posted FAQ entitled GARDEN SOFTWARE, Gardening in rec.gardens. We have developed and have marketed for three years a landscape program called Lafayette Landscape Designs (LLDesigns). To date, over 600 plants (mainly at this time for Northern gardens) have been rendered in full color. The images show excellent detail and clarity, and can be scaled to-size over scanned background images, such as of a house or yard. This software was originally developed by us for use with customers at our retail bedding plant and perennial business in northeast Ohio. Rather than CAD type images, these drawings are botanically correct, elevation views of plants, drawn to-scale with each other, and drawn in and out of bloom. Using the supplied art program, NeoPaint by NeoSoft (c) 1995, LLDesigns provides an easy-to-use way of seeing what a design will really look like before planting. We offer both a professional version, (also available in separate packages for woody plants; annuals, and bulbs, and perennials), and a homeowners version. For further information, we can be reached at . Coming soon will be a web site at http://www.NE1.bright.net//lldesign/ We can also be reached by calling 1-800-60-PLANT. We would appreciate being mentioned in future updates of the FAQ. Thank you for your help in this matter. RIC & RHONDA JONES
> I want to buy a scythe. To cut a very small lawn with. Who sells a > decent, but reasonably-priced one? Smith & Hawken and A.M. Leonard sell a scythe with a straight snath (lightweight, strong & easy to use) and a grass & grain blade that is thin, long and can easily be sharpened razor-sharp. This tool is perfect for cutting lawns. It _can_ remove weeds/grass right down to the sod. It's fairly easy to maintain the proper stance and swinging motion to cut your grass to a consistant height and in regular arcs that blend together evenly. A wonderful tool, indespensible for the rural dweller and suburban gardener alike. [email protected] Agricultural Hand Tool Sources Request a catalog from: Johnny's Selected Seeds Foss Hill Road Albion, Maine, 04910 Customer service: 1-207-437-4301 They supply EARTHWAY and PLANET, Jr. seeders and will, on request give you information on suppliers of other seeders (i.e. a small hand-carried corn/bean seeder. You may want to hybridyze the EW and the P, Jr. when planting small seeds in rough terrain. An organic vegetable grower North Carolina has successfully done this. >Whole Earth "Ecolog" mentioned five tool suppliers for farm and garden >supplies; my hunch would be try Lehman's Hardware and Appliances, >their catalog is $2.00 from PO Box 41, 4779 Kidron Rd., Kidron OH 44636; >or Cumberland's, catalog $3.00 from rt. 3 box 81, Crossville TN 38555, and >they have a telephone: 615-484-8481. A.M. Leonard 241 Fox Drive P.O. Box 816 Piqua, Ohio, 45356 1-800-543-8955 1-800-433-0633 fax Mostly tree maintenance and nursery equipment, plus miscellaneous excellent gardening/landscaping tools/supplies eye hoes, scythes Mellingers Ohio similar to Leonard Forestry Suppliers, Inc. P.O. Box 8397 205 West Rankin St. Jackson, Mississippi, 39204 "Quality Forestry, Engineering and Environmental Equipment, Shipped Worldwide" tools, equipment and supplies for the forestry industry Langenbach "A Collection of the World's Finest Hand Tools" P.O. Box 453 Blairstown, N.J., 07825 Toll Free: 1-800-362-1991 English-made high quality spades, spade forks, forks and much else Excellent! Smith and Hawken "Tools of the Trade - A Complete Source For the Organic Gardener" Orders: 2 Arbor Lane, Box 6900 Florence, Kentucky, 41022-6900 1-800-776-3336 General info: 25 Corte Madera Mill Valley, California, 94941 1-415-383-2000 Also excellent! you may need to ask them what tools they have for sale that are not listed in their catalogue, held-over stock offered in out-of-date ones i.e. the 4"X7" Japanese field hoe (grub-type eye hoe using 1 3/4" X 54" handle) they used to offer, an indispensible tool! The Cook's Garden "Seeds and Supplies for the New American Kitchen Garden" P.O. Box, 535 Londonderry, Vermont, 05148 Offers the Korean "HO-MI" hand cultivator (curved trowel/cultivator), well-designed and effective Necessary Trading Co. One Nature's Way New Castle, Virginia, 24127-0305 FAX - 703/864-5186 Phone: 1-703-864-5103 "Natural Solutions for Farm, Home and Garden" Wide range of supplies, books, fertilizers, tools and equipment catalogue headings include: books, composting equipment & supplies, soil testing equipment & supplies, cover crop seeds, fertilizers (their largest offering), pest management supplies and equipment, wild bird supplies, animal care supplies and miscellaneous hand tools. A major supplier, along with Zook & Ranck and Fertrell, for organic farmers and market growers in the Eastern U.S. HARMONY FARM SUPPLY [CAT - $2 deduct. from] P.O. Box 451 [first order] Graton, CA 95444 PEACEFUL VALLEY FARM SUPPLY [CAT - $2 deduct. from] P.O. Box 2209 [first order] Grass Valley, CA 95945 You might also call the folks at ATTRA (Appropriate Technology for Rural Areas) at 1-800-346-9140. This free information service funded by the USDA might have some other names & addresses for you. E.G. GEIGER 1-800-4GEIGER supplier of tools to the trade -
From [email protected] Apr 9 21:49:44 1995 Date: Wed, 8 Mar 1995 13:43:51 -0800 From: Brian Lo Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: FAQ: Herbs Herbs Herb production may be for culinary purposes (food flavoring), for scents and fragrances (potpourris), for medicinal uses or others (dyes, dried floral arrangements etc). Herb producers often grow for all these markets, and some herbs may be used for all these purposes. Some of the most popular culinary herbs grown commercially and by home gardeners and hobbyists are: Basil, cilantro (coriander), chervil, dill, oregano, mint, parsley, rosemary, sage, tarragon and thyme. Information on herbs may be obtained from library references, seed catalogues, special garden books and some public bulletins. Because of the highly special nature of herb production, public bulletins are minimal and the information contained in them is very general. For these reasons, this document will only give a limited amount of general information on culinary herbs or those that may be used for culinary and other uses. Medicinal herbs are so specialized and often controversial that mention of their use will be ancillary, and only if the herb is also used for culinary purposes. Herbs most commonly grown in the Pacific Northwest are mostly adapted to sunny or occasionally mostly sunny, warm locations. Those listed are generally adapted to a wide range of soil types. Herbs need minimal irrigation, particularly as they mature and their aromatic and flavor compounds are developing. Fertilizer requirements are basic, usually being limited to N, P, and K. In some cases lime is needed to maintain soil pH near neutral, but most are adapted to a wide range of soil pH. (5.5-7.5). Nitrogen is usually applied at 75-150 lbs./acre depending on the harvested product (leaves or seeds). Timing of nitrogen applications is dependent on whether the species is annual, biennial or perennial. Phosphorous is applied at 50-200 lbs./acre and potassium at 0-150 lbs./acre depending on the above-mentioned characteristics of the crop and soil test. Few pesticides are registered for use in herb production. In some cases special restrictions apply to the use of pesticides in products that will be concentrated (distilled or processed in certain ways. Harvest timing and equipment are also specific to the herbs being produced. Often, considerable hand labor is required in production and harvest operations, particularly when the marketable leafy portions of some must be separated from stems, or where only the floral parts are required. Small motorized clippers are often used as harvester aids. Sometimes, when seeds are the marketable product, combines, often specially adapted, are used. Where the distilled oil is the marketable product, there are those who provide custom distillation using portable or stationary stills. The harvested product often requires immediate special handling such as drying, separation of leaves or seed, and temporary packaging storage to best preserve its color, aroma, flavor, the integrity of its appearance and sanitary condition. The following is a tabular listing of some of the herbs that may be produced in the Pacific Northwest, a brief description, their taxonomic classification, common synonyms, general uses, and production considerations. Five characteristics or cultural practices considerations are coded and separated by backslash (/). The codes are represented as follows: Life cycle: annual (a)/ biennial (b)/ perennial (p). Established by: Seed (s)/ divisions (d)/ cuttings (c)/ or transplants (t). Planting time: Spring (sp)/ after frost danger (af)/ fall (fa). Plant size: as listed next. Preferred site: Full sun (fs)/ part shade (ps)/ also a potted plant (pot). Uses are represented by the column headings: Flavorings (FLA), tea (TEA), fragrances (FRA), ornamental (ORN) and folk medicine (MED): NAME/SYNONYMS Latin name USES (cycle/establishment/time/size/location) FLA TEA FRA ORN MED Angelica Angelica spp. an herbacious aromatic herb. about 50 spp. Sometimes planted for bold ornamental effects. Angelica Angelica archangelica (b/s/fa/6-7'/ps, fs) x x x x Anise Pipinella spp. Herbacious perennials and sometimes annuals numbering about 75 species of which only anise is cul tivated. Anise Pimpinella anisum (a/s/sp/1.5'/ms, fs) x x x Anise-hyssop/anise mint, Korean mint Agastache foeniculum (p/s/sp,fa/3-4'/fs) x x x x x Balm (see lemon balm)
NAME/SYNONYMS Latin name USES (cycle/establishment/time/size/location)* FLA TEA FRA ORN MED Basil Ocimum spp. About 60, little-known species of which only basil is im portant. More than a dozen types are grown for seasoning and their pleasing fragrance. Only the mored common ones are listed. Frost sensitive. Basil, bush O. bascilicum (a/s/sp-af/1'/fs) x x Basil, cinnamon O. basilicum (a/s/sp-af/2'/fs) x x x Basil, Genovese/sweet Italian O. basilicum (a/s/sp-af/2'/fs) x x x Basil, purple ruffles O. basilicum (a/s/sp-af/1.5'/fs) x x Basil, licorice O. basilicum (a/s/sp-af/2'/fs) x x Basil, sweet Ocimum basilicum (main basil used) (a/s/sp-af/2'/fs) x x x Basil, lemon O. basilicum citrodorum (Sweet Dani - new, true breeding variety from Purdue University New Crops Center) (a/s/sp-af/2'/fs) x x x x Basil, dark opal O. basilicum purpurescence (a/s/sp-af/1'/fs) x x x Basil, sacred O. basilicum sanctum (a/s/sp-af/2'/fs) x x x x Basil, spicy globe O. basilicum minimum (a/s/sp-af/6"/fs, pot) x x x Bee Balm (see Bergamot) Bergamot/beebalm Monarda didyma (p/d,s/sp/2'-4'/fs,ps) x x x Borage Borago officinalis (a/s,t/sp-af/2'/fs) x x x
NAME/SYNONYMS Latin name USES (cycle/establishment/time/size/location) FLA TEA FRA ORN MED Burnet salad Sanguisobia minor (p/s/sp/1'/fs) x x Calamintha (see Savory) Calendula, pot marigold Calendula officinalis both orange and yellow types available. (a/s/sp/1'-2'/fs) x x x Caraway Carum carvi (a,b/s/sp,fa/2'-3'/fs) x x Catnip Nepeta cataria (p/s,t/sp/2'-5'/fs) x x x x x Chamomile Matricaria recutita an important medicinal plant. Chamomile/German chamomile Matricaria recutita (a/s,d/sp/2'-3'/fs) x x x x Chamomile/Roman chamomile Chamaemelum nobile (p/s,d/sp,fa/1'/fs) x x x x Chervil Anthriscus cerefolium (a/s/sp/1'-2'/ps,fs) bolts easily x x x x Chives Allium schoenoprasum (p/s,d/sp/1'/fs,pot) x x Chives/Chinese garlic/garlic chives Allium tuberosum (p/s,d/sp,fa/1'/fs,pot) x x Citronella (see lemongrass) Cilantro Coriandrum sativum (the Spanish name for coriander, grown for the fresh leaves); bolts at high temperatures. Use bolting resistant varieties, or grow during cool weather. (a/s/sp,af/1'-2'/fs,ps,pot) x x x Coriander Coriandrum sativum (same as cilantro but grown for its seed) (a/s/sp/3'/fs) x x x Cress, curly, garden, pepper-grass Lepidium sativum (b/s/sp/6"/fs,pot) x NAME/SYNONYMS Latin name USES (cycle/establishment/time/size/location) FLA TEA FRA ORN MED Cress, water Nasturtium officinale (p/s/sp/6"/fs) x Cress, winter/upland, Barbarea vulgaris (b,s/sp,6"/fs,pot) x Cumin Cuminum cyminum (a/s/sp/1'-2'/fs) like coriander x x Dill Anethum graveolens (a/s/sp/2'-3'/fs) x x x Fennel, Florence Foeniculum vulgare dulce (perennial, but grown as an annual) Grown for its bulb. Zefa fino (Royal Sluis) best root type evaluated, and resistance to bolting (Indiana). Days from seeding to harvest range from 100 to 120. (p,a/s/sp/3'-4'/fs) x x x Fenugreek Trigonella foenum-graecum (a/s/sp/1'-3'/fs) x x x Geranium, scented Pelargonium spp. Warm areas. Several forms and hybrids include: Rose scented P. capitatum, nutmeg P. fragrans, apple P. odoratissimum, lemon P. crispum, pine-scented P. denticulatum, mint P. tomentosum and others! (p/c/sp/1'-3'/fs,pot) x x x x Horehound, white Marrubium vulgare (p/s/sp/2'-3'/fs) x x x x
Hyssop, blue Hyssopus officinalis (p/s,c,d/sp/2'-3'/fs) x x x x Lavender, true Lavandula vera, and more than 28 other species. Two main species, Lavandula latifolia (spike, sweet, lavender) and L. angustifolia (English/French lavender) and their hybrids (some sterile) are used in commerce. (p/c,s/sp/2'-3'/fs) x x x x x
NAME/SYNONYMS Latin name USES (cycle/establishment/time/size/location) FLA TEA FRA ORN MED Lemongrass/citronella Cymbopogon sp., primarily East Indian Cymbopogon flexusus, and West Indian Cymbopogon citratus Lemongrass (p/d/sp/3'/fs,pot) not winter-hardy x x x x Lemon Balm Melissa officinalis (p/s,c,d/sp/1 1/2'-2'/fs) x x x x x Lemon verbena Aloysia triphylla (p/c/sp/1'-2'/fs) x x x x x Licorice Glycyrrhiza glabra (p/c,d,/3'-5'/fs) x x Lovage Levisticum officinale (p/s,d/sp/3'-4'/fs,ps) x x Marjoram, sweet Origanum majorana (see also Oregano) (p/s,t/sp/1'-2'/fs) x x x x Mint Mentha sp. Japanese mint M. arvensis var. piperescens x x x x x Peppermint M.x M. piperita var. vulgaris x x x x x or M. x M. piperita var. officinalis x x x x x Bergamot mint M.x M. piperita var. citrata x x x x x Pennyroyal, European M. pulegium x x x or American Hedeoma pulegioides x x x Corsican mint M. requienii x x x x x Spearmint M. spicata x x x x x Apple mint M. suaveolens x x x x x Pineapple mint M. suaveolens var. variegata x x x x x (p/s,c,d/sp,fa/1'-2'/fs,pot) Mustard, condiment Brassica sp. black B. nigra x x brown B. juncea x x white B. alba x x yellow mustard B. hirta x x (a,b/s/sp/2'-5'/fs) x x Nasturtium Tropaeolum majus (p,a/s/sp/1'-2'/fs, pot) x x
NAME/SYNONYMS Latin name USES (cycle/establishment/time/size/location) FLA TEA FRA ORN MED Oregano is of primarily two unrelated genera, Origanum and Lippia. European oregano is also call wild marjoram, winter marjoram, oregano and organy, and is Origanum vulgare. Greek oregano, also called winter sweet marjoram, or pot marjoram is Origanum heracleoticum (formaly O. hirtum). Mexican oregano, also called Mexican sage, origan, oregamon, wild marjoram, Mexican marjoram or Mexican wild sage is Lippia graveolens. Oregano, European Origanum vulgare (a/s/sp/1'-2'/fs,pot) x x x Oregano, Greek Origanum heracleoticum (p/c/sp/1'-2'/fs,pot) x x x Oregano, Mexican Lippia graveolens (not in the Labiatae family) (a/s/sp/1'-2'/fs,pot) x x x Parsley, curly and Italian Petroselinum hortense (b/s,t/sp/12"-18"/fs) x x x Pennyroyal (see "mint" above) Poppy Papaver somniferum seed and opium poppy; P. orientale morphine-free medicinal poppy. (a/s/sp/1'-3'/fs) x x x Rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis (p/c,d,s,t/sp/2'-4'/fs,pot) x x x x Saffron Crocus sativus (p/d/sp/12"-18"/fs,ps) x x Sage Salvia officinales, several types including dwarf, mammoth, purple, golden, and tricolor. Others are: Pineapple S. elegans, Mexican S. leucantha, scarlet S. splendens, and Clary S. sclarea (a biennial). (p/d,c,s,t/sp/1'-3'/fs) x x x
NAME/SYNONYMS Latin name USES (cycle/establishment/time/size/location) FLA TEA FRA ORN MED Savory Satureja sp. About 180 species. Aromatic herbs and shrubs, border or pot-herb plants. Warm regions. Two main types: Summer savory, Satureja hortensis an annual and Winter or creeping winter savory Satureja montana a perennial. An evergreen perennial used mainly for tea is Satureja douglasii. (a,p/s,c,t/sp/12"-18"/fs,pot) x x x Sesame Sesamum indicum. (for warm areas only) (a/s/sp/1'-3'/fs) x x Spearmint (see "mint" above) Tarragone, French Artemisia dracunculus var. sativa Not winter-hardy. The related Russian tarragon is more winter-hardy, but of inferior quality. (p/c/sp,fa/1'-2'/fs,pot) x Thyme, common, English, French, garden Thymus vulgaris. Over 300 species and their hybrids such as lemon thyme T. x citriodorus. (p/s,t/sp/2"-12"/fs,ps) x x x x thyme, creeping T. serpyllum (p/s,t/sp/2"-4/fs) x x Valerian, garden heliotrope Valeriana officinalis (p/c,d,s,t/fa/3'-4'/fs) x x x x Wintergreen Gaultheria procumbens (p/c,d,s/sp/4"-6"/ps,pot) x x Woodruff, sweet Galium odoratum (p/t/6"-12"/ps) x x x x x
HERBS BY MAIL Seed and/or plants of the above-mentioned herbs are available from one or more of the companies listed: Abundant Life Seed Foundation, Box 772, Port Townsend, WA 98368 W. Atlee Burpee Co. 300 Park Avenue, Warminster, PA 18974 Comstock, Ferre & Co. P O Box 125, 263 Main Street, Wethersfield, CT 06109 Gurney Seed & Nursery Co. 1448 Page Street, Yankton, SD 57079 Johnny's Selected Seeds, Albion, ME 04910 J. W. Jung Seed Co. 335 S. High Street, Box H81, Randolph, WI 53956 Nichols Garden Nursery, 1190 North Pacific Highway, Albany, OR 97321 George W. Park Seed Co. P O Box 31, 398 Cokesbury Rd. Greenwood, SC 29647 Redwood City Seed Co. P O Box 361, Redwood City, CA 94064 Taylor's Herb Gardens. 1535 Lone Oak Road, Vista, CA 92084. 619/727-3485 Thompson & Moran Inc. P O Box 100, Farmingdale, NJ 07727 PEST CONTROL FOR HERBS THE PESTICIDES LISTED BELOW, TAKEN FROM THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST PEST CONTROL HANDBOOKS, ARE FOR INFORMATION ONLY, AND ARE REVISED ONLY ANNUALLY. BECAUSE OF CONSTANTLY CHANGING LABELS, LAWS, AND REGULATIONS, OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY CAN ASSUME NO LIABILITY FOR THE CONSEQUENCES OF USE OF CHEMICALS SUGGESTED HERE. IN ALL CASES, READ AND FOLLOW THE DIRECTIONS AND PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS ON THE SPECIFIC PESTICIDE PRODUCT LABEL. USE PESTICIDES SAFELY! Wear protective clothing and safety devices as recommended on the label. Bathe or shower after each use. Read the pesticide label--even if you've used the pesticide before. Follow closely the instructions on the label (and any other directions you have). Be cautious when you apply pesticides. Know your legal responsibility as a pesticide applicator. You may be liable for injury or damage resulting from pesticide use.
WEED CONTROL The Pacific Northwest Weed Control Handbook has no control entries for this crop. Cultivate as often as necessary when weeds are small. Proper cultivation, field selection and rotations can reduce or eliminate the need for chemical weed control.
INSECT CONTROL The Pacific Northwest Insect Control Handbook has no control entries for this crop. Proper rotations and field selection can minimize problems with insects.
DISEASE CONTROL The Pacific Northwest Disease Control Handbook has no control entries for this crop. Proper rotations, field selection, sanitation, spacings, fertilizer and irrigation practices can reduce the risk of many diseases. Fields can be tested for presence of harmful nematodes. Using seed from reputable sources reduces risk from "seed born" diseases.
-------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- This information was prepared by the Oregon State University Extension Service from Oregon and Pacific NW publications as well as other vegetable production guidelines from public institutions in the U.S. and Canada. These guidelines are intended as a general guide for Oregon commercial vegetable producers. Address comments or questions to your County Extension Agent or Dr. N. S. Mansour, Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 9733l --------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- Article 33034 of rec.gardens: Path: bigblue.oit.unc.edu!concert!gatech!swrinde!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!decwrl!morrow.stanford.edu!morrow.stanford.edu!not-for-mail From: [email protected] (Sullys Maze) Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: LIST OF HUMMINGBIRD PLANTS Date: 19 May 1994 15:23:28 -0700 Organization: Stanford University Lines: 55 Sender: [email protected] Message-ID: <[email protected]> NNTP-Posting-Host: morrow.stanford.edu I finally found my plant list of things I used to grow from Hummingbird gardens. This is not my huge catalog list but is a pretty good reference of plants easy to grow that are good for hummingbirds
PLANT LIST, SEPT. 1988 All 1 gal plants $5.00 Abelia floribunda MEXICAN ABELIA Abutilon megapotamicum FLOWERING MAPLE A. hybrids Aloe species Anigozanthus flavidus KANGAROO PAW Aquilegia eximia SUMMER COLUMBINE *Aquilegia formosa WESTERN COLUMBINE Asclepias curravasica MILKWEED Beloperone guttata SHRIMP PLANT Bouvardia glaberrima SMOOTH BOUVARDIA B. ternifolia SCARLET BOUVARDIA Brunsfelsia nyctaginoides Buddleia davidii BUTTERFLY BUSH Campsis radicans TRUMPET VINE Cestrum elegans C. elegans smithii Columnea species Cuphea chileae C. hyssopifolia C. micropetala C. minniata C. platycentra Dicliptera suberecta *Diplacus auranticaus STICKY MONKKEY FLOWER *Diplacus puniceus RED MONKEY FLOWER Fuchsia arborescens F. chang F. encliandra F. fanfare F. lycioides F. magellanica F. magellanica molinae F. serratifolia F. thymifolia F. 'tincta' *Galvezia speciosa BUSH ISLAND SNAPDRAGON Grevillia canberra Grevillia constance Grevillia Robyn Gordon Heuchera sanguinea CORAL BELLS *Ipmopsis aggregata SKYROCKET, SCARLET GILIA *<.i+>California Native
Article 26702 of rec.gardens: Path: bigblue.oit.unc.edu!concert!corpgate!news.utdallas.edu!wupost!howland.reston.ans.net!vixen.cso.uiuc.edu!sdd.hp.com!saimiri.primate.wisc.edu!news.doit.wisc.edu!news From: [email protected] (John Heim) Newsgroups: rec.gardens,rec.birds Subject: Landscaping for Wildlife (Shrubs & Vines) Date: 16 Feb 1994 21:07:41 GMT Organization: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN -- MADISON Lines: 545 Distribution: world Message-ID: <[email protected]> NNTP-Posting-Host: vms3.macc.wisc.edu X-News-Reader: VMS NEWS v1.25 Xref: bigblue.oit.unc.edu rec.gardens:26702 rec.birds:8589 Landscaping for Wildlife Shrubs and Vines Below is a report from a database I've been putting together of plants useful in attracting wildlife to your yard. Right now I am working on planting some shrubs and/or vines in my yard so that's all I've included so far. Eventually I intend to add trees and both annual and perennial non-woody plants. Much of the information below is from documents sent to me by Christine Quinn. Also very useful was Walter E. Shultz's book "How to Attract, House and Feed Birds". Most of the information on growing these plants is from the J.W. Jung Seed & Nursery Co. catalog and from "The Readers Digest Complete Book of the Garden" The prices listed below are from the Jung catalog unless otherwise noted. I've included the price in my database primarily for my own benefit because I intend to order from Jung this year. I've included it here because I thought you might find it useful as well. I have no affiliation with Jung but I have order from them a lot in the past and have always been happy. Any corrections or additions you might have will be appreciated.
Species: Arrowwood (Viburnum dentatum ) Location: Sun, pt shade Soil: Moist, w drain Zones: 3+ Height: 6-8 ft Cover: Y Nesting: Y Flowers: JUN Berries: OCT Seeds: Price: 4.95 Species attracted: Robin, bluebird, thrushes, catbird, vireo, flickers Notes:
Species: Barberry, Japanese (Berberis thunbergii ) Location: Full sun Soil: Any Zones: 4+ Height: 3-6 ft Cover: Nesting: Flowers: Berries: F-W Seeds: Price: 7.95 Species attracted: Mockingbirds, waxwings, sparrows Notes: Price is for 3 plants. "Thorns provide excellent cover and nesting." - Shultz Species: Bayberry (Myrica pensylvanica ) Location: Sun, pt shade Soil: Sandy Zones: 3+ Height: Cover: Nesting: Flowers: Berries: F-W Seeds: Price: Species attracted: 75 species Notes: "Best food producer in Easter states." - Shultz
Species: Bittersweet (Celastrus loesneri ) Location: Sun, pt shade Soil: Any Zones: 3+ Height: 20 ft vine Cover: Nesting: Flowers: AUG Berries: DEC Seeds: Price: 4.55 Species attracted: Songbirds, gamebirds Notes: Planting 2 or more will give better assurance of fruiting.
Species: Blackberry (Rubus species ) Location: Sun Soil: Well drained Zones: 3+ Height: 4-6 ft Cover: Y Nesting: Flowers: Berries: YES Seeds: Price: 5.95 Species attracted: 97 bird species Notes: Price is for 3 plants.
Species: Blackhaw (Viburnum prunifolium ) Location: Sun, shade Soil: Moist Zones: Height: 20 ft Cover: Y Nesting: Y Flowers: AUG Berries: F-W Seeds: Price: Species attracted: Mockingbird, waxwings, thrushes Notes:
Species: Blueberry (Vaccinium species ) Location: Sun, pt shade Soil: Moist acid Zones: 5+ Height: 2-6 ft Cover: Y Nesting: Flowers: MAY Berries: SEP Seeds: Price: 5.95 Species attracted: Blubirds, thrushes, other songbirds Notes: Some varieties hardy to zone 3.
Species: Buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica ) Location: Soil: Dry Zones: Height: 12 ft Cover: Y Nesting: Y Flowers: Berries: YES Seeds: Price: Species attracted: Grouse, pheasants, finches, thrashers, waxwings Notes: "Good hedge" - Shultz
Species: Burning bush (Euonymus alata ) Location: Sun, pt shade Soil: Zones: 5+ Height: 4-5 ft Cover: Y Nesting: Flowers: Berries: DEC Seeds: YES Price: 6.95 Species attracted: Songbirds, pheasants Notes: Needs pruning for best results.
Species: Butterfly Bush (Buddleis davidii ) Location: Full sun Soil: Well drainded Zones: 5+ Height: 2-8 ft Cover: Nesting: Flowers: AUG Berries: NO Seeds: Price: 4.95 Species attracted: Hummingbirds Notes: Blue, pink or white flowers.
Species: Cardinal Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata ) Location: Soil: Zones: 4+ Height: 8-10 ft Cover: Y Nesting: Flowers: Berries: SEP Seeds: Price: 2.95 Species attracted: Songbirds Notes:
Species: Coralberry (Symphoricarpus doore ) Location: Sun, pt shade Soil: Zones: 5+ Height: 3-4 ft Cover: Y Nesting: Flowers: Berries: F-W Seeds: Price: 5.95 Species attracted: Songbirds, gamebirds Notes:
Species: Cotoneaster (Cotoneaster species ) Location: Sun Soil: Well drainded Zones: 3+ Height: 3-6 ft Cover: Nesting: Flowers: Berries: F-W Seeds: Price: 5.95 Species attracted: Mockingbird, finches, and waxwings Notes: Price is for 3 plants
Species: Cranberry, American (Viburnum trilobum ) Location: Sun, pt shade Soil: Well drainded Zones: 3+ Height: 8-10 ft Cover: Y Nesting: Flowers: MAY Berries: F-W Seeds: Price: 5.95 Species attracted: Cardinals, waxwings, thrushes, finches, woodpeckers Notes:
Species: Current, Red (Ribes species ) Location: Sun, pt shade Soil: Any Zones: 3+ Height: 2-3 ft Cover: Nesting: Flowers: Berries: AUG Seeds: Price: 3.95 Species attracted: Catbird, jays, magpie, and robins Notes: Not compatable with white pine.
Species: Dogwood (Cornus sericea ) Location: Sun Soil: Moist, wet Zones: 3+ Height: 6-8 ft Cover: Y Nesting: Flowers: AUG Berries: JAN Seeds: Price: 4.25 Species attracted: Catbird, downy woodpecker, thrushes, and finches Notes:
Species: Elderberry (Sambucus species ) Location: Sun shade Soil: Well drained Zones: 3-9 Height: 6-8 ft Cover: Y Nesting: Y Flowers: AUG Berries: NOV Seeds: Price: 6.95 Species attracted: 115 birds Notes: Price is for 2 plants. One plant alone will not bear fruit.
Species: Firethorn (Pyracantha coccinea ) Location: Sun Soil: Well drained Zones: Height: Cover: Nesting: Flowers: SEP Berries: F-W Seeds: Price: Species attracted: Waxwings, mockingbirds, and thrushes Notes:
Species: Greenbrier ( ) Location: Soil: Zones: Height: Cover: Y Nesting: Y Flowers: Berries: F-W Seeds: Price: Species attracted: Songbirds Notes:
Species: Holly, Inkberry (Ilex glabra ) Location: Sun, pt shade Soil: Moist Zones: 5+ Height: 10 ft vine Cover: Y Nesting: Flowers: Berries: YES Seeds: Price: Species attracted: Chickadee, titmouse, bobwhite, bluebird, robin, catbird Notes:
Species: Holly, Oregon Grape (Mahonia aquifolium ) Location: Shade Soil: Moist acid Zones: 5+ Height: 4 ft vine Cover: Y Nesting: Flowers: JUL Berries: SEP Seeds: Price: Species attracted: Songbirds Notes: Not a true holly.
Species: Honeysuckle (Lonicera tatarica ) Location: Sun, part shade Soil: Any Zones: 3+ Height: 8-10 ft Cover: Y Nesting: Y Flowers: MAY Berries: YES Seeds: Price: 3.95 Species attracted: Hummingbirds, songbirds Notes:
Species: Huckleberry, black ( ) Location: Soil: Zones: Height: Cover: Y Nesting: Flowers: JUL Berries: AUG Seeds: Price: 1.10 Species attracted: Grosbeaks, towhees, bluebirds, robins, chickadees, catbirds Notes: Price is for seed packet.
Species: Juniper (Juniperus chimemsis ) Location: Sun Soil: Well drainded Zones: 2+ Height: 2-10 ft Cover: Y Nesting: Y Flowers: Berries: YES Seeds: Price: Species attracted: Songbirds Notes: Dense foliage provides cover.
Species: Lilac (Syringa species ) Location: Full sun Soil: Neutral Zones: 3+ Height: 10-15 ft Cover: Nesting: Flowers: MAY Berries: NO Seeds: Price: Species attracted: Butterflies Notes:
Species: Matrimony vine (Lycium halimifolium ) Location: Sun Soil: Any Zones: Height: 10 ft vine Cover: Y Nesting: Flowers: AUG Berries: DEC Seeds: Price: Species attracted: Songbirds Notes: "Strong spines provide excellent cover" - Shultz
Species: Nannyberry (Viburnum lentago ) Location: Sun, pt shade Soil: Any Zones: 3+ Height: 25 ft Cover: Y Nesting: Y Flowers: YES Berries: YES Seeds: Price: Species attracted: Grouse, pheasants, songbirds Notes: Suckers will form thickets.
Species: Pasture rose (Rosa carolina ) Location: Sun Soil: Any Zones: 3+ Height: 3 ft Cover: Nesting: Y Flowers: AUG Berries: F-W Seeds: Price: Species attracted: 40 species Notes: "Strong spines provide best possible protection." - Shultz
Species: Privet, Amur (Ligustrum amurense ) Location: Sun, pt shade Soil: Not wet Zones: 3+ Height: 6 ft Cover: Y Nesting: Flowers: YES Berries: YES Seeds: Price: 9.95 Species attracted: Mockingbirds, waxwings, butterflies Notes: Price is for 10 plants.
Species: Quince, flowering (Chaenomeles japonica ) Location: Sun, shade Soil: Well drainded Zones: Height: Cover: Nesting: Flowers: YES Berries: NO Seeds: Price: Species attracted: Hummingbirds Notes:
Species: Raspberry (Red, Blk) (Rubus species ) Location: Full sun Soil: Any Zones: 2+ Height: 4-6 ft Cover: Y Nesting: Y Flowers: Berries: JUN Seeds: Price: 6.50 Species attracted: Songbirds Notes: Price is for 5 plants. Will form dense thicket.
Species: Sand Cherry ( ) Location: Soil: Sandy Zones: Height: 3 ft Cover: Nesting: Flowers: JUL Berries: AUG Seeds: Price: Species attracted: Songbirds Notes:
Species: Serviceberry (Amelanchier canadens ) Location: Sun, shade Soil: Any Zones: 3-7 Height: 10-20 ft Cover: Y Nesting: Flowers: Berries: JUL Seeds: Price: 5.98 Species attracted: Songbirds Notes: Price is from Henry Fields Seed Co.
Species: Snowberry (Symphoricarpos hybri ) Location: Sun, pt shade Soil: Zones: 4+ Height: 4-5 ft Cover: Y Nesting: Flowers: JUN Berries: F-W Seeds: Price: 4.95 Species attracted: Songbirds Notes:
Species: Spirea, Blue Mist (Caryopteris incana ) Location: Full sun Soil: Any Zones: Height: Cover: Nesting: Flowers: YES Berries: NO Seeds: Price: Species attracted: Butterflies Notes:
Species: Sumac, Cut Leaf (Rhus typhina ) Location: Soil: Any Zones: 3+ Height: 8-10 ft Cover: Y Nesting: Flowers: Berries: YES Seeds: Price: 5.95 Species attracted: Notes:
Species: Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia ) Location: Soil: Zones: Height: Cover: Y Nesting: Y Flowers: Berries: AUG Seeds: Price: Species attracted: Songbirds Notes: Also called American Ivy. "Perhaps best producer of natural food for birds, plant wherever possible." - Shultz Species: Winterberry (Ilex verticillata ) Location: Sun, pt shade Soil: Zones: Height: 10 ft vine Cover: Nesting: Flowers: Berries: F-W Seeds: Price: Species attracted: Songbirds Notes:
Species: Withe rod (Viburnum cassinoides ) Location: Sun, pt shade Soil: Zones: Height: Cover: Nesting: Flowers: Berries: F-W Seeds: Price: Species attracted: Songbirds (35 species) Notes:
Species: Yew, Japanese (Taxus species ) Location: Sun, shade Soil: Well drainded Zones: Height: Cover: Y Nesting: Y Flowers: Berries: NO Seeds: YES Price: Species attracted: Robin, mockingbird, sparrow Notes:
From: [email protected] Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: Latin pronounciation (was reading plant names) Date: 21 Apr 93 20:37:59 -0600
Dr. K's guide to botanical Latin, with profuse apologies to Wm. T.Stearn, from whom I cribbed a lot of it. 1. Latin words are divided into syllables. There is one vowel per syllable, with the exception of diphthongs like ae, au, ei, eu, oi and ui. 2. To determine where the accent falls in a word, you must divide it into syllables. If there is a long vowel in the penult, (the next to-last syllable), the penult gets the accent. (au-STRA-lus, AL-bus). 3. If the penult has a short vowel, the accent goes on the syllable before the penult, the antepenult. (FLO-ri-dus, la-ti-FO-li-a) 4. Diphthongs are treated as long vowels. 5. In Latin, if two vowels that do not form a diphthong come together, the first vowel is short: CAR-ne-us, ME-di-us 6. In words of Greek origin, the opposite holds: gi-gan-TE-us. 7. Watch out for the -inus ending. The i is long in some cases, like al-PIN-us, but short in others: se-RO-ti-nus. Words of Greek derivation usually have the short i in an -inus ending. 8. Best way to find out where the accent belongs is to consult a decent Latin dictionary, or a good flora like Gray's Manual. If the stresses are indicated by a ` (grave), the syllable has a short vowel. If the syllable is accented with a ' it has a long vowel. 9. There are usually some minor accents earlier in the word if it has a bunch of syllables: put them in reasonable places, usually every other syllable.... rosmariniflorus is rose'-mar-in'-i-FLOR-us. 10. You have your choice of pronounciations of letters. Stearn gives "reformed academic" ("classical") and "traditional English" which is next door to my church latin. classical traditional long a father fate short a apart fat ae as ai in aisle as ea in meat au as ou in house as aw in bawl c cat K before a, o, u (cat) S before e, i, y (center) ch in greek words as K or as k-h k or ch long e they me short e pet pet ei rein height g go G before a, o, u (go) J before e, i, y (gem) long i machine ice short i pit pit consonant i "y" as in yellow j ng finger finger long o note note short o not not oe as oi in toil as ee in bee ph as p or p-h if possible f r always trilled (how do you trill???) s sit, gas sit, gas t table, native t at beginning, but like ti in nation in middle long u brute brute short u full tub ui as the French "oui" ruin v (consonant u) W V long y u as in French pur as long i in cipher short y as in French du as y in cynical If you're a true "church latinist", "cie" is "ch", not "s" or "k" Now, as to pronouncing names that are stolen from other languages or were once peoples' names, you're kinda on your own. Try to get it to an approximation of the original language OR try to come up with something that doesn't land with a dull thud on the ear. "Warszeiczella" can be rendered "var-she-vi-CHEL-la". One other problem. -ii or -iae endings can be tricky, since if you apply the penult/antepenult rule, you need to put the accent on the last syllable of the latinized personal name, which is usually where it doesn't belong. So people cut some slack on that rule when dealing with -ii and -iae endings. Finally, words of wisdom from Stearn: "Botanical Latin is essentially a written language, but the scientific names of plants often occur in speech. How they are pronounced really matters little provided they sound pleasant and are understood by all concerned..." Ah-men! Dona nobis pacem! (at least on this topic!) Kay Klier Biology Dept UNI
.
From: [email protected] Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: Latin pronounciation (was reading plant names) Date: 21 Apr 93 20:37:59 -0600
Dr. K's guide to botanical Latin, with profuse apologies to Wm. T.Stearn, from whom I cribbed a lot of it. 1. Latin words are divided into syllables. There is one vowel per syllable, with the exception of diphthongs like ae, au, ei, eu, oi and ui. 2. To determine where the accent falls in a word, you must divide it into syllables. If there is a long vowel in the penult, (the next to-last syllable), the penult gets the accent. (au-STRA-lus, AL-bus). 3. If the penult has a short vowel, the accent goes on the syllable before the penult, the antepenult. (FLO-ri-dus, la-ti-FO-li-a) 4. Diphthongs are treated as long vowels. 5. In Latin, if two vowels that do not form a diphthong come together, the first vowel is short: CAR-ne-us, ME-di-us 6. In words of Greek origin, the opposite holds: gi-gan-TE-us. 7. Watch out for the -inus ending. The i is long in some cases, like al-PIN-us, but short in others: se-RO-ti-nus. Words of Greek derivation usually have the short i in an -inus ending. 8. Best way to find out where the accent belongs is to consult a decent Latin dictionary, or a good flora like Gray's Manual. If the stresses are indicated by a ` (grave), the syllable has a short vowel. If the syllable is accented with a ' it has a long vowel. 9. There are usually some minor accents earlier in the word if it has a bunch of syllables: put them in reasonable places, usually every other syllable.... rosmariniflorus is rose'-mar-in'-i-FLOR-us. 10. You have your choice of pronounciations of letters. Stearn gives "reformed academic" ("classical") and "traditional English" which is next door to my church latin. classical traditional long a father fate short a apart fat ae as ai in aisle as ea in meat au as ou in house as aw in bawl c cat K before a, o, u (cat) S before e, i, y (center) ch in greek words as K or as k-h k or ch long e they me short e pet pet ei rein height g go G before a, o, u (go) J before e, i, y (gem) long i machine ice short i pit pit consonant i "y" as in yellow j ng finger finger long o note note short o not not oe as oi in toil as ee in bee ph as p or p-h if possible f r always trilled (how do you trill???) s sit, gas sit, gas t table, native t at beginning, but like ti in nation in middle long u brute brute short u full tub ui as the French "oui" ruin v (consonant u) W V long y u as in French pur as long i in cipher short y as in French du as y in cynical If you're a true "church latinist", "cie" is "ch", not "s" or "k" Now, as to pronouncing names that are stolen from other languages or were once peoples' names, you're kinda on your own. Try to get it to an approximation of the original language OR try to come up with something that doesn't land with a dull thud on the ear. "Warszeiczella" can be rendered "var-she-vi-CHEL-la". One other problem. -ii or -iae endings can be tricky, since if you apply the penult/antepenult rule, you need to put the accent on the last syllable of the latinized personal name, which is usually where it doesn't belong. So people cut some slack on that rule when dealing with -ii and -iae endings. Finally, words of wisdom from Stearn: "Botanical Latin is essentially a written language, but the scientific names of plants often occur in speech. How they are pronounced really matters little provided they sound pleasant and are understood by all concerned..." Ah-men! Dona nobis pacem! (at least on this topic!) Kay Klier Biology Dept UNI
¤Ö.6..³çarchives Q,.cap¤×INDEX X¬richters `[pictures¸lprograms_ìfaqs ~4incoming Á¾SWSBM"C Marco_BleekerpHowie_Brounstein+Fragrant_Garden˜database7– neat_stuff¥README¤ØÀallfiles.txt¨ readme.txt®.Ÿ..®pond.faq®fertilizer.faq®¼tomato-problem.faqFrom [email protected] Apr 9 21:51:22 1995 Date: Wed, 8 Mar 1995 13:46:10 -0800 From: Brian Lo Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: FAQ: Okra OKRA Abelmoschus esculentus Okra is not well adapted to Oregon climatic conditions, requiring high soil temperatures and high day and night temperatures for best production. Okra may be grown in the warmer parts of the state when special efforts are made to provide the proper environmental conditions. This would include the use of plastic mulch and wind breaks to improve temperatures around the plant and in the soil. VARIETIES Green types: Blondy, 48-50 days, dwarf plant 3'high, spineless, ribbed, lime-green. Annie Oakley, 52 days, plants 3-4'tall. Prelude, 52 days, plants 3-4'tall. Clemson Spineless, 55 days, plants 5' tall, pods 5-6"long, large diameter, most commonly available variety. Emerald, 55 days, plants 5' tall, pods to 8"long, small diameter. Perkins Mammoth Long Pod, 60 days, plants 6 to 10' tall, pods 7-8" long, intense green. Red types: Red Okra; 55 to 65 days, 3 to 4 feet tall, bushy plants with 6 to 7" pods. Red Velvet; similar to Red Okra. SEED COMPANIES Asgrow Seed Company, POB 5038, Salinas CA 93915 Ferry-Morse Seed Co. POB 4938, 555 Codoni Ave. Modesto, CA 95352 La Marche Seeds International, POB 190, Dixon, CA 95620 Stokes Seeds Inc. POB 548, Buffalo, NY 14240 SOIL Well drained, sandy soils are preferred. Addition of manure or other organic material is usually beneficial on such light textured soils. Okra grows best in neutral to slightly alkaline soils, pH 6.5-7.5. TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENTS Okra is a tropical plant requiring warm growing conditions. Commercial production is recommended only in the warmest portions of the state. Night temperatures should be above 55 F for good growth. Minimum soil temperature for germination is 60 F. Optimum soil temperature range is 75-90 F. PLASTIC ROW COVERS AND MULCHES Black plastic mulch will increase soil temperatures, control weeds, and conserve moisture, increasing yield and earliness. A new generation of plastic mulch films allows for good weed control together with soil warming that is intermediate between black plastic and clear film. These films are called IRT (infra-red transmitting) films. They are more expensive than black or clear films, but may be cost-effective where soil warming is important. Spun bonded polyester and polypropylene, and perforated polyethylene row covers may be used for 4-8 weeks immediately after transplanting. Covers should be removed when plants begin to flower to permit proper pollination. Row covers can increase heat unit accumulation by 2-3 times over ambient. Up to 4 F of frost protection may also be obtained at night. Soil temperatures and root growth can also be increased under row covers as are early yields, and in some cases total yields. SEEDING Okra seed numbers approximately 8,000 per pound. Use approximately 8-12 lbs. seed/acre. Plant 1" deep, 4-6 seeds/foot of row. Thin to desired spacing when plants are 3" tall. Germination many be enhanced by soaking seeds several (4-6 hours) hours or overnight immediately before planting. The seed will need to be surface dried for mechanical planting. SPACING Rows 36-48" apart, 12-24" between plants. Tall or spiny cultivars require wide spacing. TRANSPLANTING Growers interested in early fresh market or in short growing season areas may find it profitable to transplant. Sow seeds in 2" pots or cell packs, 3 seeds per pot, 1/4" deep, 4-5 weeks ahead of transplanting. Thin to 1 plant per pot or cell. FERTILIZER The following are general recommendations. Before planting apply: Nitrogen: 30-50 lb./acre applied at planting. Side dress with an additional 35-50 lbs. N/acre when plants are 8-10" tall, or use 25 lb./acre nitrogen after first fruit set and again after 4-6 weeks at the same rate. Adequate nitrogen is necessary to ensure a long harvest period, however excessive rates are to be avoided as they can cause okra to become excessively vegetative. Phosphorus: 50-100 lbs./acre, all applied at, or before planting.
IRRIGATION Okra requires adequate soil moisture throughout its entire growing period if optimum growth and yield are to be obtained. Avoid heavy early irrigations as these can cool the soil and slow development. HARVESTING, HANDLING AND STORAGE Okra pods should be harvested while still tender and before the seeds are half grown. This is usually 5-6 days after flowering. Pods with tips that will bend between the fingers without breaking are too tough for use as fresh fruit. Consumer preference demands pods 2 1/2"-3 1/2" in length. Okra should be harvested about 3 times each week. Regular picking increases yield. Remove and discard old pods from the plant as such pods will retard pod set and reduce total yield. Under good conditions 300 to 400 lbs. might be obtained per picking per acre. In the warmer, longer season areas of Oregon (the Columbia and Snake River areas) okra might be harvested over a 50 to 60 day season. Okra plants and pods may have small spines to which some people are allergic. Pickers should wear gloves and long sleeved shirts as skin protection. STORAGE (quoted from USDA Ag. Handbook # 66): Hold okra at 45 to 50 F and 90 to 95 % relative humidity. Okra deteriorates rapidly and is normally stored only briefly to hold for marketing or processing. Large quantities are canned, frozen or brined. It has a very high respiration rate at warm temperatures and should therefore be promptly cooled to retard heating and subsequent deterioration. Okra in good condition can be stored satisfactorily for 7 to 10 days at 45 to 50 F. At higher temperatures toughening, yellowing, and decay are rapid. A relative humidity of 90 to 95 % is desirable to prevent shriveling. At temperatures below 45 F okra is subject to chilling injury, which is manifested by surface discoloration, pitting, and decay. Holding okra for 3 days at 32 F may cause sever pitting. Contact or to ice will cause water spotting in 2 or 3 days. Fresh okra bruises easily, the bruises blackening within a few hours. A bleaching type of injury may also develop when okra is held in hampers for more than 24 hours without refrigeration. Storage containers should permit ventilation. Prepackaging in perforated film is helpful. both to prevent wilting and physical injury during handling. Results of a packaging study suggest that 5 to 10 % carbon dioxide in the atmosphere lengthens shelf life by about a week. Higher concentrations of carbon dioxide caused off-flavors.
PACKAGING Okra is shipped in bushel hampers or crates, holding 30 lb. net; 5/9 bushel crates, 18 lb. net; 12 quart baskets, 15-18 lb. net; or loose pack in cartons or LA. lugs, 18 lb. net. PEST CONTROL FOR OKRA THE PESTICIDES LISTED BELOW, TAKEN FROM THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST PEST CONTROL HANDBOOKS, ARE FOR INFORMATION ONLY, AND ARE REVISED ONLY ANNUALLY. BECAUSE OF CONSTANTLY CHANGING LABELS, LAWS, AND REGULATIONS, OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY CAN ASSUME NO LIABILITY FOR THE CONSEQUENCES OF USE OF CHEMICALS SUGGESTED HERE. IN ALL CASES, READ AND FOLLOW THE DIRECTIONS AND PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS ON THE SPECIFIC PESTICIDE PRODUCT LABEL. USE PESTICIDES SAFELY! Wear protective clothing and safety devices as recommended on the label. Bathe or shower after each use. Read the pesticide label--even if you've used the pesticide before. Follow closely the instructions on the label (and any other directions you have). Be cautious when you apply pesticides. Know your legal responsibility as a pesticide applicator. You may be liable for injury or damage resulting from pesticide use.
WEED CONTROL The Pacific Northwest Weed Control Handbook has no control entries for this crop. Cultivate as often as necessary when weeds are small. Proper cultivation, field selection and rotations can reduce or eliminate the need for chemical weed control.
INSECT CONTROL The Pacific Northwest Insect Control Handbook has no control entries for this crop. Proper rotations and field selection can minimize problems with insects.
DISEASE CONTROL The Pacific Northwest Disease Control Handbook has no control entries for this crop. Proper rotations, field selection, sanitation, spacings, fertilizer and irrigation practices can reduce the risk of many diseases. Fields can be tested for presence of harmful nematodes. Using seed from reputable sources reduces risk from "seed born" diseases. Use spacings and irrigations practices that minimize diseases and allow for cultivation. Choose fields free of perennial weeds and where related crops have not been grown for the previous three years to minimize problems with diseases and weeds. ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- This information was adapted by the Oregon State University Extension Service from Oregon and Pacific NW publications as well as other vegetable production guidelines from public institutions in the U.S. and Canada. These guidelines are intended as a general guide for Oregon commercial vegetable producers. Address comments or questions to your County Extension Agent or Dr. N. S. Mansour Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 9733l. -------------------------------------------------Subject: Old Roses Date: 30 Mar 92 16:57:07 GMT Here is a list of some of the main old rose varieties. I will follow it up with a selection of roses from each group. Species Roses These plants are the ancestors of all of the roses. Species refers to the plants as they have been found in the wild, un-changed and un-hybridized. For the most part, species roses are single petalled, and some are semi-double. The different varieties come in yellow, pink, rose madder red, and white. They are also very LARGE bushes, growing up to 50 feet or more. The Lady Banks rose is an example of a species rose. Most of them only bloom once a year. Gallicas The flowers of the gallicas are usually flat and fully double, the bushes have few thorns, and they are easy to raise from seed. The town of Provins, France, was for 600 years the center of a great rose industry based on _R. gallica officinalis_ (Red Rose of Lancaster) and some of its forms. This rose was believed to have medicinal properties. The Empress Josephine collected gallica roses for her garden in Malmaisson. Some of the roses in this family date back to the 12th and 13th centurys. Most of them are shades of rose madder and pink, and bloom only once in a season. Damasks This is the first old rose family to have ever-blooming flowers. It is possible that this rose was brought to Europe by the Greek traders in the main ports of the Mediterrainian between 800 and 600 B.C. The flowers are usually fully double, flowering in summer, and then again in fall. They are said to be repeat bloomers, instead of ever blooming. Their parentage is unknown, but it is believed that they come from a cross of Rosa gallica and an everblooming Asian species. An example of this rose family is Autumn Damask, or "Quatre Saisons". The petals of this rose were scattered under the feet of the Roman Emperors as they walked along in public. Centifolias Centifolia means 'hundred petals', and these roses are the most fully double of them all. The roses are very full, and the petals divide into quarters within the flower. This rose dates back to bout 410 B.C. These roses make good climbers. Most of the centifolias bloom only once in spring. Mosses This large family of roses are called mosses because their stems have thousands of tiny thorns on them, and even the flower bracts are 'mossy' with thorns. The flowers are usually double, and bloom in the spring. We had a moss rose, and the flowers were the most intense pink/purple I have ever seen on any rose. It was beautful. Portland Developed in the middle of the 19th century, this rose family has mostly ever-blooming or perpetual blooming roses. The first family was produced in England at about 1800. The rose was named Duchess of Portland, hence the name Portland roses. A good Portland rose is Comte de Chambourd.
Bourbons These roses came from a natural cross of a China rose and a damask rose. The bushes are compact and the roses are fewer, but much better flowers in the fall than the other rose families. This is personally my favorite group of old roses. The flowers are very double and globular shaped. They have a beautiful bloom in the fall, and won't quit blooming until the frost kills them. Some examples are Honorine de Brabant, La Reine Victoria, Madamme Isaac Periere, and Souvenir de la Malmaison. China Roses It was with the introduction of the China roses to Europe that true ever-blooming roses were developed. Portlands, Bourbons, and perhaps even Damasks were produced by crossing them with China roses. Although not very popular in the garden, these roses are very important to the history of rose culture. Some Available Old Roses Species Roses ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Rosa Foetida single petals yellow Rosa foetida Persiana double flowers yellow Rose foetida bicolor single orange Mrs. Colville single red Rosa pimpinellifolia "double white double flowers white Rosa canina single pink Kiftsgate single, rambler white Alba Roses ^^^^^^^^^^ Great Maiden's Blush fully double blush pink Jeanne d'Arc fully double white Rosa alba 'semiplena' semi-double white Felicite Parmentier double pale pink Gallica Roses ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Rosa gallica semi-double rose madder Rosa gallica versicolor double rose/white striped Charles de Mills full double deep pink Tuscany Superb full double fuchsia Georges Vibert full double striped Damask Roses ^^^^^^^^^^^^ Rose de Rescht full double rose madder Celsiana double pale pink Madamme Hardy double white Pink Leda double medium pink Duchess de Montebello double palest pink Leda double white/pink edges Comte de Chambord double pink/lilac Bourbon Roses ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Honorine de Brabant double striped/lilac/white Madame Isaac Pereire fully double rose madder La Reine Victoria double, cupped med. pink Boule de Neige double white Madame Pierre Oger double pale pink Souvenir de al Malmaison double/flat flesh pink Ferdinand Pichard double red/white striped Reine des Violettes double purple Moss Roses ^^^^^^^^^^ General Kleber double palest pink Shailer's White Moss double white William Lobb double lilac Centifolia Roses ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Tour de Malkoff double deep fushcia Chapeau de Napoleon double pink De Meaux double pale pink Hybrid Musk Roses ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Cornelia semi double pink Ballerina single whtie & pink Penelope semi double pale yellow Nymphenburg semi double apricot pink Rugosa Roses ^^^^^^^^^^^^ Blanc Double de Coubert double white Topaz Jewel double yellow Reseraie de l'Hay doulbe med. pink Linda Campbell double red Alba single white Fru Dagmar Hastrup single pink Hansa double deep deep pink Many of these may be found in Wayside Rose Catalog. Also, check your better nurseries. Old roses are beginning to show up. I just found a good speciman of "Souvenir de la Malmaison" for $7!!!!! What a find! Re: Favorite Old Roses, Climbing Roses (rec.gardens) Date: 5 Mar 92 18:24:28 GMT I have just planted two old climbing roses I am very excited about SOMBREUIL: a tea rose, "capable of reaching great heights in a sheltered garden," and whose "fragrance, shiny dark green foliage, and spectacular creamy white flowers make this one of the most beautiful and useful of all roses." ZE'PHIRIN DROUHIN: a semi-double pink Bourbon, popular because the canes are (really!) thornless. Both of these are popular in the South, so should do well in the Central Valley, but may be too tender for northern gardens. Also, DORTMUND: a single red flower with white eye, said to have holly like foliage and good heat tolerance. I'd try it if I had more room. All are highly rated and fairly disease resistant, though ZD may be subject to mildew. The first two are available from Smith & Hawken, the other is stocked by Berkeley Horticultural or try the usual suspects (I can provide a list of old rose nurseries, if there is any demand.) rec.gardens: Subject: Re: Climbing Roses Date: 6 Mar 92 01:21:20 GMT >I'm looking for a good (actually I would love a *great*) climbing rose and >was wonderingif anyone out there has a favorite variety (You *do* know that no roses actually climb, like ivy, but some just throw out extra-long canes ...) Rosa moschata, R. moschata semiplena Musk roses species, with single or fluffy semi-double blossoms respectively. Grows to 50' if you let it. One longish blooming season in NJ, may be longer out here (in Sac). Flowers are white. Scent is amazing. Alchymist (occasionally Alchemist) Buff yellow very full and quartered blossoms, with more or less pink in them depending on how cold it is during bud formation. I'd expect no pink out here. Grows to 20' in NJ that I've seen. Very long blooming season but not quite "recurrent". Nice scent but not overpowering. Rosa glauca (was R. rubrifolia) Species rose listed as stopping at 8', but there is/was a specimen in WI that stopped growing *up* at about 12' and thenceforth grew out, maybe 20' total. No scent. Flowers are a pretty pink, single, narrowish petals so the blossom is kind of star-shaped. Yellow stamens. The leaves are steel-blue with red edging, and the stems and canes are claret. Flowering season is short, but you don't grow it for the flowers. Applejack Grows to 10' or so. Recurrent. Single pretty pink flowers, with fatter petals than R. glauca, so that it looks like a rose, not like a star. Flower is unscented but foliage smells of apples. Drops petals neatly so the bush is always pretty. This one is kind of hard to find, but is a real sweetheart. La Belle Sultane Grows to 10' or so. Medium blooming season. Single purple blossoms, shading to lighter crimson inward, with bright yellow stamens. Nothing else remotely like her, and a beauty. If you'd like to see R. glauca, Alchymist, or La Belle Sultane, contact me this summer or next year: I'm planting all three weekend after next, UPS permitting. ;0)
Subject: Re: Old Roses Date: 10 Jan 92 20:27:49 GMT TK> >>There's a rose source in Texas that grows the old roses TK> >>onto their own root system. ANTIQUE ROSE EMPORIUM Route 5, Box 143 Brenham, TX 77833 telephone: (409) 836-9051 They offer a color/b&w catalog for $2.00, containing a broad selection of old garden roses, each well described, with a good deal of historical and cultural information. Roses are grown on their own roots, selectedd for fragrance and long bloom in Zones 6 and above. They also offer books for rosarians. The minimum order is $10 and they also will ship to Canada.
rec.gardens: Subject: Re: Old Roses Date: 11 Jan 92 06:10:40 GMT The catalog ($3) from Heirloom Old Garden Roses 24062 Riverside Dr NE St. Paul, OR 97137 comes highly recommended. I'm just sending away for mine, so I haven't seen it yet, but one hardcore antique rose freak I know said he almost died when he got his. He's not impressed easily. Subject: Re: Antique Roses Date: 27 Jan 92 22:37:15 GMT I purchased the bare-root plants by mail-order from: ROSES OF YESTERDAY & TODAY 802 Brown's Valley Road Watsonville, CA 95076-0398 (408) 724-3537 or 2755 The informative catalog is $3 and describes the plants very well. However, they will only mail the plants between the 1st of January until the end of May. NOTE: When I purchased roses from them, they were all grafted onto various rootstocks. Their is a mail-order source that sells UNGRAFTED bare-root antique roses. It is: ANTIQUE ROSE EMPORIUM Route 5, Box 143 Brenham, TX 77833 (409) 836-9051 Their catalog is $2 and they also ship only from Jan. 1 to May 30. ALL roses are grown on their own roots, selected for fragrance and long bloom in Zone 6 and above. Today, I learned of two additional sources for Old Garden Roses. They are: VINTAGE GARDENS 3003 Pleasant Hill Road Sebastapol, CA 95472 (1992 catalog - $1; 1993 catalog - $2) and HEIRLOOM OLD GARDEN ROSES 24062 N.E. Riverside St. Paul, OR 97137 catalog - $3 Subject: Re: Antique Roses Date: 29 Jan 92 19:05:34 GMT (With Pickering's 1991-2 catalog at my elbow ...) A number of old-fashioned roses do bloom recurrently. "Recurrently" is a slightly strange word in the rose world. A "non-recurrent bloomer" blooms for a month or two in June and July. A "recurrent bloomer" blooms then and also at other times during the season. This may range from the February-toNovember bloomers to a rose, whose main season bloom having been religiously dead-headed (the spent blooms cut off before they can make hips), will spit out a couple more blooms in September or so. Bearing that definition in mind, here's a quick survey of old-fashioned roses, with notes of *my* particular favorites: Polyanthas originated about 1875. They are parents of the mini-roses. Most are low growing, have large clusters of individual smallish blooms, and are recurrent. I don't have any personal experience with these. The Fairy is an extremely popular variety, blooming continuously with shell-pink flowers. You might even be able to get The Fairy at local nurseries. Hybrid Perpetuals originated about 1840. As their name implies, they are among the first recurrent varieties. Their blossom production tends to be a tad spotty after the initial flush. Mabel Morrison has an upright habit and opaque white gardenia-like roses on extremely short stems. The blossoms sit right in the leaves. Depending on the temperature at a crucial time in the bud formation, some blossoms might be very lightly flushed with pink, which results in a bush with some white roses and some very very pale pink roses, or even a rose with a few very pale pink streaks in the whiteness. Unfortunately, she has no scent. Shrub roses don't fit any category very well, and many are quite modern (which is why I use the term "old-fashioned" instead of "antique"). Many are recurrent. Alchymist is listed as growing to 6', but every one I've grown has had no problem sending canes out several yards. Depending on the climate, the blossoms may be an antique gold or have pink-peach highlights (the colder the winter, the more colorful the flower). The individual blooms are enormous and quite fragrant. It is listed as non-recurrent, but in NJ its season was close to three months. Rosa rugosa is a species native to Japan, and many attractive hybrids are mostly R. rugosa. The outstanding characteristics are coarse, heavily "quilted" leaves, large, attractive hips, extreme winter hardiness, resistance to disease, abundant thorns, continuous bloom, and tolerance of salt (for beachside gardens). Dr. Eckener compares favorably with Alchymist in vigor of growth. The blossoms are zoned yellow and bright pink, and are semi-double (8-20 or so petals). Dr. E. is quite fragrant, and has truly awesome thorns. Frau Dagmar Hartopp is a gem -- single, silky silver-pink blossoms, and relatively low growing. Alba roses are true antiques: Alba maxima was known in 1450. They are all non-recurrent. They have bluish-grey leaves and the blossoms are either white or pale pink. They are also winter hardy and fragrant. Madame Legras de St. Germain has small white blossoms with just a hint of lemon well inside. She grows rather low and is literally smothered in blossoms in June and July. The blossom petals are tiny and very abundant, and toss scent off in buckets. Bourbon roses were created accidentally as a cross between one of the antiques (I forget which) and Rosa chinensis, which had just been imported from (guess) China. R. chinensis is very tender, and some Bourbons are also rather tender, needing the cosseting one has to give to hybrid teas. However, they have enough more of their antique genes to resist disease much better than the H.T.'s. Some are recurrent, some not. I haven't grown any of these yet, not having lived in a place before now where I wouldn't have to baby them. But this year ...! Centifolia roses are the big "cabbage" roses you see on old wallpaper. They are very winter hardy, not recurrent, and extremely fragrant. The ones that Pickering lists range from light to dark pink and mauve to scarlet and dark purple. For some reason I haven't grown any of these either -- quite a gap! Rosa chinensis varieties are quite tender, but recurrent. They tend to be martyrs to black spot. Also, R. chinensis has contributed yellow to the rose palette. As with the Bourbons, until this year I haven't lived where I could grow these easily, so have no experience with them. Tipo Ideale, also called Rosa Mutabilis, blooms pale yellow, and as the blossom ages, the color darkens through orange to dark red. I've seen this rose in public gardens and it is spectacular. I imagine the climber Joseph's Coat, whose blossoms go through the same changes, has lots of the Rosa Mutabilis genes in it. Archduke Charles blooms white, and the blossoms darken through pink to a purplish red. A blooming bush of Charles is also quite stunning, and I love to see someone else growing it. :o) The "Green Rose", Rosa chinensis viridiflora, does not have real petals: the flower bracts are extended and form green and brown blossom-like growths. I haven't seen this in person but [rest of message missing] Subject: Re: Old Roses Date: 10 Jan 92 20:27:49 GMT TK> >>There's a rose source in Texas that grows the old roses TK> >>onto their own root system. ANTIQUE ROSE EMPORIUM Route 5, Box 143 Brenham, TX 77833 telephone: (409) 836-9051 They offer a color/b&w catalog for $2.00, containing a broad selection of old garden roses, each well described, with a good deal of historical and cultural information. Roses are grown on their own roots, selectedd for fragrance and long bloom in Zones 6 and above. They also offer books for rosarians. The minimum order is $10 and they also will ship to Canada. Subject: Re: Old Roses Date: 11 Jan 92 06:10:40 GMT The catalog ($3) from Heirloom Old Garden Roses 24062 Riverside Dr NE St. Paul, OR 97137 comes highly recommended. I'm just sending away for mine, so I haven't seen it yet, but one hardcore antique rose freak I know said he almost died when he got his. He's not impressed easily. Subject: Re: Antique Roses Date: 27 Jan 92 22:37:15 GMT I purchased the bare-root plants by mail-order from: ROSES OF YESTERDAY & TODAY 802 Brown's Valley Road Watsonville, CA 95076-0398 (408) 724-3537 or 2755 The informative catalog is $3 and describes the plants very well. However, they will only mail the plants between the 1st of January until the end of May. NOTE: When I purchased roses from them, they were all grafted onto various rootstocks. Their is a mail-order source that sells UNGRAFTED bare-root antique roses. It is: ANTIQUE ROSE EMPORIUM Route 5, Box 143 Brenham, TX 77833 (409) 836-9051 Their catalog is $2 and they also ship only from Jan. 1 to May 30. ALL roses are grown on their own roots, selected for fragrance and long bloom in Zone 6 and above. Today, I learned of two additional sources for Old Garden Roses. They are: VINTAGE GARDENS 3003 Pleasant Hill Road Sebastapol, CA 95472 (1992 catalog - $1; 1993 catalog - $2) and HEIRLOOM OLD GARDEN ROSES 24062 N.E. Riverside St. Paul, OR 97137 catalog - $3 Subject: Re: Antique Roses Date: 29 Jan 92 19:05:34 GMT (With Pickering's 1991-2 catalog at my elbow ...) A number of old-fashioned roses do bloom recurrently. "Recurrently" is a slightly strange word in the rose world. A "non-recurrent bloomer" blooms for a month or two in June and July. A "recurrent bloomer" blooms then and also at other times during the season. This may range from the February-toNovember bloomers to a rose, whose main season bloom having been religiously dead-headed (the spent blooms cut off before they can make hips), will spit out a couple more blooms in September or so. Bearing that definition in mind, here's a quick survey of old-fashioned roses, with notes of *my* particular favorites: Polyanthas originated about 1875. They are parents of the mini-roses. Most are low growing, have large clusters of individual smallish blooms, and are recurrent. I don't have any personal experience with these. The Fairy is an extremely popular variety, blooming continuously with shell-pink flowers. You might even be able to get The Fairy at local nurseries. Hybrid Perpetuals originated about 1840. As their name implies, they are among the first recurrent varieties. Their blossom production tends to be a tad spotty after the initial flush. Mabel Morrison has an upright habit and opaque white gardenia-like roses on extremely short stems. The blossoms sit right in the leaves. Depending on the temperature at a crucial time in the bud formation, some blossoms might be very lightly flushed with pink, which results in a bush with some white roses and some very very pale pink roses, or even a rose with a few very pale pink streaks in the whiteness. Unfortunately, she has no scent. Shrub roses don't fit any category very well, and many are quite modern (which is why I use the term "old-fashioned" instead of "antique"). Many are recurrent. Alchymist is listed as growing to 6', but every one I've grown has had no problem sending canes out several yards. Depending on the climate, the blossoms may be an antique gold or have pink-peach highlights (the colder the winter, the more colorful the flower). The individual blooms are enormous and quite fragrant. It is listed as non-recurrent, but in NJ its season was close to three months. Rosa rugosa is a species native to Japan, and many attractive hybrids are mostly R. rugosa. The outstanding characteristics are coarse, heavily "quilted" leaves, large, attractive hips, extreme winter hardiness, resistance to disease, abundant thorns, continuous bloom, and tolerance of salt (for beachside gardens). Dr. Eckener compares favorably with Alchymist in vigor of growth. The blossoms are zoned yellow and bright pink, and are semi-double (8-20 or so petals). Dr. E. is quite fragrant, and has truly awesome thorns. Frau Dagmar Hartopp is a gem -- single, silky silver-pink blossoms, and relatively low growing. Alba roses are true antiques: Alba maxima was known in 1450. They are all non-recurrent. They have bluish-grey leaves and the blossoms are either white or pale pink. They are also winter hardy and fragrant. Madame Legras de St. Germain has small white blossoms with just a hint of lemon well inside. She grows rather low and is literally smothered in blossoms in June and July. The blossom petals are tiny and very abundant, and toss scent off in buckets. Bourbon roses were created accidentally as a cross between one of the antiques (I forget which) and Rosa chinensis, which had just been imported from (guess) China. R. chinensis is very tender, and some Bourbons are also rather tender, needing the cosseting one has to give to hybrid teas. However, they have enough more of their antique genes to resist disease much better than the H.T.'s. Some are recurrent, some not. I haven't grown any of these yet, not having lived in a place before now where I wouldn't have to baby them. But this year ...! Centifolia roses are the big "cabbage" roses you see on old wallpaper. They are very winter hardy, not recurrent, and extremely fragrant. The ones that Pickering lists range from light to dark pink and mauve to scarlet and dark purple. For some reason I haven't grown any of these either -- quite a gap! Rosa chinensis varieties are quite tender, but recurrent. They tend to be martyrs to black spot. Also, R. chinensis has contributed yellow to the rose palette. As with the Bourbons, until this year I haven't lived where I could grow these easily, so have no experience with them. Tipo Ideale, also called Rosa Mutabilis, blooms pale yellow, and as the blossom ages, the color darkens through orange to dark red. I've seen this rose in public gardens and it is spectacular. I imagine the climber Joseph's Coat, whose blossoms go through the same changes, has lots of the Rosa Mutabilis genes in it. Archduke Charles blooms white, and the blossoms darken through pink to a purplish red. A blooming bush of Charles is also quite stunning, and I love to see someone else growing it. :o) The "Green Rose", Rosa chinensis viridiflora, does not have real petals: the flower bracts are extended and form green and brown blossom-like growths. I haven't seen this in person but [rest of message missing]
Re: Favorite Old Roses I thought I would talk about some of my favorite old roses (and a few 'new' ones). Many people ask me about them, and I will talk about the ones I know about first-hand. All of these roses grew for me or my mother, and I helped in keeping them healthy and happy. First of all, let me tell you that I do not have a "rose garden" per se. My roses live in the flower border with other perennials and annuals planted in and around them. My aim is to grow a "perennial border" like Christopher Lloyd, (my gardening hero), but so far it's a far cry from Great Dixter. 1) Duchess de Brabant: Tea rose from 1857. Medium pink flowers, cupped and free flowering. Flowers continuously, with it's best bloom in the fall. The foliage is deep green with red undersides on the leaves. This rose is my absolute favorite over all others, and that is not an easy judgement to make. She grows well in full sun, but is sensitive to freezing weather. My bush died down to the ground this year, but it is coming back full swing, and already has two buds! 2) La Reine Victoria: Bourbon rose, 1872. Lilac-pink blooms that form perfect cups, even when fully open. Blooms continously. The foliage is light green, and the bush is tall and slender, about 5 ft tall and 3 ft wide. My poor bush has seen a lot of wear and tear. When it was rather large, I pruned it heavily and moved it from my mothers garden to mine. She didn't bloom last year, and I don't blame her for it. I moved her again this February to a sunnier location, and she is growing vigorously right now. 3) Honorine de Brabant: Bourbon Rose, date unknown. This is one of the old striped roses. The flowers are shades of pink and lilac with purple markings on a large cupped flower. One of the few striped roses to bloom continously. The plant is vigorous, with few thorns. Foliage medium green and lush. My plant was brand new last year but it grew very well. 4) Rose de Rescht: Portland rose, date unknown, discovered by Miss Nancy Lindsay. Flowers are a rich fuchsia-red color and are tightly formed into a perfect rosette, fully double. This rose has the most regular and perfect blooms I've seen so far. It is a small bush, medium green foliage, and it blooms all season long. 5) Rosa gallica versicolor (Rosa Mundi), Gallica rose of great antiquity (over 500 years old). This rose is striped, semi-double with deep rose madder red and white stripes. When it is in full bloom, the bush looks like a huge peppermint bush! The bush is very hardy and very lush. It blooms only in the spring, then the foliage starts look poorly. Subject to blackspot -- but the spring bloom is worth it all! I plant it among my other flowers so that when the bloom is over, the bush is not an eyesore. Re: Favorite Old Roses, Climbing Roses (from Usenet, rec.gardens) Subject: Re: Climbing Roses Date: 5 Mar 92 18:24:28 GMT I have just planted two old climbing roses I am very excited about SOMBREUIL: a tea rose, "capable of reaching great heights in a sheltered garden," and whose "fragrance, shiny dark green foliage, and spectacular creamy white flowers make this one of the most beautiful and useful of all roses." ZE'PHIRIN DROUHIN: a semi-double pink Bourbon, popular because the canes are (really!) thornless. Both of these are popular in the South, so should do well in the Central Valley, but may be too tender for northern gardens. Also, DORTMUND: a single red flower with white eye, said to have holly like foliage and good heat tolerance. I'd try it if I had more room. All are highly rated and fairly disease resistant, though ZD may be subject to mildew. The first two are available from Smith & Hawken, the other is stocked by Berkeley Horticultural or try the usual suspects (I can provide a list of old rose nurseries, if there is any demand.)
Subject: Old Rose sources Summary: list of nurseries Date: 31 Mar 92 20:41:52 GMT Disclaimer: this list is not exhaustive and may contain inaccuracies. No endorsement of products or service is necessarily (known or) implied. The two large growers suspected of conspiring to block free trade with Canada have been deliberately omitted... Antique Rose Emporium Route 5, Box 143 Brenham, TX 77833 409 836-9051 catalog $2.00 Carroll Gardens P.O. Box 310 Westminster, MD 21157 301 848-5422 Corn Hill Nursery RR 5, Route 890 Petitcodiac, N.B. E0A 2H0 Canada 506 756-3635 catalog $2.00 Country Bloomers Nursery 20091 E. Chapman Ave. Orange, CA 92669 714 633-7222 Country Heritage Roses Route 2, Box 1401 Scurry, TX 75158 214 452-3380 Earl May Seed & Nursery L.P. Shenandoah, IA 51603 800 831-4193 Forest Farms 990 Tetherow Road Williams, OR 97544 503 846-6963 catalog $1.50 Forevergreen Farm 70 New Gloucester Road North Yarmouth, ME 04021 207 829-5830 catalog free Greenmantle Nursery 3010 Ettersburg Road Garberville, CA 95440 707 986-7504 Gurney Seed & Nursery 110 Capitol Street Yankton, SD 57079 605 665-4451 Heirloom Old Garden Roses Oregon 503 538-1576 Heritage Rosarium 211 Haviland Mill Road Brookeville, MD 20833 301 774-2806 catalog $1.00 Heritage Rose Gardens 16831 Mitchell Creek Drive Fort Bragg, CA 95437 707 964-3748 catalog $1.00 High Country Rosarium 1717 Downing at Park Ave. Denver, CO 80218 303 832-4026 Historical Roses 1657 W. Jackson Street Painesville, OH 44077 216 357-7270 Hortico Roses Robson Road, RR 1 Waterdown, Ontario L0R 2H1 Canada 416 689-6984 catalog $2.00 Inter-State Nurseries P.O. Box 10 Louisiana, MI 63353 314 754-4525 800 325-4180 Kimbrew-Walter Roses Route 2, Box 172 Grand Saline, TX 75140 214 829-2968 Krider Nurseries P.O. Box 29 Middlebury, IN 46540 219 825-5714 Lowe's Own Root Roses 6 Sheffield Road Nashua, NH 03062 603 888-2214 catalog $2.00 Morden Nurseries P.O. Box 1270 Morden, Manitoba R0G 1J0 Canada 204 822-3311 Pickering Nurseries 670 Kingston Road Hwy 2 Pickering, Ontario L1V 1A6 Canada 416 839-2111 catalog $2.00 (free price list) Rose Acres 6641 Crystal Blvd. Diamond Springs, CA 95619 916 626-1722 Roses of Yesterday & Today 802 Brown's Valley Road Watsonville, CA 95076 408 724-3537 catalog $3.00 Smith & Hawken (seems to be expanding into the old rose market) 25 Corte Madera Mill Valley, CA 94941 catalog info 415 383-2000 Yesterday's Rose 572 Las Colindas Road San Rafael, CA 94903 Bev Dobson's Combined Rose List 215 Harriman Road Irvington, NY 10533 (to locate source of any commercially propagated rose) Re: Roses List Species Roses Rosa Foetida single petals yellow Rosa foetida Persiana double flowers yellow Rose foetida bicolor single orange Mrs. Colville single red Rosa pimpinellifolia "double white double flowers white Rosa canina single pink Kiftsgate single, rambler white Alba Roses Great Maiden's Blush fully double blush pink Jeanne d'Arc fully double white Rosa alba 'semiplena' semi-double white Felicite Parmentier double pale pink Gallica Roses Rosa gallica semi-double rose madder Rosa gallica versicolor double rose/white striped Charles de Mills full double deep pink Tuscany Superb full double fuchsia Georges Vibert full double striped Damask Roses Rose de Rescht full double rose madder Celsiana double pale pink Madamme Hardy double white Pink Leda double medium pink Duchess de Montebello double palest pink Leda double white/pink edges Many of these roses are available from Wayside Gardens. I had ordered four roses from them, and three are doing wonderfully. The fourth died, and I called them today. They will send me a replacement this week, no charge. I like this company! Re: Old Roses (from Usenet, rec.gardens, Bob Batson, Susan Ford) Date: 30 Mar 92 16:57:07 GMT Here is a list of some of the main old rose varieties. I will follow it up with a selection of roses from each group. Species Roses These plants are the ancestors of all of the roses. Species refers to the plants as they have been found in the wild, un-changed and un-hybridized. For the most part, species roses are single petalled, and some are semi-double. The different varieties come in yellow, pink, rose madder red, and white. They are also very LARGE bushes, growing up to 50 feet or more. The Lady Banks rose is an example of a species rose. Most of them only bloom once a year. Gallicas The flowers of the gallicas are usually flat and fully double, the bushes have few thorns, and they are easy to raise from seed. The town of Provins, France, was for 600 years the center of a great rose industry based on _R. gallica officinalis_ (Red Rose of Lancaster) and some of its forms. This rose was believed to have medicinal properties. The Empress Josephine collected gallica roses for her garden in Malmaisson. Some of the roses in this family date back to the 12th and 13th centurys. Most of them are shades of rose madder and pink, and bloom only once in a season. Damasks This is the first old rose family to have ever-blooming flowers. It is possible that this rose was brought to Europe by the Greek traders in the main ports of the Mediterrainian between 800 and 600 B.C. The flowers are usually fully double, flowering in summer, and then again in fall. They are said to be repeat bloomers, instead of ever blooming. Their parentage is unknown, but it is believed that they come from a cross of Rosa gallica and an everblooming Asian species. An example of this rose family is Autumn Damask, or "Quatre Saisons". The petals of this rose were scattered under the feet of the Roman Emperors as they walked along in public. Centifolias Centifolia means 'hundred petals', and these roses are the most fully double of them all. The roses are very full, and the petals divide into quarters within the flower. This rose dates back to bout 410 B.C. These roses make good climbers. Most of the centifolias bloom only once in spring. Mosses This large family of roses are called mosses because their stems have thousands of tiny thorns on them, and even the flower bracts are 'mossy' with thorns. The flowers are usually double, and bloom in the spring. We had a moss rose, and the flowers were the most intense pink/purple I have ever seen on any rose. It was beautful. Portland Developed in the middle of the 19th century, this rose family has mostly ever-blooming or perpetual blooming roses. The first family was produced in England at about 1800. The rose was named Duchess of Portland, hence the name Portland roses. A good Portland rose is Comte de Chambourd.
Bourbons These roses came from a natural cross of a China rose and a damask rose. The bushes are compact and the roses are fewer, but much better flowers in the fall than the other rose families. This is personally my favorite group of old roses. The flowers are very double and globular shaped. They have a beautiful bloom in the fall, and won't quit blooming until the frost kills them. Some examples are Honorine de Brabant, La Reine Victoria, Madamme Isaac Periere, and Souvenir de la Malmaison. China Roses It was with the introduction of the China roses to Europe that true ever-blooming roses were developed. Portlands, Bourbons, and perhaps even Damasks were produced by crossing them with China roses. Although not very popular in the garden, these roses are very important to the history of rose culture. Some Available Old Roses Species Roses ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Rosa Foetida single petals yellow Rosa foetida Persiana double flowers yellow Rose foetida bicolor single orange Mrs. Colville single red Rosa pimpinellifolia "double white double flowers white Rosa canina single pink Kiftsgate single, rambler white Alba Roses ^^^^^^^^^^ Great Maiden's Blush fully double blush pink Jeanne d'Arc fully double white Rosa alba 'semiplena' semi-double white Felicite Parmentier double pale pink Gallica Roses ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Rosa gallica semi-double rose madder Rosa gallica versicolor double rose/white striped Charles de Mills full double deep pink Tuscany Superb full double fuchsia Georges Vibert full double striped Damask Roses ^^^^^^^^^^^^ Rose de Rescht full double rose madder Celsiana double pale pink Madamme Hardy double white Pink Leda double medium pink Duchess de Montebello double palest pink Leda double white/pink edges Comte de Chambord double pink/lilac Bourbon Roses ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Honorine de Brabant double striped/lilac/white Madame Isaac Pereire fully double rose madder La Reine Victoria double, cupped med. pink Boule de Neige double white Madame Pierre Oger double pale pink Souvenir de al Malmaison double/flat flesh pink Ferdinand Pichard double red/white striped Reine des Violettes double purple Moss Roses ^^^^^^^^^^ General Kleber double palest pink Shailer's White Moss double white William Lobb double lilac Centifolia Roses ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Tour de Malkoff double deep fushcia Chapeau de Napoleon double pink De Meaux double pale pink Hybrid Musk Roses ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Cornelia semi double pink Ballerina single whtie & pink Penelope semi double pale yellow Nymphenburg semi double apricot pink Rugosa Roses ^^^^^^^^^^^^ Blanc Double de Coubert double white Topaz Jewel double yellow Reseraie de l'Hay doulbe med. pink Linda Campbell double red Alba single white Fru Dagmar Hastrup single pink Hansa double deep deep pink Many of these may be found in Wayside Rose Catalog. Also, check your better nurseries. Old roses are beginning to show up. I just found a good speciman of "Souvenir de la Malmaison" for $7!!!!! What a find! Article 9875 (69 more) in rec.gardens: From: [email protected] Subject: FAQ -- Catalogs for Peppers Date: 10 Aug 92 11:46:31 -0500 Organization: University of Northern Iowa Lines: 41 CATALOGS OF PEPPER (CAPSICUM) SOURCES Mike Huben saved this list of pepper-lovers catalogs:
Horticultural Enterprises P.O. Box 810082 Dallas, Texas 75381-0082 Native Seeds/Search 3950 W New York Drive Tucson, AZ 85745 Cat $1; Chiltepine peppers as well as landraces of other vegetables of the SW US and adjacent Mexico. Old Southwest Trading Company P.O. Box 7545 Albuquerque, NM 87194 Pepper Gal (The) 10536 119th Ave. North Largo, FL 34643 Porter & Son 1510 E. Washington St P.O. Box 104 Stephenville, TX 76401 Seed Savers Exchange Rural Route 1, Box 239 Decorah, IA 52101 Shepherd's Garden Seeds 30 Irene St. Torrington, CT 06790 St. Thomas Vegetable Products Box 9519 St Thomas, VI 00801 phone # (809) 779-2904 Re: Pepper seed sources SEED SAVERS EXCHANGE Rural Route 1, Box 239 Decorah, IA 52101 THE PEPPER GAL 10536 119th Ave. North Largo, FL 34643 Horticultural Enterprises P.O. Box 810082 Dallas, Texas 75381-0082 Porter & Son 1510 E. Washington St P.O. Box 104 Stephenville, TX 76401 Shepherd's Garden Seeds 30 Irene St. Torrington, CT 06790 St Thomas Vegtable Products Box 9519 St Thomas, VI 00801 phone # (809) 779-2904 Subject: Re: Peppers Date: 21 May 92 21:51:04 GMT Here are some mail order addresses for peppers. I got them in context of a discussion of hot peppers, but they may have some sweet peppers available. I would also check standard seed catalogs for sweet peppers. Casa Moneo 210 W. 14th Street New York, NY 10011 La Preferida, Inc. 3400 W. 35th Street Chicago, IL 60632 The Pepper Gal, Dorothy L. Van Vleck, 10536 119th Avenue North, Largo, FL 34643 Roswell Seed Co., 115-117 South Main, P.O. Box 725, Roswell, NM 88201, (505) 622-7701 Plants of the Southwest, 1812 Second Street, Santa Fe, NM 87501 Porter and Son, Seedsmen, 1512 East Washington Street, Stephenville, TX 76401
Re: HOT peppers Subject: Beyond Habanero or the list of hot chiles Date: 10 Feb 92 22:06:39 GMT The List of Hot Chiles: REF: Redwood City Seed, box 361, redwood city, ca, 94064, CAT $1 HS=ounces of sauce that will be detectably hot with one ounce of chiles chiles are tested in state normally used Anaheim: HS=25 fresh U.S. Ancho: HS=50 fresh Serrano: HS=133 fresh Mex. Ancho: HS=135 fresh Fresno: HS=280 fresh Jalapeno: HS=400 fresh Guru Palace: HS=1,300 fresh Guajillo: HS=1,300 dried Cayenne: HS=2,500 fresh Japones: HS=2,500 fresh HABANERO: HS=2,500 fresh, unusual apricot flavor, reputedly the hottest Aji Rojo: HS=3,500 dried Thai: HS=6,700 dried De Arbol: HS=8,000 dried Red/Tabasco: HS=10,000 fresh Zimbabwe Bird: HS=19,500 dried Pequin: HS=20,000 dried TEPIN: HS=50,000 dried without seeds, 13,000 dried with seeds The Hottest, Guiness Book of World Records BTW: Redwood City is also a source of seeds, if you want to grow these. Re: Sources for pepper seeds Subject: Habanero, Chili Date: 9 Apr 92 15:21:45 GMT One source for seeds is Shepherd's Garden Seeds in Connecticut. Their number fo r a credit card order is (203) 482-3638. The stock nuber is #1964, cost 1.75$. Their address is: Shepherd's Garden Seeds 30 Irene St. Torrington, CT 06790 A second source is St Thomas Vegtable Products Box 9519 St Thomas, VI 00801 phone # (809) 779-2904 They advertise a grow kit. It includes domesticated growing instructions, seed and a jar of habanero chili paste. Price 19.50 + 4.50 S&H.
Subject: RE: pepper seeds Date: 10 Apr 92 14:45:50 GMT There have been quite a few requests for various types of pepper seeds and I have a catalogue from a company in Dallas, Texas, that specializes in pepper seeds. I haven't had a chance to try their product so I can't give any comments about quality or yield. Following is their name and address and a list of the peppers in their catalogue. I hope this helps. They don't list the SCOTCH BONNETT pepper which is frequently mistaken for and more frequently passed off as HABANERO so if you are interested in those perhaps in a year or so someone could tell us which they really are. Horticultural Enterprises P.O. Box 810082 Dallas, Texas 75381-0082 ANCHO (Chile Poblano) CUBANELLE COLORADO (mild or hot) MIRASOL ANAHEIM (mild or hot) HUNGARIAN HOT WAX PASILLA FRESNO CHILE GRANDE CHERRY (sweet or hot) JALAPENO (also TAM variety) SERRANO PIMIENTO GRANDE TAKANOTUSME SANTA FE GRANDE GOLDSPIKE YELLOW SWEET WAX TOMATILLO ROUMANIAN (sweet or hot) JUPITER CAYENNE YUNG KO TA TONG PEPERONCINI ITALIAN SWEET GABANERO FLORAL GEM NUMEX BIG JIM NUMEX R. NAKY PETITE YELLOW CALORO HIDALGO ESPANOLA IMPROVED RUBY GIANT CHIA (not the pet B-)) CILANTRO (Coriander, Chinese parsley) TATUME SUPER SIOUX Terms are check or money order and no C.O.D.'s. All seeds are $1 per package and there's a $1 postage/handling fee.
Re: Frost resistant chiles (from Usenet, rec.gardens) Date: 14 Apr 92 18:25:46 GMT I heard (saw) a rumor (posting) on r.g that there are no frost resistant chiles. OK: Capsicum baccatum v. pendulum Andean Aji (~25oF?) Capsicum pubescens chile manzano rojo y amarillo, (red and yellow apple chiles), rocoto (~28oF?) Capsicum (?) (also has pubescent leaves) chile de arbol (~30oF?)
Seed Source: J.L. Hudson, Seedsman, po box 1058, redwood city, ca, 94064, CAT $1 More Info Source: ----------------Solanaceae Enthusiasts, 3370 princeton ct, santa clara, ca, 95051 All I know about this outfit is that they are listed in Cornucopia as a source of newsletters and books. Since I happen to know that this is also the house of the world famous solanaceae expert, Mr. John Riley, Re: Another pepper seed source (from Usenet, rec.gardens) Subject: Re: Pepper Problems Date: 28 Apr 92 14:54:12 GMT And finally, here is the address for my pepper seed suplier: Porter & Son 1510 E. Washington St P.O. Box 104 Stephenville, TX 76401 I've only ordered from them once, but everything they sent was satisfactory. They have lots more stuff than just peppers seeds.
Subject: HOT PEPPER SCALE Date: 9 Oct 92 13:07:04 GMT For anyone who has expressed an interest in a hot pepper scale, here are a few scales I have compiled over the last few months, both from the net and other sources. The final column is my own perception of a pepper heat index, however it is suspect because it's my own taste (I used a 1-10 scale as in "The Great Chile Book" so I arbitrarily assigned habeneros a 10 as in the book). I mentioned only peppers which appeared in at least two sources. SOURCE (1) "The Great Chile Book" by M. Miller, scale of 1-10 (10 is hottest) SOURCE (2) Redwood City Seed Company, "HS" Hot Sauce scale, ounces of sauce that will be detectably hot with one ounce of chiles SOURCE (3) "The Whole Chile Pepper Magazine", Scoville Unit scale X1000, obtained by high pressure liquid chromatography SOURCE (4) My own palette ALL SOURCES: (d) dried, (f) fresh Aji Rojo, (1) 7-8.5 f, (2) 3500 d, (3) 30-50 f Anaheim, (1) 2-3 f, (2) 25 f, (4) 2 f Ancho, (1) 5 d, (2) 50 f, (4) 2-3 f Cayenne, (1) 8 d, (2) 2500 f, (3) 30-50 f, (4) 8 f, 7 d Cherry Red, (1) 3 f, 3 d, (4) 4 f Chipotle, (1) 6 d, (2) 2500 d, (3) 50-100 f De Arbol, (1) 7.5 d, (2) 8000 d, (3) 15-30 f Guajillo, (1) 2-4 d, (2) 1300 Habenero, (1) 10 d, (2) 2500 f ,10000 d, (3) 100-300 f, (4) 10 f Jalapeno, (1) 5.5 f, (2) 400 f, (3) 2.5-5 f, (4) 5 f Pequin, (1) 8.5 d, (2) 20000 d, (3) 30-50 f Problano, (1) 3 f, (2) 135 f, (4) 2-3 f Rocoto, (1) 7-8 f, (3) 30-50 f Serrano, (1) 7 f, 7.5 d, (2) 133 f, (3) 5-15 f, (4) 6 f Tabasco, (1) 9 f, (2) 10000 f, (3) 30-50 f, (4) 9 f Tepin, (1) 8 f, 8 d, (2) 13000 f, 50000 d Thai, (1) 7-8 f, (2) 6700 d, (3) 50-100 f, (4) 9 f Yellow Wax, (1) 1 f, (3) 5-15 f, (4) 2 f
From: James H. Sterling Newsgroups: misc.rural Subject: North Star hybrid bell pepper plug transplants available. Date: Thu, 12 May 94 23:41:09 -0500 North Star hybrid bell pepper transplants are available for sale and some other varieties also. Some are .8" and some 1.0" greenhouse grown plug transplants. They can be used for a fresh market or a processing pepper crops. Yields from 15 to 23 tons per acre were achieved with the North Star variety last year (1993). If you're interested, or know of any one who might be, please contact me at one of the addresses or numbers below for prices and time of availability . Thank you. James H. Sterling (Jim), Field Manager Postal: Moody Dunbar, Inc., P.O. Box 68, Limestone, TN 37681 UPS: 3202 Highway 107, Chuckey, TN 37641 Tel: Voice: 615-257-2131 Fax: 615-257-3649 Wats: 800-251-8202 email: [email protected] or [email protected]
From: Brian Lo Subj: FAQ: Peppers Date: Wed, 1 Mar 1995 09:10:47 -0800 PEPPERS Capsicum annuum and C. frutescens Taxonomists have only recently begun to agree regarding classification of the domesticated species of Capsicum. Although 5 species are described, only two, C. annuum and C. frutescens have any significance commercially in the U.S.A. Early species separation on the basis of fruit shape, color and position are of little taxonomic value. Flower and seed color, shape of the calyx, the number of flowers per node and their orientation, are the primary separating characteristics. C. annuum is the most important domesticated species in the U.S.A. and is the species to which all bell peppers, and all the peppers listed below belong (unless specified otherwise.) The only C. frutescens pepper of any significance is Tabasco. The Tabasco pepper is difficult to cross with C. annuum types. Hot peppers may belong to any of above species and others. The C. chinense varieties Habanero and Scotch Bonnet are considered the hottest. See other comments under "Novelty" pepper section below. The interest in peppers extends to their nutritive and medicinal value in that peppers are a recognized source of Vitamins C, E and are high in antioxidants. These compounds are associated with chemoprevention of cardiovascular disorders, cancers, and cataracts. Peppers are a warm-season crop and need a long season for maximum production. Temperature has a large effect on the rate of plant and fruit growth and the development and quality of the red or yellow pigments. Ideal temperature for red pigment development is between 65 and 75 F. Above this range the red color becomes yellowish, and below it color development slows dramatically and stops completely below 55 F. Many excellent pepper varieties are available. Test several and select the ones that do well under your production system, and meets your market needs. PUNGENCY RATINGS The most common sensory method to determine pungency in peppers has been an organoleptic test (Scoville, a dilution-taste procedure) with results expressed as Scoville Heat Units (SHU). The validity and accuracy of it have been widely criticized. The American Spice Trade Association and the International Organization for Standardization have adopted a modified version. The American Society for Testing and Materials is considering other organoleptic tests (the Gillett method) and a number of chemical tests to assay for capsaicinoids involved in pungency. Still, the values obtained by the various tests are often related to Scoville Heat Units. A "National Fiery Foods Show" is held annually in Albuquerque NM. For more information call 505/873-2187. RECOMMENDED BELL PEPPER VARIETIES (approximately 60-70 days to first harvest from transplants): Bell (green): Belle Star, Yankee Bell, Bell King, North Star, Wonder Bell, Lady Bell, Jupiter Elite, Park's Early Thickset, Bell Tower, Skipper, Bellboy, Mission Bell, Ringer, Bell Captain, Melody, Ace Hybrid, Cardinal. Research in the Hermiston area indicates that Jupiter Elite, Bell Tower, Belmont, Galaxy and Skipper performed well. For trial: Camelot, Inia, Merlin, Ranger, Summersweet, Wonderbelle, Cubico. Note: In 1992, Bell Star and Yankee Bell produced the highest proportion of 4-lobed, blocky peppers. Their plant growth is more open, and not as many peppers were misshaped by growing among branches and being confined between other fruit. Bell (Red): Many green bell peppers turn red when fully mature. However, early, large-fruited, thick-walled varieties, demanded by the market, are rare. Research at O.S.U. and from British Columbia indicates that Lady Bell, La Bamba, Four Corners, Merlin, Ace Hybrid, Bellboy and Cardinal performed best. Four Corners and Merlin also had thick-walls. For trial: Bell Star, Melody, North Star, Ringer, Candice, Vidi and Predi. Bell (yellow): Golden Belle and Astro (bright yellow), Klondike Bell (early, high yield, has an some orange tinge), Honey Bell, Golden Cal Wonder, Orobelle (orange-yellow). For trial: Atlantic, Summer Sweet, Marengo (Lamuyo type); Gold Crest (small fruit) and Summer Sweet (both turn yellow or orangeyellow quickly). Bell (orange): Corona (performed best in OSU trials in '92). Oriole (best in trials in British Columbia). For trial: Ariane, Kerala, Ori, Valencia. Purple, chocolate, and white bell peppers (see list below). These are intermediate colors lasting 7-10 days then turning red. Note: Many of the red, yellow and orange peppers found in the market are greenhouse-grown from varieties specially developed for greenhouse production. Bell pepper varieties for greenhouse production of green or red fruit for specialty markets (for trial only): Cubico, Flair, Plutona, Delphin. Yellow fruit: Samantha, Gloden Flame, Golden Belle, Golden Crest, Marengo, Orobelle, Olympic. Orange fruit: Ariane, Valencia. --------------------------------------------------------------------------
Catagory, type of fruit attachment and pungency range: variety name Color Stages Pungency Remarks -------------------------------------------------------------------------Bell; 3.5"X4.5", fruit pendant, pungency 0-100 Scoville Heat Units (SHU): Bell King green to red sweet early Bell Captain green to red sweet thick walls Bell Tower green to red sweet smooth Bellboy green to red sweet thick wall Bellestar green to red sweet smooth California Wonder 300 green to red sweet late, thick Cardinal green to red sweet thick wall Four Corners green to red sweet good shape Jupiter green to red sweet large, mid Lady Bell green to red sweet early Midway green to red sweet early Mission Belle green to red sweet v. smooth Parks Early Thickset green to red sweet early Parks Whopper green to red sweet med. Pip green to red sweet large Predi green to red sweet large, deep red Ringer green to red sweet large, mid Skipper green to red sweet smooth Sweet Belle green to red sweet mid Goldie yellow to red sweet early Gypsy yellow to red sweet early Yellow Belle yellow to red sweet early Early Bountiful to yellow sweet Golden Summer to yellow sweet late Golden Cal. Wonder to yellow sweet thick wall Golden Bell to yellow sweet early Inia to yellow sweet thick wall Klondike Bell to yellow sweet early, thick wall Orobelle to yellow sweet thick wall Summer Sweet 820 to yellow sweet Golden Crest to orng-yellow sweet Quadrato d'Oro to orng-yellow sweet Ariane to orange sweet large, thick Corona to orange sweet large, thick Kerala to orange sweet large, thick Oriole to orange sweet large, thick Salsa RZ to orange sweet large, thick Super Stuff yellow to orange sweet early
Catagory, type of fruit attachment and pungency range. Variety name Color Stages Pungency* Remarks -------------------------------------------------------------------------Bell peppers continued: Lorelei purple then red sweet small Purple Beauty purple then red sweet small Purple Belle purple then red sweet small Violetta purple then red sweet small Blue Jay to lavender then red sweet Islander to lavender then red sweet Lilac to lavender then red sweet Chocolate Bell to chocolate sweet large fruit Mulato to chocolate Sweet Chocolate to chocolate sweet small fruit Albino to white then red sweet small Dove to white then red sweet small Ivory to white then red sweet Elongated Bell; (lamuyo type fruit) 3.5"x5"; pendant, pungency 0-100 SHU: Blue Star green to red sweet large, late Elisa green to red sweet mid Marengo green to yellow sweet Melody green to red sweet early Signet green to yellow sweet early Other peppers and their descriptions (approximately 65-105 days depending on type). Anaheim; fruit 2"x7"; pendant, pungency 500-3,500 SHU (most 500-1000 SHU): Anaheim TMR green to red mild Anaheim M green to red warm Coronado green to red warm New Mexico 64L green to red mild NuMex Conquistador green to red sweet for paprika Volcano green to red hot Poblano/ancho; fruit heart-shaped 3"-4" x 4"-7"; pendant, 1,000-2,000 SHU. The poblano pepper is a major type grown in Mexico, used green, red or dried (called ancho when dried). It is commonly used for chiles rellenos: Ancho 101 dark green to red mild thick wall Esmeralda dark green to red ditto New Mexican dark green to red ditto Poblano dark green to red warm ditto Verdano dark green to red ditto Catagory, type of fruit attachment and pungency range. variety name Color Stages Pungency* Remarks -------------------------------------------------------------------------Elongated, tapered; fruit variable shapes and sizes; pendant, 0-1000 SHU: Banana Supreme green to yellow sweet early Canape green to yellow sweet early Cuban yel-grn:red orange warm Cubanelle yel-grn:red orange mild long fruit Hungarian Wax grnish yel:yellow warm Sweet Banana grnish yel:yellow sweet Cherry; about 1" diameter; upright, 100-5,000 SHU: Cascabel green to red hot Large Red Cherry green to red warm Sweet Cherry green to red warm Cayenne; fruit 0.5"x3"; pendant, 30,000-50,000 SHU. A favorite in Creole and Cajun cooking: Cayenne, Large Red Thick green to red firey slender Cayenne continued... Cayenne, Long Slim green to red firey slender Carolina Cayenne green to red firey Charlston Hot grn to orange to red firey to 4" long Super Cayenne green to red firey long slender Jalapeno; fruit 1.5"x3"; pendant, 2,500-5000 SHU. The most common hot chili grown in the U.S.A.: Jalapa green to red hot blunt cylind. Jalapeno M green to red very hot thick wall Jalapeno Hot green to red hot smooth Mitla hybrid green to red hot thick, blunt cyl. Tam Jalapeno #1 green to red hot thick wall Pimento; fruit 1.5"x2.5"; pendant, 0-100 SHU: Pimento L green to red sweet thick wall Serrano; fruit 0.5"x2.25"; pendant, 5,000-10,000 SHU: Serrano types dark green to red very hot small Tabasco C. frutescens; fruit 0.25"x 1.25";pendant, 30,000-50,000 SHU: Tabasco green to red firey small Novelty, ornamental: Marbles (prolific round, mix of green, yellow and red fruit), Riot (prolific upright long fruit, mix of green, yellow and red). Habanero (C. chinense) a firey-hot box-shaped small pepper turning from green to orange. Although the Habanero (C. chinense) pepper has been listed as being the hottest of all peppers, some rated at 200,000 to 300,000 SHU, not all Habaneros are hot! Hot Habanero peppers are used to make hot bottled sauces. They are grown mainly in Central America and the Yucatan. Other C chinense extremely hot peppers include Scotch Bonnet (yellow), and Bahamian. SEED COMPANIES Abbott & Cobb Inc. POB F307, Feasterville, PA 19047 Asgrow Seed Company, POB 5038, Salinas CA 93915 De Ruiter Seeds Inc. POB 20228, Columbus, OH 43220 ENZA Zaden, POB 7, 1600 AA, Enkhuisen, Netherlands 02280-15844 Ferry-Morse Seed Co. POB 4938, 555 Codoni Ave. Modesto, CA 95352 Harris Moran Seed Co. 3670 Buffalo Rd. Rochester, NY 14624 La Marche Seeds International, POB 190, Dixon, CA 95620 Nickerson-Zwaan Seed Co. POB 1787, Gilroy, CA 95021 Petoseed Co. Inc. POB 4206, Saticoy, CA 93303 Rogers NK. POB 4727, Boise, ID 83711-4727 Royal Sluis Inc. 1293 Harkins Rd. Salinas, CA 93901 Sluis & Groot of America Inc. 124 Griffin Street, Salinas, CA 93901 Stokes Seeds Inc. POB 548, Buffalo, NY 14240 Sunseeds, 2320 Technology Pkwy. Hollister, CA 95023 The Pepper Gal. POB 12534 Lake Park, FL 33403-0534 Vilmorin Inc. POB 707 Empire, CA 95319 W. Osborne Seed Co. Int'l. 1679 Highway 99 South, Mount Vernon, WA 98273 Zenner Bros. Seed Co., Inc. 1311 S.E. Gideon St. Portland, OR 97202 Zwaan Seeds Inc. POB 397, Woodstown New Jersey 08098-0397 SOIL Peppers grow best on well-drained, moderately fertile soils. Use a soil test to determine fertilizer and liming requirements. Adjust soil pH to near neutral (7.0) for maximum yields. SEED AND SEED TREATMENT Pepper seed numbers approximately 72,000 per pound, but bell peppers are not normally direct seeded. Use high quality, fungicide treated seed in the production of transplants. Some seed companies now offer "vigorized' or "conditioned" seed which has better germination under cool soil conditions. Peppers are sensitive to damping-off. Most chile and spice peppers are direct-seeded. In direct seeded plantings a pop-up fertilizer solution may be helpful. Spray directly on the seed a solution of 2-6-0 at 1 pint per 100 lineal feet of row (use 1/2 this rate on sandy soils). A 2-6-0 solution is equivalent to 1 part of 10-34-0 liquid fertilizer diluted with 4 parts of water.
TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENTS Pepper is a warm-temperature vegetable and requires a long growing season. Transplants which are grown should be kept close to the following temperatures: Days:65-85 F. Nights: 60-65 F. Temperatures above 95 F may result in flower bud drop. Highest yields are obtained when soil temperatures remain in the 70-75 F range. Soil temperatures below 68 F may result in substantial yield reductions. The use of clear plastic mulch applied over herbicide treated soil, or black plastic mulch, or the new IRT (wave-length selective) mulch is strongly recommended. A very few peppers are sometimes grown in greenhouses. The varieties Bellboy, Blue Star and Mogador are reported to tolerate cool temperatures that sometimes occur in off-season greenhouse production. TRANSPLANT PRODUCTION AND TRANSPLANTING It takes between 3 and 4 ounces of seed to produce enough plants for an acre. Seeds should be planted in a heated greenhouse 6 to 8 weeks before the field transplanting date. When growing transplants in unheated greenhouses, cold frames or field transplant beds, 8 to 14 weeks may be necessary. Seedlings are transplanted to other flats when the first true leaves are l l/2 in. long and spaced 2 to 2 l/2 in. apart in the greenhouse or plant bed. At all times handle pepper seedlings with care because they are easily broken or damaged. Harden transplants for about a week before transplanting to the field by reducing moisture and maintaining a temperature of 55 to 65 F. This will give resistance to wilting and sunscald. Apply a starter fertilizer solution to the transplants when transplanting to the field. Select starter fertilizers that have the highest level of phosphorus available, such as 10-52-17, 11-48-0, 11-55-0 dry fertilizers or 10-34-0 liquid fertilizer. Make up a stock solution of 3 lbs of the dry, such as 10-52-17, or 2 pints of liquid 10-34-0 per 50 gallons of water. Use 1/2 pint of of this stock solution per plant, applying the solution directly to the plant roots when setting in the field. You will need about 13 fifty gallon batches to transplant an acre. Depth of transplanting has normally been to the top of the roots or root ball. Research from Florida with the variety Jupiter suggests that pepper transplants may benefit from being set deeper, up to the first true leaf. Thirty days after transplanting, plants planted to the first true leaf had more leaves, greater plant dry weight, more blooms and less lodging than transplants planted to the cotyledons or to the top of the root ball. Other data from Pennsylvania suggest caution however. Soil temperature and moisture would be important considerations. Greenhouse peppers are sown October through February for harvest of red fruit approximately 5 months later, March through July. SPACING Space rows, or pairs of rows about 18-36 inches apart. Plants should be 12-l8 in. apart in the row and between pairs of rows, depending on method of transplanting and transplanter capability. These spacings represent a plant population of from 10,000 to 29,000 per acre Leave roadways across the field at about 150 foot intervals to facilitate carrying pails of peppers to collection locations if a harvester aid and bulk loading is not used. When using plastic mulch, plant 2 rows of peppers per mulch strip, using 36 inch wide platic. Space plastic strips 5-6 feet apart. Use drip irrigation tubing under the plastic mulch between the two pepper rows, with drip emmiters at 9 inch spacing down the row. In greenhouse production, allow 3.0 to 3.5 square feet/plant. Plants are pruned to a 2-stem training system. After 10-12 leaves have developed, the plant forks, and a flower develops at the fork. Two or three branches are produced, of which the two strongest are chosen for further production. These must be supported by a string or post, and all subsequent branches removed after the 2nd leaf. Restrict fruit set on the two stems until at least 3 or 4 leaf axils have formed or stem growth and subsequent fruit set will be greatly reduced. FERTILIZER A soil test is the most accurate guide to fertilizer requirements. The following recommendations are general guidelines for loamy soils or when organic matter exceeds 2 1/2% : Nitrogen: 75-100 (N) lb/acre. Side-dress with 35-50 lb/acre of nitrogen after the first flowers are set. Where mulching and trickle irrigation are practiced, additional nitrogen can be fed through the trickle irrigation system at l5 lb./acre when the first fruit begins to set and an additional l5 lb./acre four weeks after. To prevent clogging or plugging from occurring use soluble forms of nitrogen (urea or Ammonium nitrate) and chlorinate the system once a month with a l0 to 50 ppm chlorine solution. Chlorinate more frequently if the flow rate decreases. Phosphate: 100-150 (P2 O5) lb/acre Potash: 100-200 (K2 O) lb/acre depending on soil test. Sulfur: 30-35 (S) lb/acre pH: Add lime if below 6.0 GROUND MULCHES AND ROW COVERS The use of clear plastic mulch applied over herbicide treated soil, or black plastic ground mulch is recommended. The use of ground mulch increases soil temperature, conserves soil moisture, and controls weeds, increasing yields and is strongly recommended especially for production in western Oregon. A new generation of plastic mulch films allows for good weed control together with soil warming that is intermediate between black plastic and clear film. These films are called IRT (infra-red transmitting) films. They are more expensive than black or clear films, but may be cost-effective where soil warming is important. (See also section on spacing). Spunbonded polyester and perforated polyethylene row covers may be used for 4 to 6 weeks immediately after transplanting depending on temperature. Research in Illinois with the varieties "Lady Bell" and "Bell Boy", over a three year period, indicates that covers should be removed after 650-675 heat units (using a base temperature of 50 F.) have been accumulated. Heat units should be based on temperatures recorded outside the covers but nearby and calculated as: the sum of (daily high+daily low)/2-50 F. Row covers increase heat unit accumulation by 2 to 3 times over ambient. Two to four degrees of frost protection may also be obtained at night. Soil temperatures and root growth are also increased under row covers as are early yields, and in some cases total yields. Research from Connecticut indicates that the use of row cover and plastic mulch is particularly cost effective when growing red, yellow or orange bell peppers for the fresh market. IRRIGATION Apply water uniformly to reduce incidence of blossom end rot. Irrigate carefully after fruit ripens to reduce fruit decay. A total of 12-15 inches may be needed in western Oregon and 25-30 inches in eastern Oregon, depending on planting date and harvest season. Approximate summer irrigation needs for the Hermiston area have been found to be: 3.5 inches in May, 5.0 in June, 7.5 in July, and 7.0 in August. HARVESTING, HANDLING AND STORAGE Yields of 15 to 25 tons/acre of bell peppers may be obtained for processing. Fresh market yields may range from 500 to 1000 28 lb. cartons per acre. Pimento and dried chili pepper yields range from 2 to 3 tons/acre. Pepper yields are greatly influenced by the number of harvests and season. Bell pepper types are generally hand harvested as green mature fruits. Maturity is determined when fruits are smooth and firm to the touch (a function of wall thickness). Bell peppers for fresh market must also be 3 inches in diameter and not less than 3 1/2 inches long to qualify as USDA Fancy. They can also be harvested red, which are considerably sweeter and more flavorful. Cherry types are harvested as both green and red fruits, and the banana types are generally harvested as yellow mature peppers. Jalapano and some cherry peppers have been machine harvested successfully in Michigan and California. Machine harvesting may be successful with other types especially where the peppers are intended for processing. Peppers intended for machine harvest need to be grown on raised beds in order to be harvested successfully. When red peppers are desired, a foliar spray of Ethephon (Ethrel) may be used to promote early, uniform ripening and coloring, or to ripen the partially ripe fruit remaining at the end of the harvest season. Check the Ethephon label for complete instructions and regulations. STORAGE (quoted from USDA Ag. Handbook #66): Sweet Peppers: Store sweet peppers at 45 to 55 F and 90 to 95 % relative humidity. Sweet, or bell, peppers are subject to chilling injury at temperatures below 45 F, and temperatures above 55 F encourage ripening and spread of bacterial soft rot. Bell peppers should not be stored longer than 2 to 3 weeks even under the most favorable conditions. At 32 to 36 F peppers usually develop pitting in a few days. Peppers held below 45 F long enough to cause serious chilling injury also develop numerous lesions of alternaria rot. Alternaria causes the calyx to mold and decay. Holding at 40 F and below predisposes peppers to Botrytis decay also. Rapid precooling of harvested sweet peppers is essential in reducing marketing losses, and this can be done by forced-air cooling, hydrocooling or vacuum cooling. Properly vented cartons are recommended to facilitate forcedair cooling. If hydrocooling is used, care should be taken to prevent the development of decay. Sweet peppers prepackaged in moisture-retentive films, such as perforated polyethylene, have a storage life at 45 to 50 F up to a week longer than non- packaged peppers. The use of film crate liners can help in reducing moisture loss from the fruit. It is commercial practice to wax peppers; only a thin coating should be applied. Waxing provides some surface lubrication, which not only reduces chafing in transit but also reduces shrinkage; the result is longer storage and shelf life. Senescence of sweet peppers is hastened by ethylene. Therefore, it is not a good practice to store peppers with apples, pears, tomatoes, or other ethylene producing fruits in the same room. Low-oxygen (3 to 5 %) atmospheres retard ripening and respiration during transit and storage. High concentrations of carbon dioxide delay the loss of green color. However, high carbon dioxide also causes calyx discoloration. Chili and Other Hot Peppers: Storage temperature depends on use; see text. A humidity of 60 to 70% is recommended. Chili peppers are usually picked when ripe and are then dried and allowed to equalize in moisture content in covered piles. Water is usually added to the peppers after drying to reduce brittleness. They are then packed tightly into sacks holding 200 or more pounds and are generally stored in non-refrigerated warehouses for up to 6 months. The temperature of the warehouses depends to some extent on their construction and the way in which they are managed but chiefly on the outside temperature (50 to 75 F). Insect infestation is a major storage problem. In southern states, chili and other hot peppers are dried, packaged, and then stored at 32 to 50 F until shipped to processing plants. Storage at low temperatures aids in retarding the loss of red color and in slowing down insect activity. The moisture content of chili and other hot peppers when stored should be low enough (10 to 15 %) to prevent mold growth. A relative humidity of 60 to 70 % is desirable. With a higher moisture content the pods may be too pliable for grinding and may have to be re-dried. With lower moisture content (under 10 %) pods may be so brittle they shatter during handling; this causes losses and the release of dust, which is irritating to the skin and respiratory system. The use of polyethylene bags allows better storage and reduces the dust problem. The liners ensure that the pods maintain a constant moisture content during storage and up until the time of grinding; thus, they permit successful storage or shipment under a wide range of relative humidities. Packed in this manner, peppers can be stored 6 to 9 months at 32 to 40 F. Manufacturers of chili and other hot pepper products hold part of their supply of the raw material in cold storage at 32 to 50 F, but they prefer to grind the peppers as soon as possible and store them in the manufactured form in airtight containers. Freshly harvested chili or other hot peppers should be stored under the same temperature and humidity conditions as those for sweet peppers. PACKAGING Bell peppers are packaged in 25-30 lb. l l/9 bushel containers or 30 lb. cartons. Chili peppers and yellow types are packaged in 16-25 lb. lugs or 1020 lb. cartons. PEST CONTROL FOR PEPPERS THE PESTICIDES LISTED BELOW, TAKEN FROM THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST PEST CONTROL HANDBOOKS, ARE FOR INFORMATION ONLY, AND ARE REVISED ONLY ANNUALLY. BECAUSE OF CONSTANTLY CHANGING LABELS, LAWS, AND REGULATIONS, OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY CAN ASSUME NO LIABILITY FOR THE CONSEQUENCES OF USE OF CHEMICALS SUGGESTED HERE. IN ALL CASES, READ AND FOLLOW THE DIRECTIONS AND PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS ON THE SPECIFIC PESTICIDE PRODUCT LABEL. USE PESTICIDES SAFELY! Wear protective clothing and safety devices as recommended on the label. Bathe or shower after each use. Read the pesticide label--even if you've used the pesticide before. Follow closely the instructions on the label (and any other directions you have). Be cautious when you apply pesticides. Know your legal responsibility as a pesticide applicator. You may be liable for injury or damage resulting from pesticide use. WEED CONTROL When black plastic ground mulch is not used, cultivate as often as necessary when weeds are small. Proper cultivation, field selection and rotations can reduce or eliminate the need for chemical weed control. THE WEED TREATMENTS LISTED BELOW ARE TAKEN FROM THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST WEED CONTROL HANDBOOK, AND ARE FOR INFORMATION ONLY. CONSULT PRODUCT LABELS FOR CURRENTLY LEGAL REGISTRATIONS, RATES, AND COMPLETE INSTRUCTIONS. STALE SEEDBEDS FOR VEGETABLE PRODUCTION Stale seedbeds are sometimes used for vegetable production when other selective weed control practices are limited or unavailable. The concept depends on controlling the first flush of emerged weeds before planting or emergence of the crop followed by minimal soil disturbance which reduces subsequent weed flushes during establishment of the crop. Following establishment, other weed control practices including cultivation or use of other herbicides can be used. 1. Prepare a seedbed, preferably 2 to 3 weeks before planting to achieve maximum weed seed germination near the soil surface. Soil temperatures and moisture must be reasonable or results will be erratic. 2. Plant the crop with minimum soil disturbance. Otherwise, new weed seed will be exposed to favorable germinating conditions. 3. Just before or after planting but before crop emergence, treat the field by flaming or with herbicide to kill all germinated or exposed weeds. Weed Treatment Active Ingredient Per Acre and Application Comments -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Flaming Use liquid propane or similar fuel-burning equipment to quickly sear the weeds, but not consume them with flame. -----------------------------------------------------------------------paraquat 0.625 to 0.94 lb ai/A Gramoxone Extra (see remarks) Restricted-use pesticide. Do not ingest or inhale spray mist. Wearing protective face shields, respirators, and clothing is advised. Apply during or after planting, but before crop emergence. Add a nonionic surfactant or crop oil concentrate according to label specifications, taking care to avoid anionic formulations that react in the tank to form insoluble precipitates. Exposed crop plants will be killed. Do not apply preplant or preemergence to soils lacking clay minerals, such as peat, muck, pure sand, or artificial planting media. (Acts as contact; absorbs energy produced by photosynthesis forming peroxides that disrupt living cells.) ______________________________________________________________________________ PREEMERGENCE SOIL-APPLIED DIRECT-SEEDED AND TRANSPLANTS Weed Treatment Active Ingredient Per Acre and Application Comments -----------------------------------------------------------------------------trifluralin 0.5 to 1.0 lb ai/A Treflan (transplanted pepper only) Apply before transplanting and incorporate within 24 hours by cross disking or by using a PTO rotary tiller. Transplants may be set im mediately. Spray only once and avoid overlaps. Use lower rates on light or coarse textured soils low in organic matter. Consult label for planting crops within 12 months. (Inhibits mitosis, primarily of shoots). -----------------------------------------------------------------------napropamide 1 to 2 lb ai/A Devrinol Apply and incorporate uniformly 1 to 2 inches deep. Use lower rates on light, sandy, or coarse-textured soils. Following harvest, deep moldboard plowing or disk plowing must be completed before planting succeeding crops. (Inhibits roots of seedlings). ______________________________________________________________________________
TRANSPLANTS ONLY Weed Treatment Active Ingredient Per Acre and Application Comments -----------------------------------------------------------------------------DCPA 9 lb ai/A Dacthal Apply 4 to 6 weeks after transplanting to weed-free soil. Soil should be moist and additional water applied for activation. Performs poorly in western Oregon and Washington. Consult label for planting sensitive crops within 12 months. Results can be improved with overhead irriga tion applied immediately after spraying. (Inhibits mitosis). ______________________________________________________________________________ ACTIVATED CHARCOAL SEED PROTECTION Several Pacific Northwest grass seed crops are protected from herbicide injury with the use of activated charcoal which adsorbs and detoxifies or inactivates the herbicide. In vegetables, activated charcoal can be mixed with horticultural grade vermiculite and applied as an anticrustant/seed protectant. The activated charcoal vermiculite mix is placed within the seed furrow using a positive feed device. Herbicides must not leach excessively or move readily from crop roots into the plant. Although crop safety can be enhanced, weeds emerging from within the treated area also are protected. Another use for activated charcoal involves seed protection from herbicides that leach into the seed zone from excessive rainfall. Seed coatings of activated charcoal would reduce the active concentration of herbicide at or very near the seed during the germination process. Activated charcoal/vermiculite mix: Thoroughly mix 1 lb activated charcoal/ft3 of number 2 or 3 grade horticultural vermiculite. If severe dustiness is a problem, add a small amount of water. Apply 1 ft3 of mixture/600 ft. of seeded row or approximately 15 cu.ft/A. Fill the seed furrow using a positive feed applicator and press with a press wheel. ______________________________________________________________________________ POSTEMERGENCE Weed Treatment Active Ingredient Per Acre and Application Comments -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Sethoxydim 0.29 lb ai/A Poast Identify susceptible grasses and apply at optimum growth stage listed on the label. Add 2 pints/A nonphytotoxic crop oil concentrate to improve leaf absorption. Erratic control often occurs when grasses are stunted or stressed from drought, high temperatures, or low fertility. Resis tant grasses include annual bluegrass and all fine fescues, whereas quackgrass can be suppressed. Do not apply within 20 days of harvest, nor exceed 4.5 pints/A per season. (Inhibits fatty acid production, cell membranes, and new growth.) ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
INSECT CONTROL Proper rotations and field selection can minimize problems with insects. THE PESTICIDES LISTED BELOW ARE TAKEN FROM THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST INSECT CONTROL HANDBOOK, AND ARE FOR INFORMATION ONLY. CONSULT PRODUCT LABELS FOR CURRENTLY LEGAL REGISTRATIONS, RATES AND COMPLETE INSTRUCTIONS. Insect and Description Control, Active Ingredient Per Acre --------------------------------------------------------------------------Armyworms, Cutworms, Loopers. permethrin - 0.1 to 0.2 lb Loopers only. Lannate - 0.45 lb Small to large larvae that feed on stems, leaves, and fruit. carbaryl - 2.0 lb Cutworms and fall armyworm only. Asana - 0.03 to 0.05 lb Bacillus thuringiensis - 1 to 2 qt. Use a spreader-sticker to enhance control. Orthene - 0.5 to 1 lb Bell peppers only. --------------------------------------------------------------------------Green peach aphid endosulfan - 0.5 to 1 lb Myzus persicae Phosdrin - 0.25 lb Yellowish, pink to pale green plant louse. malathion - 1.25 to 1.5 lb Where aphids have become phosphamidon - 0.5 lb resistant to most organic phosphate insecticides, endosulfan Dibrom - 1 lb is the preferred material. dimethoate - 0.25 to 0.33 lb Lannate - 0.45 lb Metasystox-R - 0.5 lb Orthene - 0.5 to 1 lb bell peppers only diazinon - 0.25 lb Vydate L - 0.5 to 1.0 lb --------------------------------------------------------------------------Garden symphylan Dyfonate - 2 to 4 lb. Preplant Scutigerella immaculata soil treatment. Do not rotate with carrots. Small, white, centipede-like animals active in soil. parathion - 6 lb - replant soil treatment. Telone II or C-17 preplant --------------------------------------------------------------------------Flea beetles including azinphosmethyl - 0.5 lb Western potato flea beetle Epitrix subcrinita carbaryl - 1 lb Small, oval, shiny bronze jump- Asana - 0.03 to 0.05 lb ing beetles. Chew small circular holes in foliage. methoxychlor - 1.75 to 2.25 lb rotenone - 0.35 to 0.5 lb endosulfan - 0.5 to 1 lb permethrin - 0.1 to 0.2 lb Bell peppers only. --------------------------------------------------------------------------Spider mites dicofol - 0.375 to 0.75 lb. Do Tetranychus spp. not feed. Tiny, spiderlike animals found Phosdrin - 0.5 lb on undersurfaces of foliage. --------------------------------------------------------------------------Wireworms diazinon - 3 to 4 lb Limonius spp. Dyfonate - 4 lb Brown, jointed larvae of click Do not rotate with carrots. beetles. Kill young plants, injure older ones. Telone II or C-17 preplant __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________
DISEASE CONTROL Proper rotations, field selection, sanitation, spacings, fertilizer and irrigation practices can reduce the risk of many diseases. Fields can be tested for presence of harmful nematodes. Using seed from reputable seed sources reduces risk from seed born diseases. THE PESTICIDES LISTED BELOW ARE TAKEN FROM THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST DISEASE CONTROL HANDBOOK, AND ARE FOR INFORMATION ONLY. CONSULT PRODUCT LABELS FOR CURRENTLY LEGAL REGISTRATIONS, RATES AND COMPLETE INSTRUCTIONS. PEPPER -- MOSAIC VIRUSES Cause: Several viruses transmitted by aphids, including alfalfa mosaic virus, potato virus y, pepper mottle virus, tobacco etch virus, and cucumber mosaic virus. Tomato spotted wilt virus also infects pepper but is transmitted by thrips.Symptoms: Bright yellow mottle, ringspots, and line patterns on both leaves and fruit. Fruit and plants are stunted, and sometimes exhibit lateral leaf rolling. Many of these viruses overwinter in perennial legumes such as alfalfa and various clovers. Several common weeds are hosts of some of the viruses. Control: Plant as far as possible from alfalfa fields, clover fields, and permanent pastures containing clovers. Keep area around fields as weed-free as possible. Aphid control is helpful but will not provide perfect control. If tomato spotted wilt is a problem, control of thrips will be of some help. --------------------------------------------------------------------------PEPPER -- ANTHRACNOSE Cause: Gloeosporium, a fungus found on both peppers and eggplants. This fungus (like many other anthracnose fungi) is saprophytic during part of its life cycle and may survive from year to year in the soil crop refuse. Symptoms: Round sunken spots appear on both green and ripe fruits. Spores develop on the infections often in radiating circles around the center, which later may contain masses of pink spores. The seed may be infected and often seedlings have the disease, which later moves into the developing foliage. Such infections are often unnoticed until the fruits start to grow, at which time the fruit rot phase may become serious. Control: 1. Destroy all plant refuse by burning or deep plowing. 2. Rotate crops. 3. Spray fixed copper fungicide. See product label. 4. Spray Maneb at 1.2 to 1.6 lb ai/A. Do not apply more than 9.6 lb ai/A/season. Do not apply within 7 days of harvest. --------------------------------------------------------------------------PEPPER -- BACTERIAL SPOT Cause: A bacterium Xanthomonas vesicatoria, that is seedborne and frequently comes with transplants. It will live over winter in infected debris and is spread by irrigation. Pickers and equipment also spread the disease, particularly when the plants are wet. Symptoms: Water-soaked spots on leaves that turn gray with black centers. They frequently are surrounded by a yellow halo. They later fall out, leaving holes apaproximately 0.25 inch in diameter that give the plant a ragged look. Fruit spots are at first water-soaked and later become raised and scabby. Control: 1. Plant disease-free seed or transplants. 2. Limit overhead irrigation or, better, produce peppers under furrow or drip irrigation. 3. Do not pick or cultivate plants when they are wet. Chemical control: If disease is present, spray with fixed copper during wet period. Several materials are labeled. See product label for rates. Residue: Copper -- exempt. --------------------------------------------------------------------------PEPPER -- CERCOSPORA LEAF SPOT Cause: Cercospora melongenae (mostly on eggplant), Cercospora capsici (mostly on pepper), fungi. These organisms survive the winter on dead plant parts. Symptoms: Leaf spot infections on eggplant are small, chlorotic, gray turning to brown, with tiny, dark specks containing spores arranged in circular fashion. Eggplant fruits are not attacked. Leaf spot on pepper is at first water-soaked and up to inch in diameter, later becoming tan in shade with a dark marginal ring. Centers may often drop out as they age. Spots develop on stems and petioles. When numerous, the leaves turn yellow and may drop or wilt. Defoliation is often serious, exposing peppers to sunscald. Control: 1. Destroy by burning or deep burying old pepper and eggplant refuse. 2. Use seed from disease-free areas. 3. Rotate crops. 4. Spray Maneb at 1.2 to 1.6 lb ai/A. Do not apply more than 9.6 lb ai/A/season. Do not apply within 7 days of harvest. 5. Spray fixed copper fungicide. See product label. -------------------------------------------------------------------------PEPPER -- COMMON (Tobacco) MOSAIC Cause: A virus spread by aphids and mechanical means. It overwinters on wild perennial hosts. Symptoms: Varying types of yellow and green leaf mottling accompanied by curling and leaf distortion are displayed. In the early season, plants are frequently stunted and very few fruits develop. Plants infected later in the season (during or after blossom) show slight mottling only. Infected fruits are often yellowed, shriveled, mottled, irregularly shaped, and dwarfed in size. Control: 1. Maintain rigid weed control in nearby plantings. 2. Controlling aphid vectors with insecticides may help reduce spread. 3. Do not smoke around the plants, particularly in the greenhouse. 4. Wash hands after handling infected plants. 5. Rouge infected plants early. 6. Resistant cultivars include `Yolo-wonder', `Pennbell', `Bell Boy', `California Wonder 300', `Orobelle', `Bell Tower', `Elisa', `Marquis', `Belle Star', `Big Belle', `Four Corners', `Sweet Belle', `Bolero', `Lamuyo', `Emerald Giant', `Prima Belle', `Lady Bell', `La Bamba', `Jupiter' and `Keystone Resistant Giant'. Hot types that are resistant include `Anaheim TMR 23', `Caloro', `Santa Fe Grande', `Tam Jalapano', `Tam Serrino Hidalgo', and `Gold Spike'. --------------------------------------------------------------------------PEPPER -- LATE BLIGHT See Potato and Tomato - Late Blight --------------------------------------------------------------------------PEPPER -- ROOT ROT Cause: Phytophthora capsici, a fungus. This soil-inhabiting organism causes root rot in pepper and eggplants and is most active in moist, warm weather. Symptoms: At soil level, dark-greenish, water-soaked spots occur which often girdle the stem, causing the plants to wilt and die. Foliage leaf spots develop, which are often water-soaked and irregular in shape, later becoming a light-brown shade. The fruit shows similar spots often enlarging to cover the entire fruit, which later dries and becomes mummied. Control: 1. Plant only in clean soil where the disease has not occurred. 2. Use disease-free seed. 3. Practice light irrigation and crop rotation. 4. Ridomil 2E can be used to control this problem. A full program consists of a preplant application followed by two postplant applications. See product label. --------------------------------------------------------------------------PEPPER -- VERTICILLIUM WILT Cause: Verticillium dahliae, a fungus organism. The Verticillium wilt organism is a widespread soil inhabitant which affects a wide range of herbaceous and woody plants. Symptoms: Infected plants show a stunting of growth accompanied by yellowing and inward rolling of the leaves. The disease development on eggplant begins with a yellowing of the lower leaves, reduced size and vascular discoloration. It is seedborne in the eggplant. The fungus gains entry through the root system, and progress in the plant is primarily through the vascular system. Control: 1. Old crop remains should not be left on the field or added to the compost pile, as this encourages future infections. 2. Crop rotation with nonsusceptible grasses and grains may be of some small value, but nothing can really be done to eradicate this disease. 3. Avoid tomatoes and potatoes in any rotation, as these are favorite hosts. 4. There are as yet no resistant varieties. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
-------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- This information was adapted by the Oregon State University Extension Service from Oregon and Pacific NW publications as well as other vegetable production guidelines from public institutions in the U.S. and Canada. These guidelines are intended as a general guide for Oregon commercial vegetable producers. Address comments of questions to your County Extension Agent or Dr. N. S. Mansour, Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331. --------------------------------------------------From [email protected] Apr 9 22:09:36 1995 Date: Wed, 8 Mar 1995 13:44:57 -0800 From: Brian Lo Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: FAQ: Cucumber Pickles CUCUMBER for PICKLING Cucumis sativus (See also file on cucumbers for fresh market) VARIETIES (approximately 50-60 days to start of hand harvest and 60-70 days to machine harvest in the Willamette Valley). Processors determine varieties to be grown. Brining quality (firmness, color), length:width ratio, seed development rate, fruit appearance, disease resistance and yield are primary considerations. Varieties suggested for direct market and U-Pick operations are: Hand harvest, black spine types: Pioneer, Bounty. White spine: Calypso, Regal, Cross Country, Flurry M, FanciPack, Blitz, Carolina, Triplemech, Quest, Duke. Machine harvest, determinate vine types: Napoleon, Vlaspik, Castlepik, Sunseeds 3509. Semi, or in-determinate types: Lafayette, Calypso, Quest, Fanci Pack, Flurry M, Cross Country, Regal, Triplemech (all with multiple disease resistance and white spine). For trial: Duke, Premier, Score, Royal, (all white spine, with multiple disease resistance); Peto H-19 Little Leaf, also white spine). Parthenocarpic (needing no pollination) varieties FOR TRIAL ONLY: Anka, Parmel, Arena, Adonis; County Fair (multiple disease resistance, and seedless when isolated from other cucumbers). SEED COMPANIES Asgrow Seed Company, POB 5038, Salinas CA 93915 Bejo Seeds, 1323 E. Fir St. Mount Vernon WA 98273 Ferry-Morse Seed Co. POB 4938, 555 Codoni Ave. Modesto, CA 95352 Harris Moran Seed Co. 3670 Buffalo Rd. Rochester, NY 14624 Nunhems Seed Corp. POB 18, Lewisville, ID 83431-0018. ph:208/754-8669 Park Seed Co. Cokesbury Road, Greenwood, SC 29647-0001 Petoseed Co. Inc. POB 4206, Saticoy, CA 93303 Stokes Seeds Inc. POB 548, Buffalo, NY 14240 Sunseeds, 2320 Technology Pkwy. Hollister, CA 95023 W. Osborne Seed Co. Int'l. 1679 Highway 99 South, Mount Vernon, WA 98273 Zenner Bros. Seed Co., Inc. 1311 S.E. Gideon St. Portland, OR 97202 SOILS Pickling cucumbers can be grown on a wide range of soils if the soils are well drained and have about 2-3% organic matter, and a high level of fertility. Irrigation is essential to maintain good soil moisture and to obtain high quality fruit. Avoid heavy soils or those easily compacted. Use a soil test to determine the nutrient status and pH. For machine harvest, avoid clay soils since clay can seriously dirty the fruit under wet conditions. Choose fields that are rectangular for efficiency of machine harvest. Avoid fields enclosed by tree rows that limit air movement, since this may provide an environment conducive to foliar and fruit diseases. TEMPERATURE Recent research indicates that temperature range for optimum cucumber growth is 86-90 F. Night temperatures above 70 F. especially when combined with moisture stress result in rapid seed development and softening of internal tissues. Minimum soil temperature required for germination of this crop is 60 F. with the optimum between 70 and 95 F. Pickling cucumbers are sensitive to cool soil conditions. Under such conditions, damping-off can seriously reduce stands, and seedling growth may be very slow. SEED AND SEED TREATMENT Cucumber seed numbers approximately 17,600 per pound, except Little Leaf types which are smaller, numbering about 32,000 per pound. Use treated seed. Pickling cucumbers can be particularly sensitive to damping-off problems. Proper seed treatments can dramatically improve stands. Some seed companies offer primed seed. Growers may also send seed to specialty companies that will prime seed for them on request. New developments in seed priming (solid matrix priming) offer advantages not available until very recently. Although primed seed may emerge earlier and more uniformly, reducing certain production risks, these advantages may, or may not translate into earlier harvests, higher yields or better quality. Primed seed has limited storage life. SEEDING Approximately 60-70 days are required between seeding and machine harvest. Sequential plantings are necessary for orderly harvest. Heat-unit systems to schedule plantings are of limited use. Processing company fieldmen will determine schedules appropriate to processing needs. Cucumbers for pickling are planted from about mid May through June. Fields intended for hand harvest are planted as soon as weather permits with subsequent planting dates left largely up to the grower. Fields for machine harvest are planted on a tight schedule to fit product grade requirements, processing capabilities and harvesting machinery availability Pickling cucumbers varieties are always direct-seeded. Seed carefully at a depth l/2 to l in. depending on soil moisture. For hand harvest plantings use about 2 to 2 1/2 lbs. of seed per acre aiming or populations of about 20,000 plants per acre. Limited research on the economics of combining hand and machine harvest indicate that plant populations for such fields should be the same as for fields intended for machine harvest only. Use about 6-9 lbs. of seed per acre and populations of 75,000 to 85,000 plants per acre for plantings intended for once-over (destructive) machine harvest. Generally 1 lb of seed produces 12000-15000 plants under good conditions. Final Spacing: Recommended Between Rows Within Row Population for hand harvest 4-5 feet 6-8 inches 18,000-20,000 (300 to 450 square inches per plant) for machine harvest 18-28 inches, 3-4 inches indeterminate (84-90 inch headers) (3 or 4 rows types: per bed) 75,000-85,000 determinate types: 85,000-120,000 Little Leaf 35,000-40,000 Note: 74 square inches per plant spacing results in approximately 85,000 plants/Acre WINDBREAKS Where needed, windbreaks are often overlooked as a crop protection aid. In general, close windbreaks, even between every row, give the best wind protection and may moderate the crop micro-climate enough to promote faster plant growth. Where winter cover crops have been employed, it would be a good practice to leave strips of the cover crop as windbreaks. In this case, the strips for the plant beds can be prepared by rototilling, leaving windbreak strips between the plant rows. Establishment of a windbreak crop in the previous fall will insure enough growth to become effective as a windbreak by spring planting time. Seed grain thickly, 2-3 seeds per inch. This requires about 10 lbs. of barley, 9 lbs. of wheat, or 8 lbs. of rye to seed grain rows 12 feet apart. Spring grains such as barley may be useful if planted in February in eastern Oregon. Windbreaks can be removed by mowing, tilling, or an appropriate herbicide once their useful life is over.
FERTILIZER Good management practices are essential if optimum fertilizer responses are to be realized. These practices include use of recommended varieties, selection of adapted soils, weed control, disease and insect control, good seed bed preparation, proper seeding methods, and timely harvest. Because of the influence of soil type, climatic conditions, and other cultural practices, crop response from fertilizer may not always be accurately predicted. Soil test results, field experience, and knowledge of specific crop requirements help determine the nutrients needed and the rate of application. The fertilizer program should insure adequate levels of all nutrients. Optimum fertilization is essential for top quality, yields, and returns. Recommended soil sampling procedures should be followed in order to estimate fertilizer needs. The OSU Extension Service agent in your county can provide you with soil sampling instructions and soil sample bags and information sheets. Recommendations are based on a row spacing of 60". With decreased row spacings fertilizer rates should be increased. Western Oregon: NITROGEN (N) For fields intended for hand-harvested plantings rates of 80 to 150 lb N/A are suggested with the lower rates of N being applied when legumes were grown the preceding year or a green manure crop is incorporated into the soil prior to planting. Apply one-half the nitrogen at or just prior to planting and the rest when vines begin to "run". For machine harvested fields nitrogen rates of 60 to 100 lbs appear to be adequate. All the nitrogen may be applied at, or just prior to planting. Determinate vine cultivars may produce highest yields at the higher N rates per acre without danger of excessive vine growth. Exercise care in nitrogen fertilization and irrigation. Excess applications of either may result in viney plant growth which interferes with bee pollination and machine harvest, and promotes foliar and fruit diseases, resulting in reduced fruit set, loss of small pickles in machine harvest, and an increase in fruit disorders. Although plant populations are much higher for machine harvested fields than hand-picked fields, the machine-harvested fields have a much shorter production period, generally being harvested once destructively. Fields intended to be hand-picked several times before a machine harvest would have to have nitrogen managed differently. Pickling cucumbers are sensitive to fertilizer burn. If the application of N plus potash (K2 O) exceeds 50 lb/A, there is danger of seedling injury from the fertilizer if it is all banded at planting time. There is less danger if the band application is split into two bands. The danger is aggravated as the band comes closer to the seed, and is greater with sandy than with finer textured soil. Immediate irrigation at the first sign of burn should reduce further injury. There is more possibility of damage to seedlings on acid soils where the pH is below 5.5. PHOSPHORUS (P) Phosphorus fertilizer should be banded at planting for vigorous early seedling growth. Bands should be located 2" to the side and 2" below the seed. Phosphorus management would be the same for hand and machine harvested fields. If the OSU soil test Apply this amount of for P reads (ppm): phosphate (P2 O5 (lb/A): 0 to 15 120-150 l5 to 60 90-120 over 60 60-90 In some areas, a diluted phosphoric acid solution sprayed in a 1-2 inch wide band directly over the seed row has shown to reduce crusting, improve phosphorus nutrition of the crop and increase yield. The benefit of this treatment would be most likely to occur with early plantings on cool soils. POTASSIUM (K) Potassium for both hand and machine harvested fields should be applied before planting or banded at planting time. Amounts above 40 lb K2 O/A should be broadcast and worked into the seedbed. See statements on fertilizer banding under "NITROGEN". Potassium management would be the same for hand and machine harvested fields. If the OSU soil test Apply this amount of for P reads (ppm): potash K2 O (lb/A): 0 to 75 100-150 75 to 150 60-100 150 to 200 40-60 over 200 0 SULFUR (S) Include 20-30 lb S/A in the annual fertilizer program for vine crops. S is sometimes contained in fertilizers used to supply other nutrients such as N, P, and K but may not be present in sufficient quantity. Plants absorb S in the form of sulfate. Fertilizer materials supply sulfur in the form of sulfate and elemental S. Elemental S must convert to sulfate in the soil before the S becomes available to plants. The conversion of elemental S to sulfate is usually rapid for fine ground (less than 40 mesh) material in warm moist soil. Sulfur in the sulfate form can be applied at planting time. Some S fertilizer materials such as elemental S and ammonium sulfate have an acidifying effect on soil. MAGNESIUM (Mg) When the soil test value is below 1.5 meq Mg/100g of soil or when calcium (Ca) is ten times more than the Mg, apply 10-15 lb Mg/A banded at planting. If Mg deficiency symptoms appear, spray with 10 lb Epsom salts in 100 gals of water/A. Magnesium can also be supplied in dolomite, which is a liming material and will reduce soil acidity. Dolomite should be incorporated into the seedbed at the rate of 1-1 1/2 T/A. BORON (B) In general, boron deficiencies are uncommon. If the soil test value for B is less than 1 ppm, an application of 3 lb B/A is suggested. Boron should be applied uniformly to the field as a spray or broadcast. Never band B fertilizer. Cucumbers are sensitive to excess Boron. ZINC (Zn) Zinc deficiencies are uncommon in Willamette Valley soils. When the soil test is below 1 ppm Zn, a response to Zn is expected and 4 lb Zn/A should be included in the fertilizer band. LIME Experimental work has shown that vine crops will produce good yields over a fairly wide range of soil acidity. Lime applications are suggested when the soil pH is 5.6 or below, or when calcium (Ca) levels are below 5 meq Ca/100g of soil. Optimum pH is between 5.8 and 7.0. The rate of lime application can be estimated from the following OSU SMP buffer table. If the OSU SMP buffer Apply this amount of test for lime reads: lime (T/A): Below 5.2 4-5 5.2 - 5.6 3-4 5.6 - 5.9 2-3 5.9 - 6.2 1-2 The liming rate is based on 100-score lime. Lime should be mixed into the soil at least several weeks before planting. A lime application is effective over several years. Some soils may have a fairly high OSU SMP buffer value (over 6.5) and a low pH (below 5.5). This condition can be caused by the application of acidifying fertilizer. In this case the low pH value is temporary and the pH of the soil will increase as the fertilizer completes its reaction with the soil. This temporary "active" acidity from fertilizer is encountered following recent applications of most N fertilizer materials. Acidifying fertilizers also have a "long term" acidifying effect on soil which is cumulative and leads to lower OSU SMP buffer readings. Sandy soils to which fertilizers have not been recently applied sometimes record low pH and high SMP buffer values. In such cases, a light application of 1-2 T/A of lime should suffice to neutralize soil acidity. For acid soils low in Mg (less than 0.8 meq Mg/100g of soil), 1 T/A of dolomite lime can be used as a Mg source. Dolomite and ground lime stone have about the same ability to neutralize soil acidity. The possibility of seedling injury from the band application of fertilizer is less when the soil pH is 5.6 or above. Some Willamette Valley experiments have shown decreased uptake of phosphorus from band applications of phosphorus when the pH approaches 5.5. Lime applications should be broadcast, preferably in the fall, and incorporated into the seedbed. Do not plow lime down leaving the surface soil unlimed. Fertilizer Guide #2, "Liming Materials for Oregon", which is available from your local OSU Extension Office, provides additional information lime. Eastern Oregon: At time of seeding, band the following: Nitrogen: 40-60 (N) lb./acre Phosphate: 100-150 (P205) lb/acre Potash: 50-70 (K20) lb/acre Just before the vines begin to spread, side-dress with 50-75 lb/acre of nitrogen. For machine harvested pickling cucumbers, see notes under the "Western Oregon" section above. These fertilizer recommendations are based on research conducted by O.S.U. Horticulture and Soils Department and Extension faculty, and are quoted from O.S.U. Fertilizer Guide FG 68.
FLOWERING AND POLLINATION Depending on cultivar, pickling cucumbers plants may bear separate male and female flowers on the same plant (monoecious), only female flowers (gynoecious), or male flowers and perfect flowers (male and female organs in the same flower) i.e. andromonoecious. Most modern cultivars have plants that bear only female flowers (gynoecious), so seeds of plants that are monoecious (bearing separate male and female flowers on the same plant) are mixed into the seed lot (usually 10 to 15%) to allow pollination. These seeds are usually dyed a different color from the seeds of the cultivar being planted. Bees are needed to transfer pollen from the male flowers to the female flowers, thus making fruit set possible. It is recommended that 1-2 honey bee colonies of 30,000 to 50,000 bees each be introduced for every acre during the blooming period. High population plantings intended for machine harvest require 2-3 colonies for the 1-2 week period coinciding with peak bloom. Naturally occurring bee populations are not considered to be adequate since their presence may not coincide with the full blooming period, or their numbers may be too low. Furthermore, the new gynoecious pickling varieties are less attractive to bees. Information from the midwest indicates that pickling cucumbers require at least 15 bee visits to each flower for normal pollination and fruit set, and maximum yields, although some of the new all-female varieties may set as much as one-third of their yield without being pollinated. Another reason for a high bee population at first bloom is that pollination of flowers in the crown area over a short period (1-2 days) will result in the desired multiple fruit per plant and a range of usable fruit sizes. If pollination of flowers occurs over an extended period of time (several days) the later pollinated flowers will not develop until the first pollinated fruit is removed. This results in the often observed single fruit per plant in the crown area with all other fruit development stopped. Hives should be placed at the edge of the field after the first blooms are visible so that no point in the field is more than 200-300 yards away from a colony. Placing bees prior to flowering may result in the bees establishing themselves on nearby crops thus reducing their effectiveness in cucumber pollination. Research indicates that total yield increases resulting from good bee management can range from 25 to 50 percent. Pickling cucumber growers in the midwest are reported to have experienced an average increase of 30 percent from effective use of bees. IRRIGATION Irrigation requirements depend on the length of harvest. Some fields may be hand harvested 10-12 times and need to be kept growing adequately. Ten to fifteen inches of water may be required depending on seasonal variation and variety. Irrigations need to be coordinated with picking schedules. Adequate, uniform water applications are necessary to produce high quality fruit. Water stress contributes to higher incidence of nubs and crooks, and reduced fruit length. Water stress coupled with high night temperatures also results in rapid seed development and softening of cucumber internal tissues. Field observations in fields intended for machine harvest indicate that as harvest approaches (when fruit reaches a mean grade of 2.0), irrigation and soil moisture can have a dramatic effect on fruit sizing. When irrigation is applied at this time, especially during warm temperatures, fruit grade size can increase by 0.2 of a grade per day, necessitating harvest in 2 to 2.5 days. Conversely, if fruit sizing needs to be slowed or delayed, irrigation should be delayed, as long as it does not result in fruit wilting or crop damage. Soil type does not affect the amount of total water needed, but does dictate frequency of water application. Lighter soils need more frequent water applications, but less water applied per application. HARVESTING AND HANDLING In western Oregon, pickling cucumbers are harvested from about mid July to mid October. The prime harvest season is from the end of July to the end of September. Oregon plantings are mostly hand harvested at this time. Different prices are paid for machine and hand harvested fruit. Processing requirements are set according to variety and desired product. Pickling cucumbers are graded by diameter. One processor grades: Grade #1: cucumbers less than 1"; grade #2: 1"-1.5"; grade #3: 1.5"-2". Fruit over 2" diameter is rejected by some or accepted up to 2.5" at minimal value for a maximum percentage per load by others. Nubs and crooks are also graded separately and paid for at a minimal price. Approximate average yields of pickling cucumbers are about 12 tons per acre for hand harvested fields that are picked about 10-12 times. Good yields are approximately 15-18 tons/acre. Where contracts are on a tonnage basis, and because of labor constraints, growers may over-plant acres so as to fulfill their contracts with less (7-10) pickings. For highest returns, thoroughly harvest marketable fruit at regular intervals. Remove oversize fruit so later fruit can develop properly. During warm weather conditions, pickling cucumbers may grow very rapidly and it is important to shorten harvest intervals. Pickling cucumbers can have a 40 % weight increase in 24 hours, especially when fields are well irrigated (see IRRIGATION section above), and may depreciate in value by 5 to 15 % over the same period. Machine harvested yields are approximately 6 tons/acre with good yields about 10 tons/acre. Yield is greatly dependent on the grade of the harvested product, so tonnage figures are a poor indicator of dollar return per acre. New harvesters (FMC) have demonstrated the capability of picking a higher percentage of small fruit and a better dollar return per acre. For once-over, destructive, machine harvest, the proper time is a major decision. Maximum dollar return per acre, and maximum value per ton, do not occur at the same time. Harvest time must be based on accurate field sampling. The processing company may dictate time of harvest based on their requirements for cucumber sizes. The grower must establish an agreement with the processor on time of harvest and grade values based on interactions of the type of machine harvester, variety, plant population and time of harvest. Machine harvesting and bulk handling capability may be limiting, and would have to be considered. Machine harvest with a Wilde or Byron harvester is usually begun when the average graded weight of harvested pickles is about 2.5. With the variety Calypso, this occurs just when the grade 4 pickles (oversize) reaches between 5 and 10 percent. The Raven Pickle Harvester, a harvesting machine built by Jerry's Welding of Ravenna, Michigan, has an oversize eliminator that sorts oversize cucumbers and puts them back on the field. The new FMC harvester which is designed to pick a higher percentage of small fruit may allow an earlier harvest start and a wider picking window. The price for small fruit is an important factor in this. It is important to point out that processors will differ in their grade requirements, and varieties differ in their size-grade distribution, and the rate of change of grade distribution with each day's delay of harvest. Varieties also differ in the quality of their large and oversize cucumbers. These factors affect the value of any given load. In the Willamette Valley, this can result in a change of $100.00 per day per acre in gross returns with the variety Calypso and similar lines. Machine-harvested pickling cucumbers must be washed and cooled immediately after harvest to reduce losses due to mechanical damage from the machine and soil abrasion. Portable washing equipment is commercially available in 3000 and 5000 gallon capacity tanks by some of the manufacturers of harvesting machines. STORAGE (Quoted from USDA Ag. Handbook #66): Pickling cucumbers have been successfully hydrocooled under experimental conditions and then held 4 days at 40 F They should be utilized immediately after removal from cold storage. HANDLING Pickling cucumbers are either hand or machine picked into large bins for delivery to processors. Care should be exercised in minimizing mechanical damage and protecting loads from heat build-up to minimize spoilage and maintain brining quality. PEST CONTROL FOR PICKLING CUCUMBER THE PESTICIDES LISTED BELOW, TAKEN FROM THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST PEST CONTROL HANDBOOKS, ARE FOR INFORMATION ONLY, AND ARE REVISED ONLY ANNUALLY. BECAUSE OF CONSTANTLY CHANGING LABELS, LAWS, AND REGULATIONS, OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY CAN ASSUME NO LIABILITY FOR THE CONSEQUENCES OF USE OF CHEMICALS SUGGESTED HERE. IN ALL CASES, READ AND FOLLOW THE DIRECTIONS AND PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS ON THE SPECIFIC PESTICIDE PRODUCT LABEL. USE PESTICIDES SAFELY! Wear protective clothing and safety devices as recommended on the label. Bathe or shower after each use. Read the pesticide label--even if you've used the pesticide before. Follow closely the instructions on the label (and any other directions you have). Be cautious when you apply pesticides. Know your legal responsibility as a pesticide applicator. You may be liable for injury or damage resulting from pesticide use. WEED CONTROL When black plastic ground mulch is not used, cultivate as often as necessary when weeds are small. Proper cultivation, field selection and rotations can reduce or eliminate the need for chemical weed control. ______________________________________________________________________________ ACTIVATED CHARCOAL SEED PROTECTION Several Pacific Northwest grass seed crops are protected from herbicide injury with the use of activated charcoal which adsorbs and detoxifies or inactivates the herbicide. In vegetables, activated charcoal can be mixed with horticultural grade vermiculite and applied as an anticrustant/seed protectant. The activated charcoal vermiculite mix is placed within the seed furrow using a positive feed device. Herbicides must not leach excessively or move readily from crop roots into the plant. Although crop safety can be enhanced, weeds emerging from within the treated area also are protected. Another use for activated charcoal involves seed protection from herbicides that leach into the seed zone from excessive rainfall. Seed coatings of activated charcoal would reduce the active concentration of herbicide at or very near the seed during the germination process. Activated charcoal/vermiculite mix: Thoroughly mix 1 lb activated charcoal/ft3 of number 2 or 3 grade horticultural vermiculite. If severe dustiness is a problem, add a small amount of water. Apply 1 ft3 of mixture/600 ft. of seeded row or approximately 15 cu.ft/A. Fill the seed furrow using a positive feed applicator and press with a press wheel. WEED MANAGEMENT GENERAL STRATEGY Weed management in cucurbits represents planning and integration of several practices. Crop rotations and, therefore, field selection containing controllable weeds must be achieved before planting. Many growers use a stale seedbed technique followed by cultivation, except in excessively wet years. Row spacings that enhance canopy selectively controls weeds within the crop row. In eastern Oregon, rye windbreaks often are planted between rows and incorporated during the last cultivation. ______________________________________________________________________________ STALE SEEDBEDS FOR VEGETABLE PRODUCTION Stale seedbeds are sometimes used for vegetable production when other selective weed control practices are limited or unavailable. The concept depends on controlling the first flush of emerged weeds before planting or emergence of the crop followed by minimal soil disturbance which reduces subsequent weed flushes during establishment of the crop. Following establishment, other weed control practices including cultivation or use of other herbicides can be used. 1. Prepare a seedbed, preferably 2 to 3 weeks before planting to achieve maximum weed seed germination near the soil surface. Soil temperatures and moisture must be reasonable or results will be erratic. 2. Plant the crop with minimum soil disturbance. Otherwise, new weed seed will be exposed to favorable germinating conditions. 3. Just before or after planting but before crop emergence, treat the field by flaming or with herbicide to kill all germinated or exposed weeds. Weed Treatment Active Ingredient Per Acre and Application Comments -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Flaming Use liquid propane or similar fuel-burning equipment to qickly sear the weeds, but not consume them with flame. -----------------------------------------------------------------------Paraquat 0.625 to 0.94 lb ai/A Gramoxone Extra (see remarks) Restricted-use pesticide. Do not ingest or inhale spray mist. Wearing protective face shields, respirators, and clothing is advised. Apply during or after planting, but before crop emergence. Add a nonionic surfactant or crop oil concentrate according to label specifications, taking care to avoid anionic formulations that react in the tank to form insoluble precipitates. Exposed crop plants will be killed. Do not apply preplant or pre-emergence to soils lacking clay minerals, such as peat, muck, pure sand, or artificial planting media. (Acts as contact; absorbs energy produced by photosynthesis forming peroxides that disrupt living cells.) ______________________________________________________________________________ PREPLANT INCORPORATED Weed Treatment Active Ingredient Per Acre and Application Comments -----------------------------------------------------------------------------bensulide 5 to 6 lb ai/A Prefar Apply preplant and incorporate 0.5 to 1 inch deep simultaneously or immediately after application by cross-disking or using a PTO rotary tiller. Sometimes the first flush of weeds must be controlled with cultivation before herbicide begins to control grass. Consult label for planting sensitive crops within 18 months. Do not apply more than once every 12 months. (Inhibits roots of seedlings). -----------------------------------------------------------------------bensulide + 4 to 6 lb naptalam + Prefar + Alanap 2 to 4 lb ai/A Note information above for bensulide and below for naptalam. Use lower rates on sandy soils. ______________________________________________________________________________ PREEMERGENCE Weed Treatment Active Ingredient Per Acre and Application Comments -----------------------------------------------------------------------------naptalam 3 to 4 lb ai/A Alanap Apply immediately after seeding to moist soil and sprinkler irrigate with 0.5 to 1 inch water or mechanically incorporate in 1 to 1.5 inches soil with spiketooth harrow to place herbicide in germination zone. Use lower rates on sandy soils. Controls primarily broadleaf weeds. (Reverses geotropism in roots). -----------------------------------------------------------------------ethalfluralin 1.12 to 1.69 lb ai/A Curbit Adjust rates depending on soil texture and organic matter. Apply only as a postplant surface treatment before weed emergence. Activate with 0.5 inch irrigation within 2 to 5 days or cultivate soil surface above seed. Crop injury may occur with excessive rainfall or irrigation or if seeding depth is too shallow. Do not graze, nor apply to wet or cloddy soils. Note replanting restrictions for sugar beets and red beets listed on label. (Inhibits mitosis, primarily in shoots.) ______________________________________________________________________________
POSTEMERGENCE Weed Treatment Active Ingredient Per Acre and Application Comments -----------------------------------------------------------------------------sethoxydim 0.19 to 0.28 lb ai/A Poast Identify susceptible grasses and apply at optimum growth stage listed on the label. Add 2 pints/A nonphytotoxic crop oil concentrate to improve leaf absorption. Erratic control often occurs when grasses are stunted or stressed from drought, high temperatures, or low fertility. Resistant grasses include annual bluegrass and all fine fescues, whereas quack grass can be suppressed. Do not within 14 days of harvest, nor exceed 3 pints/A per season. (Inhibits fatty acid production, cell membranes, and new growth.) ______________________________________________________________________________ POSTEMERGENCE LAY-BY TREATMENTS Weed Treatment Active Ingredient Per Acre and Application Comments -----------------------------------------------------------------------------trifluralin 0.5 to 0.75 lb ai/A Treflan Apply as a directed spray between rows when crop has 3 to 4 true leaves and incorporate 2 to 3 inches deep, using rolling cultivators set to throw soil towards plants in the row. Spray only 1 time per year. Consult label for restrictions on planting sensitive crops within 12 months. Possible injury may result in cool soils and from carryover from repeated use without adequate rotation. (Inhibits mitosis, primarily in shoots). -----------------------------------------------------------------------ethalfluralin 1.12 to 1.69 lb ai/A Curbit Adjust rates depending on soil textures and organic matter. Apply in bands between rows after planting or transplanting. Activate with 0.5 inch irrigation within 2 to 5 days or cultivate soil 1 to 2 inches deep. Do not graze or apply to wet cloddy soils. Note replanting restrictions for sugar beets and red beets listed on label. (Inhibits mitosis, primarily in shoots.) -----------------------------------------------------------------------DCPA 9 lb ai/A Dacthal Performs poorly in western Oregon and Washington. Elsewhere, apply after plants have 4 to 5 true leaves following a cultivation and weeding, but before any new weeds become established. Results are improved if rainfall or overhead irrigation occurs immediately after application. Consult label for restrictions on planting sensitive crops within 8 months. (Inhibits mitosis). ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
INSECT CONTROL Proper rotations and field selection can minimize problems with insects. THE PESTICIDES LISTED BELOW ARE TAKEN FROM THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST INSECT CONTROL HANDBOOK, AND ARE FOR INFORMATION ONLY. CONSULT PRODUCT LABELS FOR CURRENTLY LEGAL REGISTRATIONS, RATES AND COMPLETE INSTRUCTIONS. Insect and Description Control, Active Ingredient Per Acre --------------------------------------------------------------------------Aphids, including diazinon - 0.5 lb spray Bean aphid Aphis fabae malathion - 1.25 lb Dull black plant louse that colo- Phosdrin - 0.25 lb nizes during latter part of the season. Pyrellin - 1 to 2 pt Melon aphid Dibrom - 1 lb Aphis gossypii Metasystox-R - 0.5 lb Small plant louse, yellowish to dark green in color. Pale forms endosulfan - 0.5 to 1 lb have dark mottling. Colonize plants late in the season. NOTE: Bees are important in cross pollination of cucumbers. Take Potato aphid precautions to avoid poisoning Macrosiphum euphorbiae them. Green to pinkish plant louse that colonizes plants. Transmits virus. --------------------------------------------------------------------------Cucumber beetles methoxychlor - 1 to 3 lb Small, slender, greenish-yel- diazinon dust - 0.5 lb low beetles with three promi- nent black stripes on back. At- malathion - 1 to 1.5 lb tack young plants. Larvae feed on roots and underground carbaryl - 1 lb parts of stems. Dibrom - 1 lb OR endosulfan - 0.5 to 1 lb Yellowish-green, black-spotted beetle, common to western Guthion - 0.5 lb Oregon and Southwestern Washington. Damage usually Asana - 0.03 to 0.05 lb limited to young plants. Lannate - 0.45 to 0.9 lb Pyrellin - 1 to 2 pt --------------------------------------------------------------------------Cutworms Lannate - 0.45 to 0.9 lb Many species Asana - 0.03 to 0.05 lb Small to large larvae that feed on foliage and stems. Sevin bait 5% pellets - 1.0 lb --------------------------------------------------------------------------Cabbage looper Lannate - 0.45 to 0.9 lb Trichoplusia ni Dibrom - 1 to 2 lb Pale green larvae with white stripes. Move in looping manner. Asana - 0.025 to 0.05 lb --------------------------------------------------------------------------Grasshoppers Asana - 0.03 to 0.05 lb Different species Nosema locustae - use as manufacturer directs --------------------------------------------------------------------------Seed corn maggot Seed Treatment Delia platura Lorsban 50 SL - 1 oz ai/100 lb of seed. Small legless maggot that feeds on and destroys germinating seeds. --------------------------------------------------------------------------Slugs metaldehyde baits. Do not con taminate edible plant parts. --------------------------------------------------------------------------Spider mites Kelthane 35W - 0.6 lb Do not Tetranychus spp. feed or use EC formulations. Tiny spiderlike animals that malathion - 1 to 1.9 lb feed on plant juices causing leaves to turn yellow and die. Metasystox-R - 0.5 lb Phosdrin - 0.5 lb Dibrom - 1 lb --------------------------------------------------------------------------Garden symphylan Telone II or C-17 Scutigerella immaculata Small, white, centipede-like animals in soil. --------------------------------------------------------------------------Thrips diazinon - 0.5 lb spray Very small, slender insects. Pale Dibrom - 1 lb green (young) to black (adults). Feed on leaf surfaces. Surface feeding causes leaves to appear silvery. --------------------------------------------------------------------------Wireworms diazinon - 3 to 4 lb active Limonius spp. ingredient per acre. Broadcast granuals or emulsifiable Brown, jointed larvae of click formulations evenly on the soil beetles. Kill young plants, surface and incorporate into weaken older ones. the top 4-8 inches of soil. Telone II or C-17 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
DISEASE CONTROL Proper rotations, field selection, sanitation, spacings, fertilizer and irrigation practices can reduce the risk of many diseases. Fields can be tested for presence of harmful nematodes. Using seed from reputable seed sources reduces risk from seed born diseases. THE PESTICIDES LISTED BELOW ARE TAKEN FROM THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST DISEASE CONTROL HANDBOOK, AND ARE FOR INFORMATION ONLY. CONSULT PRODUCT LABELS FOR CURRENTLY LEGAL REGISTRATIONS, RATES AND COMPLETE INSTRUCTIONS. CUCUMBER -- ALTERNARIA LEAF SPOT (Fungus Leaf Spot) Cause: A fungus, Ulocladium consortiole. Recent work in Washington has shown this disease does not reduce yields under Washington conditions. Symptoms: Small tan spots which turn dark brown on maturing. Often concentric rings may be noticed in the older spots giving them a "bull's-eye" appearance. Coalescing spots may involve large areas of the leaf. Under Northwest conditions the fruit have not been attacked by this organism. Control: Use one of the following sprays: 1. Bravo 720 at 2 to 3 pt/A in water to cover. May be applied by sprinkler (see product label). 2. Mancozeb at 1.8 to 2.4 lb ai/A. Do not apply within 5 days of harvest. 3. Maneb at 1.2 to 1.6 lb ai/A. Do not apply within 5 days of harvest. --------------------------------------------------------------------------CUCUMBER -- ANGULAR LEAF SPOT Cause: Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans lacrymans, a bacterium. The bacterium overwinters in diseased plant material and on the seed. It is spread by rain, sprinkle irrigation, or on hands and clothing of workers. In recent years the incidence of the disease has been reduced by the use of tolerant varieties. Symptoms: Leaves, stems, and fruits may be affected. The leaf spot is irregular in shape, angular, with a water-soaked appearance. Bacteria may ooze from the spots in droplets which dry to a white residue. The water-soaked area later turns gray and dies. Often the dead tissue is torn away from the healthy portion of the leaf leaving large irregular holes. The water-soaked spots on the fruits are smaller and circular. Lesions are usually superficial, but the injury may permit the entrance of soft-rot organisms. The affected tissue becomes white and may crack open. Control: The following control program is a combination of those used in other areas. 1. Plant resistant varieties. Pickling varieties `Regal', `Royal', `Pioneer', `Express', `Calypso', `Cross Country', `Frontier', `Pioneer', and `Express' have shown tolerance under Washington and Oregon conditions. The use of these varieties is usually sufficient under our conditions. The slicing varieties `Victory', `Bel Aire', `Raider', `Encore', `Poinsett 76', `Slice Nice', `Dasher II', `Turbo', `Quest', and `Sprint-N' are resistant. 2. Stay out of wet, infected fields. 3. Application of fixed copper spray has reduced the spread of the disease, but copper sprays have been reported to cause some stunting and leaf chlorosis in Oregon. Several copper materials are available. Residues: Arasan--considered to be a nonfood use. Captan--seed treatment, considered a nonfood use. Coppers--exempt. --------------------------------------------------------------------------CUCUMBER -- BACTERIAL WILT Cause: Erwinia tracheiphila, a bacterium, which overwinters in the bodies of the striped and 12-spotted cucumber beetles. In Oregon, the disease occurs on cucumbers occasionally. The bacterium affects only plants belonging to the cucumber family--cucumbers, muskmelons, pumpkins, squashes, gherkins, white gourds, and a number of wild plants. There is a very close relationship between the bacterium and the beetles--if the beetles are eliminated so is the bacterium. The bacterium hibernates in the digestive tract of a few beetles and in the spring finds its way through the feces of the carriers to the young plant. It can enter the plant tissue only through deep wounds such as injuries produced by feeding beetles, or later in the season, following grasshopper invasion. The bacteria are not carried in or on the seed. When beetles chew on affected leaves, which they seem to prefer, their mouth parts become contaminated with the bacteria, which are carried to the next three or four plants on which the beetle feeds. Infection takes place only when there is a film of water sufficient for the pathogen to reach the wound in the inner leaf tissue. The beetles do not migrate in rainy periods; the disease rarely is found where the annual rainfall is over 45 inches or below 18 inches. Optimum average daily temperatures for development of the disease are 52o to 60o F. Symptoms: General wilting of the plant. Infection begins on one or a few leaves which droop suddenly. The disease spreads from the foliage downward into the petioles and stems until the plant has wilted and died. The fruit also wilts and shrivels. Control: Spraying or dusting to control the carrier beetles is effective. See Pacific Northwest Insect Control Handbook. --------------------------------------------------------------------------CUCUMBER -- CURLY TOP Cause: A virus disease spread by the beet leafhopper and surviving from year to year in perennial weed hosts. Symptoms: Growth is retarded and the older leaves take on a tan-yellow color. Terminal leaves are sometimes darker than normal, and the entire plant is stunted. The few fruits produced are small, of poor quality, and abnormally shaped. Control: 1. Set out more plants than needed and remove diseased plants as soon as they can be detected. 2. Partial shading will discourage movement of the leafhopper vector onto the plants, thus reducing the possibility of infection. 3. There are no known resistant varieties. --------------------------------------------------------------------------CUCUMBER -- DAMPING-OFF Cause: This disease is caused by the fungus Pythium ultimum, which lives in the soil. It attacks seedlings of many different crops. Symptoms: Seedlings may be attacked before they emerge or after they are up, resulting in gaps and uneven stands. Young plants suddenly wilt and topple over. Water-soaked lesions are apparent on the stems at the soil line. As the seedlings mature, they become resistant to attack. The disease can be a serious problem in cool, wet soils. Control: 1. Delay planting until soil warms so as to increase seedling growth and emergence. 2. Mulch soil to increase soil temperature. 3. Plant shallow to promote quick emergence and growth. 4. Treat seed with captan. 5. Treat seed with Apron FL 1.5 fl oz/cwt (Pacific Northwest states only). 6. Treat seed bed with Ridomil 2E. Broadcast: Apply 4 to 8 pt Ridomil 2E/treated A at planting in 20 to 50 gal of water. Banded: Apply Ridomil 2E in a 7-inch band. Rates are calculated based on row spacing and plant density according to the label. Broadcast and incorporated: Apply 4 to 8 pt of Ridomil 2E/A as a broadcast soil application in 20 to 50 gal of water and incorporate in the top 2 inches of the soil. If beds are used, broadcast and incorporate prior to bedding. Seed Treatment: Apply Anchor at 1.502/cwt seed. --------------------------------------------------------------------------CUCUMBER -- GUMMY STEM BLIGHT See Squash - Black Rot or Gummy Stem Blight. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------CUCUMBER -- MOSAIC Cause: A virus disease spread by aphids and possibly cucumber beetles. The virus overwinters in the seed of wild cucumber and in wild perennial milkweed, ground cherry, and matrimonial vine. Symptoms: Leaves are markedly mottled and wrinkled with yellow and green blotches and edges cupped downward. Early season infection results in dwarfing of the plants while later infections show the typical mosaic symptoms only on later season growth following infection. The fruit develops raised wartlike bumps with pale, whitish-green areas between, and has a bitter taste. Some varieties of small, later fruits have a pale greenish-white appearance. Control: 1. Remove all infected vines. 2. Remove wild cucumber vines, milkweed, and other susceptible weed hosts to within 1,000 feet of the field if possible. 3. Control aphids by spraying or dusting. 4. In slicing cucumber varieties, `Niagara' is resistant. There is also some tolerance to the virus in the following hybrids--`Burpee', `Surecrop', `Gemini', `Marketmore', and `Sensation'. For pickling cucumbers, the varieties `Calypso', `Picklemech', `Express', `MR-17', `SMR-18', `SMR-58', and `Pioneer' have high tolerance and are recommended for planting. --------------------------------------------------------------------------CUCUMBER -- NEMATODE (Root-Knot) See Tomato--Nematode (Root-Knot) for a further description of cause and symptoms. Control: Mocap 10E (20 lb/A) or Mocap EC (1 to 1.5 qt/A) in a band 12 to 15 inches wide on the row at or just before planting. Do not use a seed furrow treatment. --------------------------------------------------------------------------CUCUMBER -- POWDERY MILDEW Cause: A fungus, Erysiphe cichoracearum. Symptoms: At first tiny, white superficial spots appear on the leaves and stem. The spots become powdery white and expand to cover all portions of the plant. Sometimes the mycelium becomes covered with small black spots about the size of a pinhead. Usually the disease occurs in scattered spots in the field. Control: A 2-year rotation out of cucurbits is helpful. The varieties `Dasher II', `Turbo', `Calypso', `Cross Country', `Flurry', `Royal', `Regal', `Quest', `Cherokee', `Marketmore', and `Pioneer' are resistant to powdery mildew. Usually the disease is not severe enough to warrant a spray program. Under greenhouse conditions sulfur dust, Benlate, or wettable sulfur will control the disease. CAUTION-- Sulfur can cause injury to cucumbers, especially when temperature exceeds 85 F. Benlate may be used as a field spray. Benlate Warning: Resistant strains of many fungus pathogens have become troublesome when Benlate is used exclusively in a spray schedule. To reduce the possibility of Benlate resistance, alternate Benlate sprays with sprays of non-benzimitazole fungicides. Field Spray -- Bayleton 50 WP or 50 DF. Apply 2 to 4 oz/A in a minimum of 10 gal of water by ground or 5 gal of water by air. Begin when disease first appears and repeat at 14-day intervals. Do not apply more than 16 oz of Bayleton 50 WP or 50 DF per season. Bayleton will not give control of Sphaeroteca fuliginea. Residues: Benlate--0.125 to .250 lb ai/A ground application only. Tolerance 1.0 ppm. Limitation 0.250 lb ai/A. No time limits. --------------------------------------------------------------------------CUCUMBER -- ROOT ROT See Squash--Root Rot. --------------------------------------------------------------------------CUCUMBER -- SCAB Cause: A fungus, Cladosporium cucumerinum, which overwinters in cucumber debris, in cracks of greenhouses, and on the seed. Symptoms: The fungus causes severe injury on the fruit, which can be infected at all stages of growth, but which is particularly susceptible while young. At first a sticky substance is exuded in drops as if the trouble were the result of an insect puncture. Spots then gradually turn gray, become slightly sunken, and enlarge to about inch in diameter. The canker gradually grows darker and the tissue collapses further into the cucumber until a pronounced cavity is formed, which is lined with a dark-green velvety layer of the fruiting fungus. The first symptom on foliage is the appearance of a slightly water-soaked paler-green area between the veins, as well as on them. These spots usually are numerous. Gradually the spots turn gray to white and become angular. The fine veinlets in the spots may remain brown or tan and are distinct against the white background. The dead tissue cracks, breaking away until the whole leaf has a ragged appearance. The spores are disseminated by insects, clothing, tools, and are blown long distances in moist air. Host penetration takes place in less than 9 hours following germination and visible infection in 3 days. Spore production may occur on the fourth day. Control: Use resistant varieties whenever available. Scab-resistant varieties have been developed and include `Dasher II', `Raider', `Encore', `Sprint', `Poinsett 76', `Turbo', `Regal', `Flurry', `Calypso', `Quest', `Gemini', `Marketmore', `Pioneer', `SMR-58', and `SMR-18'. Commercial growers should consult processors for the resistant varieties to be grown. Spray -- 2 to 3 pt. of Bravo 720. Bravo may be applied through overhead irrigation. See label for directions. --------------------------------------------------------------------------CUCUMBER -- SEED TREATMENT Aids in control of seed decay and damping-off. Thiram--0.75 of 50 percent material/lb of seed. Do not apply more than 2.25 oz actual/100 lb of seed (dry or slurry). Considered to be a nonfood use. Captan .7 to 1.6 oz ai (slurry) or 1.5 to 2.25 oz ai (dry)/100 lb of seed. Considered to be a nonfood use. Apron FL 1.5 fl oz/cwt seed. Anchor at 1.5 fl oz/cwt seed. --------------------------------------------------------------------------CUCUMBER -- WHITE MOLD Cause: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a fungus. White mold is a widespread but relatively unimportant disease of cucumbers grown in the field, but it has caused severe losses of vines and fruit grown in greenhouses. Symptoms: This disease occurs primarily as a stem blight or as a fruit rot. Older vines are most often affected. Following the development of the white cottony mold, the stem dries and becomes withered, and the small sclerotia appear in the rotting tissues. Cucumber fruits affected are watery, soft, and later develop sclerotia. Control: 1. Rotate crops and deep plow to bury sclerotia. 2. Remove infected vines and fruit from the field and destroy. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
-------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- This information was adapted by the Oregon State University Extension Service from Oregon and Pacific NW publications as well as other vegetable production guidelines from public institutions in the U.S. and Canada. These guidelines are intended as a general guide for Oregon commercial vegetable producers. Address comments or questions to your County Extension Agent or Dr. N. S. Mansour, Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 9733l. --------------------------------------------------- Subject: more on hummingbird flowers Date: 11 Mar 92 02:58:38 GMT >>Just becaust a flower is red doesn't mean it has nectar. My biggest > I also poked all sorts of things into the flowers and disected lots of them > and never was able to find anything in the way of nectar in them. I think > it is all a myth. Plants have some neat little games they play with pollinators that are after nectar. Remember, nectar represents a lot of sugar that isn't going to do the plant any good at all (except reproducing the next generation), and it's hard work pushing all those little electrons up energy hills with photons to make sugar. So each molecule of sugar represents a "cost" to the plant. Plants "try" to maximize the number of pollinator visits they get for the amount of sugar they put out. Problems: butterflies will respond to much lower concentrations of sugar than bees will. Bees respond to much lower sugar concentrations than hummingbirds. So being a hummingbird flower is much more wasteful of sugar (which represents energy that could be used for growth) than being a butterfly flower. So: how do you minimize the cost of this sugar? Bankers didn't invent fraud, plants did. Plan 1. If your flower looks a lot like another flower that's blooming at the same time, and has nectar, you may not need to make nectar. The pollinators may make some dumb mistakes, and you get your flowers pollinated free. Plan 2. Pollinators will hang around an inflorescence (flower cluster) as long as there's nectar every once in a while. Maybe every 10th flower. So if you have 50 flowers in a cluster, maybe only 5 of them are making nectar at any one time. And the flowers making nectar are switched around, so pollinators have to keep moving around looking for the nectar. After all, if one flower is a good meal, you might as well go home instead of accidentally moving pollen around while you're hunting for lunch... If you want to find nectar, one of the best places to look is at the base of the ovary. Usually the nectary is a small ring of white tissue. Catch it at the right time, and it will be a gooey ring of white tissue. Re: Plantings to encourage wildlife (from Usenet, rec.gardens) Subject: natives to attract wildlife Date: 23 Apr 92 07:24:12 GMT I just finished this late to hand out at Earth Day at the State Park where I will be representing the California Native Plant Society and selling Native plants. Thought it might be of interest and also would appreciate any comments.
NATIVE PLANTS THAT PROVIDE WILDLIFE HABITAT Unless mentioned otherwise, the following lists are regarding the value of the seed, fruit or berry of the plant mentioned TREES Acer macrophyllum BIG-LEAF MAPLE Goldfinches, Bees, Raccoons Aesculus californica CALIFORNICA BUCKEYE Hummingbirds Alnus rhoombifolia WHITE ALDER Warblers, Goldfinches, Pine Siskins Cedar Waxwings Cornus nuttallii PACIFIC DOGWOOD Western Tanagers, Warblers, robins, Thrushes, Woodpeckers, Tree Swallows, many others Cupressus Governiana GOWEN'S CYPRESS Thrushes, Mockingbirds, Pigeons Opossums, Coyotes Juglans Hindsii BLACK WALNUT Jays, Pigeons, Squirrels Lithocarpus densiflora TANBARK OAK Jays, Meadowlarks, Pheasants, Pigeons, Titmice, Thrashers, Quail, Woodpeckers, Rabbits, Raccoons Squirrels, Mice, Foxes Pinus attenuata KNOBCONE PINE Chickadees, Doves, Finches, Jays, Sparrows, Rabbits, Squirrels Platanus racemosa CALIFORNIA SYCAMORE Goldfinches, Cedar Waxwings, House, Purple finches, Pine Siskins, Red-Tailed Hawks, Woodpeckers Populus fremontii FREMONT'S COTTONWOOD Foxes, Squirrels, Mice Populus tremuloides QUAKING ASPEN Rabbits, Deer, Grouse, Opossum Populus trichocarpa BLACK COTTONWOOD same, hairs on seeds used in nesting materials Pseudotsuga menziesii DOUGLAS FIR Deer, Squirrels, Woodrats Quercus OAKS All species of oaks valuable to: Mallard, Clapper rails Wooducks, Pheasants, Jays, Pigeons, Finches, Quail, Thrushes Chickadees, Towhees, Grosbeaks, Nuthatches, Raccoons, Foxes Also provide shelter, nesting sites and many insects for birds Sequoia sempervirens COAST REDWOOD Jays, Pigeons, Wrens, Chickadees Torreya californica CALIFORNIA NUTMEG Squirrels SHRUBS Adenostoma fasciculatum CHAMISE Bees, Goldfinches, Grosbeaks, Raccoons, Deer, Woodrats, Mice Amelancher pallida SERVICE BERRY Thrushes, other birds and mammals Arctostaphylos MANZANITA Excellent for Quail, Doves, Mockingbirds Robins, Thrushes, Cedar Waxwings, Grosbeaks, Finches, Towhees, Sparrows, Raccons, Skunks, Squirrels, Coyotes, Deer, Hummingbirds Atriplex lentiformis QUAIL BUSH Quail, Finches, Towhees, Sparrows, Rabbits. Good shelter Baccharis pilularis COYOTE BRUSH Deer, Butterflies Berberis nevinii NEVIN'S BARBERRY Quail, Doves, Mockingbirds, Robins, Thrushes, Cedar Waswings, Grosbeaks, Finches, Towhees, Sparrows Thrashers. Also good shelter Calycanthus occidentalis SPICE BUSH Robins, Thrushes, Pheasants Ceanothus WILD LILAC Quail, Hummingbirds, Bush-Tits, Mockingbirds,ds Thrashers, Thrushes, Warblers, Grosbeaks, Finches, Juncos, Rabbits, Squirrels, Bees, Butterflies, Hummingbirds Clematis lasiantha and ligustifolia Hummingbirds Cercis occidentalis REDBUD Goldfinches and Hummingbirds Cornus stolonifera CREEK DOGWOOD Mockingbirds, Sparrows, Mourning Doves, Cedar Waxwings, Woodpeckers, Pigeons, Raccoons, Deer Diplacus aurantiacus ORANGE MONKEYFLOWER Hummingbirds Diplacus puniceus RED BUSH MONKEYFLOWER same Diplacus longiflorus SOUTHERN MONKEYFLOWER same Eriogonum fasciculatum CALIFORNIA BUCKWHEAT Oregon Juncos, Towhees, Squirrels, Bees, Butterflies Galvezia speciosa ISLAND SNAPDRAGON Hummingbirds Gaultheria shallon SALAL Thrashers, Chickadees, Thrushes, Finches Heteromeles arbutifolia TOYON Cedar Waxwing, Towhees, Quail, Mourning Doves, Wrentits, Finches, Robins, Pigeons, Western Bluebirds Lonicera hispidula CALIFORNIA HONEYSUCKLE Finches, Hermit Thrushes, Rabbits, Hummingbirds Lonicera interrupta same Lonicera involucrata TWINBERRY same Lupinus albifrons SILVER LUPINE Quail, Squirrels Mahonia aquifolium OREGON GRAPE Cedar Waxwings, Robins, Pheasants Mockingbirds, Finches, Deer. Good shelter Myrica californica CALIFORNIA WAX MYRTLE Cedar Waxwings, Chickadees, Towhees, Orioles, Wrentits, Warblers Osmoronia cerasiformis OSO BERRY Mockingbirds, Pigeons Prunus ilicifolia HOLLYLEAF CHERRY birds, small mammals and deer Quercus durata LEATHER OAK same Rhamnus californica CALIFORNICA COFFEEBERRY Pigeons, Jays, Robins, Mockingbirds, Thrashers, Cedar Waxwings, Purple Finches Rhamnus crocea REDBERRY same Rhamnus ilicifolia HOLLYLEAF REDBERRY same, plus Quail Rhus integrifolia LEMONADE BERRY Quail, Flickers, Finches, Pheasants Juncos, Jays, Mockingbirds, Robins, Thrushes, Finches, Grosbeaks Catbirds, Chickadees, Towhees Rhus ovata SUGARBUSH same Ribes aureum GOLDEN CURRANT Many birds eat berries, hummingbirds Ribes californicum CALIFORNICA CURRANT same Ribes malvaceum CHAPPARAL CURRANT hummingbirds Ribes menziesii Quail, Thrashers, Robins, Thrushes, Finches, Towhees Ribes sanguineum RED FLOWERED CURRENT Hummingbirds Ribes speciosum FUCHSIA FLOWERED GOOSEBERRY same Rosa californica CALIFORNICA ROSE Pine Siskins. Goldfinches, Quail, Thrushes, Pheasants, Raccoons, good nesting sites Rubus vitifolius WESTERN BLACKBERRY good for fruit and cover Salix WILLOW Warblers, Thrushes, Fox sparrows, Finches Salvia clevelandii CLEVELANDS SAGE Hummingbirds, Sparrows Salvia leucophylla PURPLE SAGE same Salvia mellifera BLACK SAGE same, also bees and finches Salvia sonomensis CREEPING SAGE same Sambucus glauca CALIFORNICA ELDERBERRY Pigeons, Wren-Tits, Mock ingibrds, Finches, Towhees, Robins, Deer Symphoricarpos albus SNOWBERRY Hummingibrds, Mockingbirds, Towhees Finches, Grosbeaks, Cedar Waxwings, Deer. Good cover Trichostemma lanatum WOOLY BLUE CURLS Hummingbirds Vaccinum ovatum HUCKLEBERRY Pigeons, Mourning Doves, Foxes, Raccoons Opossum, Rabbits, Deer Vitus californica CALIFORNICA WILD GRAPE all birds PERENNIALS Aquilegia formosa WESTERN COLUMBINE Hummingbirds, seeds eaten by small birds Aquilegia exima same Cynoglossum grande WESTERN HOUNDS TOUNGE Hummingbirds Delphinium cardinale SCARLET LARKSPUR Hummingbirds, Finches Delphinium nudicale same Eriogonum species BUCKWHEATS Butterflies, bees Fragaria californica BEACH STRAWBERRY berries good food source Heuchera maxima ISLAND ALUM ROOT Hummingbirds Heuchera macrantha ALUM ROOT same Iris species seeds eaten by birds Keckiella corymbosa BUSH PENSTEMON Hummingbirds Keckiella cordifolia HEARTLEAF PENSTEMON same Keckiella ternatus SAME Mimulus cardinalis SCARLET MONKEYFLOWER Hummingbirds Monardella macrantha MOUNTAIN PENNYROYAL Hummingbirds Monardella villosa COYOTE MINT Hummingbirds Penstemon centranthifolious, P. labrosus, P. newberryi, P. barbatus, P. clevelandii Hummingbirds P. heterophyllus, P. spectablis, P. speciosus, etc. Penstemon seed eaten by small birds Satureja mimuloides Hummingbirds Wyethia helenoides GRAY MULE EARS seed good for birds and mammals Zauschineria californica CALIFORNICA FUCHSIA Hummingbirds Re: Books on plantings for wildlife (from Usenet, rec.gardens) Dear folks: Try your local conservation commission/department of natural resources/horticulture departments at local universities. Many states have similar lists. I've got the Minnesota Non-Game Wildlife Program's _Landscaping for Wildlife_ sitting in my lap at the moment. 145 pages of great information on both the plants and the animals, all for the piddling sum of $9. The National Wildlife Federation also offers a "Gardening for Wildlife" kit that I haven't seen. Has booklets, landscape plans, bird feeder designs, seeds for butterfly and hummingbird attractant plants, and some other goodies. (1412 16th St NW, Washington DC 20036). Re: Wildlife plantings (from Usenet, rec.gardens) Subject: Guide to Wildlife Food Habits If you're looking for a cheap sourcebook on who eats what, I recommend "American Wildlife & Plants: A Guide to Wildlife Food Habits" by Alexander C. Martin, Herbert S. Zim and Arnold L. Nelson. Originally published by McGraw-Hill in 1951, my copy is the 1961 Dover republication. Although the focus is on game animals and cute&fuzzies, there is a small section on fish, reptiles and amphibians. The major portion of the book is organized by group of animals (for instance, in the "Songbird section", under Cedar Waxwing, there is a rough US distribution map, a short discussion of the biology of the species, and a list of the "best" food plants in four regions of the country (in the NE, the winners are redcedar, wild cherry, and flowering dogwood, followed by blackberry, hackberry, chokecherry, mulberry, serviceberry, blackhaw, pokeweed, grape, and some minor species. Another section of the book is arranged by species of plants, or groups of similar species. For instance, witch hazel seeds are listed as being heavily used by ruffed grouse, and less heavily by wild turkey... Subject: More "Landscaping for Wildlife" Date: 6 May 92 02:41:53 GMT More information shamelessly stolen from the excellent book, "Landscaping for Wildlife", from the Minnesota Dept of Natural Resources' Nongame Wildlife Program. $8.95 from DNR Giftshop, 500 Lafayette Rd, St Paul, MN 55101 Trees, shrubs and vines rated "Excellent" for butterflies, moths and bees: Acer negundo box elder Aristolochia durior dutchman's pipe Betula spp. birches Ceanothus americanus NJ tea Cephalanthus occidentalis buttonball bush Cercis canadensis redbud Clethra alnifolia sweet pepperbush Eleagnus commutata silverberry Ledum groenlandicum labrador tea Lindera benzoin spicebush Philadephicus coronarius sweet mockorange Populus spp. aspens Prunus spp. cherries and plums Quercus spp. oaks Rubus spp. blackberries & raspberries Salix discolor pussywillow Salix humilis prairie willow Salix nigra black willow Salix pentandra laurel willow Spiraea alba narrowleaf meadowsweet Spiraea latifolia broadleaf meadowsweet Spirea tomentosa hard hack Symphoricarpos occidentalis wolfberry, coralberry Viburnum lantana wayfaring bush Wiegelia florida wiegelia Annuals ------dill heath aster borage calendula canterbury bells cleome Dianthus barbatus (sweet william) heliotrope jewelweed touch-me-not sweet pea four o'clock sweet marjoram flowering tobacco petunia parsley anise blackeyed susan, gloriosa daisy scarlet sage winter savory marigold tithonia nasturtium garden verbena zinnia Subject: "Landscaping for Wildlife" Date: 6 May 92 02:27:53 GMT Some information shamelessly stolen from the excellent book, "Landscaping for Wildlife", from the Minnesota Dept of Natural Resources' Nongame Wildlife Program. $8.95 from DNR Giftshop, 500 Lafayette Rd, St Paul, MN 55101 (no, no connection except one of my students will begin working with another division of the DNR next week...) Plants rated "Excellent" for landscaping for wildlife: (*=native to MN) Conifers -------*Abies balsamea Abies concolor Chamaecyparis thyoides Juniperus chinensis Juniperus communis *Juniperus virginiana Larix decidua *Larix laricina Picea abies *Picea glauca Picea glauca densata *Picea mariana Picea rubens *Pinus banksiana Pinus ponderosa var scopulorum *Pinus resinosa *Pinus strobus Pinus nigra Pseudotsuga menziesii *Tsuga canadensis Grasses ------*Andropogon gerardii *Andropogon scoparius *Bouteloua curtipendula *Panicum virgatum *Sorghastrum nutans Legumes ------*Amorpha canescens *Amorpha nana *Astragalus adsurgens *Astragalus agrestis *Astragalus canadensis *Astragalus crassicarpus *Lotus purshianus *Oxytropis lambertii *Petalostemon candidum (=Dalea candida) *Petalostemon purpureum (=Dalea purpurea) *Psoralea argophylla *Psoralea esculenta *Vicia americana (red clover, white clover, alfalfa and birdsfoot trefoil rate only "fair") Newsgroups: rec.gardens From: [email protected] (Christopher Lindsey) Subject: Re: Question on deer proof plants Date: Wed, 20 Jan 1993 06:45:30 GMT back:
Here's a list of plants that deer don't like that I posted a while
Acanthus Kniphofia Aconitum Leucojum Agave Lirioe Allium Lychnis coronaria Amaryllis Melianthus Artemisia Melissa Arum Melittis Arundo Mentha Astilbe Mirabilis Campanula Myosotis Carex Nepeta Centaurea Origanum Ceratostigma Paeonia Chrysanthemum maximum Papaver Cortaderia Phormium Crinum Polygonatum Crocosmia Potentilla Dicentra Pulmonaria Digitalis Romneya Epimedium Rudbeckia Euphorbia Saliva Ferns Satureja Festuca glauca Scabiosa Filipendula Sisyrinchium Gaillardia Tellima Geranium Thalictrum Gerbera Tiarella Gunnera Trillium Helianthus Veratrum Helichrysum Vinca Hosta Iris Hope it helps! Chris Christopher Lindsey -- Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Univ. of Illinois
From [email protected] Jan 11 11:58:43 1995 Date: Wed, 11 Jan 1995 09:16:32 -0600 From: leppik peter To: [email protected] Subject: The Plants By Mail FAQ Newsgroups: rec.gardens,rec.answers,news.answers Subject: Plants By Mail FAQ Followup-To: rec.gardens Reply-To: [email protected] Summary: This FAQ contains information about buying plants and garden supplies through the mail. It includes suggestions, information about what to expect, and a lengthy list of mail-order companies. Opionions about some companies (derived from experiences with those companies) are included. Message-ID: From: [email protected] (Peter Leppik) Approved: [email protected] Archive-name: plants-by-mail Posting-Frequency: bimonthly (sporadic) Plants By Mail FAQ by Peter Leppik [email protected] This document is intended to introduce readers to the world of buying plants by mail order; and also to serve as a central clearinghouse for information about contacting various mail order plant houses. I make no claims about being more informed on this topic than your average Joe, but I saw the need, and I'm willing to put forth the effort to compile and maintain this. History: Updated: 7/12/94 General updates. Updated: 4/30/94 Originally Created: 3/17/94 (late at night) Contents: I. Introduction II. But First, A Word From Our Lawyers III. How To Tell a Good Company from a Bad One (or: Things To Look For Before Taking the Plunge) IV. What To Do When Your Order Arrives (or: OhMyGawd! There's No DIRT With These Plants!) V. Which Catalog To Order From VI. Mail Order Houses, How to Contact Them, and My Opinions Thereof VII. But Before We Go....
I. Introduction It seems that one of the most common article titles in rec.gardens is, "How can I reach XYZZY?" or, "The Plugh company sent me a catalog. Are they any good?" I hope to be able to answer some of these questions in a reasonably definitive manner (the first is easy, the second harder), and provide the neophyte with some introduction to buying plants by mail. My experience in this area has been short, but intense. After finally moving from a small condo into a real house (with a YARD and a GARDEN even!), one of my first projects was to begin widespread replanting of the yard (which is mostly boring grass, or very ugly hybrid poplars). To do that, last Fall, I began ordering large numbers of bulbs and plants from a number of mail-order houses. Some were good, some were bad, and I learned a lot about what to look for and what to avoid. I welcome any and all comments. Send them to my E-mail address above. If there is some catalog not covered here which you think should be, by all means let me know. If you do send me comments, PLEASE please respect my poor, overworked mailer. I've had people resend me the entire FAQ just for a few lines of comments, and I even had one person send me a bunch of UUencoded binary pictures! Needless to say, this doesn't help me much, and it wastes my disk space. That said....do send comments, because they do help! At the end of this document, there is a URL address where you can find an HTTP version of this FAQ. If you don't know what HTTP is, don't sweat it. If you do, then you can get this FAQ there. There is also a nifty "point and shoot" form set up there, so you can mail me comments without having to know my E-mail address or anything. I assume that, if you send me comments, you don't mind if they find their way into a future edition. I'll try to verify this, but sometimes I forget. Thus, if you DON'T want you name in a future edition of the FAQ, be sure to say so.
II. But First, A Word From Our Lawyers All opinions in this document are the opinions of the author, unless otherwise noted. The author is well-known for his arbitrary and capricious judgments, and cannot be held liable for anything he says herein. Besides, the author is a poor grad student, and suing him is like trying to squeeze blood from a rock.
III. How To Tell a Good Company from a Bad One (or: Things To Look For Before Taking the Plunge) If you are like me, you probably have a dozen or two catalogs from various places, some fancy, others plain, and you're wondering who to order from and how to tell the difference between a place that really cares, and a place that is just trying to unload some poor, pathetic bits of green stuff on The Gullible Majority. In this section, I will outline what I think a reputable mail order company should do, and what you should consider before buying a plant sight-unseen. What a Reputable Mail-Order Company Will Do 1) Every perennial in the catalog should have a clearly indicated hardiness range. That is, for every perennial (anything you expect to last more than one year) should have indicated which USDA hardiness zones it will survive in. Simple adjectives like "hardy," or "tender," are NOT sufficient. Perhaps I am biased, being a Minnesota native currently living in Illinois, but I have seen too many catalogs which do not include this crucial information. Without knowing this, it is too easy to buy plants that won't survive in your climate. This also includes those of you who live in places like Southern California, where it never gets cold, since some plants require a period of cold temperatures every year in order to survive/bloom/etc. 2) Every plant should have its botanical (scientific) name listed. Of course, this doesn't count for things like roses or tomatoes, which everybody knows what that are. This may sound picky, but think about it: if you ever want to get information on this plant from some other source, and they use their own name, you might have a devil of a time figuring out how to get information. A plant's botanical name is unique. I have seen places that will take a standard variety of some plant, come up with a flashy (trademarked) name, and sell it as something special. Needless to say, this is dishonest. 3) Information on the habitat requirements should be easy to find. By this, I mean answers to questions like, how much sun does it need, how much water, and so forth. Nearly every catalog has this, but if you see one that doesn't, stay away. 4) A good company will have a horticulturist on staff you can call, and provide the phone number in a prominent place in their catalog. This can be priceless if you need to know a specific answer about some plant or another. Some catalogs have a horticulturist, but only one phone number (i.e. they don't have a separate order line), so don't take the lack of a "Horticultural Information" phone number to mean a lack of horticultural information. Finally, something that you should probably ignore: 5) Every mail order catalog that I've seen offers some sort of guarantee. This should NOT be a factor in deciding where to buy from. After all, what good does it do if they replace a plant that died because you can't grow oranges in Alaska? The replacement will just die, too, and you'll spend twice as much time on a plant that was Never Meant To Be. Besides, these places know that 95% of all gardeners will never take advantage of their guarantee even if the plants do die. Some people have even noted an inverse relation between the quality of the guarantee and the quality of the plants: the louder the company proclaims its "FOOLPROOF 100% MONEY-BACK GUARANTEE," the worse the plants are when they arrive. What To Consider Before Taking the Plunge Okay, so you've got your heart set on the beautiful Creeping Green Stuff. Before plunking your money and time on it (usually more time than money), you should stop and ask yourself a few questions: 1) Will it grow in my area? If they don't make it CLEAR (i.e. by telling you the hardiness zone), then avoid that plant, or buy it from somebody who will tell you. 2) Do I have a place to put it? It is very easy to get spring fever when all the catalogs start arriving midwinter, and wind up buying enough plants to cover every square inch of your yard two or three times over. Make sure you have a specific place for each and every plant you order, and make sure you will have the time to plant it when it arrives. Keep in mind that you will probably have to plant them soon after they arrive, and you might not be able to control the exact day they arrive. Thus, ordering 150 bushes for a new hedge from one place, all of which will arrive via UPS on the same day and need to be planted immediately, is probably not a good idea. Believe me. 3) Will it really look the way I want it to? Keep in mind that the pictures in the catalogs are designed to sell plants, and the plants in your garden will generally not look quite as nice. I have seen a lot of comments from people in rec.gardens about the rose Blue Girl as a particular offender in this respect. Also keep in mind that illustrations (as opposed to photographs) can be very deceptive, too.
IV. What To Do When Your Order Arrives (or: OhMyGawd! There's No DIRT With These Plants!) The most important thing to do when your order arrives is DON'T PANIC! Good. Take a few deep breaths. The reason your roses/trees/whatever arrived without any dirt is not because the company sent you dead plants. Shipping woody plants without dirt ("bare-root") is standard. First, it does not harm the plants much, as long as the company has taken steps to ensure that the roots don't dry out. Usually, this involves dipping the roots in some sort of stuff that helps retain moisture. Second, shipping plants bare-root helps keep shipping costs down. Shipping with dirt could easily double or triple the weight of the plant when shipped, and make it that much more expensive to buy. Finally, shipping plants bare-root helps prevent the spread of pests that live in the soil (like the Japanese beetle). Needless to say, unless you're buying small seedlings, it would be expensive for a company to grow all their stock in greenhouses. There are a few places which ship plants in pots. Shipping a plant with the dirt will be less traumatic to the plants, and, as a rule, you can expect these plants to be healthier, but, because of shipping expenses, they will often also be much smaller than bare-root plants. Given the option, I will usually buy the plant shipped in a pot, eve though it will usually be more expensive. In addition, there are some plants which have to be shipped in pots, simply because they're too fragile otherwise. Generally, you will get a little booklet with your order explaining how to plant your new plants. Usually, the first thing to do (with bare root plants) is to stick them in a bucket of water for some time. You should do this as soon as they arrive. Then, dig a hole according to the booklet instructions, and plant those buggers. It may take some time for your new plants to leaf out, especially if they're dormant when shipped. Again, don't panic. If you planted in the spring, don't call the company to complain that the plants are dead until midsummer. They'll just tell you to wait, because sometimes the plants take a while to adjust to their new surroundings.
V. Which Catalog To Order From If you are buying roses, you should certainly order from a catalog which specializes in roses. There are quite a few of these catalogs, and you will generally get better selection, quality, and price than you would from buying from a catalog which doesn't specialize in roses. For some reason, this rule of thumb seems to be the other way around when buying bulbs. I have had the best experiences buying bulbs from White Flower Farms, which is generally an outstanding catalog, but they aren't even remotely limited to bulbs. My worst experiences, on the other hand, were with places that sell only, or mainly bulbs. Go figure. Not everybody will agree with my judgments. After much consideration (and several long discussions on the order of "Company X isn't really THAT bad!"), I've decided that the main consideration has to be consistency. That means that I can count on large plants, of a uniformly high quality, every time I order. Note, too, that I haven't yet had anyone take issue with my list of "Good" companies, just the "Bad" ones. Having said that, here is my list of best and worst companies, based solely on my personal experiences: Really Good Companies: White Flower Farms Nor'East Miniature Roses Heirloom Old Garden Roses Gardener's Supply Company Shepherd's Garden Seeds Companies To Avoid: Spring Hill Michigan Bulb Co. Breck's Bulbs Gurney's
VI. Mail Order Houses, How to Contact Them, and My Opinions Thereof This section is really the meat of this FAQ. Here, I will list as many mail order houses as I can get catalogs for, how to contact them, and my impressions of them. If you're interested in a place that isn't listed here, by all means, ask them to put me on their list, and I'll include them in a future edition. For each company, I will list their name, mailing address, phone number, a general description of what they sell, and my opinions. Opinions are strictly mine, unless otherwise noted. I will not indicate an opinion unless I have actually ordered something from a company, unless the opinion is someone else's. -----Aitken's Salmon Creek Garden 608 NW 119 St. Vancouver, WA 98685 (206) 573-4472 A wide variety of irises, and some orchids. Thanks to Jim Wilson for this entry. -----Antique Rose Emporium Route 5 Box 143 Brenham, TX 77833 Old garden roses. -----The Aril Patch 3843 Concord Blvd. Concord, CA 94519
catalog $.75 (We have less experience with these since we grow
Aril Irises. Catalog $.75 Thanks to Jim Wilson for this entry. -----The Banana Tree, Inc. 715 Northampton St. Easton , PA 18042 Phone: (215) 253 9589 Fax: (215) 253 4864 Jarkko Lapinlampi reports: The catalog costs $3.00, and lists rare seeds, mostly tropicals, gingers, bananas. 36 pages of Interesting Reading! -----Breck's Bulbs U.S. Reservation Center 6523 North Galena Rd. Peoria, IL 61632 Orders: (309) 689-3870 Breck's sells bulbs imported from Holland: tulips, crocuses, daffodils, etc. OPINION: Overall, I am not terribly impressed with Breck's. Their merchandise (contrary to the catalog hype) is not particularly premium, but their prices are higher than most places, even some places which have superior stock. They do not list hardiness for anything, though most of what they sell should do fine most places in the U.S. (they don't sell any of the really tender bulbs, like glads). You can do better elsewhere. Note that Breck's Bulbs appears to be the same company, or closely associated with, Spring Hill, another company on my "Avoid" list. -----Bridges Roses 2734 Toney Rd. Lawndale, NC 28090 Phone: (704) 538-9412 Fax: (704) 538-1521 Mostly miniature roses, and a few hybrid teas. -----George C. Bush Clean Shaven Iris 1739 Memory Lane Extended York, PA 17402 Phone: (717) 755-0557 Siberian Irises. Thanks to Jim Wilson for this entry. -----C.W.S. Roses 2232 Gale Ave. Coquitlam, BC V3K 2Y8 CANADA Miniature Roses. -----Caprice Farm Nursery 15425 SW Pleasant Hill Rd. Sherwood, OR 97140 Phone: (503)625-7241 They specialize in peonies, daylillies, and irises. Thanks to [email protected] (Linda Peake) for this listing. -----Carlton Rose Nurseries P.O. Box 366 Carlton, OR 97111 Phone: (503) 852-7135 Roses. -----Chamblee's Rose Nursery 10926 US Hwy. 69 N Tyler, TX 75706-8742 Phone: 1-800-256-7673 Fax: (903) 882-3597 Miniature roses, and old garden roses. -----Cooley's 11553 Silverton Rd. NE Silverton, Oregon 97381 Tall Bearded Irises. Color catalog $3 (deductible from order) Thanks to Jim Wilson for this entry -----Draycott Gardens Carol Warner 16815 Falls Road Upperco, MD 21155 Phone: (410) 374-4788 Siberian Irises. Catalog $1 Thanks to Jim Wilson for this entry ----Dutch Gardens, Inc. P.O. Box 200 Adelphia, NJ 07710 Phone: (908) 780-2713 Fax: 908 708-7720 Thanks to [email protected] (Kim Foster) for this address. [email protected] reports: *** Good selection of basic Holland bulbs; good prices, esp. in quantity (group order program esp.). Excellent color catalog with pictures of all cultivars. *** Highly recommend -----Ensata Gardens 9823 E. Michigan Ave. Galesburg, Michigan 49053 (616) 665-7500 Japanese Irises. Catalog $2 Thanks to Jim Wilson for this entry. -----The Flowery Branch P.O. Box 1330 Flowery Branch, GA 30542 Phone: (404) 536-8380 Mon.-Fri. 10 AM-4 PM Fax: (404) 532-7825 Jarkko Lapinlampi reports: The catalog costs $2.00, the 1994 edition 'A Garden of Delights' is 100 pages, and lists a LOT of seeds as well (between 1000 and 2000 different kinds) (ornamentals, herbs, everlastings). -----Flowers Tn Friends Miniature Roses 9590 100th St SE Alto, MI 49302 Phone: (616) 891-1226 Miniature roses. -----Four Seasons Nursery Dept. 9 1706 Morrissey Dr. Bloomington, IL 61704 Orders: (309) 663-9551 Four Seasons sells a wide variety of nursery stock, like bushes, trees, and bulbs. They also have a limited selection of garden supplies. -----Fungi Perfecti PO Box 7634 Olympia, WA 98507 Phone: (206) 426-9292 Fax: (206) 426-9377 Fungi Perfecti sells fungus. Thanks to Kris Carroll ([email protected]) for bringing this to my attention. -----Gardener's Eden P.O. Box 7307 San Francisco, CA 94120-7307 Orders: 1-800-822-9600 Customer Service: 1-800-822-1214 Fax: (415) 421-5153 Mostly upscale garden-stuff, like furniture, birdhouses, and so forth. No plants to speak of. -----Gardener's Supply Co. 128 Intervale Rd. Burlington, VT 05401 Orders/Customer Service: (802) 863-1700 TDD: (802) 660-3530 Fax: (802) 660-4600 All kinds of gardening supplies, and a few plants. OPINION: I have had good experiences with this company. Their products appear to be of a uniformly high quality, and a lot of people in rec.gardens swear by them. At least one of their employees reads this newsgroup, so you may be able to get answers "from the horse's mouth," if you know who to ask. If anybody can supply me with his E-mail address, I would appreciate it (for future editions). -----Gardens Alive 5100 Schenley Place Lawrenceburg, IN 47025 Orders: (812) 537-8650 Fax: (812) 537-5108 Organic gardening supplies. -----Giles Ramblin' Roses 2968 SR 710 Okeechobee, FL 34974 Phone: (813) 763-6611 Roses. -----Gurney's 110 Capital St. Yankton, SD 57079 Orders: (605) 665-1930 Customer Assistance: (605) 665-1671 Gurney's sells nearly everything under the sun: seeds, shrubs, trees, bulbs, garden supplies, you name it, and they probably sell it. OPINION: I ordered seeds, bushes, and trees from Gurney's this year. The quality was generally proportional to the price paid: some things are really good, but the el-cheapo specials sometimes left something to be desired. Their horticultural staff appears knowledgeable, and certainly friendly. Susan Profit ([email protected]) reports that she had some bad experiences with Gurney's a number of years ago, relating to shipping and billing screw-ups. She hasn't ordered from them since, so I don't know if this is an isolated incident, or the result of generally bad management. Any comments on this would be greatly appreciated. -----Hardy Roses for the North Box 2048 Grand Forks, BC V0H 1H0 CANADA Box 273 Danville, WA 99121-0273 Fax: (604) 442-2766 Own-Root (not grafted) roses. -----Heirloom Old Garden Roses 24062 NE Riverside Dr. St. Paul, OR 91737 Orders: (503) 538-1576 This is a catalog of "old" roses: not a hybrid tea to be found. If you're looking for english or unusual roses, this is the place to go. OPINION: If you are a rose grower, and you are still growing hybrid teas, this catalog will convert you. Many of the old roses offered here are just as good, if not better than, the more common modern roses. The catalog offers a lot of information about a zillion different roses, including hardiness, and (my favorite) lists of roses well-suited for particular uses (i.e. roses for growing over trellises, roses for scent, etc.). Their stock is first-rate, and all grown on its own roots, so there are no bud unions to worry about. There is no separate phone number for questions, but I found the people answering the phone to be knowledgeable and helpful. Two thumbs up. Note that they charge $5 for the catalog, but once you're on their mailing list (i.e. after you buy something), they'll send it free. -----Henry Field's 415 North Burnett Shenandoah, IA 51602 Orders: (605) 665-9391 Fax: (605) 665-2601 Customer Service: (605) 665-4491 A general seeds-and-stuff catalog. They sell seeds, plants, and bulbs. -----Hidden Garden Nursery 13515 SE Briggs Milwaukie, OR 97222-6117 Miniature roses. -----Holland Bulb Farms 423 Borad St. P.O. Box 220 Tatamy PA 18085-0220 Orders: 1-800-283-5082 Another bulb catalog. -----Hortico 723 Robson Rd. Waterton, Ontario L0R 2H1 CANADA Phone: (905) 689-6984 or (905) 689-3002 Fax: (905) 689-6566 Roses. Catalog costs $3. -----J.L. Hudson, Seedsman P.O. Box 1058 Redwood City, California, 94064 Jarkko Lapinlampi reports: The catalog costs $1.00, and is worth every cent. The 1994 edition of the Ethnobotanical Catalog of Seeds is 95 pages and lists a LOT of seeds (herbs, trees, vegetables, some ornamentals), as well as some books and other literature. More info is printed on every seed package, and there are plenty of seeds per package. (The motto is: 'If seed production was bountiful you'll get more seeds). -----Jackson & Perkins P.O. Box 1028 Medford, OR 97501 Orders: 1-800-292-4769 J&P actually publishes more different catalogs than you can shake a stick at. They are highly respected, though I've never ordered anything from them. -----J. W. Jung Seed & Nursery 335 S. High St. Randolph, WI 53957-0001 Orders: 1-800-247-JUNG Customer Service: 1-800-297-3123 Jung's sells seeds, nursery stock, a few bulbs, and supplies -----Justice Miniature Roses 5947 SW Kahle Rd. Wilsonville, OR 97070 Phone: (503) 682-2370 Miniature Roses. -----Lee Valley Tools Ltd. P.O. Box 6295, Stn. J Ottawa, Ontario K2A 1T4 Canada Phone Order: 1-800-267-8767 FAX: 1-800-668-1807 Customer Service: 1-800-267-8761 They carry mostly really neat woodworking tools but have a garden supply section that has some interesting things. Hope this helps. Thanks to Janet Lupson ([email protected]) for this entry. -----Lenington Gardens 7007 Manchester Ave. Kansas City, MO 64133 Tim Fehr ([email protected]) Provided this address and reports: We just returned from Kansas City and had the pleasure of visiting Lenington gardens - over 1,000 varieties of daylillies. Robert Lenington and his wife opened the garden 2 hours early to accommodate our travel schedule. We were treated to tour of the gardens and it was really impressive. They introduced many of the Marsh cultivars including the Prairie and Chicago series. Seeing 30 feet of Prairie Blue Eyes or Chicago Knobby in bloom makes quite an impression. The Leningtons host garden clubs during the summer they said and run a mail order business. I was especially delighted to see some of the Lenington families own introductions. Two were really eye catching FUZZ BUNNIES is a lemon yellow double with really consistent double form and WINE DELIGHT is a small wine-red flower with a real red eye zone - this had up to 40 buds on many of the scapes and there were lots of scapes so it should bloom for quite a long time. A landscaper or gardeners delight indeed! Send for a catalog - prices were very reasonable - I would guess 90% are under $20.00 - 50% at or under $10.00. Donna Sullivan ([email protected]) reports: I ordered from their catalog last fall and the daylilly varieties were outstanding! They arrived in good shape (I'm in Massachusetts) and are coming up strong this summer. Looking forward to the blooms. If anyone is looking for variety in daylillies, their catalog is wonderful and inexpensive. I ordered with a friend and if you ordered more than a certain amount, everything was 50% off! -----Lilypons Water Gardens Box 10 Lilypons, MD 21717-0010 Phone: (301) 428-0686 Pond stuff. Thanks to Bill Stoffel ([email protected]) for this address. -----Louisiana Nursery Rt. 7, Box 43 Opelousas, LA 70570 Louisiana Irises. Also daylillies and some other bulbs and plants. Thanks to Jim Wilson for this entry. -----McDaniel's Miniature Roses 7523 Zemco St. Lemon Grove, CA 91945 Miniature roses. -----Michigan Bulb Co. 1950 Waldorf NW Grad Rapids, MI 49550-0500 Michigan Bulb Company sells bulbs, perennials, and other assorted plants. OPINION: This catalog is filled with the kind of BREATHLESS PROSE and AMAZING BARGAINS designed to stampede the gardener into making impulse purchases. Their prices are cheap, but selection is limited, and quality was very mediocre. In addition, I was unable to find a phone number anywhere in the catalog--this could be a real problem, if you have problems with your order. To their credit, they generally include hardiness information. On the other hand, they also sell the "Blue Girl" rose, which is an automatic two demerits in my book. Go elsewhere. [email protected] (Jeff Reifsteck) reports: I've had nothing but bad news from Michigan Bulb. The plants were poor and didn't survive. They did replace them without question but my 40 creeping myrtle (6" evergreen ground cover) became 40 crape myrtle (a big bush and a lot more expensive). I needed ground cover not bushes. Except for the replacement of a "Blue Girl" rose all the other replacements were not plantable. [email protected] (Angela Pilote) reports: Last year I ordered some things from them -- NEVER AGAIN! I even told my husband to remind me of the poor quality of there plants and bulbs if he even SEES me *looking* at one of their catalogs. None of the plants survived and only about half (maybe less) of the bulbs came up. The bulbs also seemed very small and I think I read somewhere that this is a sign that the bulbs have not matured enough to bloom. The prices seem to be good, but if you factor in the survival rate and time invested -- it's not a deal. I'm better off paying premium prices at my nursery for good quality plants and bulbs. [Whew! I guess the verdict is in on this one!] -----Michigan Miniature Roses 45951 Hull Rd. Belleville, MI 48111 Phone: (313) 699-6698 Miniature Roses. -----Miller's Manor Gardens 3167 E. US 224 Ossian, IN 46777 A wide variety of irises, daylilies, and hosta. Thanks to Jim Wilson for this entry. -----Mini Rose Garden 1043 Mini-Rose Bldg. Cross Hill, SC 29332 Miniature Roses. -----National Arbor Day Foundation 100 Arbor Ave. Nebraska City, NE 68410 All kinds of trees OPINION: The National Arbor Day Foundation is a nonprofit organization which promotes the planting of trees. They run frequent membership blitzes where they offer to send you 10 free trees for joining. I did. You do get 10 free trees. They're all seedlings (no real surprise), but it can be hard to tell them apart, since they are labeled with a spot of colored paint which is hard to see. Their main method of raising funds appears to be selling trees, of which they have a good selection and reasonable prices. Might be worth joining if you plan to plant a lot of trees, or believe in their cause. -----Netherland Bulb Co. 13 McFadden Rd. Easton, PA 18042-9078 Orders: 1-800-788-8547 Customer Assistance: (610) 253-8879 Netherland Bulb Co. sells bulbs and other plants grown from their roots. OPINION: Mostly big pictures and not much else, this catalog will entice the winter-weary gardener into buying lots and lots of colorful plants. Their prices are cheap, but their stock is mediocre, and selection is very limited. Hardiness information is nonexistent, though most of what they sell should do OK most places in the U.S. Unless you're really pressed for money, you can do better elsewhere--just keep in mind that you get what you pay for. Cate Williams ([email protected]) reports: I'd like to really say that Netherlands Bulbs is HORRIBLE! I got suckered by the prices, and ended up with a bunch of seriously diseased tulips -- so sick, that I can't plant any more in that bed for two years. N.B. is simply dangerous. My .02$. -----New Holland Bulb Co. P.O. Box 335 Rockport, IL 62370-0335 Bulbs, and assorted perennials. Note the lack of a phone number, which could cause problems if you have difficulty with an order. -----Nor'East Miniature Roses, Inc. P.O. Box 307 Rowley, MA 01969 Phone: (508) 948-7964 Orders: 1-800-426-6485 On the West Coast: Nor'East Miniature Roses, Inc. P.O. Box 473 Ontario, CA 91762 Phone: (909) 984-2223 Orders: 1-800-662-9669 A large selection of miniature roses, and some supplies for those who like to grow them (like miniature vases) OPINION: This company is also on my "Good-Guys" list. Their prices are quite reasonable, and their stock is high quality. Their catalog has a photo of many of the offerings. If you are into miniature roses (or would like to be), this is the catalog to get. -----Ohio Gardens 102 Laramie Road Marietta, OH 45750 Miniature Tall Bearded Iris. Catalog $1 Thanks to Jim Wilson for this entry -----Oregon Miniature Roses 8285 SW 185th Ave. Beaverton, OR 97007 Miniature roses. -----Paradise Water Gardens 62 May Street Whitman, MA 02382 Water garden supplies Thanks to Bill Stoffel ([email protected]) for this entry. -----Park Seed Co. Cokesbury Rd. Greenwood, SC 29647-0001 Orders: (803) 223-7333 Customer Service: (803) 941-4480 Park Seed sells seeds, a few smaller plants, some bulbs, and garden supplies Susan Profit ([email protected]) reports: The Washington State Attorney General's office considers them to be one of the top ten mail order companies in the country. They will refund money for just about any reason, they have always been unfailingly courteous when I have called, they are knowledgeable, and will get more information for you if they do not have it on hand. The one person I know that had a customer dispute with them, was very satisfied with how they handled it, it turned out to be a quarantined plans she had ordered. They found her a local nursery that carried the plant, and had them reserve one for her, refunded her money, and apologized for the inexperienced phone trainee that had taken her order. They are always very friendly, and making comments like, oh that's a nice variety. I have never heard them say anything bad about any other company, and they are a marvel of customer appreciation. When my stepfather retired as head of the State Capitol grounds after twenty years, the company sent him a letter of appreciation for his support over the years. And he of course, had nothing but great things to say of them, based on over thirty five years of professional contact. -----Quality Dutch Bulbs P.O. Box 225 50 Lake Dr. Hillsdale, NJ 07642-0225 Phone: (215) 253-9570 Orders: 1-800-755-2852 Bulbs (need I say more?). -----Raintree Nursery 391 Butts Road Morton, WA 98356 (206) 496-6400 Fruit Trees Thanks to Eric Reed ([email protected]) for this entry. -----Rialto Gardens 1146 W. Rialto Fresno, CA 93705 Reblooming Irises. Thanks to Jim Wilson for this entry. -----Roses Unlimited Rt. 1 Box 587 Laurens, SC 29360 Phone: (803) 682-9112 Roses. -----Santa Barbara Water Gardens Box 4353 Santa Barbara, CA 93140 Water garden supplies and plants. Thanks to Bill Stoffel ([email protected]) for this entry. -----Schreiner's 3629 Quinaby Road Salem, Oregon 97303 1-800-525-2367 for orders 1-503-393-3232 for questions Tall Bearded Irises, color catalog $4 (deductible from order) Thanks to Jim Wilson for this entry -----Seed Savers Exchange Kent Whealy-Director Rural Route 3, Box 239 Decorah, Iowa 52101 [email protected] provided this entry, and says: These are great folks and it's a very worthwhile program. -----Seeds of Change P.O. Box 15700 Santa Fe, New Mexico 87506-5700 [email protected] (Juliane Thomas) provided this address and reports: My husband found this address because he wants to do some organic gardening, and these are supposed to be seeds which come from plants uncontaminated by pesticides or chemical fertilizers. He hasn't ordered any yet, but he probably will very soon. -----Sequoia Nursery/Moore Miniature Roses 2519 E. Noble Visalia, CA 93292 Phone: (209) 732-0190 Miniature Roses. -----Shepherd's Garden Seeds 30 Irene St. Torrington, CT 06790 Orders: East (203) 482-3638 West (408) 335-6910 Customer Service: (203) 482-3638 Horticultural Help: (408) 335-6910 Shepherd's sells mostly seeds, but also a few plants, and some kitchen and garden supplies. OPINION: The stylish illustrations in this catalog give it a distinctly yuppie feel, but this is a good catalog nevertheless. They have a number of varieties that are hard to find elsewhere (a whole PAGE of ornamental sunflowers!), and a wealth of useful horticultural information. My order arrived promptly, in good order, and appears to be high quality (it is still a little soon for things to be sprouting around here, though). Prices are a little above average, but seeds are cheap no matter how you slice it. -----Siskiyou Rare Plant Nursery, 2825 Cummings Road Medford, OR 97501-1538 Phone: (503) 772-6846 Catalog $2 Thanks to Sean A. O'Hara ([email protected]) for this entry. -----Slocum Water Gardens 1101 Cypress Gardens Boulevard Winter Haven, FL 33880-6099 Water garden supplies and plants. Thanks to Bill Stoffel ([email protected]) for this entry. -----Smith & Hawken Two Arbor Lane P.O. Box 6900 Florence, KY 41022-6900 Smith & Hawken sells mostly supplies and yard stuff, but also some seeds and live plants. -----Spring Hill Mail Order Reservation Center 6523 North Galena Rd. P.O. Box 1758 Peoria, IL 61656-1758 Orders: (309) 689-3800 Customer Service: (309) 689-3849 Spring Hill sells just about any kind of plant that catches their fancy. OPINION: Spring Hill is one of these places that is in the business of dumping cheap, inappropriate merchandise on unsuspecting customers. The quality of their merchandise is mediocre, even though the prices are about average. The provide little or no hardiness information, which is especially troublesome considering that they sell some plants (like carnations) for outdoor planting, even though they will not survive the winter in large portions of the U.S. Furthermore, if you ever buy anything from Spring Hill, you will be on their mailing list but good. I have received no less than four different catalogs from them in the last two months (not even counting the large number of "special offers" which seem to arrive about once a week, and at least one telemarketing call). Avoid this company like the plague. Note that Spring Hill appears to be the same company, or closely associated with, Breck's Bulbs, another company on my "Avoid" list. Al Harrington [[email protected]] says: I think you are being way to hard on Spring Hill. I realize that they do not supply hardiness information, and that some of their plants are not in the best shape - their customer service is very good. I purchased the carnation collection (15 plants) and 2 of them died. I got credited for all 15 as it was a collection. I ordered a lot of stuff from them (over 100 plants) and just about all are doing just fine - what isn't I get credit for. If nothing else seeing color pictures of *everything* they sell is nice. :-) -----Stark Brothers P.O. Box 10 Louisiana, MO 63353-0010 Orders: 1-800-325-4180 Customer Service: 1-800-478-2759 Stark Brothers sells almost exclusively fruit trees, and a few ornamentals. Eric Reed ([email protected]) reports: Stark Brothers have been around for a long time. Many of their fruit trees are their own hybrids. I have order from them twice, both times the orders were very well packed and the trees were healthy and in general good shape. I planted a local nursery apple tree and a Stark tree the same weekend. The Stark tree has done much better. It has grown faster and produce fruit earlier than the local nursery tree. The catalog is well written and gives a lot of information on each tree. -----Taylor's Roses P.O. Box 11272 Chicksaw, AL 36671-0272 Phone: (205) 456-7753 Miniature roses. -----Tetra Pond Box 4858 Toms River, NJ 08754-9946 Water garden and pond supplies Thanks to Bill Stoffel ([email protected]) for this entry. -----Texas Mini Roses P.O. Box 267 Denton, TX 76202 Phone: (817) 566-3034 Miniature roses. -----Tiny Petals Miniature Rose Nursery 483 Minot Ave. Chula Vista CA 91910 Phone: (619) 422-0385 Miniature roses. -----Trophy Roses, LTD 1308 N. Kennicott Ave. Arlington Heights, IL 60004 Orders/Catalogs: (708) 253-0998 Fax: (708) 253-0738 Roses. -----Van Dyek's Flower Farm PO Box 430 Brightwaters, NY 11718-0430 Bulbs. Thanks to Howard Fujimoto ([email protected]) for this listing. -----Van Ness Water Gardens 2460 North Euclid Upland, CA 91786-1199 Water garden supplies and plants. Thanks to Bill Stoffel ([email protected]) for this entry. -----Waterford Gardens 74 East Allendale Road Saddle River, NJ 07458 Water garden supplies and plants. Thanks to Bill Stoffel ([email protected]) for this entry. -----Wayside Gardens 1 Garden Lane Hodges, SC 29695-0001 Phone: 1-800-845-1124 Thanks to [email protected] for this listing. -----White Flower Farm Litchfield, CT 06759-0050 Orders: (203) 496-9600 White Flower Farm sells just about every kind of ornamental plant that one might reasonably want to grow in North America. OPINION: I will state my bias right up front: White Flower Farm is far and away my favorite catalog. They have a reputation for being "upscale," but their prices are only slightly above average. Their catalog offers a wealth of useful horticultural information, along with interesting commentary about each and every plant. All the information you need to know (hardiness, planting requirements, light requirements, etc.) is compiled in a single useful index, as well as being stated with the description of each plant. The catalog is organized alphabetically by genus name, so in addition to being fun to read (and look at the pictures), it makes a very useful reference. Of course, the catalog is only secondary to the merchandise. Fortunately, their produce more than lives up to the high standards set by the catalog: it is absolutely first rate. When I was buying daylillies, crocuses, and daffodils from White Flower Farm and other catalogs, the bulbs or roots from White Flower were often more than twice the size of the ones from other vendors, and at a comparable price. Even if you never buy anything from White Flower Farm, you should get their catalog as a reference, since it is almost as good as buying a book on ornamental plants, but a whole lot cheaper. Sean A. O'Hara ([email protected]) disagrees with some of my tone: Not really a flame, but please! I have a few of White Flower Farm's catalogues, and I do value them for their reference quality and nice photographs. But their plants and garden information is distinctively East Coast in character. I would very much enjoy growing a number of plants they list, but no longer attempt such folly as they are definitely inappropriate for my arid western climate (as would many of the plants I cherish in my garden be inappropriate for yours). Please, let us not forget those 'less fortunate' souls who garden elsewhere! North America is a big place, and I do not expect my garden to look like your any more that I expect your to look like mine. This reminds me of the search for a "North American gardening style". I can think of nothing more ridiculous to search for - as if it could ever be defined for a continent like ours - or that you'd want to try! This has always been a way to 'one up' the 'English style'. Well, England is a relatively small place, and even then it contains diversity more than we imagine. [I must plead guilty here. Perhaps I should have said that they sell "just about any ornamental plant one might reasonably want to grow East of the Rockies...."] -----Gilbert H Wild and Son, Inc. P.O. Box 338 Sarcoxie, Mo. 64862-0338 Phone: (417) 548-3514 Thanks to Joanne Kube-Harderwijk ([email protected]) for this address. Harry Boswell ([email protected]) reports: ....an excellent mail-order nursery specializing in daylilies and peonies (I've ordered from them several times, with very good results).... Great catalog, with lots of color photos, good discount section in the back. -----Wildseed Farms, Inc. 1101 Campo Rosa Rd, PO Box 308 Eagle Lake, TX 77434 Phone: 1-800-848-0078 Fax: (409) 234-7407 Wildflower seeds, including some hard-to-find ones. Thanks to Chad Segura ([email protected]) for this entry. ----Woodlanders, Inc. 1128 Colleton Ave. Aiken, SC 29801 Fax/Phone: (803) 648-7522 Plants, with an emphasis on native plants, and a few books. Thanks to Anne Wolf ([email protected]), who reports that this is an excellent catalog. -----
VII. But Before We Go.... I hope this FAQ has been useful. I also hope it has been accurate. If you find any mistakes, or have any comments, please send me E-mail at the address listed at the top of the file. Any suggestions for improving future editions will be happily accepted, and possibly even acted upon. This FAQ is also available via the World Wide Web. The URL is: http://jean-luc.ncsa.uiuc.edu/People/PeterL/PBM-FAQ.html I will try to get the new edition up as soon as I can. If it isn't updated within a few days, send me mail and I'll get to it. There is also a WWW page which allows you to send me comments without having to know my E-Mail address or anything. You can reach this page at the same URL as the FAQ itself. -=*=Date: Wed, 13 Jul 1994 12:15:21 -0500 From: leppik peter Subject: This is the new FAQ Newsgroups: rec.gardens,rec.answers,news.answers Subject: Plants By Mail FAQ Reply-To: [email protected] Summary: This FAQ contains information about buying plants and garden supplies through the mail. It includes suggestions, information about what to expect, and a lengthy list of mail-order companies. Opionions about some companies (derived from experiences with those companies) are included. Message-ID: From: [email protected] (Peter Leppik) Archive-name: plants-by-mail Posting-Frequency: bimonthly (sporadic) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Plants By Mail FAQ by Peter Leppik [email protected] This document is intended to introduce readers to the world of buying plants by mail order; and also to serve as a central clearinghouse for information about contacting various mail order plant houses. I make no claims about being more informed on this topic than your average Joe, but I saw the need, and I'm willing to put forth the effort to compile and maintain this. History: Updated: 7/12/94 General updates. Updated: 4/30/94 Originally Created: 3/17/94 (late at night) Contents: I. Introduction II. But First, A Word From Our Lawyers III. How To Tell a Good Company from a Bad One (or: Things To Look For Before Taking the Plunge) IV. What To Do When Your Order Arrives (or: OhMyGawd! There's No DIRT With These Plants!) V. Which Catalog To Order From VI. Mail Order Houses, How to Contact Them, and My Opinions Thereof VII. But Before We Go....
I. Introduction It seems that one of the most common article titles in rec.gardens is, "How can I reach XYZZY?" or, "The Plugh company sent me a catalog. Are they any good?" I hope to be able to answer some of these questions in a reasonably definitive manner (the first is easy, the second harder), and provide the neophyte with some introduction to buying plants by mail. My experience in this area has been short, but intense. After finally moving from a small condo into a real house (with a YARD and a GARDEN even!), one of my first projects was to begin widespread replanting of the yard (which is mostly boring grass, or very ugly hybrid poplars). To do that, last Fall, I began ordering large numbers of bulbs and plants from a number of mail-order houses. Some were good, some were bad, and I learned a lot about what to look for and what to avoid. I welcome any and all comments. Send them to my E-mail address above. If there is some catalog not covered here which you think should be, by all means let me know. If you do send me comments, PLEASE please respect my poor, overworked mailer. I've had people resend me the entire FAQ just for a few lines of comments, and I even had one person send me a bunch of UUencoded binary pictures! Needless to say, this doesn't help me much, and it wastes my disk space. That said....do send comments, because they do help! At the end of this document, there is a URL address where you can find an HTTP version of this FAQ. If you don't know what HTTP is, don't sweat it. If you do, then you can get this FAQ there. There is also a nifty "point and shoot" form set up there, so you can mail me comments without having to know my E-mail address or anything. I assume that, if you send me comments, you don't mind if they find their way into a future edition. I'll try to verify this, but sometimes I forget. Thus, if you DON'T want you name in a future edition of the FAQ, be sure to say so.
II. But First, A Word From Our Lawyers All opinions in this document are the opinions of the author, unless otherwise noted. The author is well-known for his arbitrary and capricious judgments, and cannot be held liable for anything he says herein. Besides, the author is a poor grad student, and suing him is like trying to squeeze blood from a rock.
III. How To Tell a Good Company from a Bad One (or: Things To Look For Before Taking the Plunge) If you are like me, you probably have a dozen or two catalogs from various places, some fancy, others plain, and you're wondering who to order from and how to tell the difference between a place that really cares, and a place that is just trying to unload some poor, pathetic bits of green stuff on The Gullible Majority. In this section, I will outline what I think a reputable mail order company should do, and what you should consider before buying a plant sight-unseen. What a Reputable Mail-Order Company Will Do 1) Every perennial in the catalog should have a clearly indicated hardiness range. That is, for every perennial (anything you expect to last more than one year) should have indicated which USDA hardiness zones it will survive in. Simple adjectives like "hardy," or "tender," are NOT sufficient. Perhaps I am biased, being a Minnesota native currently living in Illinois, but I have seen too many catalogs which do not include this crucial information. Without knowing this, it is too easy to buy plants that won't survive in your climate. This also includes those of you who live in places like Southern California, where it never gets cold, since some plants require a period of cold temperatures every year in order to survive/bloom/etc. 2) Every plant should have its botanical (scientific) name listed. Of course, this doesn't count for things like roses or tomatoes, which everybody knows what that are. This may sound picky, but think about it: if you ever want to get information on this plant from some other source, and they use their own name, you might have a devil of a time figuring out how to get information. A plant's botanical name is unique. I have seen places that will take a standard variety of some plant, come up with a flashy (trademarked) name, and sell it as something special. Needless to say, this is dishonest. 3) Information on the habitat requirements should be easy to find. By this, I mean answers to questions like, how much sun does it need, how much water, and so forth. Nearly every catalog has this, but if you see one that doesn't, stay away. 4) A good company will have a horticulturist on staff you can call, and provide the phone number in a prominent place in their catalog. This can be priceless if you need to know a specific answer about some plant or another. Some catalogs have a horticulturist, but only one phone number (i.e. they don't have a separate order line), so don't take the lack of a "Horticultural Information" phone number to mean a lack of horticultural information. Finally, something that you should probably ignore: 5) Every mail order catalog that I've seen offers some sort of guarantee. This should NOT be a factor in deciding where to buy from. After all, what good does it do if they replace a plant that died because you can't grow oranges in Alaska? The replacement will just die, too, and you'll spend twice as much time on a plant that was Never Meant To Be. Besides, these places know that 95% of all gardeners will never take advantage of their guarantee even if the plants do die. Some people have even noted an inverse relation between the quality of the guarantee and the quality of the plants: the louder the company proclaims its "FOOLPROOF 100% MONEY-BACK GUARANTEE," the worse the plants are when they arrive. What To Consider Before Taking the Plunge Okay, so you've got your heart set on the beautiful Creeping Green Stuff. Before plunking your money and time on it (usually more time than money), you should stop and ask yourself a few questions: 1) Will it grow in my area? If they don't make it CLEAR (i.e. by telling you the hardiness zone), then avoid that plant, or buy it from somebody who will tell you. 2) Do I have a place to put it? It is very easy to get spring fever when all the catalogs start arriving midwinter, and wind up buying enough plants to cover every square inch of your yard two or three times over. Make sure you have a specific place for each and every plant you order, and make sure you will have the time to plant it when it arrives. Keep in mind that you will probably have to plant them soon after they arrive, and you might not be able to control the exact day they arrive. Thus, ordering 150 bushes for a new hedge from one place, all of which will arrive via UPS on the same day and need to be planted immediately, is probably not a good idea. Believe me. 3) Will it really look the way I want it to? Keep in mind that the pictures in the catalogs are designed to sell plants, and the plants in your garden will generally not look quite as nice. I have seen a lot of comments from people in rec.gardens about the rose Blue Girl as a particular offender in this respect. Also keep in mind that illustrations (as opposed to photographs) can be very deceptive, too.
IV. What To Do When Your Order Arrives (or: OhMyGawd! There's No DIRT With These Plants!) The most important thing to do when your order arrives is DON'T PANIC! Good. Take a few deep breaths. The reason your roses/trees/whatever arrived without any dirt is not because the company sent you dead plants. Shipping woody plants without dirt ("bare-root") is standard. First, it does not harm the plants much, as long as the company has taken steps to ensure that the roots don't dry out. Usually, this involves dipping the roots in some sort of stuff that helps retain moisture. Second, shipping plants bare-root helps keep shipping costs down. Shipping with dirt could easily double or triple the weight of the plant when shipped, and make it that much more expensive to buy. Finally, shipping plants bare-root helps prevent the spread of pests that live in the soil (like the Japanese beetle). Needless to say, unless you're buying small seedlings, it would be expensive for a company to grow all their stock in greenhouses. There are a few places which ship plants in pots. Shipping a plant with the dirt will be less traumatic to the plants, and, as a rule, you can expect these plants to be healthier, but, because of shipping expenses, they will often also be much smaller than bare-root plants. Given the option, I will usually buy the plant shipped in a pot, eve though it will usually be more expensive. In addition, there are some plants which have to be shipped in pots, simply because they're too fragile otherwise. Generally, you will get a little booklet with your order explaining how to plant your new plants. Usually, the first thing to do (with bare root plants) is to stick them in a bucket of water for some time. You should do this as soon as they arrive. Then, dig a hole according to the booklet instructions, and plant those buggers. It may take some time for your new plants to leaf out, especially if they're dormant when shipped. Again, don't panic. If you planted in the spring, don't call the company to complain that the plants are dead until midsummer. They'll just tell you to wait, because sometimes the plants take a while to adjust to their new surroundings.
V. Which Catalog To Order From If you are buying roses, you should certainly order from a catalog which specializes in roses. There are quite a few of these catalogs, and you will generally get better selection, quality, and price than you would from buying from a catalog which doesn't specialize in roses. For some reason, this rule of thumb seems to be the other way around when buying bulbs. I have had the best experiences buying bulbs from White Flower Farms, which is generally an outstanding catalog, but they aren't even remotely limited to bulbs. My worst experiences, on the other hand, were with places that sell only, or mainly bulbs. Go figure. Not everybody will agree with my judgments. After much consideration (and several long discussions on the order of "Company X isn't really THAT bad!"), I've decided that the main consideration has to be consistency. That means that I can count on large plants, of a uniformly high quality, every time I order. Note, too, that I haven't yet had anyone take issue with my list of "Good" companies, just the "Bad" ones. Having said that, here is my list of best and worst companies, based solely on my personal experiences: Really Good Companies: White Flower Farms Nor'East Miniature Roses Heirloom Old Garden Roses Gardener's Supply Company Shepherd's Garden Seeds Companies To Avoid: Spring Hill Michigan Bulb Co. Breck's Bulbs Gurney's
VI. Mail Order Houses, How to Contact Them, and My Opinions Thereof This section is really the meat of this FAQ. Here, I will list as many mail order houses as I can get catalogs for, how to contact them, and my impressions of them. If you're interested in a place that isn't listed here, by all means, ask them to put me on their list, and I'll include them in a future edition. For each company, I will list their name, mailing address, phone number, a general description of what they sell, and my opinions. Opinions are strictly mine, unless otherwise noted. I will not indicate an opinion unless I have actually ordered something from a company, unless the opinion is someone else's. -----Aitken's Salmon Creek Garden 608 NW 119 St. Vancouver, WA 98685 (206) 573-4472 A wide variety of irises, and some orchids. Thanks to Jim Wilson for this entry. -----Antique Rose Emporium Route 5 Box 143 Brenham, TX 77833 Old garden roses. -----The Aril Patch 3843 Concord Blvd. Concord, CA 94519
catalog $.75 (We have less experience with these since we grow
Aril Irises. Catalog $.75 Thanks to Jim Wilson for this entry. -----The Banana Tree, Inc. 715 Northampton St. Easton , PA 18042 Phone: (215) 253 9589 Fax: (215) 253 4864 Jarkko Lapinlampi reports: The catalog costs $3.00, and lists rare seeds, mostly tropicals, gingers, bananas. 36 pages of Interesting Reading! -----Breck's Bulbs U.S. Reservation Center 6523 North Galena Rd. Peoria, IL 61632 Orders: (309) 689-3870 Breck's sells bulbs imported from Holland: tulips, crocuses, daffodils, etc. OPINION: Overall, I am not terribly impressed with Breck's. Their merchandise (contrary to the catalog hype) is not particularly premium, but their prices are higher than most places, even some places which have superior stock. They do not list hardiness for anything, though most of what they sell should do fine most places in the U.S. (they don't sell any of the really tender bulbs, like glads). You can do better elsewhere. Note that Breck's Bulbs appears to be the same company, or closely associated with, Spring Hill, another company on my "Avoid" list. -----Bridges Roses 2734 Toney Rd. Lawndale, NC 28090 Phone: (704) 538-9412 Fax: (704) 538-1521 Mostly miniature roses, and a few hybrid teas. -----George C. Bush Clean Shaven Iris 1739 Memory Lane Extended York, PA 17402 Phone: (717) 755-0557 Siberian Irises. Thanks to Jim Wilson for this entry. -----C.W.S. Roses 2232 Gale Ave. Coquitlam, BC V3K 2Y8 CANADA Miniature Roses. -----Caprice Farm Nursery 15425 SW Pleasant Hill Rd. Sherwood, OR 97140 Phone: (503)625-7241 They specialize in peonies, daylillies, and irises. Thanks to [email protected] (Linda Peake) for this listing. -----Carlton Rose Nurseries P.O. Box 366 Carlton, OR 97111 Phone: (503) 852-7135 Roses. -----Chamblee's Rose Nursery 10926 US Hwy. 69 N Tyler, TX 75706-8742 Phone: 1-800-256-7673 Fax: (903) 882-3597 Miniature roses, and old garden roses. -----Cooley's 11553 Silverton Rd. NE Silverton, Oregon 97381 Tall Bearded Irises. Color catalog $3 (deductible from order) Thanks to Jim Wilson for this entry -----Draycott Gardens Carol Warner 16815 Falls Road Upperco, MD 21155 Phone: (410) 374-4788 Siberian Irises. Catalog $1 Thanks to Jim Wilson for this entry ----Dutch Gardens, Inc. P.O. Box 200 Adelphia, NJ 07710 Phone: (908) 780-2713 Fax: 908 708-7720 Thanks to [email protected] (Kim Foster) for this address. [email protected] reports: *** Good selection of basic Holland bulbs; good prices, esp. in quantity (group order program esp.). Excellent color catalog with pictures of all cultivars. *** Highly recommend -----Ensata Gardens 9823 E. Michigan Ave. Galesburg, Michigan 49053 (616) 665-7500 Japanese Irises. Catalog $2 Thanks to Jim Wilson for this entry. -----The Flowery Branch P.O. Box 1330 Flowery Branch, GA 30542 Phone: (404) 536-8380 Mon.-Fri. 10 AM-4 PM Fax: (404) 532-7825 Jarkko Lapinlampi reports: The catalog costs $2.00, the 1994 edition 'A Garden of Delights' is 100 pages, and lists a LOT of seeds as well (between 1000 and 2000 different kinds) (ornamentals, herbs, everlastings). -----Flowers Tn Friends Miniature Roses 9590 100th St SE Alto, MI 49302 Phone: (616) 891-1226 Miniature roses. -----Four Seasons Nursery Dept. 9 1706 Morrissey Dr. Bloomington, IL 61704 Orders: (309) 663-9551 Four Seasons sells a wide variety of nursery stock, like bushes, trees, and bulbs. They also have a limited selection of garden supplies. -----Fungi Perfecti PO Box 7634 Olympia, WA 98507 Phone: (206) 426-9292 Fax: (206) 426-9377 Fungi Perfecti sells fungus. Thanks to Kris Carroll ([email protected]) for bringing this to my attention. -----Gardener's Eden P.O. Box 7307 San Francisco, CA 94120-7307 Orders: 1-800-822-9600 Customer Service: 1-800-822-1214 Fax: (415) 421-5153 Mostly upscale garden-stuff, like furniture, birdhouses, and so forth. No plants to speak of. -----Gardener's Supply Co. 128 Intervale Rd. Burlington, VT 05401 Orders/Customer Service: (802) 863-1700 TDD: (802) 660-3530 Fax: (802) 660-4600 All kinds of gardening supplies, and a few plants. OPINION: I have had good experiences with this company. Their products appear to be of a uniformly high quality, and a lot of people in rec.gardens swear by them. At least one of their employees reads this newsgroup, so you may be able to get answers "from the horse's mouth," if you know who to ask. If anybody can supply me with his E-mail address, I would appreciate it (for future editions). -----Gardens Alive 5100 Schenley Place Lawrenceburg, IN 47025 Orders: (812) 537-8650 Fax: (812) 537-5108 Organic gardening supplies. -----Giles Ramblin' Roses 2968 SR 710 Okeechobee, FL 34974 Phone: (813) 763-6611 Roses. -----Gurney's 110 Capital St. Yankton, SD 57079 Orders: (605) 665-1930 Customer Assistance: (605) 665-1671 Gurney's sells nearly everything under the sun: seeds, shrubs, trees, bulbs, garden supplies, you name it, and they probably sell it. OPINION: I ordered seeds, bushes, and trees from Gurney's this year. The quality was generally proportional to the price paid: some things are really good, but the el-cheapo specials sometimes left something to be desired. Their horticultural staff appears knowledgeable, and certainly friendly. Susan Profit ([email protected]) reports that she had some bad experiences with Gurney's a number of years ago, relating to shipping and billing screw-ups. She hasn't ordered from them since, so I don't know if this is an isolated incident, or the result of generally bad management. Any comments on this would be greatly appreciated. -----Hardy Roses for the North Box 2048 Grand Forks, BC V0H 1H0 CANADA Box 273 Danville, WA 99121-0273 Fax: (604) 442-2766 Own-Root (not grafted) roses. -----Heirloom Old Garden Roses 24062 NE Riverside Dr. St. Paul, OR 91737 Orders: (503) 538-1576 This is a catalog of "old" roses: not a hybrid tea to be found. If you're looking for english or unusual roses, this is the place to go. OPINION: If you are a rose grower, and you are still growing hybrid teas, this catalog will convert you. Many of the old roses offered here are just as good, if not better than, the more common modern roses. The catalog offers a lot of information about a zillion different roses, including hardiness, and (my favorite) lists of roses well-suited for particular uses (i.e. roses for growing over trellises, roses for scent, etc.). Their stock is first-rate, and all grown on its own roots, so there are no bud unions to worry about. There is no separate phone number for questions, but I found the people answering the phone to be knowledgeable and helpful. Two thumbs up. Note that they charge $5 for the catalog, but once you're on their mailing list (i.e. after you buy something), they'll send it free. -----Henry Field's 415 North Burnett Shenandoah, IA 51602 Orders: (605) 665-9391 Fax: (605) 665-2601 Customer Service: (605) 665-4491 A general seeds-and-stuff catalog. They sell seeds, plants, and bulbs. -----Hidden Garden Nursery 13515 SE Briggs Milwaukie, OR 97222-6117 Miniature roses. -----Holland Bulb Farms 423 Borad St. P.O. Box 220 Tatamy PA 18085-0220 Orders: 1-800-283-5082 Another bulb catalog. -----Hortico 723 Robson Rd. Waterton, Ontario L0R 2H1 CANADA Phone: (905) 689-6984 or (905) 689-3002 Fax: (905) 689-6566 Roses. Catalog costs $3. -----J.L. Hudson, Seedsman P.O. Box 1058 Redwood City, California, 94064 Jarkko Lapinlampi reports: The catalog costs $1.00, and is worth every cent. The 1994 edition of the Ethnobotanical Catalog of Seeds is 95 pages and lists a LOT of seeds (herbs, trees, vegetables, some ornamentals), as well as some books and other literature. More info is printed on every seed package, and there are plenty of seeds per package. (The motto is: 'If seed production was bountiful you'll get more seeds). -----Jackson & Perkins P.O. Box 1028 Medford, OR 97501 Orders: 1-800-292-4769 J&P actually publishes more different catalogs than you can shake a stick at. They are highly respected, though I've never ordered anything from them. -----J. W. Jung Seed & Nursery 335 S. High St. Randolph, WI 53957-0001 Orders: 1-800-247-JUNG Customer Service: 1-800-297-3123 Jung's sells seeds, nursery stock, a few bulbs, and supplies -----Justice Miniature Roses 5947 SW Kahle Rd. Wilsonville, OR 97070 Phone: (503) 682-2370 Miniature Roses. -----Lee Valley Tools Ltd. P.O. Box 6295, Stn. J Ottawa, Ontario K2A 1T4 Canada Phone Order: 1-800-267-8767 FAX: 1-800-668-1807 Customer Service: 1-800-267-8761 They carry mostly really neat woodworking tools but have a garden supply section that has some interesting things. Hope this helps. Thanks to Janet Lupson ([email protected]) for this entry. -----Lenington Gardens 7007 Manchester Ave. Kansas City, MO 64133 Tim Fehr ([email protected]) Provided this address and reports: We just returned from Kansas City and had the pleasure of visiting Lenington gardens - over 1,000 varieties of daylillies. Robert Lenington and his wife opened the garden 2 hours early to accommodate our travel schedule. We were treated to tour of the gardens and it was really impressive. They introduced many of the Marsh cultivars including the Prairie and Chicago series. Seeing 30 feet of Prairie Blue Eyes or Chicago Knobby in bloom makes quite an impression. The Leningtons host garden clubs during the summer they said and run a mail order business. I was especially delighted to see some of the Lenington families own introductions. Two were really eye catching FUZZ BUNNIES is a lemon yellow double with really consistent double form and WINE DELIGHT is a small wine-red flower with a real red eye zone - this had up to 40 buds on many of the scapes and there were lots of scapes so it should bloom for quite a long time. A landscaper or gardeners delight indeed! Send for a catalog - prices were very reasonable - I would guess 90% are under $20.00 - 50% at or under $10.00. Donna Sullivan ([email protected]) reports: I ordered from their catalog last fall and the daylilly varieties were outstanding! They arrived in good shape (I'm in Massachusetts) and are coming up strong this summer. Looking forward to the blooms. If anyone is looking for variety in daylillies, their catalog is wonderful and inexpensive. I ordered with a friend and if you ordered more than a certain amount, everything was 50% off! -----Lilypons Water Gardens Box 10 Lilypons, MD 21717-0010 Phone: (301) 428-0686 Pond stuff. Thanks to Bill Stoffel ([email protected]) for this address. -----Louisiana Nursery Rt. 7, Box 43 Opelousas, LA 70570 Louisiana Irises. Also daylillies and some other bulbs and plants. Thanks to Jim Wilson for this entry. -----McDaniel's Miniature Roses 7523 Zemco St. Lemon Grove, CA 91945 Miniature roses. -----Michigan Bulb Co. 1950 Waldorf NW Grad Rapids, MI 49550-0500 Michigan Bulb Company sells bulbs, perennials, and other assorted plants. OPINION: This catalog is filled with the kind of BREATHLESS PROSE and AMAZING BARGAINS designed to stampede the gardener into making impulse purchases. Their prices are cheap, but selection is limited, and quality was very mediocre. In addition, I was unable to find a phone number anywhere in the catalog--this could be a real problem, if you have problems with your order. To their credit, they generally include hardiness information. On the other hand, they also sell the "Blue Girl" rose, which is an automatic two demerits in my book. Go elsewhere. [email protected] (Jeff Reifsteck) reports: I've had nothing but bad news from Michigan Bulb. The plants were poor and didn't survive. They did replace them without question but my 40 creeping myrtle (6" evergreen ground cover) became 40 crape myrtle (a big bush and a lot more expensive). I needed ground cover not bushes. Except for the replacement of a "Blue Girl" rose all the other replacements were not plantable. [email protected] (Angela Pilote) reports: Last year I ordered some things from them -- NEVER AGAIN! I even told my husband to remind me of the poor quality of there plants and bulbs if he even SEES me *looking* at one of their catalogs. None of the plants survived and only about half (maybe less) of the bulbs came up. The bulbs also seemed very small and I think I read somewhere that this is a sign that the bulbs have not matured enough to bloom. The prices seem to be good, but if you factor in the survival rate and time invested -- it's not a deal. I'm better off paying premium prices at my nursery for good quality plants and bulbs. [Whew! I guess the verdict is in on this one!] -----Michigan Miniature Roses 45951 Hull Rd. Belleville, MI 48111 Phone: (313) 699-6698 Miniature Roses. -----Miller's Manor Gardens 3167 E. US 224 Ossian, IN 46777 A wide variety of irises, daylilies, and hosta. Thanks to Jim Wilson for this entry. -----Mini Rose Garden 1043 Mini-Rose Bldg. Cross Hill, SC 29332 Miniature Roses. -----National Arbor Day Foundation 100 Arbor Ave. Nebraska City, NE 68410 All kinds of trees OPINION: The National Arbor Day Foundation is a nonprofit organization which promotes the planting of trees. They run frequent membership blitzes where they offer to send you 10 free trees for joining. I did. You do get 10 free trees. They're all seedlings (no real surprise), but it can be hard to tell them apart, since they are labeled with a spot of colored paint which is hard to see. Their main method of raising funds appears to be selling trees, of which they have a good selection and reasonable prices. Might be worth joining if you plan to plant a lot of trees, or believe in their cause. -----Netherland Bulb Co. 13 McFadden Rd. Easton, PA 18042-9078 Orders: 1-800-788-8547 Customer Assistance: (610) 253-8879 Netherland Bulb Co. sells bulbs and other plants grown from their roots. OPINION: Mostly big pictures and not much else, this catalog will entice the winter-weary gardener into buying lots and lots of colorful plants. Their prices are cheap, but their stock is mediocre, and selection is very limited. Hardiness information is nonexistent, though most of what they sell should do OK most places in the U.S. Unless you're really pressed for money, you can do better elsewhere--just keep in mind that you get what you pay for. Cate Williams ([email protected]) reports: I'd like to really say that Netherlands Bulbs is HORRIBLE! I got suckered by the prices, and ended up with a bunch of seriously diseased tulips -- so sick, that I can't plant any more in that bed for two years. N.B. is simply dangerous. My .02$. -----New Holland Bulb Co. P.O. Box 335 Rockport, IL 62370-0335 Bulbs, and assorted perennials. Note the lack of a phone number, which could cause problems if you have difficulty with an order. -----Nor'East Miniature Roses, Inc. P.O. Box 307 Rowley, MA 01969 Phone: (508) 948-7964 Orders: 1-800-426-6485 On the West Coast: Nor'East Miniature Roses, Inc. P.O. Box 473 Ontario, CA 91762 Phone: (909) 984-2223 Orders: 1-800-662-9669 A large selection of miniature roses, and some supplies for those who like to grow them (like miniature vases) OPINION: This company is also on my "Good-Guys" list. Their prices are quite reasonable, and their stock is high quality. Their catalog has a photo of many of the offerings. If you are into miniature roses (or would like to be), this is the catalog to get. -----Ohio Gardens 102 Laramie Road Marietta, OH 45750 Miniature Tall Bearded Iris. Catalog $1 Thanks to Jim Wilson for this entry -----Oregon Miniature Roses 8285 SW 185th Ave. Beaverton, OR 97007 Miniature roses. -----Paradise Water Gardens 62 May Street Whitman, MA 02382 Water garden supplies Thanks to Bill Stoffel ([email protected]) for this entry. -----Park Seed Co. Cokesbury Rd. Greenwood, SC 29647-0001 Orders: (803) 223-7333 Customer Service: (803) 941-4480 Park Seed sells seeds, a few smaller plants, some bulbs, and garden supplies Susan Profit ([email protected]) reports: The Washington State Attorney General's office considers them to be one of the top ten mail order companies in the country. They will refund money for just about any reason, they have always been unfailingly courteous when I have called, they are knowledgeable, and will get more information for you if they do not have it on hand. The one person I know that had a customer dispute with them, was very satisfied with how they handled it, it turned out to be a quarantined plans she had ordered. They found her a local nursery that carried the plant, and had them reserve one for her, refunded her money, and apologized for the inexperienced phone trainee that had taken her order. They are always very friendly, and making comments like, oh that's a nice variety. I have never heard them say anything bad about any other company, and they are a marvel of customer appreciation. When my stepfather retired as head of the State Capitol grounds after twenty years, the company sent him a letter of appreciation for his support over the years. And he of course, had nothing but great things to say of them, based on over thirty five years of professional contact. -----Quality Dutch Bulbs P.O. Box 225 50 Lake Dr. Hillsdale, NJ 07642-0225 Phone: (215) 253-9570 Orders: 1-800-755-2852 Bulbs (need I say more?). -----Raintree Nursery 391 Butts Road Morton, WA 98356 (206) 496-6400 Fruit Trees Thanks to Eric Reed ([email protected]) for this entry. -----Rialto Gardens 1146 W. Rialto Fresno, CA 93705 Reblooming Irises. Thanks to Jim Wilson for this entry. -----Roses Unlimited Rt. 1 Box 587 Laurens, SC 29360 Phone: (803) 682-9112 Roses. -----Santa Barbara Water Gardens Box 4353 Santa Barbara, CA 93140 Water garden supplies and plants. Thanks to Bill Stoffel ([email protected]) for this entry. -----Schreiner's 3629 Quinaby Road Salem, Oregon 97303 1-800-525-2367 for orders 1-503-393-3232 for questions Tall Bearded Irises, color catalog $4 (deductible from order) Thanks to Jim Wilson for this entry -----Seed Savers Exchange Kent Whealy-Director Rural Route 3, Box 239 Decorah, Iowa 52101 [email protected] provided this entry, and says: These are great folks and it's a very worthwhile program. -----Seeds of Change P.O. Box 15700 Santa Fe, New Mexico 87506-5700 [email protected] (Juliane Thomas) provided this address and reports: My husband found this address because he wants to do some organic gardening, and these are supposed to be seeds which come from plants uncontaminated by pesticides or chemical fertilizers. He hasn't ordered any yet, but he probably will very soon. -----Sequoia Nursery/Moore Miniature Roses 2519 E. Noble Visalia, CA 93292 Phone: (209) 732-0190 Miniature Roses. -----Shepherd's Garden Seeds 30 Irene St. Torrington, CT 06790 Orders: East (203) 482-3638 West (408) 335-6910 Customer Service: (203) 482-3638 Horticultural Help: (408) 335-6910 Shepherd's sells mostly seeds, but also a few plants, and some kitchen and garden supplies. OPINION: The stylish illustrations in this catalog give it a distinctly yuppie feel, but this is a good catalog nevertheless. They have a number of varieties that are hard to find elsewhere (a whole PAGE of ornamental sunflowers!), and a wealth of useful horticultural information. My order arrived promptly, in good order, and appears to be high quality (it is still a little soon for things to be sprouting around here, though). Prices are a little above average, but seeds are cheap no matter how you slice it. -----Siskiyou Rare Plant Nursery, 2825 Cummings Road Medford, OR 97501-1538 Phone: (503) 772-6846 Catalog $2 Thanks to Sean A. O'Hara ([email protected]) for this entry. -----Slocum Water Gardens 1101 Cypress Gardens Boulevard Winter Haven, FL 33880-6099 Water garden supplies and plants. Thanks to Bill Stoffel ([email protected]) for this entry. -----Smith & Hawken Two Arbor Lane P.O. Box 6900 Florence, KY 41022-6900 Smith & Hawken sells mostly supplies and yard stuff, but also some seeds and live plants. -----Spring Hill Mail Order Reservation Center 6523 North Galena Rd. P.O. Box 1758 Peoria, IL 61656-1758 Orders: (309) 689-3800 Customer Service: (309) 689-3849 Spring Hill sells just about any kind of plant that catches their fancy. OPINION: Spring Hill is one of these places that is in the business of dumping cheap, inappropriate merchandise on unsuspecting customers. The quality of their merchandise is mediocre, even though the prices are about average. The provide little or no hardiness information, which is especially troublesome considering that they sell some plants (like carnations) for outdoor planting, even though they will not survive the winter in large portions of the U.S. Furthermore, if you ever buy anything from Spring Hill, you will be on their mailing list but good. I have received no less than four different catalogs from them in the last two months (not even counting the large number of "special offers" which seem to arrive about once a week, and at least one telemarketing call). Avoid this company like the plague. Note that Spring Hill appears to be the same company, or closely associated with, Breck's Bulbs, another company on my "Avoid" list. Al Harrington [[email protected]] says: I think you are being way to hard on Spring Hill. I realize that they do not supply hardiness information, and that some of their plants are not in the best shape - their customer service is very good. I purchased the carnation collection (15 plants) and 2 of them died. I got credited for all 15 as it was a collection. I ordered a lot of stuff from them (over 100 plants) and just about all are doing just fine - what isn't I get credit for. If nothing else seeing color pictures of *everything* they sell is nice. :-) -----Stark Brothers P.O. Box 10 Louisiana, MO 63353-0010 Orders: 1-800-325-4180 Customer Service: 1-800-478-2759 Stark Brothers sells almost exclusively fruit trees, and a few ornamentals. Eric Reed ([email protected]) reports: Stark Brothers have been around for a long time. Many of their fruit trees are their own hybrids. I have order from them twice, both times the orders were very well packed and the trees were healthy and in general good shape. I planted a local nursery apple tree and a Stark tree the same weekend. The Stark tree has done much better. It has grown faster and produce fruit earlier than the local nursery tree. The catalog is well written and gives a lot of information on each tree. -----Taylor's Roses P.O. Box 11272 Chicksaw, AL 36671-0272 Phone: (205) 456-7753 Miniature roses. -----Tetra Pond Box 4858 Toms River, NJ 08754-9946 Water garden and pond supplies Thanks to Bill Stoffel ([email protected]) for this entry. -----Texas Mini Roses P.O. Box 267 Denton, TX 76202 Phone: (817) 566-3034 Miniature roses. -----Tiny Petals Miniature Rose Nursery 483 Minot Ave. Chula Vista CA 91910 Phone: (619) 422-0385 Miniature roses. -----Trophy Roses, LTD 1308 N. Kennicott Ave. Arlington Heights, IL 60004 Orders/Catalogs: (708) 253-0998 Fax: (708) 253-0738 Roses. -----Van Dyek's Flower Farm PO Box 430 Brightwaters, NY 11718-0430 Bulbs. Thanks to Howard Fujimoto ([email protected]) for this listing. -----Van Ness Water Gardens 2460 North Euclid Upland, CA 91786-1199 Water garden supplies and plants. Thanks to Bill Stoffel ([email protected]) for this entry. -----Waterford Gardens 74 East Allendale Road Saddle River, NJ 07458 Water garden supplies and plants. Thanks to Bill Stoffel ([email protected]) for this entry. -----Wayside Gardens 1 Garden Lane Hodges, SC 29695-0001 Phone: 1-800-845-1124 Thanks to [email protected] for this listing. -----White Flower Farm Litchfield, CT 06759-0050 Orders: (203) 496-9600 White Flower Farm sells just about every kind of ornamental plant that one might reasonably want to grow in North America. OPINION: I will state my bias right up front: White Flower Farm is far and away my favorite catalog. They have a reputation for being "upscale," but their prices are only slightly above average. Their catalog offers a wealth of useful horticultural information, along with interesting commentary about each and every plant. All the information you need to know (hardiness, planting requirements, light requirements, etc.) is compiled in a single useful index, as well as being stated with the description of each plant. The catalog is organized alphabetically by genus name, so in addition to being fun to read (and look at the pictures), it makes a very useful reference. Of course, the catalog is only secondary to the merchandise. Fortunately, their produce more than lives up to the high standards set by the catalog: it is absolutely first rate. When I was buying daylillies, crocuses, and daffodils from White Flower Farm and other catalogs, the bulbs or roots from White Flower were often more than twice the size of the ones from other vendors, and at a comparable price. Even if you never buy anything from White Flower Farm, you should get their catalog as a reference, since it is almost as good as buying a book on ornamental plants, but a whole lot cheaper. Sean A. O'Hara ([email protected]) disagrees with some of my tone: Not really a flame, but please! I have a few of White Flower Farm's catalogues, and I do value them for their reference quality and nice photographs. But their plants and garden information is distinctively East Coast in character. I would very much enjoy growing a number of plants they list, but no longer attempt such folly as they are definitely inappropriate for my arid western climate (as would many of the plants I cherish in my garden be inappropriate for yours). Please, let us not forget those 'less fortunate' souls who garden elsewhere! North America is a big place, and I do not expect my garden to look like your any more that I expect your to look like mine. This reminds me of the search for a "North American gardening style". I can think of nothing more ridiculous to search for - as if it could ever be defined for a continent like ours - or that you'd want to try! This has always been a way to 'one up' the 'English style'. Well, England is a relatively small place, and even then it contains diversity more than we imagine. [I must plead guilty here. Perhaps I should have said that they sell "just about any ornamental plant one might reasonably want to grow East of the Rockies...."] -----Gilbert H Wild and Son, Inc. P.O. Box 338 Sarcoxie, Mo. 64862-0338 Phone: (417) 548-3514 Thanks to Joanne Kube-Harderwijk ([email protected]) for this address. Harry Boswell ([email protected]) reports: ....an excellent mail-order nursery specializing in daylilies and peonies (I've ordered from them several times, with very good results).... Great catalog, with lots of color photos, good discount section in the back. -----Wildseed Farms, Inc. 1101 Campo Rosa Rd, PO Box 308 Eagle Lake, TX 77434 Phone: 1-800-848-0078 Fax: (409) 234-7407 Wildflower seeds, including some hard-to-find ones. Thanks to Chad Segura ([email protected]) for this entry. ----Woodlanders, Inc. 1128 Colleton Ave. Aiken, SC 29801 Fax/Phone: (803) 648-7522 Plants, with an emphasis on native plants, and a few books. Thanks to Anne Wolf ([email protected]), who reports that this is an excellent catalog. -----
VII. But Before We Go.... I hope this FAQ has been useful. I also hope it has been accurate. If you find any mistakes, or have any comments, please send me E-mail at the address listed at the top of the file. Any suggestions for improving future editions will be happily accepted, and possibly even acted upon. This FAQ is also available via the World Wide Web. The URL is: http://jean-luc.ncsa.uiuc.edu/People/PeterL/PBM-FAQ.html I will try to get the new edition up as soon as I can. If it isn't updated within a few days, send me mail and I'll get to it. There is also a WWW page which allows you to send me comments without having to know my E-Mail address or anything. You can reach this page at the same URL as the FAQ itself. -=*=end-July, 1994-plants-by-mail.faq update Article 38933 of rec.gardens: Path: bigblue.oit.unc.edu!concert!inxs.concert.net!taco.cc.ncsu.edu!gatech!howland.reston.ans.net!vixen.cso.uiuc.edu!uxa.cso.uiuc.edu!leppik From: [email protected] (Peter Leppik) Newsgroups: rec.gardens,rec.answers,news.answers Subject: Plants By Mail FAQ Followup-To: rec.gardens Date: 20 Jul 1994 14:16:51 GMT Organization: University of Illinois at Urbana Lines: 1346 Approved: [email protected] Message-ID: Reply-To: [email protected] NNTP-Posting-Host: uxa.cso.uiuc.edu Summary: This FAQ contains information about buying plants and garden supplies through the mail. It includes suggestions, information about what to expect, and a lengthy list of mail-order companies. Opionions about some companies (derived from experiences with those companies) are included. Originator: [email protected] Xref: bigblue.oit.unc.edu rec.gardens:38933 rec.answers:6152 news.answers:24392 Archive-name: plants-by-mail Posting-Frequency: bimonthly (sporadic) Plants By Mail FAQ by Peter Leppik [email protected] This document is intended to introduce readers to the world of buying plants by mail order; and also to serve as a central clearinghouse for information about contacting various mail order plant houses. I make no claims about being more informed on this topic than your average Joe, but I saw the need, and I'm willing to put forth the effort to compile and maintain this. History: Updated: 7/12/94 General updates. Updated: 4/30/94 Originally Created: 3/17/94 (late at night) Contents: I. Introduction II. But First, A Word From Our Lawyers III. How To Tell a Good Company from a Bad One (or: Things To Look For Before Taking the Plunge) IV. What To Do When Your Order Arrives (or: OhMyGawd! There's No DIRT With These Plants!) V. Which Catalog To Order From VI. Mail Order Houses, How to Contact Them, and My Opinions Thereof VII. But Before We Go....
I. Introduction It seems that one of the most common article titles in rec.gardens is, "How can I reach XYZZY?" or, "The Plugh company sent me a catalog. Are they any good?" I hope to be able to answer some of these questions in a reasonably definitive manner (the first is easy, the second harder), and provide the neophyte with some introduction to buying plants by mail. My experience in this area has been short, but intense. After finally moving from a small condo into a real house (with a YARD and a GARDEN even!), one of my first projects was to begin widespread replanting of the yard (which is mostly boring grass, or very ugly hybrid poplars). To do that, last Fall, I began ordering large numbers of bulbs and plants from a number of mail-order houses. Some were good, some were bad, and I learned a lot about what to look for and what to avoid. I welcome any and all comments. Send them to my E-mail address above. If there is some catalog not covered here which you think should be, by all means let me know. If you do send me comments, PLEASE please respect my poor, overworked mailer. I've had people resend me the entire FAQ just for a few lines of comments, and I even had one person send me a bunch of UUencoded binary pictures! Needless to say, this doesn't help me much, and it wastes my disk space. That said....do send comments, because they do help! At the end of this document, there is a URL address where you can find an HTTP version of this FAQ. If you don't know what HTTP is, don't sweat it. If you do, then you can get this FAQ there. There is also a nifty "point and shoot" form set up there, so you can mail me comments without having to know my E-mail address or anything. I assume that, if you send me comments, you don't mind if they find their way into a future edition. I'll try to verify this, but sometimes I forget. Thus, if you DON'T want you name in a future edition of the FAQ, be sure to say so.
II. But First, A Word From Our Lawyers All opinions in this document are the opinions of the author, unless otherwise noted. The author is well-known for his arbitrary and capricious judgments, and cannot be held liable for anything he says herein. Besides, the author is a poor grad student, and suing him is like trying to squeeze blood from a rock.
III. How To Tell a Good Company from a Bad One (or: Things To Look For Before Taking the Plunge) If you are like me, you probably have a dozen or two catalogs from various places, some fancy, others plain, and you're wondering who to order from and how to tell the difference between a place that really cares, and a place that is just trying to unload some poor, pathetic bits of green stuff on The Gullible Majority. In this section, I will outline what I think a reputable mail order company should do, and what you should consider before buying a plant sight-unseen. What a Reputable Mail-Order Company Will Do 1) Every perennial in the catalog should have a clearly indicated hardiness range. That is, for every perennial (anything you expect to last more than one year) should have indicated which USDA hardiness zones it will survive in. Simple adjectives like "hardy," or "tender," are NOT sufficient. Perhaps I am biased, being a Minnesota native currently living in Illinois, but I have seen too many catalogs which do not include this crucial information. Without knowing this, it is too easy to buy plants that won't survive in your climate. This also includes those of you who live in places like Southern California, where it never gets cold, since some plants require a period of cold temperatures every year in order to survive/bloom/etc. 2) Every plant should have its botanical (scientific) name listed. Of course, this doesn't count for things like roses or tomatoes, which everybody knows what that are. This may sound picky, but think about it: if you ever want to get information on this plant from some other source, and they use their own name, you might have a devil of a time figuring out how to get information. A plant's botanical name is unique. I have seen places that will take a standard variety of some plant, come up with a flashy (trademarked) name, and sell it as something special. Needless to say, this is dishonest. 3) Information on the habitat requirements should be easy to find. By this, I mean answers to questions like, how much sun does it need, how much water, and so forth. Nearly every catalog has this, but if you see one that doesn't, stay away. 4) A good company will have a horticulturist on staff you can call, and provide the phone number in a prominent place in their catalog. This can be priceless if you need to know a specific answer about some plant or another. Some catalogs have a horticulturist, but only one phone number (i.e. they don't have a separate order line), so don't take the lack of a "Horticultural Information" phone number to mean a lack of horticultural information. Finally, something that you should probably ignore: 5) Every mail order catalog that I've seen offers some sort of guarantee. This should NOT be a factor in deciding where to buy from. After all, what good does it do if they replace a plant that died because you can't grow oranges in Alaska? The replacement will just die, too, and you'll spend twice as much time on a plant that was Never Meant To Be. Besides, these places know that 95% of all gardeners will never take advantage of their guarantee even if the plants do die. Some people have even noted an inverse relation between the quality of the guarantee and the quality of the plants: the louder the company proclaims its "FOOLPROOF 100% MONEY-BACK GUARANTEE," the worse the plants are when they arrive. What To Consider Before Taking the Plunge Okay, so you've got your heart set on the beautiful Creeping Green Stuff. Before plunking your money and time on it (usually more time than money), you should stop and ask yourself a few questions: 1) Will it grow in my area? If they don't make it CLEAR (i.e. by telling you the hardiness zone), then avoid that plant, or buy it from somebody who will tell you. 2) Do I have a place to put it? It is very easy to get spring fever when all the catalogs start arriving midwinter, and wind up buying enough plants to cover every square inch of your yard two or three times over. Make sure you have a specific place for each and every plant you order, and make sure you will have the time to plant it when it arrives. Keep in mind that you will probably have to plant them soon after they arrive, and you might not be able to control the exact day they arrive. Thus, ordering 150 bushes for a new hedge from one place, all of which will arrive via UPS on the same day and need to be planted immediately, is probably not a good idea. Believe me. 3) Will it really look the way I want it to? Keep in mind that the pictures in the catalogs are designed to sell plants, and the plants in your garden will generally not look quite as nice. I have seen a lot of comments from people in rec.gardens about the rose Blue Girl as a particular offender in this respect. Also keep in mind that illustrations (as opposed to photographs) can be very deceptive, too.
IV. What To Do When Your Order Arrives (or: OhMyGawd! There's No DIRT With These Plants!) The most important thing to do when your order arrives is DON'T PANIC! Good. Take a few deep breaths. The reason your roses/trees/whatever arrived without any dirt is not because the company sent you dead plants. Shipping woody plants without dirt ("bare-root") is standard. First, it does not harm the plants much, as long as the company has taken steps to ensure that the roots don't dry out. Usually, this involves dipping the roots in some sort of stuff that helps retain moisture. Second, shipping plants bare-root helps keep shipping costs down. Shipping with dirt could easily double or triple the weight of the plant when shipped, and make it that much more expensive to buy. Finally, shipping plants bare-root helps prevent the spread of pests that live in the soil (like the Japanese beetle). Needless to say, unless you're buying small seedlings, it would be expensive for a company to grow all their stock in greenhouses. There are a few places which ship plants in pots. Shipping a plant with the dirt will be less traumatic to the plants, and, as a rule, you can expect these plants to be healthier, but, because of shipping expenses, they will often also be much smaller than bare-root plants. Given the option, I will usually buy the plant shipped in a pot, eve though it will usually be more expensive. In addition, there are some plants which have to be shipped in pots, simply because they're too fragile otherwise. Generally, you will get a little booklet with your order explaining how to plant your new plants. Usually, the first thing to do (with bare root plants) is to stick them in a bucket of water for some time. You should do this as soon as they arrive. Then, dig a hole according to the booklet instructions, and plant those buggers. It may take some time for your new plants to leaf out, especially if they're dormant when shipped. Again, don't panic. If you planted in the spring, don't call the company to complain that the plants are dead until midsummer. They'll just tell you to wait, because sometimes the plants take a while to adjust to their new surroundings.
V. Which Catalog To Order From If you are buying roses, you should certainly order from a catalog which specializes in roses. There are quite a few of these catalogs, and you will generally get better selection, quality, and price than you would from buying from a catalog which doesn't specialize in roses. For some reason, this rule of thumb seems to be the other way around when buying bulbs. I have had the best experiences buying bulbs from White Flower Farms, which is generally an outstanding catalog, but they aren't even remotely limited to bulbs. My worst experiences, on the other hand, were with places that sell only, or mainly bulbs. Go figure. Not everybody will agree with my judgments. After much consideration (and several long discussions on the order of "Company X isn't really THAT bad!"), I've decided that the main consideration has to be consistency. That means that I can count on large plants, of a uniformly high quality, every time I order. Note, too, that I haven't yet had anyone take issue with my list of "Good" companies, just the "Bad" ones. Having said that, here is my list of best and worst companies, based solely on my personal experiences: Really Good Companies: White Flower Farms Nor'East Miniature Roses Heirloom Old Garden Roses Gardener's Supply Company Shepherd's Garden Seeds Companies To Avoid: Spring Hill Michigan Bulb Co. Breck's Bulbs Gurney's
VI. Mail Order Houses, How to Contact Them, and My Opinions Thereof This section is really the meat of this FAQ. Here, I will list as many mail order houses as I can get catalogs for, how to contact them, and my impressions of them. If you're interested in a place that isn't listed here, by all means, ask them to put me on their list, and I'll include them in a future edition. For each company, I will list their name, mailing address, phone number, a general description of what they sell, and my opinions. Opinions are strictly mine, unless otherwise noted. I will not indicate an opinion unless I have actually ordered something from a company, unless the opinion is someone else's. -----Aitken's Salmon Creek Garden 608 NW 119 St. Vancouver, WA 98685 (206) 573-4472 A wide variety of irises, and some orchids. Thanks to Jim Wilson for this entry. -----Antique Rose Emporium Route 5 Box 143 Brenham, TX 77833 Old garden roses. -----The Aril Patch 3843 Concord Blvd. Concord, CA 94519
catalog $.75 (We have less experience with these since we grow
Aril Irises. Catalog $.75 Thanks to Jim Wilson for this entry. -----The Banana Tree, Inc. 715 Northampton St. Easton , PA 18042 Phone: (215) 253 9589 Fax: (215) 253 4864 Jarkko Lapinlampi reports: The catalog costs $3.00, and lists rare seeds, mostly tropicals, gingers, bananas. 36 pages of Interesting Reading! -----Breck's Bulbs U.S. Reservation Center 6523 North Galena Rd. Peoria, IL 61632 Orders: (309) 689-3870 Breck's sells bulbs imported from Holland: tulips, crocuses, daffodils, etc. OPINION: Overall, I am not terribly impressed with Breck's. Their merchandise (contrary to the catalog hype) is not particularly premium, but their prices are higher than most places, even some places which have superior stock. They do not list hardiness for anything, though most of what they sell should do fine most places in the U.S. (they don't sell any of the really tender bulbs, like glads). You can do better elsewhere. Note that Breck's Bulbs appears to be the same company, or closely associated with, Spring Hill, another company on my "Avoid" list. -----Bridges Roses 2734 Toney Rd. Lawndale, NC 28090 Phone: (704) 538-9412 Fax: (704) 538-1521 Mostly miniature roses, and a few hybrid teas. -----George C. Bush Clean Shaven Iris 1739 Memory Lane Extended York, PA 17402 Phone: (717) 755-0557 Siberian Irises. Thanks to Jim Wilson for this entry. -----C.W.S. Roses 2232 Gale Ave. Coquitlam, BC V3K 2Y8 CANADA Miniature Roses. -----Caprice Farm Nursery 15425 SW Pleasant Hill Rd. Sherwood, OR 97140 Phone: (503)625-7241 They specialize in peonies, daylillies, and irises. Thanks to [email protected] (Linda Peake) for this listing. -----Carlton Rose Nurseries P.O. Box 366 Carlton, OR 97111 Phone: (503) 852-7135 Roses. -----Chamblee's Rose Nursery 10926 US Hwy. 69 N Tyler, TX 75706-8742 Phone: 1-800-256-7673 Fax: (903) 882-3597 Miniature roses, and old garden roses. -----Cooley's 11553 Silverton Rd. NE Silverton, Oregon 97381 Tall Bearded Irises. Color catalog $3 (deductible from order) Thanks to Jim Wilson for this entry -----Draycott Gardens Carol Warner 16815 Falls Road Upperco, MD 21155 Phone: (410) 374-4788 Siberian Irises. Catalog $1 Thanks to Jim Wilson for this entry ----Dutch Gardens, Inc. P.O. Box 200 Adelphia, NJ 07710 Phone: (908) 780-2713 Fax: 908 708-7720 Thanks to [email protected] (Kim Foster) for this address. [email protected] reports: *** Good selection of basic Holland bulbs; good prices, esp. in quantity (group order program esp.). Excellent color catalog with pictures of all cultivars. *** Highly recommend -----Ensata Gardens 9823 E. Michigan Ave. Galesburg, Michigan 49053 (616) 665-7500 Japanese Irises. Catalog $2 Thanks to Jim Wilson for this entry. -----The Flowery Branch P.O. Box 1330 Flowery Branch, GA 30542 Phone: (404) 536-8380 Mon.-Fri. 10 AM-4 PM Fax: (404) 532-7825 Jarkko Lapinlampi reports: The catalog costs $2.00, the 1994 edition 'A Garden of Delights' is 100 pages, and lists a LOT of seeds as well (between 1000 and 2000 different kinds) (ornamentals, herbs, everlastings). -----Flowers Tn Friends Miniature Roses 9590 100th St SE Alto, MI 49302 Phone: (616) 891-1226 Miniature roses. -----Four Seasons Nursery Dept. 9 1706 Morrissey Dr. Bloomington, IL 61704 Orders: (309) 663-9551 Four Seasons sells a wide variety of nursery stock, like bushes, trees, and bulbs. They also have a limited selection of garden supplies. -----Fungi Perfecti PO Box 7634 Olympia, WA 98507 Phone: (206) 426-9292 Fax: (206) 426-9377 Fungi Perfecti sells fungus. Thanks to Kris Carroll ([email protected]) for bringing this to my attention. -----Gardener's Eden P.O. Box 7307 San Francisco, CA 94120-7307 Orders: 1-800-822-9600 Customer Service: 1-800-822-1214 Fax: (415) 421-5153 Mostly upscale garden-stuff, like furniture, birdhouses, and so forth. No plants to speak of. -----Gardener's Supply Co. 128 Intervale Rd. Burlington, VT 05401 Orders/Customer Service: (802) 863-1700 TDD: (802) 660-3530 Fax: (802) 660-4600 All kinds of gardening supplies, and a few plants. OPINION: I have had good experiences with this company. Their products appear to be of a uniformly high quality, and a lot of people in rec.gardens swear by them. At least one of their employees reads this newsgroup, so you may be able to get answers "from the horse's mouth," if you know who to ask. If anybody can supply me with his E-mail address, I would appreciate it (for future editions). -----Gardens Alive 5100 Schenley Place Lawrenceburg, IN 47025 Orders: (812) 537-8650 Fax: (812) 537-5108 Organic gardening supplies. -----Giles Ramblin' Roses 2968 SR 710 Okeechobee, FL 34974 Phone: (813) 763-6611 Roses. -----Gurney's 110 Capital St. Yankton, SD 57079 Orders: (605) 665-1930 Customer Assistance: (605) 665-1671 Gurney's sells nearly everything under the sun: seeds, shrubs, trees, bulbs, garden supplies, you name it, and they probably sell it. OPINION: I ordered seeds, bushes, and trees from Gurney's this year. The quality was generally proportional to the price paid: some things are really good, but the el-cheapo specials sometimes left something to be desired. Their horticultural staff appears knowledgeable, and certainly friendly. Susan Profit ([email protected]) reports that she had some bad experiences with Gurney's a number of years ago, relating to shipping and billing screw-ups. She hasn't ordered from them since, so I don't know if this is an isolated incident, or the result of generally bad management. Any comments on this would be greatly appreciated. -----Hardy Roses for the North Box 2048 Grand Forks, BC V0H 1H0 CANADA Box 273 Danville, WA 99121-0273 Fax: (604) 442-2766 Own-Root (not grafted) roses. -----Heirloom Old Garden Roses 24062 NE Riverside Dr. St. Paul, OR 91737 Orders: (503) 538-1576 This is a catalog of "old" roses: not a hybrid tea to be found. If you're looking for english or unusual roses, this is the place to go. OPINION: If you are a rose grower, and you are still growing hybrid teas, this catalog will convert you. Many of the old roses offered here are just as good, if not better than, the more common modern roses. The catalog offers a lot of information about a zillion different roses, including hardiness, and (my favorite) lists of roses well-suited for particular uses (i.e. roses for growing over trellises, roses for scent, etc.). Their stock is first-rate, and all grown on its own roots, so there are no bud unions to worry about. There is no separate phone number for questions, but I found the people answering the phone to be knowledgeable and helpful. Two thumbs up. Note that they charge $5 for the catalog, but once you're on their mailing list (i.e. after you buy something), they'll send it free. -----Henry Field's 415 North Burnett Shenandoah, IA 51602 Orders: (605) 665-9391 Fax: (605) 665-2601 Customer Service: (605) 665-4491 A general seeds-and-stuff catalog. They sell seeds, plants, and bulbs. -----Hidden Garden Nursery 13515 SE Briggs Milwaukie, OR 97222-6117 Miniature roses. -----Holland Bulb Farms 423 Borad St. P.O. Box 220 Tatamy PA 18085-0220 Orders: 1-800-283-5082 Another bulb catalog. -----Hortico 723 Robson Rd. Waterton, Ontario L0R 2H1 CANADA Phone: (905) 689-6984 or (905) 689-3002 Fax: (905) 689-6566 Roses. Catalog costs $3. -----J.L. Hudson, Seedsman P.O. Box 1058 Redwood City, California, 94064 Jarkko Lapinlampi reports: The catalog costs $1.00, and is worth every cent. The 1994 edition of the Ethnobotanical Catalog of Seeds is 95 pages and lists a LOT of seeds (herbs, trees, vegetables, some ornamentals), as well as some books and other literature. More info is printed on every seed package, and there are plenty of seeds per package. (The motto is: 'If seed production was bountiful you'll get more seeds). -----Jackson & Perkins P.O. Box 1028 Medford, OR 97501 Orders: 1-800-292-4769 J&P actually publishes more different catalogs than you can shake a stick at. They are highly respected, though I've never ordered anything from them. -----J. W. Jung Seed & Nursery 335 S. High St. Randolph, WI 53957-0001 Orders: 1-800-247-JUNG Customer Service: 1-800-297-3123 Jung's sells seeds, nursery stock, a few bulbs, and supplies -----Justice Miniature Roses 5947 SW Kahle Rd. Wilsonville, OR 97070 Phone: (503) 682-2370 Miniature Roses. -----Lee Valley Tools Ltd. P.O. Box 6295, Stn. J Ottawa, Ontario K2A 1T4 Canada Phone Order: 1-800-267-8767 FAX: 1-800-668-1807 Customer Service: 1-800-267-8761 They carry mostly really neat woodworking tools but have a garden supply section that has some interesting things. Hope this helps. Thanks to Janet Lupson ([email protected]) for this entry. -----Lenington Gardens 7007 Manchester Ave. Kansas City, MO 64133 Tim Fehr ([email protected]) Provided this address and reports: We just returned from Kansas City and had the pleasure of visiting Lenington gardens - over 1,000 varieties of daylillies. Robert Lenington and his wife opened the garden 2 hours early to accommodate our travel schedule. We were treated to tour of the gardens and it was really impressive. They introduced many of the Marsh cultivars including the Prairie and Chicago series. Seeing 30 feet of Prairie Blue Eyes or Chicago Knobby in bloom makes quite an impression. The Leningtons host garden clubs during the summer they said and run a mail order business. I was especially delighted to see some of the Lenington families own introductions. Two were really eye catching FUZZ BUNNIES is a lemon yellow double with really consistent double form and WINE DELIGHT is a small wine-red flower with a real red eye zone - this had up to 40 buds on many of the scapes and there were lots of scapes so it should bloom for quite a long time. A landscaper or gardeners delight indeed! Send for a catalog - prices were very reasonable - I would guess 90% are under $20.00 - 50% at or under $10.00. Donna Sullivan ([email protected]) reports: I ordered from their catalog last fall and the daylilly varieties were outstanding! They arrived in good shape (I'm in Massachusetts) and are coming up strong this summer. Looking forward to the blooms. If anyone is looking for variety in daylillies, their catalog is wonderful and inexpensive. I ordered with a friend and if you ordered more than a certain amount, everything was 50% off! -----Lilypons Water Gardens Box 10 Lilypons, MD 21717-0010 Phone: (301) 428-0686 Pond stuff. Thanks to Bill Stoffel ([email protected]) for this address. -----Louisiana Nursery Rt. 7, Box 43 Opelousas, LA 70570 Louisiana Irises. Also daylillies and some other bulbs and plants. Thanks to Jim Wilson for this entry. -----McDaniel's Miniature Roses 7523 Zemco St. Lemon Grove, CA 91945 Miniature roses. -----Michigan Bulb Co. 1950 Waldorf NW Grad Rapids, MI 49550-0500 Michigan Bulb Company sells bulbs, perennials, and other assorted plants. OPINION: This catalog is filled with the kind of BREATHLESS PROSE and AMAZING BARGAINS designed to stampede the gardener into making impulse purchases. Their prices are cheap, but selection is limited, and quality was very mediocre. In addition, I was unable to find a phone number anywhere in the catalog--this could be a real problem, if you have problems with your order. To their credit, they generally include hardiness information. On the other hand, they also sell the "Blue Girl" rose, which is an automatic two demerits in my book. Go elsewhere. [email protected] (Jeff Reifsteck) reports: I've had nothing but bad news from Michigan Bulb. The plants were poor and didn't survive. They did replace them without question but my 40 creeping myrtle (6" evergreen ground cover) became 40 crape myrtle (a big bush and a lot more expensive). I needed ground cover not bushes. Except for the replacement of a "Blue Girl" rose all the other replacements were not plantable. [email protected] (Angela Pilote) reports: Last year I ordered some things from them -- NEVER AGAIN! I even told my husband to remind me of the poor quality of there plants and bulbs if he even SEES me *looking* at one of their catalogs. None of the plants survived and only about half (maybe less) of the bulbs came up. The bulbs also seemed very small and I think I read somewhere that this is a sign that the bulbs have not matured enough to bloom. The prices seem to be good, but if you factor in the survival rate and time invested -- it's not a deal. I'm better off paying premium prices at my nursery for good quality plants and bulbs. [Whew! I guess the verdict is in on this one!] -----Michigan Miniature Roses 45951 Hull Rd. Belleville, MI 48111 Phone: (313) 699-6698 Miniature Roses. -----Miller's Manor Gardens 3167 E. US 224 Ossian, IN 46777 A wide variety of irises, daylilies, and hosta. Thanks to Jim Wilson for this entry. -----Mini Rose Garden 1043 Mini-Rose Bldg. Cross Hill, SC 29332 Miniature Roses. -----National Arbor Day Foundation 100 Arbor Ave. Nebraska City, NE 68410 All kinds of trees OPINION: The National Arbor Day Foundation is a nonprofit organization which promotes the planting of trees. They run frequent membership blitzes where they offer to send you 10 free trees for joining. I did. You do get 10 free trees. They're all seedlings (no real surprise), but it can be hard to tell them apart, since they are labeled with a spot of colored paint which is hard to see. Their main method of raising funds appears to be selling trees, of which they have a good selection and reasonable prices. Might be worth joining if you plan to plant a lot of trees, or believe in their cause. -----Netherland Bulb Co. 13 McFadden Rd. Easton, PA 18042-9078 Orders: 1-800-788-8547 Customer Assistance: (610) 253-8879 Netherland Bulb Co. sells bulbs and other plants grown from their roots. OPINION: Mostly big pictures and not much else, this catalog will entice the winter-weary gardener into buying lots and lots of colorful plants. Their prices are cheap, but their stock is mediocre, and selection is very limited. Hardiness information is nonexistent, though most of what they sell should do OK most places in the U.S. Unless you're really pressed for money, you can do better elsewhere--just keep in mind that you get what you pay for. Cate Williams ([email protected]) reports: I'd like to really say that Netherlands Bulbs is HORRIBLE! I got suckered by the prices, and ended up with a bunch of seriously diseased tulips -- so sick, that I can't plant any more in that bed for two years. N.B. is simply dangerous. My .02$. -----New Holland Bulb Co. P.O. Box 335 Rockport, IL 62370-0335 Bulbs, and assorted perennials. Note the lack of a phone number, which could cause problems if you have difficulty with an order. -----Nor'East Miniature Roses, Inc. P.O. Box 307 Rowley, MA 01969 Phone: (508) 948-7964 Orders: 1-800-426-6485 On the West Coast: Nor'East Miniature Roses, Inc. P.O. Box 473 Ontario, CA 91762 Phone: (909) 984-2223 Orders: 1-800-662-9669 A large selection of miniature roses, and some supplies for those who like to grow them (like miniature vases) OPINION: This company is also on my "Good-Guys" list. Their prices are quite reasonable, and their stock is high quality. Their catalog has a photo of many of the offerings. If you are into miniature roses (or would like to be), this is the catalog to get. -----Ohio Gardens 102 Laramie Road Marietta, OH 45750 Miniature Tall Bearded Iris. Catalog $1 Thanks to Jim Wilson for this entry -----Oregon Miniature Roses 8285 SW 185th Ave. Beaverton, OR 97007 Miniature roses. -----Paradise Water Gardens 62 May Street Whitman, MA 02382 Water garden supplies Thanks to Bill Stoffel ([email protected]) for this entry. -----Park Seed Co. Cokesbury Rd. Greenwood, SC 29647-0001 Orders: (803) 223-7333 Customer Service: (803) 941-4480 Park Seed sells seeds, a few smaller plants, some bulbs, and garden supplies Susan Profit ([email protected]) reports: The Washington State Attorney General's office considers them to be one of the top ten mail order companies in the country. They will refund money for just about any reason, they have always been unfailingly courteous when I have called, they are knowledgeable, and will get more information for you if they do not have it on hand. The one person I know that had a customer dispute with them, was very satisfied with how they handled it, it turned out to be a quarantined plans she had ordered. They found her a local nursery that carried the plant, and had them reserve one for her, refunded her money, and apologized for the inexperienced phone trainee that had taken her order. They are always very friendly, and making comments like, oh that's a nice variety. I have never heard them say anything bad about any other company, and they are a marvel of customer appreciation. When my stepfather retired as head of the State Capitol grounds after twenty years, the company sent him a letter of appreciation for his support over the years. And he of course, had nothing but great things to say of them, based on over thirty five years of professional contact. -----Quality Dutch Bulbs P.O. Box 225 50 Lake Dr. Hillsdale, NJ 07642-0225 Phone: (215) 253-9570 Orders: 1-800-755-2852 Bulbs (need I say more?). -----Raintree Nursery 391 Butts Road Morton, WA 98356 (206) 496-6400 Fruit Trees Thanks to Eric Reed ([email protected]) for this entry. -----Rialto Gardens 1146 W. Rialto Fresno, CA 93705 Reblooming Irises. Thanks to Jim Wilson for this entry. -----Roses Unlimited Rt. 1 Box 587 Laurens, SC 29360 Phone: (803) 682-9112 Roses. -----Santa Barbara Water Gardens Box 4353 Santa Barbara, CA 93140 Water garden supplies and plants. Thanks to Bill Stoffel ([email protected]) for this entry. -----Schreiner's 3629 Quinaby Road Salem, Oregon 97303 1-800-525-2367 for orders 1-503-393-3232 for questions Tall Bearded Irises, color catalog $4 (deductible from order) Thanks to Jim Wilson for this entry -----Seed Savers Exchange Kent Whealy-Director Rural Route 3, Box 239 Decorah, Iowa 52101 [email protected] provided this entry, and says: These are great folks and it's a very worthwhile program. -----Seeds of Change P.O. Box 15700 Santa Fe, New Mexico 87506-5700 [email protected] (Juliane Thomas) provided this address and reports: My husband found this address because he wants to do some organic gardening, and these are supposed to be seeds which come from plants uncontaminated by pesticides or chemical fertilizers. He hasn't ordered any yet, but he probably will very soon. -----Sequoia Nursery/Moore Miniature Roses 2519 E. Noble Visalia, CA 93292 Phone: (209) 732-0190 Miniature Roses. -----Shepherd's Garden Seeds 30 Irene St. Torrington, CT 06790 Orders: East (203) 482-3638 West (408) 335-6910 Customer Service: (203) 482-3638 Horticultural Help: (408) 335-6910 Shepherd's sells mostly seeds, but also a few plants, and some kitchen and garden supplies. OPINION: The stylish illustrations in this catalog give it a distinctly yuppie feel, but this is a good catalog nevertheless. They have a number of varieties that are hard to find elsewhere (a whole PAGE of ornamental sunflowers!), and a wealth of useful horticultural information. My order arrived promptly, in good order, and appears to be high quality (it is still a little soon for things to be sprouting around here, though). Prices are a little above average, but seeds are cheap no matter how you slice it. -----Siskiyou Rare Plant Nursery, 2825 Cummings Road Medford, OR 97501-1538 Phone: (503) 772-6846 Catalog $2 Thanks to Sean A. O'Hara ([email protected]) for this entry. -----Slocum Water Gardens 1101 Cypress Gardens Boulevard Winter Haven, FL 33880-6099 Water garden supplies and plants. Thanks to Bill Stoffel ([email protected]) for this entry. -----Smith & Hawken Two Arbor Lane P.O. Box 6900 Florence, KY 41022-6900 Smith & Hawken sells mostly supplies and yard stuff, but also some seeds and live plants. -----Spring Hill Mail Order Reservation Center 6523 North Galena Rd. P.O. Box 1758 Peoria, IL 61656-1758 Orders: (309) 689-3800 Customer Service: (309) 689-3849 Spring Hill sells just about any kind of plant that catches their fancy. OPINION: Spring Hill is one of these places that is in the business of dumping cheap, inappropriate merchandise on unsuspecting customers. The quality of their merchandise is mediocre, even though the prices are about average. The provide little or no hardiness information, which is especially troublesome considering that they sell some plants (like carnations) for outdoor planting, even though they will not survive the winter in large portions of the U.S. Furthermore, if you ever buy anything from Spring Hill, you will be on their mailing list but good. I have received no less than four different catalogs from them in the last two months (not even counting the large number of "special offers" which seem to arrive about once a week, and at least one telemarketing call). Avoid this company like the plague. Note that Spring Hill appears to be the same company, or closely associated with, Breck's Bulbs, another company on my "Avoid" list. Al Harrington [[email protected]] says: I think you are being way to hard on Spring Hill. I realize that they do not supply hardiness information, and that some of their plants are not in the best shape - their customer service is very good. I purchased the carnation collection (15 plants) and 2 of them died. I got credited for all 15 as it was a collection. I ordered a lot of stuff from them (over 100 plants) and just about all are doing just fine - what isn't I get credit for. If nothing else seeing color pictures of *everything* they sell is nice. :-) -----Stark Brothers P.O. Box 10 Louisiana, MO 63353-0010 Orders: 1-800-325-4180 Customer Service: 1-800-478-2759 Stark Brothers sells almost exclusively fruit trees, and a few ornamentals. Eric Reed ([email protected]) reports: Stark Brothers have been around for a long time. Many of their fruit trees are their own hybrids. I have order from them twice, both times the orders were very well packed and the trees were healthy and in general good shape. I planted a local nursery apple tree and a Stark tree the same weekend. The Stark tree has done much better. It has grown faster and produce fruit earlier than the local nursery tree. The catalog is well written and gives a lot of information on each tree. -----Taylor's Roses P.O. Box 11272 Chicksaw, AL 36671-0272 Phone: (205) 456-7753 Miniature roses. -----Tetra Pond Box 4858 Toms River, NJ 08754-9946 Water garden and pond supplies Thanks to Bill Stoffel ([email protected]) for this entry. -----Texas Mini Roses P.O. Box 267 Denton, TX 76202 Phone: (817) 566-3034 Miniature roses. -----Tiny Petals Miniature Rose Nursery 483 Minot Ave. Chula Vista CA 91910 Phone: (619) 422-0385 Miniature roses. -----Trophy Roses, LTD 1308 N. Kennicott Ave. Arlington Heights, IL 60004 Orders/Catalogs: (708) 253-0998 Fax: (708) 253-0738 Roses. -----Van Dyek's Flower Farm PO Box 430 Brightwaters, NY 11718-0430 Bulbs. Thanks to Howard Fujimoto ([email protected]) for this listing. -----Van Ness Water Gardens 2460 North Euclid Upland, CA 91786-1199 Water garden supplies and plants. Thanks to Bill Stoffel ([email protected]) for this entry. -----Waterford Gardens 74 East Allendale Road Saddle River, NJ 07458 Water garden supplies and plants. Thanks to Bill Stoffel ([email protected]) for this entry. -----Wayside Gardens 1 Garden Lane Hodges, SC 29695-0001 Phone: 1-800-845-1124 Thanks to [email protected] for this listing. -----White Flower Farm Litchfield, CT 06759-0050 Orders: (203) 496-9600 White Flower Farm sells just about every kind of ornamental plant that one might reasonably want to grow in North America. OPINION: I will state my bias right up front: White Flower Farm is far and away my favorite catalog. They have a reputation for being "upscale," but their prices are only slightly above average. Their catalog offers a wealth of useful horticultural information, along with interesting commentary about each and every plant. All the information you need to know (hardiness, planting requirements, light requirements, etc.) is compiled in a single useful index, as well as being stated with the description of each plant. The catalog is organized alphabetically by genus name, so in addition to being fun to read (and look at the pictures), it makes a very useful reference. Of course, the catalog is only secondary to the merchandise. Fortunately, their produce more than lives up to the high standards set by the catalog: it is absolutely first rate. When I was buying daylillies, crocuses, and daffodils from White Flower Farm and other catalogs, the bulbs or roots from White Flower were often more than twice the size of the ones from other vendors, and at a comparable price. Even if you never buy anything from White Flower Farm, you should get their catalog as a reference, since it is almost as good as buying a book on ornamental plants, but a whole lot cheaper. Sean A. O'Hara ([email protected]) disagrees with some of my tone: Not really a flame, but please! I have a few of White Flower Farm's catalogues, and I do value them for their reference quality and nice photographs. But their plants and garden information is distinctively East Coast in character. I would very much enjoy growing a number of plants they list, but no longer attempt such folly as they are definitely inappropriate for my arid western climate (as would many of the plants I cherish in my garden be inappropriate for yours). Please, let us not forget those 'less fortunate' souls who garden elsewhere! North America is a big place, and I do not expect my garden to look like your any more that I expect your to look like mine. This reminds me of the search for a "North American gardening style". I can think of nothing more ridiculous to search for - as if it could ever be defined for a continent like ours - or that you'd want to try! This has always been a way to 'one up' the 'English style'. Well, England is a relatively small place, and even then it contains diversity more than we imagine. [I must plead guilty here. Perhaps I should have said that they sell "just about any ornamental plant one might reasonably want to grow East of the Rockies...."] -----Gilbert H Wild and Son, Inc. P.O. Box 338 Sarcoxie, Mo. 64862-0338 Phone: (417) 548-3514 Thanks to Joanne Kube-Harderwijk ([email protected]) for this address. Harry Boswell ([email protected]) reports: ....an excellent mail-order nursery specializing in daylilies and peonies (I've ordered from them several times, with very good results).... Great catalog, with lots of color photos, good discount section in the back. -----Wildseed Farms, Inc. 1101 Campo Rosa Rd, PO Box 308 Eagle Lake, TX 77434 Phone: 1-800-848-0078 Fax: (409) 234-7407 Wildflower seeds, including some hard-to-find ones. Thanks to Chad Segura ([email protected]) for this entry. ----Woodlanders, Inc. 1128 Colleton Ave. Aiken, SC 29801 Fax/Phone: (803) 648-7522 Plants, with an emphasis on native plants, and a few books. Thanks to Anne Wolf ([email protected]), who reports that this is an excellent catalog. -----
VII. But Before We Go.... I hope this FAQ has been useful. I also hope it has been accurate. If you find any mistakes, or have any comments, please send me E-mail at the address listed at the top of the file. Any suggestions for improving future editions will be happily accepted, and possibly even acted upon. This FAQ is also available via the World Wide Web. The URL is: http://jean-luc.ncsa.uiuc.edu/People/PeterL/PBM-FAQ.html I will try to get the new edition up as soon as I can. If it isn't updated within a few days, send me mail and I'll get to it. There is also a WWW page which allows you to send me comments without having to know my E-Mail address or anything. You can reach this page at the same URL as the FAQ itself. -- Peter Leppik-- [email protected] I'm Not A Physicist, But I Play One On The Net http://jean-luc.ncsa.uiuc.edu/People/PeterL/HOME.html
From [email protected] Sat Jan 28 23:45:23 EST 1995 Article: 51970 of rec.gardens Path: bigblue.oit.unc.edu!concert!gatech!howland.reston.ans.net!vixen.cso.uiuc.edu!uxa.cso.uiuc.edu!leppik From: [email protected] (Peter Leppik) Newsgroups: rec.gardens,rec.gardens.roses,rec.answers,news.answers Subject: Plants By Mail FAQ Supersedes: Followup-To: rec.gardens Date: 23 Jan 1995 16:38:21 GMT Organization: University of Illinois at Urbana Lines: 618 Approved: [email protected] Message-ID: Reply-To: [email protected] NNTP-Posting-Host: uxa.cso.uiuc.edu Summary: This FAQ contains information about buying plants and garden supplies through the mail. It includes suggestions, information about what to expect, and a lengthy list of mail-order companies. Opionions about some companies (derived from experiences with those companies) are included. Originator: [email protected] Xref: bigblue.oit.unc.edu rec.gardens:51970 rec.gardens.roses:3109 rec.answers:9482 news.answers:35069 Archive-name: plants-by-mail Posting-Frequency: bimonthly (sporadic) Plants By Mail FAQ by Peter Leppik [email protected] This document is intended to introduce readers to the world of buying plants by mail order; and also to serve as a central clearinghouse for information about contacting various mail order plant houses. I make no claims about being more informed on this topic than your average Joe, but I saw the need, and I'm willing to put forth the effort to compile and maintain this. History: Updated: 1/22/95 Major revisions. Most of the section on mail-order companies has been moved out of the FAQ. It is now available via the World Wide Web . For those without access to WWW (i.e. Mosaic, Netscape, lynx), I will E-mail copies of this section upon request. Please don't request unless you really don't have WWW access, though, since I don't want to be flooded. Updated: 7/12/94 Updated: 4/30/94 Originally Created: 3/17/94 (late at night) Contents: I. Introduction II. But First, A Word From Our Lawyers III. How To Tell a Good Company from a Bad One (or: Things To Look For Before Taking the Plunge) IV. What To Do When Your Order Arrives (or: OhMyGawd! There's No DIRT With These Plants!) V. Which Catalog To Order From VI. Mail Order Houses, How to Contact Them, and My Opinions Thereof VII. But Before We Go....
I. Introduction It seems that one of the most common article titles in rec.gardens is, "How can I reach XYZZY?" or, "The Plugh company sent me a catalog. Are they any good?" I hope to be able to answer some of these questions in a reasonably definitive manner (the first is easy, the second harder), and provide the neophyte with some introduction to buying plants by mail. My experience in this area has been short, but intense. After finally moving from a small condo into a real house (with a YARD and a GARDEN even!) in 1993, one of my first projects was to begin widespread replanting of the yard (which is mostly boring grass, or very ugly hybrid poplars). To do that, I began ordering large numbers of bulbs and plants from a number of mail-order houses. Some were good, some were bad, and I learned a lot about what to look for and what to avoid. I welcome any and all comments. Send them to my E-mail address above. If there is some catalog not covered here which you think should be, by all means let me know. If you do send me comments, PLEASE please respect my poor, overworked mailer. I've had people resend me the entire FAQ just for a few lines of comments, and I even had one person send me a bunch of UUencoded binary pictures! Needless to say, this doesn't help me much, and it wastes my disk space. That said....do send comments, because they do help! At the end of this document, there is a URL address where you can find an HTML version of this FAQ. If you don't know what HTML is, don't sweat it. If you do, then you can get this FAQ there. I assume that, if you send me comments, you don't mind if they find their way into a future edition. I'll try to verify this, but sometimes I forget. Thus, if you DON'T want you name in a future edition of the FAQ, be sure to say so. Finally, I used to include an extensive list of mail-order companies in this FAQ, along with my comments (and comments of others). Unfortunately, it got to the point where the list was considerably larger than the rest of the FAQ. Instead of splitting the FAQ into several parts (which I considered doing), I decided to move the list of mail-order houses onto the World Wide Web. There are several reasons why I did this. First, I didn't want to contribute to the already overwhelming volume on rec.gardens. Second, the WWW is a much better tool for presenting this information, and more and more people have access to it these days, thanks to the popularity of Mosaic and Netscape. Finally, it is much easier for me to maintain the FAQ on the Web than in the text version, and even easier to have to do only one of the two. This means that the FAQ will probably get updated and posted more often, rather than going for months between updates. There is still the problem, though, of people who don't have WWW access. If you don't have WWW access, and you want the list of companies, send me E-mail, and I'll send you the list. Beware, though, the list is long, and it may look strange (with all kinds of HTML formatting characters).
II. But First, A Word From Our Lawyers All opinions in this document are the opinions of the author, unless otherwise noted. The author is well-known for his arbitrary and capricious judgments, and cannot be held liable for anything he says herein. Besides, the author is a poor grad student, and suing him is like trying to squeeze blood from a rock.
III. How To Tell a Good Company from a Bad One (or: Things To Look For Before Taking the Plunge) If you are like me, you probably have a dozen or two catalogs from various places, some fancy, others plain, and you're wondering who to order from and how to tell the difference between a place that really cares, and a place that is just trying to unload some poor, pathetic bits of green stuff on The Gullible Majority. In this section, I will outline what I think a good mail order company should do, and what you should consider before buying a plant sight-unseen. Keep in mind that this is aimed at the relative neophyte, who needs a little more service than the extremely experienced gardener....there are plenty of companies which provide good plants, but don't offer the level of service than many gardeners need. What a Good Mail-Order Company Will Do 1) Every perennial in the catalog should have a clearly indicated hardiness range. That is, for every perennial (anything you expect to last more than one year) should have indicated which USDA hardiness zones it will survive in. Simple adjectives like "hardy," or "tender," are NOT sufficient. Perhaps I am biased, being a Minnesota native currently living in Illinois, but I have seen too many catalogs which do not include this crucial information. Without knowing this, it is too easy to buy plants that won't survive in your climate. This also includes those of you who live in places like Southern California, where it never gets cold, since some plants require a period of cold temperatures every year in order to survive/bloom/etc. 2) Every plant should have its botanical (scientific) name listed. Of course, this doesn't count for things like roses or tomatoes, which everybody knows what that are. This may sound picky, but think about it: if you ever want to get information on this plant from some other source, and they use their own name, you might have a devil of a time figuring out how to get information. A plant's botanical name is unique. I have seen places that will take a standard variety of some plant, come up with a flashy (trademarked) name, and sell it as something special. Needless to say, this is dishonest. 3) Information on the habitat requirements should be easy to find. By this, I mean answers to questions like, how much sun does it need, how much water, and so forth. Nearly every catalog has this, but if you see one that doesn't, stay away. 4) A good company will be able to answer questions about their products. Really, this is basic. If you call them, and ask about something, they should be able to answer your question. If they can only take orders, this is a Bad Sign. (By the way, in many places, you can call your local County Extension office to get information about plants, too.) Finally, something that you should probably ignore: 5) Every mail order catalog that I've seen offers some sort of guarantee. This should NOT be a factor in deciding where to buy from. After all, what good does it do if they replace a plant that died because you can't grow oranges in Alaska? The replacement will just die, too, and you'll spend twice as much time on a plant that was Never Meant To Be. Some people have even noted an inverse relation between the quality of the guarantee and the quality of the plants: the louder the company proclaims its "FOOLPROOF 100% MONEY-BACK GUARANTEE," the worse the plants are when they arrive. What To Consider Before Taking the Plunge Okay, so you've got your heart set on the beautiful Creeping Green Stuff. Before plunking your money and time on it (usually more time than money), you should stop and ask yourself a few questions: 1) Will it grow in my area? If they don't make it CLEAR (i.e. by telling you the hardiness zone), then avoid that plant, or buy it from somebody who will tell you. 2) Do I have a place to put it? It is very easy to get spring fever when all the catalogs start arriving midwinter, and wind up buying enough plants to cover every square inch of your yard two or three times over. Make sure you have a specific place for each and every plant you order, and make sure you will have the time to plant it when it arrives. Keep in mind that you will probably have to plant them soon after they arrive, and you might not be able to control the exact day they arrive. Thus, ordering 150 bushes for a new hedge from one place, all of which will arrive via UPS on the same day and need to be planted immediately, is probably not a good idea. Believe me. I've done it. 3) Will it really look the way I want it to? Keep in mind that the pictures in the catalogs are designed to sell plants, and the plants in your garden will generally not look quite as nice. I have seen a lot of comments from people in rec.gardens about the rose Blue Girl as a particular offender in this respect. Also keep in mind that illustrations (and photographs) can be very deceptive.
IV. What To Do When Your Order Arrives (or: OhMyGawd! There's No DIRT With These Plants!) The most important thing to do when your order arrives is DON'T PANIC! Good. Take a few deep breaths. The reason your roses/trees/whatever arrived without any dirt is not because the company sent you dead plants. Shipping woody plants without dirt ("bare-root") is standard. First, it does not harm the plants much, as long as the company has taken steps to ensure that the roots don't dry out. Usually, this involves dipping the roots in some sort of stuff that helps retain moisture. Second, shipping plants bare-root helps keep shipping costs down. Shipping with dirt could easily double or triple the weight of the plant when shipped, and make it that much more expensive to buy. Finally, shipping plants bare-root helps prevent the spread of pests that live in the soil (like the Japanese beetle). Needless to say, unless you're buying small seedlings, it would be expensive for a company to grow all their stock in greenhouses. There are a few places which ship plants in pots. Shipping a plant with the dirt will be less traumatic to the plants, and, as a rule, you can expect these plants to be healthier, but, because of shipping expenses, they will often also be much smaller than bare-root plants--and more expensive. Given the option, I will usually buy the plant shipped in a pot, since the quality is often much higher. In addition, there are some plants which have to be shipped in pots, simply because they're too fragile otherwise. Generally, you will get a little booklet with your order explaining how to plant your new plants. Usually, the first thing to do (with bare root plants) is to stick them in a bucket of water for some time. You should do this as soon as they arrive. Then, dig a hole according to the booklet instructions, and plant those buggers. It may take some time for your new plants to leaf out, especially if they're dormant when shipped. Again, don't panic. If you planted in the spring, don't call the company to complain that the plants are dead until midsummer. They'll just tell you to wait, because sometimes the plants take a while to adjust to their new surroundings.
V. Which Catalog To Order From If you are buying roses, you should certainly order from a catalog which specializes in roses. There are quite a few of these catalogs, and you will generally get better selection, quality, and price than you would from buying >from a catalog which doesn't specialize in roses. For some reason, this rule of thumb seems to be the other way around when buying bulbs. I have had the best experiences buying bulbs from White Flower Farms, which is generally an outstanding catalog, but they aren't even remotely limited to bulbs. My worst experiences, on the other hand, were with places that sell only, or mainly bulbs. Go figure. Not everybody will agree with my judgments. After much consideration (and several long discussions on the order of "Company X isn't really THAT bad!"), I've decided that the main consideration has to be consistency. That means that I can count on large plants, of a uniformly high quality, every time I order. Note, too, that I haven't yet had anyone take issue with my list of "Good" companies, just the "Bad" ones. Having said that, here is my list of best and worst companies, based primarily on my personal experiences: Really Good Companies: White Flower Farms Nor'East Miniature Roses Heirloom Old Garden Roses (but see below) Gardener's Supply Company Shepherd's Garden Seeds Companies To Avoid: Spring Hill Michigan Bulb Co. Breck's Bulbs VI. Mail Order Houses, How to Contact Them, and My Opinions Thereof There are literally hundreds--if not thousands--of mail-order plant companies. I used to include a list of companies here, but it has become unmanagable. So, to make the list easier to deal with, I've moved it out of the FAQ, and onto the World Wide Web. If you have access to Mosaic, Netscape, Lynx, or any of the other Web browsers, my list of mail order companies, how to contact them, and comments that I (and others) have is available at: http://seidel.ncsa.uiuc.edu/PBM-FAQ/ If you DON'T have access to the Web, I'll be happy to send you the list (and the comments, etc.) via E-mail. Just beware: the whole thing is quite long. If you just want information on a particular company or three, you might want to ask about those specifically. My E-mail address is [email protected]. If you have had experience with any mail-order company, good or bad, I want to hear about it! Your experiences will help other gardeners. Please, send any comments you have to me, at the above E-mail address. I'll include them in the on-line database, unless you don't want me to. Finally, I know of only one company with an E-mail address. If you know of others, please let me know. It would be really nice to have a list of places to buy plants via E-mail (or get information, for that matter). Here are the entries from the on-line database on those companies listed above as my best and worst. For each company, I will list their name, mailing address, phone number, a general description of what they sell, and my opinions. Opinions are strictly mine, unless otherwise noted. I will not indicate an opinion unless I have actually ordered something >from a company, unless the opinion is someone else's. -----Breck's Bulbs U.S. Reservation Center 6523 North Galena Rd. Peoria, IL 61632 Orders: (309) 689-3870 Breck's sells bulbs imported from Holland: tulips, crocuses, daffodils, etc. OPINION: Overall, I am not terribly impressed with Breck's. Their merchandise (contrary to the catalog hype) is not particularly premium, but their prices are higher than most places, even some places which have superior stock. They do not list hardiness for anything, though most of what they sell should do fine most places in the U.S. (they don't sell any of the really tender bulbs, like glads). You can do better elsewhere. Note that Breck's Bulbs appears to be the same company, or closely associated with, Spring Hill, another company on my "Avoid" list.
-----Gardener's Supply Co. 128 Intervale Rd. Burlington, VT 05401 Orders/Customer Service: (802) 863-1700 TDD: (802) 660-3530 Fax: (802) 660-4600 All kinds of gardening supplies, and a few plants. OPINION: I have had good experiences with this company. Their products appear to be of a uniformly high quality, and a lot of people in rec.gardens swear by them. At least one of their employees reads this newsgroup, so you may be able to get answers "from the horse's mouth," if you know who to ask. If anybody can supply me with his E-mail address, I would appreciate it (for future editions). -----Heirloom Old Garden Roses 24062 NE Riverside Dr. St. Paul, OR 91737 Orders: (503) 538-1576 This is a catalog of "old" roses: not a hybrid tea to be found. If you're looking for english or unusual roses, this is the place to go. OPINION: If you are a rose grower, and you are still growing hybrid teas, this catalog will convert you. Many of the old roses offered here are just as good, if not better than, the more common modern roses. The catalog offers a lot of information about a zillion different roses, including hardiness, and (my favorite) lists of roses well-suited for particular uses (i.e. roses for growing over trellises, roses for scent, etc.). Their stock is first-rate, and all grown on its own roots, so there are no bud unions to worry about. There is no separate phone number for questions, but I found the people answering the phone to be knowledgeable and helpful. Two thumbs up. Note that they charge $5 for the catalog, but once you're on their mailing list (i.e. after you buy something), they'll send it free. Kristin Bruneau reports a different story: About a month or so ago on rec.gardens.rose people started to discuss their experiences with the company. Over all it was very negative. Some of the major complaints were that the plants were too young (9 months or less), you never knew when they would get around to shipping your plant (some waited over a year), and the owners were very nasty when you had a problem (and basically said that's too bad). The only reason I am passing this along is that the responses were consistently bad and many people's stories were extreme (no roots on the rose, horribly nasty experiences with the staff). I too had a bad experience with them. I ordered from them last year for the first time. Even though the rose was in stock when I called in May, I had still not received it in July. I had to call up and raise a fuss before they finally agreed to send it out. Gosh only knows when I would have received it if I left it up to them. When it arrived it only had two canes, one completely stripped off and dangling from the plant. It only had two leaves on it and came with the worlds biggest slug that was the size of a nickle and covered in yellow fringe (Yuck!). I called them to complain and their response was basically "Oh". They only guarantee for the plants to arrive in good condition so I called. I did not want it replaced at that time because it would be too late in the season to plant another one (if they finally got around to sending it to me). I told them that I expected them to replace it if it died. They finally agreed. Well, at first it dropped the only two leaves that it had and I thought it would die. After a while it did come back though. It is doing ok, not great. The rose was Rosa Rugosa, basically a weed. Maybe that explains why I was so lucky it made it. Anyway, since Heirloom Old Garden Roses was on the highly recommended list I thought I'd pass these experiences along. I know that different people have different experiences and that we must weigh that in our minds when we order. Just my 2 cents worth. [I don't know if this is due to temporary management problems, or something deeper. I'm going to keep this company on my "good guys" list for the time being, because of my good experiences, but I would appreciate any comments.]
-----Michigan Bulb Co. 1950 Waldorf NW Grad Rapids, MI 49550-0500 Michigan Bulb Company sells bulbs, perennials, and other assorted plants. OPINION: This catalog is filled with the kind of BREATHLESS PROSE and AMAZING BARGAINS designed to stampede the gardener into making impulse purchases. Their prices are cheap, but selection is limited, and quality was very mediocre. In addition, I was unable to find a phone number anywhere in the catalog--this could be a real problem, if you have problems with your order. To their credit, they generally include hardiness information. On the other hand, they also sell the "Blue Girl" rose, which is an automatic two demerits in my book. Go elsewhere. [email protected] (Jeff Reifsteck) reports: I've had nothing but bad news from Michigan Bulb. The plants were poor and didn't survive. They did replace them without question but my 40 creeping myrtle (6" evergreen ground cover) became 40 crape myrtle (a big bush and a lot more expensive). I needed ground cover not bushes. Except for the replacement of a "Blue Girl" rose all the other replacements were not plantable. [email protected] (Angela Pilote) reports: Last year I ordered some things from them -- NEVER AGAIN! I even told my husband to remind me of the poor quality of there plants and bulbs if he even SEES me *looking* at one of their catalogs. None of the plants survived and only about half (maybe less) of the bulbs came up. The bulbs also seemed very small and I think I read somewhere that this is a sign that the bulbs have not matured enough to bloom. The prices seem to be good, but if you factor in the survival rate and time invested -- it's not a deal. I'm better off paying premium prices at my nursery for good quality plants and bulbs. Evelyn Walker reports: I have ordered perinnals from Michigan Bulb company, the first year the blooms are not so big, but usually the second year it is bigger, If you plant them in a fertilized area the plants do a lot better. I have shasta daisies, carnations, guardinalla or whatever. I was really pleased with it. I plan on getting a few more for some bare spots in my yard -----Nor'East Miniature Roses, Inc. P.O. Box 307 Rowley, MA 01969 Phone: (508) 948-7964 Orders: 1-800-426-6485 On the West Coast: Nor'East Miniature Roses, Inc. P.O. Box 473 Ontario, CA 91762 Phone: (909) 984-2223 Orders: 1-800-662-9669 A large selection of miniature roses, and some supplies for those who like to grow them (like miniature vases) OPINION: This company is also on my "Good-Guys" list. Their prices are quite reasonable, and their stock is high quality. Their catalog has a photo of many of the offerings. If you are into miniature roses (or would like to be), this is the catalog to get. [email protected] reports: cheap cute lil'roses. -----Shepherd's Garden Seeds 30 Irene St. Torrington, CT 06790 Orders: East (203) 482-3638 West (408) 335-6910 Customer Service: (203) 482-3638 Horticultural Help: (408) 335-6910 Shepherd's sells mostly seeds, but also a few plants, and some kitchen and garden supplies. OPINION: The stylish illustrations in this catalog give it a distinctly yuppie feel, but this is a good catalog nevertheless. They have a number of varieties that are hard to find elsewhere (a whole PAGE of ornamental sunflowers!), and a wealth of useful horticultural information. My order arrived promptly, in good order, and appears to be high quality (it is still a little soon for things to be sprouting around here, though). Prices are a little above average, but seeds are cheap no matter how you slice it. -----Spring Hill Mail Order Reservation Center 6523 North Galena Rd. P.O. Box 1758 Peoria, IL 61656-1758 Orders: (309) 689-3800 Customer Service: (309) 689-3849 Spring Hill sells just about any kind of plant that catches their fancy. OPINION: Spring Hill is one of these places that is in the business of dumping cheap, inappropriate merchandise on unsuspecting customers. The quality of their merchandise is mediocre, even though the prices are about average. The provide little or no hardiness information, which is especially troublesome considering that they sell some plants (like carnations) for outdoor planting, even though they will not survive the winter in large portions of the U.S. Furthermore, if you ever buy anything from Spring Hill, you will be on their mailing list but good. I have received no less than four different catalogs from them in the last two months (not even counting the large number of "special offers" which seem to arrive about once a week, and at least one telemarketing call). Avoid this company like the plague. Note that Spring Hill appears to be the same company, or closely associated with, Breck's Bulbs, another company on my "Avoid" list. Al Harrington [[email protected]] says: I think you are being way to hard on Spring Hill. I realize that they do not supply hardiness information, and that some of their plants are not in the best shape - their customer service is very good. I purchased the carnation collection (15 plants) and 2 of them died. I got credited for all 15 as it was a collection. I ordered a lot of stuff from them (over 100 plants) and just about all are doing just fine - what isn't I get credit for. If nothing else seeing color pictures of *everything* they sell is nice. :-) -----White Flower Farm Litchfield, CT 06759-0050 Orders: (203) 496-9600 White Flower Farm sells just about every kind of ornamental plant that one might reasonably want to grow in North America. OPINION: I will state my bias right up front: White Flower Farm is far and away my favorite catalog. They have a reputation for being "upscale," but their prices are only slightly above average. Their catalog offers a wealth of useful horticultural information, along with interesting commentary about each and every plant. All the information you need to know (hardiness, planting requirements, light requirements, etc.) is compiled in a single useful index, as well as being stated with the description of each plant. The catalog is organized alphabetically by genus name, so in addition to being fun to read (and look at the pictures), it makes a very useful reference. Of course, the catalog is only secondary to the merchandise. Fortunately, their produce more than lives up to the high standards set by the catalog: it is absolutely first rate. When I was buying daylillies, crocuses, and daffodils from White Flower Farm and other catalogs, the bulbs or roots from White Flower were often more than twice the size of the ones from other vendors, and at a comparable price. Even if you never buy anything from White Flower Farm, you should get their catalog as a reference, since it is almost as good as buying a book on ornamental plants, but a whole lot cheaper. Sean A. O'Hara ([email protected]) disagrees with some of my tone: Not really a flame, but please! I have a few of White Flower Farm's catalogues, and I do value them for their reference quality and nice photographs. But their plants and garden information is distinctively East Coast in character. I would very much enjoy growing a number of plants they list, but no longer attempt such folly as they are definitely inappropriate for my arid western climate (as would many of the plants I cherish in my garden be inappropriate for yours). Please, let us not forget those 'less fortunate' souls who garden elsewhere! North America is a big place, and I do not expect my garden to look like your any more that I expect your to look like mine. This reminds me of the search for a "North American gardening style". I can think of nothing more ridiculous to search for - as if it could ever be defined for a continent like ours - or that you'd want to try! This has always been a way to 'one up' the 'English style'. Well, England is a relatively small place, and even then it contains diversity more than we imagine. [I must plead guilty here. Perhaps I should have said that they sell "just about any ornamental plant one might reasonably want to grow East of the Rockies...."] [email protected] reports: I ordered fuscia (vodoo and swarthy gem) which aren't doing so well. Tristar Strawberry plants satisfactory. Begonia tubers mediocre. I also liked the catalog ;-) -----
VII. But Before We Go.... I hope this FAQ has been useful. I also hope it has been accurate. If you find any mistakes, or have any comments, please send me E-mail at the address listed at the top of the file. Any suggestions for improving future editions will be happily accepted, and possibly even acted upon. This FAQ is also available via the World Wide Web. The URL is: http://seidel.ncsa.uiuc.edu/PBM-FAQ/ The WWW version includes everything in this file, plus an extensive (and growing!) list of mail-order companies. I also include comments on a number of the companies, to help choose which are good, and which are not worth it. (NOTE TO EVERYONE WHO HAS READ THIS BEFORE! THE URL HAS CHANGED!) -- Peter Leppik-- [email protected] Lost in the Information Supercollider http://jean-luc.ncsa.uiuc.edu/People/PeterL/HOME.html
Date: Tue, 14 Jun 1994 17:12:38 -0500 From: Murray Ryan Pickard Subject: Pond FAQ.
Well, this is the initial (pre-alpha) release of the pond FAQ. I hope to clean this up quite a bit in the future, as well as provide much better / more accurate information as people point out the errors in this one. Currently it is roughly arranged in the format of:
Liners for ponds Flexible liners How to do the sides to minimize liner show at surface Rigid liners Some general suggestions to ponder prior the construction of a pond Filters/Pumps/Waterfalls ....This section is really wimpy, and am looking forward to more input to build up this section with. Plants Fish Book recommendations Societies/BBS's Mail Order sources **NOTE I have not verified any of these. Proceed with caution when dealing with mail order. If any of this info is INcorrect, PLEASE notify me with the correct info. Contributors to this initial release. * These are people that had posted info or questions to the net regarding ponds and/or watergardens. It's their info that helped to make up this FAQ, and those that contributed significant sections, are identified with that section. AGAIN, This stuff had been pulled off the net over the past year or so by a couple of people, and emailed to me. I MAKE NO CLAIMS THAT THE FOLLOWING IS CORRECT IN ALL INSTANCES, NOR THAT ANY OF IT IS MY OWN WORK (of which some of it is) BUT RATHER THAT THIS IS PUBLIC PROPERTY OF THE NET, AND I ONLY MAINTAIN IT FOR CORRECTNESS, EASE OF USE (in the future), AND HOPEFULLY CORRECT AND ACURATE IDENTIFICATION OF THOSE THAT HAVE CONTRIBUTED TOWARDS ITS EXISTANCE. ANY AND ALL STANDARD (and if necessary, unstandard) DISCLAIMERS APPLY. Please send any corrections/additions/requests to: Murray Pickard aka [email protected] ENJOY!
POND FAQ Pond Construction: Broken down into flexible liners, rigid liners, and pre-formed, followed by some general contruction recommendations for whatever you should choose to go with. A. Flexible liners: There are three type of flexible liners available to the pond builder, these are: 1. PVC: (poly vinly choride) a relatively cheap liner, however, must be protected from UV exposure from the sun. 2. EPDM: (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) This is used alot of times for roofing, comes in various thicknesses. General opinion is 45 mil is fine for pond use. Some sources claim that you need to get the "fish grade". According to Jack H from the Garden Pond BBS, he's checked with the manufacturer and the word is that they sell exactly the same product as "fish-grade" and for roofing. 3. Butyl: For the most part, is considered a more expensive version of EPDM, supposedly differs in chemical composition. EPDM (and Butyl) are available from roofing people (check your yellow pages). The two leaders in the field are Firestone (trade name "Rubbergard") and Carlisle (trade name "Sure-Seal"). [email protected] (Lance R. Bailey) it's time again for the annual posting of how to finish off the edges of a garden pond. I hope this helps. Pond Liners and the Sun ----------------------- There are a number of reasons to keep the sun from shining on your pond liner. First off, liners are not particularly pretty, and secondly the sun can/will decay the liner over time. You have essentially two tools with which to hide the liner -- earth/stones and water. The first issue in hiding your liner is to create a level pond. Let's say that your pond is 10 feet long, and you have one end only a few inches lower than the other. If you were to use this without better leveling, then after filling you would have a minimum of 4 inches showing at the one end -- and since many pool owners keep the level down an inch or two, you have *half a foot* of liner showing -- not good. So the more level your pond is the better -- beg, borrow or buy a 4 foot contractors level, or strap a two foot level to a piece of straight, stiff wood and use that. The other issue in hiding your liner is how you finish the edges of the pond. Traditionally, ponds are finished as follows: the liner comes up out of the water, over the edge and flatish rocks are lain on top of the liner to hide the liner. The rocks overhang the edge to even better hide the liner, but this has never really hidden it to my eyes. (see figure 1) figure 1. traditional edge finishing XXXXXXXXXXXXXX <--- cap stone ground level ===========--------+ <--- gap showing liner |~~~~~~~ <--- water level \ \ <----- liner Two better approaches have been discovered by me spring 1993 in the catalogues of Lee Valley Tools (Queensview Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada) If they sourced these ideas from elsewhere, I've never seen them and they did not credit them. Approach one is how I did my pond. When you bring up the liner, tuck it under a course or two of bricks, and then back over the bricks. Finish with capstones. The two courses of bricks stay submerged in the water, and liner, being beneath and behind them is completely hidden from sight/sun. In my pond, the water must drop a good 6 inches before *starting* to show liner. see figure 2. figure 2. submerged bricks to hold liner XXXXXXXXXXXXXX <--- cap stone ground level ===========+----- | BBBB~~~~~~~ <--- water level | BBBB <--- bricks in courses (rows) +-------+ | \ \ <----- liner Approach two is how I might well do the next pond, but it requires a extra one to two feet of surface area. The Idea is to create a natural setting with pea gravel/sand and a bog around the edges. Somehow I suspect that the raccoons might find this very easy to disturb, but one never knows. Incorporate a two foot wide, 6 inch deep all around the pond, in addition to any shelves you already have for shallow water plants. Bring the liner up and along this shelf and about 5 inches up the edge. Along the inside edge of this shelf, put in a course (row) or two of bricks -- these will hold the gravel in place. back fill the shelf with gravel/sand to fill in the shelf. Fill the pool until half of the gravel is submerged, giving a beach-like edge to the pond. shallow water plants can be planted in the gravel/sand, with or without pots. (figure three for those keeping count) figure 3. more natural finish ground level =======oooooo \ oooooo <--- gravel \ooooooooo~~~~~~ <--- water level \ooooooooo \ ooooooooBBBB \ooooooooBBBB <--- bricks holding gravel +-----------+ | \ \ <--- liner In both of these alternative, the liner is only visible through the water itself, still not the best in my opinion, but still a lot better than the gap of exposed liner around the edge of the pond. enjoy. --Lance R. Bailey B. Rigid liners: 1. Concrete: [Under construction....ie,I need your info/knowledge/recommendations] 2. Preformed plastic pools: These are usually some kind of molded sturdy plastic tub. There are some that are free standing, just set on your deck/patio and add water, fish, plants, fountain, etc. The others need to be set in the ground in the same fashion as the flexible liners, then filled. (the free standing can also be set in the ground if desired) 3. Wiskey barrel halves: These are relatively inexpensive, some may not need a liner, and will hold a dwarf water lily, some bog plants and a couple of fish. Just plant the plants in the bottom of the barrel (about 1/4 to 1/2 filled with dirt, and some sand/gravel on top of soil) These make a nice addition on the corner of a patio, some people have set them up so one makes a fountain into another with a small recirculating pump, or using two of them as supports for either end of a bench. The following are general comments, recommendations, etc from various contributors of their own experiences. Edited for space conservation, hopefully the content of their recommendations remains unchanged. As to liability and ponds, you will have to check your local by-laws as to how deep you can build it without having to surround it with fences and self-locking gates. In rural areas around here (Ottawa, Canada), you can even have an un-fenced swimming pool. In the city, thou shalt surround thy pool with a particular kind of fencing & submit plans & get permits, etc, if thy pool is more than 24" (61cm) deep. I have a theory that you could by-pass the by-law by putting a horizontal fence (strong, rust-free, wire mesh) in the pool at the 24" level so that children who wander in would not be able to drown (the mesh would have to be a tight enough weave to make solid footing for them) and plants would be able to enjoy the deeper water and grow up through the mesh. This is only a theory!! It's undoubtably better to refrain from digging more than 24".... but then your pond will freeze in the winter & you'll have to rescue your fish and any frogs who dropped by and your hardy water lilies... LINERS- I've convince my pool man to give me a pool liner that he's replacing with a new one. There's many who will tell you that a pool liner will have absorbed the chemicals, but it can be cleaned. In addition, others have talked about using one of the kiddy pools, waterbed mattresses slit open, etc. WATERFALLS--Lowe's has a pre-formed cascade that I intend to use instead of building one by hand. It seems a lot easier as well as more sturdy, with less chance of leaks." >How deep should the pond be? 2-3' seem good enough. You want the pool to stay liquid in some parts during the winter. I live in New Jersey and my pool is about 3' deep. It does fine in the winter. About three feet deep is alright. If you make it too deep you won't be able to see your fish. Try to have multiple levels for various types of plants. Put a lot of water plants in your pond to keep it from getting too hot. Plants add oxygen to the water when it is sunny, when they aren't photosyntysizing, they drain oxygen from the water. So a waterfall will help add oxygen to the water. Depends on your climate. If your summers are very hot, a shallow pond will cook your fish. If your winters are sufficiently cold, a shallow pond will freeze solid. >I want to build a big pond: what kind of problems may I run into? Depends on how big. If your water table is very high you may need underdrains on a liner pond to prevent wall collapse when empty. If your pond is going to be very deep, you may need steel reinforcing in a concrete pond, and/or sloped walls. Holes are a pain to find; do everything possible to avoid them (sand (or pads of damp newspaper) under the liner, maybe even a second liner). Make sure that lawn runoff can't get into the pond; fertilizer or compost runoff makes it hard to keep the pond balanced. DO NOT SITUATE YOUR POND ANYWHERE NEAR TREES. If they are not evergreen, they will fill your pond with leaves in the fall and if they are evergreen, they will fill your pond with needles year round. Also, if you want plants in your pond, you will want to put it in a place that receives at least 6 hours of DIRECT sun a day. Many water plants need as much sun as you can give them (especially water lilies) and will not do well if given less. There are a few that will do well with less sun, but you should try to make it as sunny as possible. Think about what you will do when the pond needs water. Is there a hose that can reach the spot? Could you channel the runoff from the roof of the house into the pond? It's not worth cutting corners on a pond liner. After you go to the trouble of digging the hole why put in a substitute for a liner which will only last a couple of years tops and will require you to drain the pond and upset fish, plants and froggies in a year or two and do all that work over again? There is nothing more upsetting than to walk out some morning to find your pond dry and the fish flipping on the bottom. Cheap liner substitutes just will not hold up to the sunlight and the freeze/thaw cycles of the winter.There are some specialty fishpond suppliers which will sell you just the size piece you need from a bulk roll and cheaper than buying one of the prepackaged kits. (Lilypons?) An alternative which we have used for small ponds are fiberglass or PVC stock watering tanks from a farm supply. You can get them from 40 to 500 gallons. Prices are usually around $45-$55 for a 100 gallon which is about 5ft long, 2ft wide and 2 ft deep. They are usually HEAVY-duty, black, and will last forever. You just dig a hole to drop it in or surround it with rocks to disguise it.
> 2. Pumps/filters/plumbing. Recommedations on size pump vs size pond Or whether you need one? We do just fine without, and I think that might also be possible with real ponds, too, so long as there's a good mix of sun and shade, flora and fauna, good luck and bad. Little Giant makes a good line. Obviously, for 120V pumps, you need a GFCI on the circuit. Check local codes for wiring, conduit, and burial depths. Size depends on the usage (circulation, waterfall, stream, fountain?). No simple answer. A nitrogen filter helps if you don't want to hassle with keeping a balanced ecology. A balanced (fish/plants) ecosystem is better, IMHO. >>I also have a UV sterilizer which ELIMINATES green water and >>will also kill free swimming parasites if you have any. The pond >>is three feet deep and I can see the bottom clearly. I use an Aquanetics 15w inline quartz unit that I had previously used on a fishtank. You need quartz because it allows the tube to maintain its desired operating temperature with cold pond water. Its also safer, non-quartz units have the water running on the bare bulb (!) with O-ring seals at the ends. I had one of these break (all by itself) under a fishtank once. You could hook it into your existing pump line. It sits outside the pond and is cylindrical 3" diameter by about 18 inches long white PVC. Half or 3/4 inch (I forget) FPT fittings. >All my plants are doing well and my "test fish" (shubunkins) are breeding >like crazy, but the water has stayed fairly green all summer. UV will fix that green water. Also water changes will help. Since you already have a big pump, just add a few fittings and water your garden with it. Also regarding filtration, if your fish are breeding your water quality is probably fine. You might get a test kit and see what the ammonia, pH, nitrite and nitrate levels are. >- Can one easily make a biological filter that is >readily cleanable? I use sponge inserts for AquaClear model 2000 aquarium filters. They are about $3 mail order, roughly 4x4x10 inches. I get a few feet one inch diameter black poly hose from the hardware store, drill a few holes (well a few dozen) and slide the sponges over the hose. First I cut a slot long ways through the sponge with a long narrow bladed kitchen knife. I wire an aquarium power head ($10 mail order) to one end, cap the other end and presto. The sponge openings are large enough to not catch lots of particulate matter so the thing runs for many weeks before the flow gets to where I feel it needs cleaning. I put it on the pond bottom and direct the flow up so I can see the faint disturbance and know all is working. If you are really careful you can make two and clean alternate ones every 4-8 weeks so you don't reduce the total bacteria population too drasticly. I plan to put a seperate sump/filter (made from a buried plastic trash can) near my pond out of site so all this hardware (sponges, UVs) can go into it for easier cleaning. >- How do you keep that stringy algae down to a managable quantity? Probably my frequent water changes keep nitrates too low for this to be a problem. I have some algae on the sides but its not invasive. >- Is there any control for duckweed? Hmmm. I regularly put duckweed from my fishtank into the pond and it is eaten in a few days. Maybe you are overfeeding your fish? > Do I need a filter to clean the water or will the fish/plants do the job? Depends on the size of pond and the number, size, and kind of fish. For example, if you put one 3-inch long goldfish in a 1000 gallon pond, you won't need a filter. But if you put one foot-long carp in the same pond, you will. If your fish load is not too excessive, the filter could be as simple as an air-driven sponge filter (eg. tetra's pond filter). Keep track of you ammonia and algea levels. If your ammonia level gets too high, or you can't see your fish, you should consider building one. With large ponds ammonia usually isn't a problem. (Unless you have too many fishbe conservative.) The filtration method I'm looking at right now is to combine a gravel base with the main outflow drawn through it, like an under-gravel filter, with an above-ground biological filter in a second large tank. I will probably make that tank a reverse flow, with the water pumped into the support grid at the bottom and percolating up through several layers of graded material. The outflow at the top will return via a broad waterfall to the pond... If you get the right balance of fish/plants/scavengers, they will sustain themselves. However, since you want a waterfall, you might want to get a filter to pump the water up to the top of the falls instead of a water pump. Don't go nuts on the fish! Stock sparingly with goldfish or koi or whatever. Goldfish are a bit more showy and hardy, but I prefer koi for their majesty. Also, koi are reputed to be 'trainable'. I've heard you can get them to 'puff' a cigar, take food from your hand, etc. However, they do tend to root in plant pots a bit. The pump instructions and box will tell you (and so will the books) how big a pump for how many gallons of water you intend to have in your pool. The books will tell you how to figure the gallons. >I'm not too sure about keeping a sterile environment. You will probably >get mosquitoes if you don't have anything to eat the larvae. Also, any >chemicals you use to keep the water clear (free from algae) will harm >your higher plants when they get splashed. Good point - Getting a couple of Mosquito Fish (A type of minnow) will do a good job, and they'll remain unobtrusive. A good cover of water plants (say, just over 1/2 of the posd surface) should keep the pond pretty clear of algae. A few goldfish (or relatively hardy tropical fish, like paradise fish) will keep the pond clear of insects. It hardly adds any work to the pond (removing dead leaves and fertilizing the plants weekly is about it: the fish don't have to be fed once the pond is established), and the results are much more stable than trying to maintain a sterile environment. >Do you have tropical lillies? Do you have to winter them over out of >the pond where you live? If so, do you a favorite technique for doing >this? No lilies. Hyacinth plus pennywort and duckweed from my fish tanks. I need to get more plants. Plants: Not cheap around here. Papyrus around $6 to $15. Elephant ears about the same. Lotus $15-$45. I have a water iris that keeps coming back every year, so that helps. PLANTS Aquarium shops will sell you the plants to use as oxygenating plants. If you're lucky enough to have a Lowe's, I found water lilies there three weeks ago for $9 each, compared to everyone else's price of $25 and up. > 5. Plants (what are must have's and region, and care of) I'm Sunset Zone 3, USDA Zone 6. Japanese Iris are hardy here, and do well in the margins (or just potted anywhere in a shallow pot). Water lilies are pretty, but don't overwinter. Water Lettuce does well, but bugs love it, and it isn't real pretty. Also doesn't overwinter. The one piece of real information in this message: Anachris will bloom in late spring, with pretty little white flowers held above the water (in California, aanyway) I have not seen this mentioned in any of the water pond books. How do I plant my Oxygenating plants? When you get your oxygenators, you should have 6 to 10 stems of the plant, about 8 to 10 inches long. Plant about half of the stem in the dirt. (w/ rubberband around base of bunch) You can plant 3 to 4 bunches in a 6" pot, and will want 3 bunches per sq. yd. of surface area. The pots can be set to a depth of about 2 ft, deeper once established. > 3. Fish (carp, goldfish, fancy goldfish, koi, ???) Unless you have a pretty big pond, assume that the fish'll get eaten. I prefer just nice, cheap feeder goldfish. Goldfish. Cheap goldfish. I'm hoping to use just plain old goldfish as there are too many cats around my neighborhood to risk the more expensive koi. Literature (books and magazines): Philip Swindells is the presiden of the International Water Lily Society and you may want to look at his book "The Complete Book of Water Gardening" Another good book is "The Stapeley book of Water Gardens". Pondscapes Magazine Magazine of the National Pond Society. Pond Publishing Company PO Box 449 Acworth, GA 30101 (404)975-0277 Ponds and Water Gardens 2nd ed. by Bill Heritage. Blandford publishing. ISBN 0-7137-1861-7. The Family Handyman, June 1990 Issue. couple of good articles on pond construction. good idea on filter construction. question the potting method. def. go with level "steps" inside the pond instead of sloping sides. Back issues: $3.50 each, Handyman Back Issues Dept., PO Box 1917, Marion, OH, 43305. Garden Pools and Fountains, Ortho books. ISBN 0-89721-149-9. Ortho and Sunset both have reasonably good references, especially as pertaining to plants. _The Tetra Encyclopedia of Koi_ Tetra Press, c1989, ISBN 3-923880-98-7 Harrrowsmith Water Garden Book James Allison's _Water_in_the_Garden_ Societies, clubs, BBS's: The Garden Pond BBS is for pond construction, and aquatic plant information. We have pond files and a pond message area. I just returned from the NW International Water Lily Symposium in Boise. Stop in sometime if you need more info. 1-503-735-3074. Complete pond construction is beyond the scope of this message, but I am happy to answer any questions I can. Good luck! Jack National Pond Society PO Box 449 Ackworth GA 30101 (800)742-4701 (annual membership includes 10 issues of Pondscapes magazine, a color publication written by and for pond keepers) Water Garden Society of Greater Kansas City (no further info available at this time) Mail Order sources for about everything pond / fish related Dolphin Outdoors Fiberglass Ponds for gardens and fish Send SASE for brochure and prices 1808 W. Campbell Ave Campbell, CA 95008 (408) 379-7600 Hermitage Garden Pools Fiberglass garden pools, rock waterfalls, self-contained redwood waterwheels; bubbling fantasias Send $1.00 for color catalog PO Box 361, Dept. A Canastoga, NY 13032 (315) 697-9093 Lilypons Water Gardens pond liners, accessories, plants (lilies, lotus, etc), fish, etc. 100-page Catalog subscription $5.00 3 locations: Dept. 1626 PO Box 10 Buckeystown, MD 21717-0010 (800) 723-7667 Dept. 1626 PO Box 188 Brookshire, TX 77423-0188 (800)766-5648 Dept. 1626 PO Box 1130 Thermal, CA 92274-1130 (800) 685-7667 or (800)365-5459 (different ads had different Ph # here) Paradise Water Gardens (617) 447-4711 FAX: (617) 447-4591 Great books on water gardening (too numerous to list here); water lilies, fountains, pumps, Koi, goldfish, aquatic plants, tub gardens. Send $3.00 for a 60-page full-color catalog 56 May St. FN06 Whitman, MA 02382 Pets Unlimited (813) 442-2197 Featuring TetraPond products Send $3.00 for color brochure, price list, plus "Digest for a Successful Pond" 1888 Drew Clearwater, FL 34625 REAL GOODS they've got pumps and solar panels (800) 762 7325 FAX: (707) 468 0301 Resource Conservation Technology, Inc. (301) 366-1146 Butyl Pond liners. 20-year warranty. Won't harm fish or plants, won't stiffen in cold weather, resists sunlight better than plastics. Call or write for literature and samples of the liner and Liner Protection Fabric. 2633 N. Calvert St. Baltimore, MD 21218 Santa Barbara Water Gardens Box 4353 Santa Barbara, CA 93140 Slocum Water Gardens Water Lily Catalog: water lilies, lotus, fancy Goldfish Complete info on tubs, concrete pools, and ponds Send $3.00 Slocum Water Gardens, Dept. FI592 1101 Cypress Gardens Rd. Winter Haven, FL 33880 TetraPond 32-mil, flexible PVC liners, 10-year guarantee; accessory products, fish and plant foods, water treatments, etc. Write for free "how-to" brochure Tetra Sales (USA) Department P-9208 201 Tabor Road, Morris Plains, NJ 07950 That Fish Place A large mail order outfit for aquarium people, however they do carry some of the pumps for ponds. (800) 733-3829 Van Ness Water Gardens Water lilies, bog plants, info, pumps, filters, maintenance (714) 982-2425 For 56-page color catalog, send $4.00 2460 N. Euclid , Dept. 877 Upland, CA 91786-1199 Waterford Gardens (201) 327-0721 Water Lilies, bog plants, lotus, pools and accessories, ornamental fish $5.00 for 1992 catalog 74 East Allendale Road, Dept F Saddle River, NJ 07458 Waterland USA Fountains for your home, patio, or garden (800) 321-6178 Call for free brochure 27071 Cabot Rd., Suite 116 Laguna Hills, CA 92653 William Tricker, Inc. (216) 524-3491 Rare and unusual varieties of water lilies, aquatic plants, fish, etc. Send $3.00 for full-color catalog 7125 Tanglewood Drive Independence, OH 44131 Favorite quote, overheard at the aquatic nursery: Customer: I want to buy some Koi, and what do I have to do to make them breed? Nurseryman: Well, it's pretty hard to stop them. Contributors (whether they knew it or not!) I hope this is inclusive of everyone whose messages had been sent to me by a couple of netters that had collected large collections of postings, and whose information helped to form this FAQ. [email protected] (Andy Burgess) [email protected] (Adam Goldberg) [email protected] (Andy Hill) [email protected] (Debbie Nelson) [email protected] (Sherry Bailey) [email protected] (Charlie Brett) [email protected] (Diane DeMers Chen) [email protected] (David J Bell) [email protected] (Robert Frederick Enenkel) [email protected] (Larry Fogelquist) [email protected] (Nancy Hannaford X-xxx) [email protected] (Jack Honeycutt) [email protected] (Jan Isley) [email protected] (john hess) [email protected] (Jim Bishop) [email protected] (Mark Crafts) [email protected] (Michael Burr) [email protected] (Curt Onstott) [email protected] (Pete Orelup) [email protected] [email protected] (Rick Hoffman) [email protected] (Rich Braun) [email protected] (sjs) [email protected] (joseph.j.de rosa) [email protected] (Steve Miller) [email protected] (Steve Weber) [email protected] [email protected] (Tim Gornet) [email protected] (Kirby Vaughan) [email protected] [email protected] (Lance R. Bailey) From [email protected] Fri May 19 00:17:15 EDT 1995 Article: 70442 of rec.gardens Path: bigblue.oit.unc.edu!concert!gatech!swrinde!cs.utexas.edu!uwm.edu!vixen.cso.uiuc.edu!ux1.cso.uiuc.edu!troutman From: Leslie Troutman Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: **** Periodic posting of Keywords **** Date: Thu, 18 May 1995 12:42:36 -0500 Organization: University of Illinois at Urbana Lines: 31 Message-ID: NNTP-Posting-Host: ux1.cso.uiuc.edu Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Periodic posting of keywords. Revised 5/11/95 Please use the following keywords at the beginning of your subject line when posting to rec.gardens (if you so desire! :). CHAT EDIB GH HERB LAWN *MISC *NEWS ORN *ORG PEST SEED TOOL TREE ZONE
for "how's your garden doing, what's happening in your part of the world," and discussions like this. for edible plants for greenhouses and indoor gardening for herbs (ornamental & edible!) for lawn and pasture questions ACK! I can't figure out which keyword to use! for announcements for ornamentals for organic issues (composting, etc.) for pest control, including weeds, bugs, and other pests for propagation techniques, including seeds for equipment and techniques for arboriculture for questions on zones and hardiness
(* New as of 5/11/95) Use of these keywords will make reading this large (and wonderful) list a bit easier. Thanks! Leslie Troutman [email protected]
Article 10669 (111 more) in rec.gardens: From: [email protected] Subject: Re: plant root hormones? Date: 10 Sep 92 22:28:49 GMT Organization: University of Northern Iowa > ROOTONE is advertised as a plant root hormone that encourages cuttings > to grow roots and become real plants. Has anybody out there ever used > ROOTONE or similar substances? Can someone send my a list of plants > that will respond to this stuff, or point me to a FAQ list? Rootone and Hormonex are a couple of brands of synthetic rooting hormones-and I use them all the time in the greenhouse when I'm striking cuttings. These come in a variety of strengths (they are auxin analogs), and you just dip the last few nodes into the powder, tap the excess off, and stick the cutting into the rooting media. Here's where the fun starts: IAA and its analogs _inhibit_ root growth at high concentrations, and the listings on the sides of the cans or packets generally talk about only a few common species. Some species will root in single-strength Hormonex, but won't root in higher concentrations. Another species wouldn't root at lower concentrations, will root at double strength, and won't root at highest strength.... My seat-of-the-pants guide for which strength to choose is lowest strength for herbaceous plants, middle strength for most vines/trees/shrubs, and highest strength for hard-to-root plants like conifers. If I've got plenty of plant material to play with, and I really don't know how this species will respond, I put some untreated cuttings in the mist bed, and some treated with each of the concentrations on hand. Then I get out that underutilized best tool, the notebook, and start taking notes. If I don't have much, I try untreated and treated with lowest concentration. Then if I see no roots in 6 weeks, I'll bump it up to medium conc... For the absolutely most stubborn, hard to root plants, I use very dilute 2,4-D, which is also an auxin analog (it essentially kills at herbicidal concentrations by "growing the plant to death"). Why do I use Rootone, etc.? Well, if you get the right concentration, the cuttings _do_ root much faster and come out of the mist bed much sooner than if I had untreated cuttings. Our mist bed isn't very big, and we all have to share the space, so "KLIER, GET YOUR D**N CUTTINGS OUT OF HERE!!!!" There is also a little fungicide in most preparations and that seems to help improve the survival. I don't have a list of what plants need what strength. The commonly available Rootone is the lowest of the 3 concentrations available-it's an OK choice for most things. I suspect that a professional plant propagation manuals have tables of all this, but I don't own one. Just need to hit a few more booksales and used book stores! ;-) Kay Klier Biology Dept UNI ----*---Article 10771 (106 more) in rec.gardens: From: [email protected] (Paul Drews) Subject: Re: plant root hormones? Date: 15 Sep 92 18:37:40 GMT >ROOTONE is advertised as a plant root hormone that encourages cuttings >to grow roots and become real plants. Has anybody out there ever used >ROOTONE or similar substances? Can someone send my a list of plants >that will respond to this stuff, or point me to a FAQ list? Just a few things to add to Kay's excellent reply: A good reference book I use is "The reference manual of woody plant propagation". It has an excellent discussion of chemicals, techniques, etc. along with specific information for a wide variety of woody plant species. No info on rooting techniques for non-woody plants, although my sense is that you use lower concentrations and get quicker results. I can get an ISBN and so forth for the book from home if you can't find it in a well-stocked gardening bookstore. This book mentions three hormones: IAA (I can't remember what this stands for. It was had no effect or an inhibiting effect for most things). NAA, which stands for "Naphthaleneacetic acid". This is used for some woody plant propagation, but isn't too effective. IBA, which stands for "Indole-3 Butyric Acid" is the most popular rooting hormone for woody plants. I have the vague impression that NAA may be more widely used for the non-woody plants. NAA and IBA are solids at room temperature. They are either dissolved in an alcohol-water solution or mixed with talc powder for use. You typically buy them this way, since only tiny amounts are required and the chemicals are very expensive and poisonous. Here's a couple of products: Rootone: NAA with talc, although I once found a packet of this way in the back of the pile at some store that claimed to have IBA. I vaguely recall that the concentration was 0.01% which is way too low for most woody-plant use. I have used it successfully for non-woody plants, though. This is usually the only one you can find in your local gardening store. Hormex: IBA with talc. Comes in "number 1, number 5, number 8, and number 16", with the number indicating the concentration (number 8 is 8000 PPM, etc.). As Kay points out, too low a concentration is not effective, too high "burns" the plant. Hormex number 8 is a good mid-range for the woody plants. Hormodin: IBA with talc. Comes in 1, 2, or 3, at 1000, 5000, 8000 PPM respecitvely. Check the bottle label for exact numbers. When I bought some of this stuff, it came with a table of a couple of hundred woody plant species together with the proper hormodin number to go with them. Dip-N-Grow: IBA in alcohol-water solution. I think I got it in a 10000 PPM solution intended to be diluted with water. There are more, but these are the ones I have experience with. You can find Rootone at most gardening stores. I had to go to a nursery supply place to find the others (Teufel nurseries in Portland, Oregon in my case). The talc formulations are the easiest to handle and use in my opinion, although the solutions may have slightly higher success ratios. The most common recipe for use (for deciduous hardwoods) seems to be to take cuttings in june-july, dip the ends of the cuttings and knock off the excess. Stick them in moist a perlite-peat mixture and keep them from drying out. They will dry out very easily, since they don't have any decent root systems to suck up water yet. You have to keep them moist and shady. I have used a mist bottle twice a day with a saran wrap cover, but still dried out quite a few. I envy Kay her greenhouse and automated misting system. Start with some easy stuff like willow, wisteria, poplar, and dogwood first to get the hang of it. For the few conifers that will root (the redwoods, yews, some cedars and junipers (I can see the botanists shuddering at my classification system)) the magic formula seems to be to take fall to midwinder cuttings. These do best with cold tops and warm bottoms. I don't have the equipment for this, so I will be experimenting this winter with cold-all-over techniques. By the way, the rooting hormones are dreadfully poisonous. Read the caution labels on the containers. Don't even store them near food or fertilizer and don't use them on stuff you're going to eat. - PauL Drews [email protected] End of article 9868 (of 9893)--what next? [npq] 9870 Article 9870 (74 more) in rec.gardens: From: [email protected] Subject: FAQ-- Rose catalogs Date: 10 Aug 92 16:24:13 GMT Organization: University of Northern Iowa Lines: 309
US and CANADA ROSE CATALOGS -- FAQ Susan Gere compiled a rather extensive list of North American rose nurseries; most of the kudos go to her. Kay Klier supplemented the list slightly. Some of these catalogs are basically lists; many of the roses (esp. species roses and older roses) are beautifully illustrated in Martyn Rix and John Phillip's _Roses_, Random House, (reprint of earlier British edition from Pan Books). Another good reference is: Reddell, Rayford C, with MFK Fisher. 1988. _Growing Good Roses_. Harper & Row.: The America Rose Society, (PO Box 30000, Shreveport, LA 71130) publishes a number of specialist books and pamphlets on levels ranging from "novice" to "expert". and a monthly journal, _The American Rose_. All-American Rose Selections (PO Box 218; Shanadoah, IA 51601) spponsors 23 test-gardens for trials of new introductions, including one at: Horticulture Garden Iowa State University Ames, IA 50011 OK, WHERE ARE THE OTHERS?????
To locate the source of any commercially propagated rose, contact: Bev Dobson's Combined Rose List 215 Harriman Road Irvington, NY 10533 --------------------------------Antique Rose Emporium Route 5, Box 143 Brenham, TX 77833 409 836-9051 Cat $2; old roses and companion perennials BDK Nursery PO Box 628 Apopka, FL 32704 minatures Carroll Gardens P.O. Box 310 Westminster, MD 21157 301 848-5422 Corn Hill Nursery RR 5, Route 890 Petitcodiac, N.B. E0A 2H0 Canada 506 756-3635 Cat $2 Country Bloomers Nursery 20091 E. Chapman Ave. Orange, CA 92669 714 633-7222 Country Heritage Roses Route 2, Box 1401 Scurry, TX 75158 214 452-3380 Earl May Seed & Nursery L.P. Shenandoah, IA 51603 800 831-4193 Forest Farms 990 Tetherow Road Williams, OR 97544 503 846-6963 Cat $1.50 Forevergreen Farm 70 New Gloucester Road North Yarmouth, ME 04021 207 829-5830 Cat $0 Gloria Dei Nursery 36 East Road High Falls Park, NY 12440 miniatures Greenmantle Nursery 3010 Ettersburg Road Garberville, CA 95440 707 986-7504 Gurney Seed & Nursery 110 Capitol Street Yankton, SD 57079 605 665-4451 Cat $0; handles Brownell "Subzero Roses" Heirloom Old Garden Roses Oregon 503 538-1576 Heritage Rosarium 211 Haviland Mill Road Brookeville, MD 20833 301 774-2806 Cat $1 Heritage Rose Gardens 16831 Mitchell Creek Drive Fort Bragg, CA 95437 707 964-3748 Cat $1 High Country Rosarium 1717 Downing at Park Ave. Denver, CO 80218 303 832-4026 Historical Roses 1657 W. Jackson Street Painesville, OH 44077 216 357-7270 Cat $0; old and modern cvs. Hortico Roses Robson Road, RR 1 Waterdown, Ontario L0R 2H1 Canada 416 689-6984 Cat $2 Inter-State Nurseries P.O. Box 10 Louisiana, MI 63353 314 754-4525 800 325-4180 Jackson and Perkins 2518 South Pacific Highway PO Box 1028 Medford, OR 97501 Cat $0; modern roses; also some fruits, veg, herbs. Keener Classics 205 E. Edgewood Friendswood, TX 77546 Cat $0; old roses for the South Kimbrew-Walter Roses Route 2, Box 172 Grand Saline, TX 75140 214 829-2968 Kraus Nurseries Carlisle, Ontario 10R 1H0 Canada Cat $0; roses, fruit and ornamental trees and shrubs, some berries and grapes. Krider Nurseries P.O. Box 29 Middlebury, IN 46540 219 825-5714 Lowe's Own Root Roses 6 Sheffield Road Nashua, NH 03062 603 888-2214 Cat $2; ca. 500 cvs; also custom propagation. MB Farm Miniature Roses Jamison Hill Road Clinton Corners, NY 12514 miniatures McDaniels Miniature Roses 7523 Zemco Street Lemon Grove, CA 92045 minatures Mini Farm PO Box 501 Bon Aqua, TN 37025 miiniatures Mini-Roses PO Box 4255 Station A Dallas, TX 75208 Car $0; miniatures Miniature Plant Kingdom 4125 Harrison Grade Road Sebastopol, CA 95472 Cat $1; miniatures Morden Nurseries P.O. Box 1270 Morden, Manitoba R0G 1J0 Canada 204 822-3311 Nor'East Miniature Roses 58 Hammond Street Rowley, MA 01969 Cat $0; minatures Pickering Nurseries 670 Kingston Road Hwy 2 Pickering, Ontario L1V 1A6 Canada 416 839-2111 Cat $2 (price list free) Pixie Treasures Miniature Roses 4121 Prospect Avenue Yorba Linda, CA 92686 Cat $1; miniatures Rose Acres 6641 Crystal Blvd. Diamond Springs, CA 95619 916 626-1722 Cat SASE; modern and old roses; strong on musk and single roses. Rose Garden and Mini-Rose Nursery PO Box 203 Cross Hill, SC 29332 miniatures Rosehill Farm PO Box 203 Galena, MD 21635 miniatures Roses by Fred Edmunds 6235 SW Kahle Road Wilsonville, OR 97070 Cat $0; old and modern roses, including "classic" modern roses of Kordes, McFredy, Warriner, Meilland, Tantau Roses of Yesterday & Today 802 Brown's Valley Road Watsonville, CA 95076 408 724-3537 Cat $3; One of the most mouth-wateringly written catalogs! Roseway Nurseries 205 N Main PO Box 269 Ridgefield, WA 98642 Cat $0; modern roses Smith & Hawken (seems to be expanding into the old rose market) 25 Corte Madera Mill Valley, CA 94941 Cat info 415 383-2000 Spring Hill Nurseries 110 W Elm Street Tipp City, OH 43571 Cat $0; mostly hybrid teas and grandifloras, some climbers and tree roses. Springwood Miniature Roses Port Credit Box 255 Mississauga, Ontario, L5G 4L8 Canada miniatures Stocking Rose Nursery 785 N Capitol Avenue San Jose, CA 95133 Cat $0; modern roses Tiny Jewels Nursery 9509 N Bartlett Road Oklahoma City, OK 73131 miniatures Tiny Petals Nursery 489 Minot Avenue Chula Vista, CA 92010 Thomasville Nurseries PO Box 7 Thomasville, GA 31799 Cat $0; modern roses, evergreen & native azaleas; daylilies, liriope Wayside Gardens PO Box 1 1 Garden Lane Hodges, SC 29695-0001 Cat $0; perennials, including some roses, esp. "English garden" class Yesterday's Rose 572 Las Colindas Road San Rafael, CA 94903 From: Kay Klier Subject: Re: The Rundown on Roses (long) Date: 5 Feb 92 04:27:39 GMT > First of all, what distinguishes various kinds of roses? I can't > reliably tell the difference between a Floribunda, a Bourbon, or > a Damask. I'm pretty good on hybrid teas... But all the various > forms of old-fashioned roses confuse me completely -- they all look > overpetaled and kind of cabbagey. > I've figured out that moss roses have fuzzy branches and foliage, > but what are hybrid perpetuals and Gallicas? What is a Portland > rose (the only comment in one catalog was, "Akin to the Damask." > Thanks a lot)? I used to live in Portland, and I'd go visit the > rose test gardens and admire the plants, but I couldn't ever figure > out the distinguishing characteristics. > Is a hedge rose the same as a shrub rose? What about a bedding rose? > An English rose? Hybrid Musk? Landscape rose? And, yes, cabbage rose? Well, I'm NOT a rosarian, but I can tell you that most of us have similar problems in classifying cultivated roses. Including (especially?) the plant taxonomists. Modern roses are a giant amalgam of all sorts of species, and some of the more important characteristics of a parental species might not show up in outward appearance, but might instead influence a character like winter hardiness. Me, I'm a utilitarian when it comes to rose classifications. I divide the groups into old-fashioned or garden roses (which usually smell pretty good, & bloom once or a few times a year) and modern roses, which are bred to be in bloom nearly all season, and often look a lot like florist's roses. Generally not much scent, either. (These are, of course, generalizations, and there are some nicely scented modern roses, and some old-fashioned types that don't smell much at all.) Shrub roses are that get at least as big as a forsythia, IMHO, and if you plant them in a row, they are then hedge roses. If you've got a single big shrub rose, then I call that a landscape rose. Might be the same plant as the one in the hedge... I like to grow species roses rather than recent cultivars, so most of mine are shrub roses. Bedding roses are roses that are planted in beds like geraniums in a park flower bed (not my favorite way to use roses, but that's my problem...). These are generally hybrid tea type roses. English roses are a fairly new development; they are supposed to combine the form and odors of old fashioned roses with the blooming habits of a hybrid tea. Then there are climbing roses and ground-cover roses (in both the old and modern groups).... Now, if you're trying to guess whether a particular rose cultivar might do well for you, you need to have some idea of the ancestry. That's where groups like "Bourbon", "China Tea", "hybrid tea", "rugosa", etc. start getting useful. These are rough indications of how likely the plant is to survive your winters, what sort of abuse it can take, what it will smell like, and the general form and odor of the flowers. Roses with a China rose ancestry tend to bloom often (for old-fashioned roses), but they don't stand much frost. Most of the native European roses (like Rosa gallica, apothecary's rose) bloom once a year. Other European roses that have had a big role in modern rose ancestry are Rosa x alba (which is itself a hybrid) and the damask roses, which are also hybrids. Cabbage roses (R. x centifolia, provence rose) are hybrids of a damask and an alba rose. Portland roses were named after a duchess of Portland (England), right about 1800. Moss roses are mutants that have croped up several times in the cabbage roses and the damasks. The China roses that were selected in Europe, were, as I said earlier, pretty frost-tender. Tea roses are also tender Chinese roses, but they were hybridized with the Bourbon roses and the Noisettes. When they crossed the bourbons, noisettes and hybrid perpetuals, the result was the first hybrid tea roses. OK, so where did the Bourbons, Noisettes, and Hybrid Perpetuals come from? The Bourbons are selections of Rosa chinensis hybridized with an unknown rose growing in Egypt in the early 1800's. Someone sent some seeds on to France, where they became great favorites. Redoute, Marie Antoinette's painting teacher, did a lot of watercolors of these. Noisettes are hybrids between Rosa chinensis and Rosa moschata (musk rose). They were first grown in South Carolina. Hybrid Perpetuals are from (Portland x China) x (Gallica x China). Because of the large amounts of R. chinensis ancestry, most of these are pretty frost-tender. There are a lot of other groups of roses that represent selections from certain hybrid ancestries, but I think you get the idea... The Phillips and Rix book called Roses has a fairly good section on history of modern cultivar groups. Trouble is, it gets so complicated, that you've almost got to draw out ancestry charts to figure out what's going on. Truthfully, I just sort of know the rose groups that I'm most likely to be able to grow (for my climate, rugosas, polyanthas, some wichurianas, sweet briars, pimpinellifolias, and anything with a R. multiflora, R. setigera or R. arkansana ancestry, as well as some others). The rest I visit in some nice botanical garden in some nice warm area, and say, "gee, wish that one would make it up north...".
Subject: THORNLESS ROSE UPDATE Date: 21 May 92 12:15:22 GMT A few days ago I e-mailed a reply to someone who wanted to know about hardy, thornless roses. Then I thought perhaps I ought to share what I have learned with the rest of this newsgroup. I have about fifty different varieties of roses planted around my house, mostly old garden roses, i.e. varieties in cultivation before the emergence of the hybrid tea roses in the last third of the 19th century. Those varieties I have that are both extremely hardy (they survived -5/-10F this winter and a brutal mid-March frost that killed some hybrid teas) and thornless or nearly so include REINE DES VIOLETTES, ROSA CENTIFOLIA PARVIFOLIA, ROSA GALLICA OFFICINALIS, THERESE BUGNET(thorns appear on the lower 12 inches of the 4-5 foot canes),NASTARANA, ICEBERG(a floribunda) and TOUR DE MALAKOFF. Of these, the ones with the least thorns are REINE DES VIOLETTES and CENTIFOLIA PARVIFOLIA. From: Kay Klier Subject: Re: The Rundown on Roses (long) Date: 5 Feb 92 04:27:39 GMT > First of all, what distinguishes various kinds of roses? I can't > reliably tell the difference between a Floribunda, a Bourbon, or > a Damask. I'm pretty good on hybrid teas... But all the various > forms of old-fashioned roses confuse me completely -- they all look > overpetaled and kind of cabbagey. > I've figured out that moss roses have fuzzy branches and foliage, > but what are hybrid perpetuals and Gallicas? What is a Portland > rose (the only comment in one catalog was, "Akin to the Damask." > Thanks a lot)? I used to live in Portland, and I'd go visit the > rose test gardens and admire the plants, but I couldn't ever figure > out the distinguishing characteristics. > Is a hedge rose the same as a shrub rose? What about a bedding rose? > An English rose? Hybrid Musk? Landscape rose? And, yes, cabbage rose? Well, I'm NOT a rosarian, but I can tell you that most of us have similar problems in classifying cultivated roses. Including (especially?) the plant taxonomists. Modern roses are a giant amalgam of all sorts of species, and some of the more important characteristics of a parental species might not show up in outward appearance, but might instead influence a character like winter hardiness. Me, I'm a utilitarian when it comes to rose classifications. I divide the groups into old-fashioned or garden roses (which usually smell pretty good, & bloom once or a few times a year) and modern roses, which are bred to be in bloom nearly all season, and often look a lot like florist's roses. Generally not much scent, either. (These are, of course, generalizations, and there are some nicely scented modern roses, and some old-fashioned types that don't smell much at all.) Shrub roses are that get at least as big as a forsythia, IMHO, and if you plant them in a row, they are then hedge roses. If you've got a single big shrub rose, then I call that a landscape rose. Might be the same plant as the one in the hedge... I like to grow species roses rather than recent cultivars, so most of mine are shrub roses. Bedding roses are roses that are planted in beds like geraniums in a park flower bed (not my favorite way to use roses, but that's my problem...). These are generally hybrid tea type roses. English roses are a fairly new development; they are supposed to combine the form and odors of old fashioned roses with the blooming habits of a hybrid tea. Then there are climbing roses and ground-cover roses (in both the old and modern groups).... Now, if you're trying to guess whether a particular rose cultivar might do well for you, you need to have some idea of the ancestry. That's where groups like "Bourbon", "China Tea", "hybrid tea", "rugosa", etc. start getting useful. These are rough indications of how likely the plant is to survive your winters, what sort of abuse it can take, what it will smell like, and the general form and odor of the flowers. Roses with a China rose ancestry tend to bloom often (for old-fashioned roses), but they don't stand much frost. Most of the native European roses (like Rosa gallica, apothecary's rose) bloom once a year. Other European roses that have had a big role in modern rose ancestry are Rosa x alba (which is itself a hybrid) and the damask roses, which are also hybrids. Cabbage roses (R. x centifolia, provence rose) are hybrids of a damask and an alba rose. Portland roses were named after a duchess of Portland (England), right about 1800. Moss roses are mutants that have croped up several times in the cabbage roses and the damasks. The China roses that were selected in Europe, were, as I said earlier, pretty frost-tender. Tea roses are also tender Chinese roses, but they were hybridized with the Bourbon roses and the Noisettes. When they crossed the bourbons, noisettes and hybrid perpetuals, the result was the first hybrid tea roses. OK, so where did the Bourbons, Noisettes, and Hybrid Perpetuals come from? The Bourbons are selections of Rosa chinensis hybridized with an unknown rose growing in Egypt in the early 1800's. Someone sent some seeds on to France, where they became great favorites. Redoute, Marie Antoinette's painting teacher, did a lot of watercolors of these. Noisettes are hybrids between Rosa chinensis and Rosa moschata (musk rose). They were first grown in South Carolina. Hybrid Perpetuals are from (Portland x China) x (Gallica x China). Because of the large amounts of R. chinensis ancestry, most of these are pretty frost-tender. There are a lot of other groups of roses that represent selections from certain hybrid ancestries, but I think you get the idea... The Phillips and Rix book called Roses has a fairly good section on history of modern cultivar groups. Trouble is, it gets so complicated, that you've almost got to draw out ancestry charts to figure out what's going on. Truthfully, I just sort of know the rose groups that I'm most likely to be able to grow (for my climate, rugosas, polyanthas, some wichurianas, sweet briars, pimpinellifolias, and anything with a R. multiflora, R. setigera or R. arkansana ancestry, as well as some others). The rest I visit in some nice botanical garden in some nice warm area, and say, "gee, wish that one would make it up north...". Kay Klier Biology Dept UNI Subject: Re: Pruning roses for repeat bloom... Date: 22 Apr 92 21:33:32 GMT > Since Mr. Lincoln has made these beautiful flowers and new shoots are on the > way, I need to know a little about where, when, and if to cut the > flowers off. > As I understand it, it is good to prune the flowers to encourage more > growth and blooming. Yes, this is true. > But when? > Should the flower be cut toward the beginning, middle, or end of the > bloom? Are any of these okay, so long as you don't leave it sit there > once the petals fall? Any of the above times is fine. If not cut back before, definintely cut them back when the petals fall. > And where? > Is there some particularly good spot to make the cut? My guess would be > to cut it just above (1/4 inch?) a leaf-joint on the stem, maybe 3 to 5 > joints below the bloom. Is this right? General pruning rules: 1) The more plant that you leave the quicker your rose will rebloom. Nutrients are stored in the plant and the old leaves will be producing the energy for the new leaves. 2) Remove anything smaller in diameter than a pencil (This is for hybrid teas, which your roses are). Anything smaller will only provide weak growth that can't support blooms. 3) Cut just above an out-facing leaf node. This is to keep the center of the plant open and allow for good air circulation and hence limit susceptibility to disease. (The old rule was that this node had to have at least 5 leaflets, but if the diameter is enough, 3 will work fine.) 4) Fertilize after each bloom/cut-back cycle. My hints/rules: 1) I ignore the out-facing leaf node advice after the first couple of bloom cycles. The growing season is too long here and you can end up with eight foot roses on long canes that may even need staking. I'll often cut to an in-facing node to get some growth into the interior of the plant. (I believe this is called bird caging. Does anyone know the term?) 2) If it is hot in the late summer, the rebloom will take longer. Sometimes (especially in drought years when I haven't been watering or fertilizing to conserve water), I'll do a mini-rose prune and reshaping to get a more vigorous fall bloom. My neighbors roses are near mine. Some are even the same varieties. Their gardener usually cuts the roses back later after bloom than mine and then too heavily. Usually by the end of the summer I'll have had a couple more blooming cycles with more roses than they get. > And how? > I imagine you are supposed to cut the stem on a slant. But should > the longer side of the stem wind up on the joint side or the opposite > side? The main thing with the cut is that it is not parallel to the ground. This is so that water will run off and prevents diseases from entering the plant. I find this doesn't make much of a difference since it rarely rains here in the summer and I have my roses on drip irrigation. > Rose people, shower me with your knowledge, please! Hope this helped. Jim
Subject: Re: Rose update... Summary: Growing Roses organically and disease-resistant varieties Date: 25 Apr 92 17:26:41 GMT > Recent hybrids: I am disappointed to see several new David Austins >in my yard getting mildew. They are supposed to combine the virtues >of old and new, but I am getting skeptical. The recent (May/June) anniversary issue of Organic Gardening has a great article on growing roses organically, including some suggestions for more/less resistant plants. Clair Martin, curator of Huntington Gardens in San Marino, CA suggests the following after 5 years of trials: Healthier plants: Graham Thomas, Pretty Jessica, Belle Story, Othello, Claire Rose More susceptible to mildew: Gertrude jekyll, Bredon, Proud Titania, Prospero (also to rust), The Miller, Lordly Oberon and the author adds Fisherman's Friend. Other varieties are also discussed as well as explainations and descriptions of various common diseases, and how to possibly treat.
From: klier [2] Rose conditioning (was Rose update) Date: Fri May 1 20:56:38 1992 > In Australia, Western Australia to be precise, one of the best varieties > to grow is Maria Callas. Gorgeous colour, size and scent!! > Mr Lincoln is also very popular and I am trying to get a bush for my new > garden at the moment to see for myself. By far my favourite variety on > the bush is Fresia, though it doesn't last very long in water. Does > anyone have any ideas on how to increase the life in water? Well, I won't ask why, with all the weird & wonderful Australian flora, someone would grow roses...;-) Do you condition your roses when you cut them? Makes a world of difference! Cut flowers in the early morning or after a rain, or any time that they are NOT under water stress. Cut the stem at least an inch or so longer (2-4cm, in rational terms) than you need, and immediately place the stem in water. Back in the house, recut the stem on a slant UNDER WATER with a very sharp knife or (my choice) a single-edged razor blade. Keep the cut end under water at all times. Now remove all foliage that will be under water when you display the bloom. (If the leaves will be above water in the final vase, it's OK to keep them on.) Now find a clean container that is at least as deep as the rose is tall, and fill it with warmish water -- about 100oF or 38oC. Immerse the rose stem and foliage in the container to the base of the rose flower, and place the container in a cool place for 8-12 hours (hint, not the refrigerator if you keep fruit in it-- ethylene from ripening fruit will cause premature petal drop.) After 8-12 hours, you can remove the rose and put it in the decorative vase. Be sure vases are scrupulously clean, since bacterial and fungal growth kill cut flowers quite rapidly. Change the water in the vase every day. Recut the stem underwater every day if you can (kinda hard in a major arrangement!)
Other treatments that I find too much to bother with: commercial cut flower foods, usually with a base of sucrose and silver nitrate or sucrtse and hydroxyquinones. home-made formulas, the best of which is probably 50% 7-up or other fizzy lemon soda + 1 1/2 tsp (30 ml) household chlorine bleach. Date: Fri, 2 Oct 1992 14:37 CDT From: [email protected] GENERAL SEED CATALOGS: NORTH AMERICAN (and a few plant catalogs, and a few British and Swedish firms) revision of 2 October, 1992 Bob Batson provided the list that was the basis of this FAQ. Comments are mainly his. Jim Bishop, Steve Holder, Mike Huben, Risto Paasivirta, Beverly Erlebacher, Ceci Henningsson added others. Another good place to hunt seed catalog addresses is the list published annually in a winter issue of _Flower and Garden_ Magazine. Most spring seed catalogs are issued in late December/early January. Some additions and comments by Kay Klier; typos are probably hers! Unless otherwise indicated, assume the catalog covers a general range of seeds, including flowers, vegetables and herbs. Beginning gardeners are advised to obtain and study the catalogs that are marked as especially useful for novices; you'll get good basic gardening information (mostly for free!). The White Flower Farm catalogs are also well-written information on growing perennials, shrubs and trees. You may find yourself saving these as reference materials. Native North American species, specialist lists, catalogs of plants, bulb catalogs, and herb catalogs are covered in their respective FAQL's.
Cat - Catalog CC - Credit Cards cv - cultivar(s) (=variety) heirloom -- old cultivars (varieties) Min. - Minimum Order OVER - Overseas PC - Personal Checks OC - Other Currencies op - open-pollinated (non-hybrid) orn - ornamentals R&W - retail and wholesale SASE - Self-Addressed Stamped Envelope SP: - Specialises In veg. - vegetable(s) * - good for beginning gardeners + - highly recommended for beginning gardeners, IMHO ABUNDANT LIFE SEED FOUNDATION BANANA TREE (THE) P.O. Box 772 715 Northampton St. Townsend, WA 98368 Easton, PA 18042 Cat $1, R&W, Min. $10; op & Cat $2, R&W, PC/CC, OVER, Min. heirloom veg, herbs, green $6.50, SP: rare & uncommon tropical manures, natives, books; organic seeds & bulbs, banana corms, palms, emphasis. oriental veg., ornamentals. AGWAY, INC. BAXTER (WALTER) SEED CO. 1225 Zeager Road P.O. Box 8175 Elisabethtown, PA 17022 Weslaco, TX 78596-3175 Cat $0, PC/CC; A full-line Cat $0, R&W, PC, OVER, Min. $1 farmer's co-op for seeds BEA'S SERVICE ALBERTA NURSERIES & SEEDS, LTD. P.O. Box 8422 Box 20 Calabasas, CA 91302 Bowden, Alta. Cat $0, PC, OVER, SP: chili Canada T0M 0K0 pepper seeds from Mexico Cat $0 in Canada, $2 US; orn & veg for short seasons; northern BELCHE HERB CO. wildflowers P.O. Box 1305 Schenectedy, NY 12301 ALFREY SEEDS P.O. Box 415 BOJO'S GARDEN SEED Knoxville, TN 37901 P.O. Box 1408 Cat SASE, PC, OVER, SP: Rare Caldwell, ID 83606 and hard to find peppers, tomatoes, Cat $0, RW, PC, OVER, SP: & okra traditional op veg. seeds for the home gardener. Emphasis is on ALLEN, STERLING & LOTHROP flavor. 191 US Rt 1 Falmouth, ME 04105 BOUNTIFUL GARDENS/ECOLOGY ACTION Usual run of veg, ann. 5798 Ridgewood Road ornamentals, list of cover crops, Wilits, CA 95490 fertilizers for organic gardeners, Cat $0, RW, PC/CC, OVER, SP: op lawn grass. seeds; books ALTA SEEDS BOUNTIFUL HARVEST P.O. Box 253 P.O. Box 11295 Potrero, CA 92063 Des Moines, IA 50340-1295 Cat $2 refundable, PC/OC, OVER, Cat $1, PC/CC SP: vegetables for home gardeners BRICKER'S ORGANIC FARMS, INC. APOTHECARY SEED COMPANY 824-K Sandbar Ferry Road P.O. Box 1324 Augusta, GA 30901 Battle Ground, WA 98604 Cat $0, R&W PC Cat $0, PC, SP: rare & unusual op veg., culinary & medicinal BRODERNA herbs, scented plants & natural Broederna Nelsons Froe AB** pest control. S-362 00 TINGSRYD SWEDEN ARCHIAS' SEED STORE. Cat $0. Allround. 106 East Main Street **oe=o with two dots above it) Sedalia, MO 65301 Cat $0, R&W, PC/CC, OVER; U of Missouri vegetable cvs, including 5 cv popcorn, op corn, tomatoes.
BRUDY (JOHN) EXOTICS 3411 Westfield Drive COMPANION PLANTS Brandon, FL 33511 7247 N Coolville Ridge Cat $2 refundable, PC, OVER, Athens, OH 45701 SP: seeds of exotic tropical Cat $2; herbs (plants & seeds); trees & shrubs, both ornamental & Eastern US natives. edible. COMSTOCK, FERRE & CO BURGESS SEED AND PLANT CO. P.O. Box 125 905 Four Seasons Road Wethersfield, CT 06109-0125 Bloomington, IL 61701 Cat $0, RW, PC/CC, OVER, Min. Cat $1, CC $15, old-fashioned flowers, veg. (established in 1820) BURPEE (W. ATLEE) & CO. * + 300 Park Avenue COOK'S GARDEN (THE) Warminster, PA 18974 P.O. Box 65 Cat $0, RW, PC/CC Londonderry, VT 05148 One of the oldest & best known Cat $1, RW, PC/CC, OVER, SP: seed comp. in the US; good general seeds of lettuce, salad greens & range of plants; good info. mesclun; also has some gourmet veg. seed BURRELL (D.V.) SEED GROWERS CO. P.O. Box 150 CORNS Rocky Ford, CO 81067-0150 Rt 1, Box 32 Cat $0, RW, PC, OVER Turpin, OK 73950 Veg and flower seed; small Cat $1, deductible; op and inexpensive packets; some vars esp. heirloom cvs of corn (maize) for Intermountain West; melon list esp. strong. COTTAGE GARDEN (THE) PO Box 106 BUTCHART GARDENS SEED STORE Woodstock, IL 60098 Box 4010, Station A Victoria, BC V8X 3X4 COUNTRY GARDEN (THE) Canada PO Box 3539 Catalog $1, deductible; orn. Oakland, CA 94609 Cat $2; flowers for cutting BUTTERBROOKE FARM 78 Barry Road CRICKET HILL HERB FARM Oxford, CT 06483 Glen Street Cat $0.50, RW, PC, OVER, SP: Rowley, MA 01969 traditional & op veg. seeds for Cat $1; herbs, scented short growing seasons geraniums, orn. CAPRILANDS HERB FARM CROSMAN SEED CORPORATION 534 Silver Street P.O. Box 110 Coventry, CT 06238 East Rochester, NY 14445 Cat $0, RW, PC, Min. $3, CARROLL GARDENS (established in 1838); general PO Box 310 range of seeds, most packets $0.59 Westminster, MD 21157 CROSS SEED CO, INC CHILTERN SEEDS HC69, Box 2 Bortree Stile Bunker Hill, KS 67626 Ulverston Cat $1, deductible; organically Cumbria, LA2 7PB grown seeds & grains England Cat $?; about *5000* species, esp. European, South African, Australian wildfls. Utterly amazing! CURRAN (JOHN) SPECIALTY SEED CO. ECHO 14 Cedar Ave. 17430 Durrance Road Manahawkin, NY 08050 North Fort Meyers, FL 33917 Cat $1, PC/OC, OVER, SP: seed Cat $1, PC, OVER, SP: seeds & of open-pollinated traditional & plants of underexploited but heirloom veg. & culinary herbs, important tropical foods selected for fine flavor & resistance to drought & heat. ED HUME SEEDS PO Box 2450 D.V. Burrell Seed Growers Kent, WA 98032 See: BURRELL Cat $0; veg. and orn. for cool season growing in Pacific NW. DABNEY HERBS Box 22061 EVERGREEN Y.H. ENTERPRISES Louisville, Kentucky 40222 P.O. Box 17538 Anaheim, CA 92817 DAM (William) SEEDS Cat $1, deductible; oriental P.O. Box 8400 vegetable seeds Dundas, Ontario Canada L9H 6M1 FARMER SEED & NURSEY CO. * Cat $2 (ref); SP: Veg, orn, P.O. Box 129 herbs. Many Dutch and other Faribault, MN 55021 European cvs. Untreated seeds. Cat $0, PC/CC/OC, OVER Ships to U.S. and other foreign countries. FEDCO SEEDS 52 Mayflower Hill Dr. De GIORGI CO. INC. Waterville, ME 04901 6011 N St Cat $1, veg, herb, orn seeds. Omaha, NE 68117 Cat $2, PC, OVER FIELD'S (HENRY) SEED & NURSERY * commercial and home grower + quantities, emphasis esp. on cvs 407 Sycamore Street for prairie states. Strong lists Shenandoah, IA 51602 for perennials, rock-garden, Cat $0, PC/CC; everything cabbage. basic; folksy flavor. DILL (Howard) ENTERPRISES FISCHER GREENHOUSES RR1 609-927-3399 Windsor, Nova Scotia B0N 2T0 Linwood, NJ 08221 Canada specializing in African Violets Cat $1; pumpkin seedss, including 'Atlantic Giant' FLOATING MOUNTAIN SEEDS P.O. Box 1275 DOMINION SEED HOUSE Port Angeles, WA 98362 115 Guelph St. Cat $1.50, PC/CC, OVER. Georgetown, Ontario CANADA L7G 4A2 FLOWER AND HERB EXCHANGE Cat $0, *Canadian Orders ONLY*; Rt. 3, Box 239 good veg and flower list, many Decorah, Iowa 52101 especially selected for earliness and cold-tolerance; good upply and FOX HILL FARM tool list. PO Box 7 Parma, MI 49269 Dr. Yoo Farm See: YOO FOX HOLLOW HERBS P.O. Box 148 Earl May Seed and Nursery Company McGrann, PA 16236 SEE: MAY
FRAGRANT PATH GLECKLER'S SEEDSMEN PO Box 328 Metamora, OH 43540 Fort Calhoun, NE 68023 Cat $0, PC, OVER, Min. $2; Cat $1; Fragrant and old heirloom veg. fashioned flowers. GOODWIN CREEK GARDEN FRIENDS OF THE TREES PO Box 83 P.O. Box 1064 Williams, OR 97544 Tonasket, WA 98855 GRINAN GARDENS G. SEED CO. PO Box 14492 PO Box 72 San Fransisco, CA 94114 Tonasket, WA 98855 Cat $1, deductible; Cat $1; op veg, herb, orn; many ornamentals, many from abroad heirlooms. GURNEY SEED & NURSEY CO. *+ GARDEN CITY SEEDS * 1224 Page Street 1324 Red Crow Road 605-665-1930 Victor, MT 59875-9713 Yankton, SD 57079 Cat $2, PC, OVER; seeds for Cat $0, PC/CC/OC northern climates subzero roses; large stock of orn. & veg. cvs. (established in GARDENIMPORT INC. * 1866) P.O. Box 760 Thornhill, ON L3T 4A5 HALINAR (Dr. JOSEPH C.) CANADA 2333 Crooked Finger Rd Cat $4, PC/CC, OVER (N.A. Scotts Mills, OR 97375 agents for Sutton Seeds of GB); Cat for 1 1st class stamp; good bulb list as well as veg, seeds of daylilies, lilies, allium flower; some British & European cvs. HARRIS MORAN SEED COMPANY 3670 Buffalo Road GARDENS ALIVE! Moreton Farm P.O. Box 149 Rochester, NY 14624 Sunman, IN 47041 HARRIS SEEDS * GAZE SEED CO. 60 Saginaw Drive PO Box 640 Rochester, NY 14623 St. John's, Newfoundland A1C 5K8 Cat $0, PC/CC CANADA general; also lawn seeds Cat $0; orn, veg, lawn grasses, trees, shrubs, good HASTINGS - THE SOUTHERN GARDENER'S selection of tools & supplies, CATALOG incl. forks and hand plows. 800-334-1771 (IN GA 404-755-6580) 1036 White Street, SW Geo. W. Park Seed Co., Inc. PO Box 115535 SEE PARK'S Atlanta, GA 30310-8535 seeds, plants, water gardening, GH ALTITUDE GARDENS organics, gardening aids P.O. Box 4619 Ketchum, ID 83340 HASTINGS AND COMPANY (H.G.) 1-800-874-7333 (telephone) Box 4274 Cat $3, PC/CC, OVER. Atlanta, GA 30302 Regional seed company dedicated to making available seeds of veg., HEIRLOOM GARDENS herbs, wild flowers & native Box 138 grasses adapted to short season, Guerneville, CA 95446 high altitude climates around the Cat $2.50; orn. & herbs world.
HEIRLOOM SEEDS P.O. Box 245 J.W. Jung Seed Company Finleyville, PA 15088-0245 See Jung's Cat $1, deductible; veg & orn. JACKSON AND PERKINS Henry Fields and Company Box 1028 SEE FIELD'S Medford, OR 97501 1-800-292-grow HIGH ALTITUDE GARDENS Cat $0, hybrid roses and other PO Box 4238 perennials Ketchum, ID 83340 Cat $3; op veg, wildflowers, JOHN SCHEEPERS, INC native grasses, organic P.O. Box 700 fertiilizers and pest controls; Bantam, CT 06750 wildflower seed locally collected. 203-567-0838 Strong list for Intermountain West. nice range of bulbs HOLLAND WILDFLOWER FARM HS JOHNNY'S SELECTED SEEDS * Elkins, AR 72727 310 Foss Hill Road Albion, ME 04910 HORTICULTURAL ENTERPRISES (AU) Cat $0, PC/CC, OVER, SP: seeds P.O. Box 810082 for cool, short-season areas, esp. Dallas, TX 75381-0082 veg. Cat $0, PC. Large selection of chile & sweet pepper seed JOHNSON SEED CO. 227 Ludwig Ave. HUDSON (J.L), SEEDSMAN Dousman, WI 53118 P.O. Box 1058 Cat. $0; heirloom and modern Redwood City, CA 94064 veg. seed. Cat $1, PC, OVER rarities, incl. veg from Zapotec JORDAN SEEDS INC Indians of Mexico; mostly for 6400 Upper Afton Road serious, experienced gardeners Woodbury, MN 55125 Cat $0 IMPECTA HANDELS S-640 25 JULITA JUDE HERBS SWEDEN Box 563-CJ Cat $0. PC. house plants, Huntington Station, NY 11746 trees, flowers, herbs, vegetables. Some black/white photos. SP: Rare JUNG QUALITY SEEDS seeds. 414-326-4100 - orders only 335 S. High St. INTERMOUNTAIN SEEDS Randolph, WI 53957-0001 P.O. Box Cat $0, PC/CC Rexburg, ID 83440 Cat $0, PC. Veg., herb & flower KELLY NURSERIES seeds adapted to the cool night Dansville, NY 12237 temperatures & short growing season of the Intermountain region KESTER WILD GAME FOOD NURSERIES PO Box V ISLAND SEED MAIL ORDER Omro, WI 54963 PO Box 4278, Station A Cat $2; Seeds, bulbs for Victoria, BC V8X 3X8 species favored as food and cover CANADA by game species. Cat $2; good basic list for Pacific NW KITAZAWA SEED CO. 1748 Lane Avenue J.L.HUDSON, SEEDSMAN Santa Clara, CA 95051 PO Box 1058-HW Cat $0; oriental veg and herb Redwood City, CA 94064 seeds. LONG ISLAND SEED COMPANY KRIDER NURSERIES 1368 Flanders Road PO Box 29 Flanders NY 11901 Middlebury, IN 46540 LOUISIANA NURSERY KSA JOJOBA Rt 7, Box 43 19025 Parthenia St Opelousas, LA 70570 Northridge, CA 91324 3 catalogs: $3 daylilies & Cat SASE + 2 $0.29 stamps; Louisiana irises; $5 magnolias, jojoba trees, shrubs, vines; $3 crinums and other bulbs LAKELAND NURSERY SALES Unique Merchandise Mart MAY (EARL) SEED & NURSERY *+ Building 1 208 North Elm Street Hanover, PA Shenandoah, IA 51603 Cat $0; An amazing exercise in 1-800-831-4193 (telephone) off-the-wall "common names" and Cat $0, PC/CC; old, established hype. Caution (and a large grain seed and nursery with usual range of salt) advised. of veg, orn, trees and shrubs. LANDRETH SEED CO. * Mc CRORY'S SUNNY HILL HERB FARM P.O. Box 6426 Star Route 3 Box 844 Baltimore, MD 21230 Eustis, FL 32726 Cat $2, OVER. (established in 1784); veg. McCLURE & ZIMMERMAN 108 W. Winnebago LAVAL SEEDS [=SEMENANCES LAVAL] P.O. Box 368 3505 Saint Martin West Friesland, WI 53935 [=3505 Boulevard St-Martin Ouest] 414-326-5769 Ville de Laval, Que. bulbs, esp. species and uncommon. Canada H7T 1A2 Cat. $0, good list of veg, orn, McFAYDEN SEEDS houseplant seeds. PO Box 1800 Brandon, Manitoba R7A 6N4 LE JARDIN DU GOURMET Canada West Danville, VT 05873 Cat $0; good selection of cvs Gourmet veg. seeds. for colder climates; also wine and beer-making supplies. LE MARCHE SEEDS INTERNATIONAL Box 566 MELLINGER'S INC. *+ Dixon, CA 95620 2310 West South Range Rd. Gourrmet veg. seeds. North Lima, OH 44452-9731 1-800-321-7444 (telephone) LEDDEN (OROL) & SONS 216-549-9861 P.O. Box 7 Fax: 216-549-3716 Sewell, NJ 08080-0007 Cat $0, PC/CC, OVER 609 468-1000 nursery stock, house plants, Cat $0, PC/CC: cvs adapted for tools, pots, soil mixes, etc.; NE US; pasture, lawn, some offers small quantities of heirlooms; seeds, bulbs, plants, commercial growers supplies that cover crops, supplies. can be otherwise difficult to find. LIBERTY SEED COMPANY * MEYER SEED CO. * P.O. Box 806 600 S. Caroline St. New Philadelphia, OH 44663 Baltimore, MD 21231 216-364-1611 Cat $0, PC/CC; specializes in fax: 216-364-6415 seed for MD, northern VA. interesting mix of veg and farm seeds, some flowers
MICHIGAN BULB COMPANY OF THE JUNGLE 1950 Waldorf, N.W. PO box 1801 Grand Rapids, MI 49550 sebastopol, ca 95473 cheap prices, complaints on Catalog $2, SP: ethnobotany ; quality; caveat emptor Very exotic selection of seeds and plants, mostly of ethnoMIDWEST SEED GROWERS, INC. pharmacological or ethnic food 505 Walnut St. type. Also (strange) botanical Kansas City, MO 64106 products. MILEAGER'S GARDENS OLDS SEED CO. * 4838 Douglas Avenue P.O. Box 7790 Racine, WI 53402-2498 Madison, WI 53707 1-800-669-9956 Cat $2.50 refundable, PC, OVER bulbs ONTARIO SEED CO, LTD MOON MOUNTAIN WILDFLOWERS Box 144 P.O. Box 34 Waterloo, Ont. Morro Bay, CA 93442 Canada N2J 3Z9 MOUNTAIN SEED & NURSERY ORIENTAL SEED CO P.O. Box 9107 PO Box 330058 Moscow, ID Hartford, CT 06133 Cat $1 refundable, PC/CC, OVER, Cat $2 deductible, oriental SP: seeds for cold short season veg, herbs, orn. areas Orol Ledden & Sons, Inc. MUSSER FORESTS, INC. See: Ledden PO Box S-91 M Indiana, PA 15701 Otis S. Twilley Seed Company, Inc. 412-465-5685 See: TWILLEY fax: 412-465-9893 trees, esp. seedlings for Otto Richter & Sons reforestation See: RICHTER NATIVE SEEDS/SEARCH PAGE SEED CO. 3950 W. New York Drive P.O. Box 158 Tucson, AZ 85745 Greene, NY 13778 Cat $1; 200+ cvs of vegetable Cat $0, PC seed adapted to desert SW; organized by an ethnobotanist, so PARK (GEORGE W.) SEED CO. *+ strong representation of seeds from Cokesbury Road native peoples (landraces). Strong Greenwood, SC 29647-0001 book section. Cat $0, PC/CC NICHOLS GARDEN NURSERY INC. *+ PEACE SEEDS 1190 North Pacific Hwy. 2385 S.E. Thompson St. Albany, OR 97321 Corvallis, OR 97333 Cat $0, PC/CC, OVER Cat $3.50, PC/OC, OVER (unconfirmed reports of poor germination) PEPPER GAL (THE) 10536 119th Ave. North NOEL'S GARDEN SEEDS Largo, FL 34643 R.D. #2K Cat $0, PC Mails to US & Canada Oxford, NY 13830 only. Seeds of over 200 Cat SASE, PC, SP: o.p. veg. for cultivars of hot, sweet & home gardeners in the Northeast. ornamental peppers. PIEDMONT PLANT COMPANY RICHTER AND SONS, LTD. (Otto) PO Box 424 Box 26 Albany, GA 31703 Goodwood, Ontario L0C 1A0 Canada PINETREE GARDEN SEEDS *+ Cat $2.50 Can, $4 US; extensive Route 100 herb list, but also some veg and New Gloucester, ME 04260 "useful plants"; organic pest Cat $0, PC/CC, OVER controls and beneficial insects for Good seeds (many op) in small Canadian shipment only. packets at very reasonable prices; small selection of bulbs; pretty RONNINGER'S SEED POTATOES good book and tool selection. Star Route Moyie Springs, ID 83845 PORTER & SONS SEEDSMAN Box 104 SEED SAVERS EXCHANGE Stephenville, TX 76401-0104 Rt. 3, Box 239 Cat $0, good veg. list adapted Decorah, Iowa 52101 to TX, lesser flower list. SEED SETS PRAIRIE STATE COMMODITIES Dept. F PO Box 6 1130 Tetherow Rd Trilla, IL 62469 Williams, OR 97544 Cat $1; ag seeds, cover crops, op field corn SEED SHOP, THE Tongue River Stage R.H. Shumway Miles City, MT 59301 SEE SHUMWAY Cat $2; cacti & succulent seed SEEDS BLUM RIPLEY'S BELIEVE IT OR NOT WORLD'S Idaho City Stage MOST UNUSUAL GARDENING CATALOG Boise, ID 83706 10 Bay St Cat $3, PC, OVER, SP: heirloom Westport, CT 06880 veg & flowers, listing over 1,000 Cat $1; giant veg & other varieties. oddities SEEDWAY, INC R.H. SHUMWAY'S Box 250 PO Box 1 Hall, NY 14463 Granitevillle, SC 29829 412-465-5685 SELECT SEEDS fax: 412-465-9893 180 Stickney Hill Seeds, including wholesale and Union, CT 06076 bulk Cat $2; heirloom orn. RAFAL SPICE CO Semenences Laval 2521 Russell St. Dept FC See: Laval Seeds Detroit, MI 48207 SHADY MUSH HERB NURSERY RAINBOW GARDENS Rt. 2 1444 E. Taylor Street Surrett Cove Td. Vista, CA 92084 Leicester, NC 28748 Cat $2; Epiphyllums and other succulents; good book list SHEPHERDS GARDEN SEEDS 30 Irene St REDWOOD CITY SEED CO. Torrington, CT 06790 PO Box 361 Redwood City, CA 94064 SHUMWAY, R.H. Cat. $1; op veg, herb, dye P.O. Box 777 plants Rockford, IL 61105 SILVER LAKE SEEDS PO Box 4118, Suite E TAYLORS HERB GARDENS INC Highland Park, NJ 08904, 1535 Lone Oak Rd Vista, CA 92083 SMITH AND HAWKEN 25 Corte Madera TERRITORIAL SEED CO Mill Valley, CA 94941 PO Box 27 415-383-2000 Lorane, OR 97451 no seeds, but bulbs, good tools, garden furbelows THOMPSON AND MORGAN Box 1308, Dept SP6 SOUTHERN EXPOSURE SEED EXCHANGE Jackson, NJ 08527 P.O. Box 158 Cat $0; amazing (by US standards) North Garden, VA 22959 selection of veg, orn., greenhouse Cat $3, deductible; heirloom species; US arm of British firm. veg and regionallyy adapted cvs. Beginners may want this catalog just to ogle, but many of the species are not for novices. SOUTHERN SEEDS P.O. Box 2091 TINMOUTH CHANNEL FARM Melbourne, FL 32902 PO Box 428B 1-800-356-1631 Tinmouth, VT 05773 Cat $1, PC, OVER, SP: o.p. veg. Cat $2 deductible; organically for tropical & subtropical areas. produced herb plants & seed Also banana corms, papaya seed & chayote squash fruits for planting. TOMATO SEED COMPANY (THE) PO Box 323 SPRING HILL Metuchen, NJ 08840 309-691-4616 110 W. Elm St. TOMATO GROWERS SUPPLY CO Tipp City, OH 45371 PO Box 2237 mostly flowers Ft Myers, FL 33902 Cat $0; tomato and pepper seed STARK BROTHERS NURSERY Louisiana, MO 63353 TRADGARDSSPECIALISTEN Traedgaardsspecialisten** STOKES SEEDS INC. *+ c/o Svenskprodukter P.O. Box 548 Box 476 Buffalo, NY 14240 S-351 06 VAEXJOE Cat $0, PC/CC, OVER SWEDEN Cat free. SP: Bulbs. SUNRISE ENTERPRISES **(ae=a with two dots above it) P.O. Box 10058 (aa=a with a ring above it ) Elmwood, CT 06110 TREGUNNO SEEDS SUTTON SEEDS 126 Catherine St North Hele Road Hamilton, Ontario L8R 1J4 Torquay CANADA Devon, TQ2 7QJ Cat $1 refundable ENGLAND Cat $0; UK equivalent of Burpees; TROPICAL SEEDS good selection of "old fashioned P.O. Box 11122 flowers" and rock garden species. Honolulu, HI 96828 Cat $1 refundable, PC, OVER. T&T SEEDS Seeds of exotic tropical flowering PO Box 1710 trees, palms, papayas, Maui onions. Winnipeg, Manitoba R3C 3P6 Also veg. cultivars developed at Canada Univ. of Hawaii. Cat $1; cvs adapted esp. for cold prairies and plains region. TSANG AND MA PO Box 24 WAUKESHA SEED CO Belmont, CA 94002 PO Box 1820 Cat $0; oriental herbs, veg, Waukesha, WI 53187 cooking supplies. Cat $0; evergreen seeds TWILLEY SEED CO. WHITE FLOWER FARM PO Box 65 Litchfield, CT 06759-0050 Trevose, PA 19047 1-800-888-7756 Cat $0; strongest in hybrid veg. Cat $0, CC, PC, SP: bulbs, seeds for every region. perennials, shrubs, trees catalogs are excellent references, good UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII SEED PROGRAM reading! Department of Horticulture 3190 Maile Way, Room 112 WILD AND CRAZY SEED CO Honolulu, HI 96822 PO Box 895 Cat $0, PC, OVER. Veg. & fruit Durango, CO 81302 cultivars developed at the Univ. of Hawaii for tropical areas. WILDFLOWER PATCH 442CJ Brookside VERMONT BEAN SEED CO. Walnut Port, PA 18088 Garden Lane Fair Haven, BT 05743 William Dam Seeds: heirloom beans, and modern hybrid See DAM veg. WYATT-QUARLES SEED CO. VESEY'S SEEDS Box 739 York P.E.I. Garner, NC 27529 Canada COA 1PO SP: SE US regional cvs. Cat $0; veg & orn for short growing seasons. YOO FARM (Dr.) PO Box 290 W WEIBULL AB College Park, MD 20740 W Weibull AB Cat $0; oriental veg. seeds and Box 520 Japanese mushroom spawn. Good S-261 24 LANDSKRONA cultural information. SWEDEN Cat 25SEK. The main gardening firm in Sweden. Allround. Colour pictures and valuable tips. W. Atlee Burpee Company SEE BURPEE'S WAYSIDE GARDENS *+ 1 Garden Lane Hodges, SC 29695-0001 1-800-845-1124 Cat $0; pricey plants, but good photos!; bulbs, perennials, shrubs, trees, roses WEEKS (CHRISTOPHER E.) PEPPERS P.O. Box 3207 Kill Devil Hills, NC 27498 Cat SASE, PC, SP: hot peppers WELL-SWEEP HERB FARM 317 Mr. Bethel Rd. Port Murray, NJ. 07865 Date: Thu, 1 Oct 92 10:53:09 PDT From: [email protected] (Jim Watts) Here is the most up to date FAQ list of catalogs that I have. It is a compilation of many sources. I have drawn from many postings and can't acknowledge all contributors. However, for those of you that recognize your contributions --Thanks from all of us! Happy Gardening, Jim Watts -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Where Applicable: Cat - Catalog CC - Credit Cards cv - cultivar(s) (=variety) heirloom -- old cultivars (varieties) Min. - Minimum Order OVER - Overseas PC - Personal Checks OC - Other Currencies op - open-pollinated (non-hybrid) orn - ornamentals R&W - retail and wholesale SASE - Self-Addressed Stamped Envelope SP: - Specialises In veg. - vegetable(s) * - good for beginning gardeners + - highly recommended for beginning gardeners, IMHO ABUNDANT LIFE SEED FOUNDATION P.O. Box 772 Townsend, WA 98368 Cat $1, R&W, Min. $10; op & heirloom veg, herbs, green manures, books; organic emphasis. A&P Orchids Peters Road Swansee, MA 02777 AGWAY, INC. 1225 Zeager Road Elisabethtown, PA 17022 Cat $0, PC/CC; A full-line farmer's co-op for seeds Ahrens Strawberry Nursery RR 1 Huntingburg IN 47542 Alberta and Market Bros. Inc 2210 S. Federal Highway Boynton Beach, FL 33435 ALBERTA NURSERIES & SEEDS, LTD. Box 20 Bowden, Alta. Canada T0M 0K0 Cat $0 in Canada, $2 US ALFREY SEEDS P.O. Box 415 Knoxville, TN 37901 Cat SASE, PC, OVER, SP: Rare and hard to find peppers, tomatoes, & okra Allen Company P.O. Box 1577 Salisbury MD 21801 ALLEN, STERLING & LOTHROP 191 US Rt 1 Falmouth, ME 04105 Usual run of veg, ann. ornamentals, foog list of cover crops, fertilizers for organic gardeners, lawn grass. Alpen Gardens 173 Lawrence Lane Kalispell MT 59901 Alpine Valley Gardens Good Recommendation for CA 2627 Calistoga Rd. Santa Rosa, CA 95404 (707) 539-1749 ALTA SEEDS P.O. Box 253 Potrero, CA 92063 Cat $2 refundable, PC/OC, OVER, SP: vegetables for home gardeners American Bamboo Co. 345 W. Second St. Dayton OH 45402 Anderson Iris Gardens 22179 Keather Ave. N Forest Lake MN 55025 Angelwood Nursery 12839 McKee School Road Woodburn OR 97071 The Angraecum House P.O. Box 976 Grass Valley CA 95945 Antique Rose Emporium Rt. 5 Box 143 Brenham, TX 77833 Phone: 409-836-9051 Anything Grows Greenhouse 1609 McKean Road Ambler PA 19002 APOTHECARY SEED COMPANY P.O. Box 1324 Battle Ground, WA 98604 Cat $0, PC, SP: rare & unusual op veg., culinary & med. herbs, scented plants & natural pest control. Appalachian Gardens P.O. Box 82 Waynesboro PA 17268 Applesource Rt. 1 Chapin IL 62628 Arbor & Espalier 201 Buena Vista Ave. E San Francisco CA 94117 ARCHIAS' SEED CO. 106 East Main Street Sedalia, MO 65301 Cat $0, R&W, PC/CC, OVER; U of Missouri vegetable cvs, including 5 cv popcorn, op corn, tomatoes. Armstrong Roses P.O. Box 1020 Somis CA 93066 B & D LILIES 330 P Street Port Townsend, WA 98368 BDK Nursery P.O. Box 628 Apopka FL 32712 Bailey's P.O. Box 654 Edmonds WA 98020 Bakker of Holland U.S. Reservation Center Louisiana MO 63353-0050
The Banana Tree 715 Northampton Street Easton, PA 18042 Telephone: 215-253-9589 Catalog price: 0.75 [1988 edition, probably a buck by now] For those gardeners able to provide the requisite well-drained soil, abundant light, high humidity, and consistent heat in the 75 deg. range, this booklet is bulging with bananas and related tropical plants. More than a score of banana trees (offered as corms) are listed. In addition, hundreds of rare seeds spill across these 20 pages: euphorbias, proteas, and yuccas, to name just a few. Descriptions are thorough and precise.
Vernon Barnes and Son Nursery P.O. Box 250 McMinnville TN 37110 BAXTER (WALTER) SEED CO. P.O. Box 8175 Weslaco, TX 78596-3175 Cat $0, R&W, PC, OVER, Min. $1 Bear Creek Nursery Box 411 Northport, Wa 99157 CAT $.50 The Beall Orchid Co, 3400 Academy Dr. S.E. Auburn WA 98002 BEA'S SERVICE P.O. Box 8422 Calabasas, CA 91302 Cat $0, PC, OVER, SP: chili pepper seeds from Mexico Beersheeba Wildflower Garden P.O. Box 551 Beersheba Springs TN 37305 Belche Herb Co. P.O. Box 1305 Schenectedy NY 12301 Blue Star Lab P.O. Box 173 Williamstown NY 13493 Bluestone Perrenials 7211 Middle Ridge Road Madison OH 44057 BOJO'S GARDEN SEED P.O. Box 1408 Caldwell, ID 83606 Cat $0, RW, PC, OVER, SP: traditional op veg. seeds for the home gardener. Emphasis is on flavor. Boordy Nursery P.O. Box 38 Riderwood MD 21139 BOUNTIFUL GARDENS 5798 Ridgewood Road Wilits, CA 95490 Cat $0, RW, PC/CC, OVER, SP: op seeds. BOUNTIFUL HARVEST P.O. Box 11295 Des Moines, IA 50340-1295 Cat $1, PC/CC
Breck's Good Reviews - 2 P.O. Box 1757 Bad Reviews Peoria IL 61656 or 6523 N. Galena Rd. Peoria IL 61632 (309)691-4616 BRICKER'S ORGANIC FARMS, INC. 824-K Sandbar Ferry Road Augusta, GA 30901 Cat $0, R&W PC Lee Bristol Nursery P.O. Box 5 Gaylordville CT 06755-0005 Brittingham Plant Farms P.O. Box 2538 Salisbury MD 21801 Brookfield Nursery and Tree Plantation P.O. Box 2490 Christiansburg VA 24073 Brown's Omaha Plant Farms Inc P.O. Box 787 Omaha TX 75571 BRUDY (JOHN) EXOTICS 3411 Westfield Drive Brandon, FL 33511 Cat $2 refundable, PC, OVER, SP: seeds of exotic tropical trees & shrubs, both ornamental & edible. BURGESS SEED AND PLANT CO. 905 Four Seasons Road Bloomington, IL 61701 Cat $1, CC B & T ASSOCIATES Whitnell House Fiddington, Bridgwater Somerset TA5 1JE England, U.K. (278) 733-209 Extremely large selection of common and exotic seeds, probably the largest of its type in the world, covering well over 25,000 species. Publishes a series of lists in various categories. Catalog - 2 International Reply Coupons, will sell to overseas customers. Buckley Nursery 646 N. River Rd. Buckley WA 98321 Burnt Ridge Nursery 432 Burnt Ridge Onalaska WA 98570 W. Atlee Burpee Co. 300 Park Ave. Warminister PA 18974 One of the oldest & best known seed comp. in the US BURRELL (D.V.) SEED GROWERS CO. P.O. Box 150 Rocky Ford, CO 81067-0150 Cat $0, RW, PC, OVER Veg and flower seed; small inexpensive packets; some vars esp. for Intermountain West; melon list esp. strong. BUSSE GARDENS Rt. 2, Box 238 Cokato, MN 55321 612-286-2654 $1.00 BUTTERBROOKE FARM 78 Barry Road Oxford, CT 06483 Cat SASE, RW, PC, OVER, SP: traditional & op veg. seeds. C 'n C Protea 387 Carmen Plaza Camarillo CA 93010-6041 Cactus by Dodie 934 E, Mettler Rd. Lodi CA 95242 Cal Dixie Iris Gardens 14115 Pear St. Riverside CA 92504 Caladium World P.O. Drawer 629 Sebring FL 33871 California Nursery Co. P.O. Box 2278 Fremont CA 94536 CAMELLIA FOREST 125 Carolina Forest Road Chapel Hill, NC 27516 919-967-5529 $1 catalog price CAPRILANDS HERB FARM 534 Silver Street Coventry, CT 06238 Cardinal Nursery Rt 1 Box 316 State Road NC 28676 Carino Nurseries P.O. Box 538 Indiana PA 15701 CARROLL GARDENS PO Box 310 Westminster, MD 21157 Carter Seeds 475 Mar Vista Drive Vista CA 92083 Cascade Forestry Service Rt. 1 Cascade IA 52033 Cedar Ridgge Nurseries Cedar Ridge Rd. Allison Park PA 15101 Chambers Nursery 26874 Ferguson Road Junction City OR 97448 CHENHALEM GARDENS P.O.Box 693 Newberg, OR 97132-0693 503-538-8920 free Chestnut Hill Nursery Inc. Route 1 Box 341 Alachua FL 32615 CHILTERN SEEDS Bortree Stile Ulverston Cumbria, LA2 7PB England Cat $?; about *5000* species, esp. European, South African, Australian wildfls. Cold Stream Farm 2030 Free Soil Rd. Free Soil MI 49411-9752 COMPANION PLANTS [CATALOG $2] 7247 North Coolville Ridge Road [Minimum Order] Athens, OH 45701 [Plants $15] (614) 592-4643 [Seeds $5] COMSTOCK, FERRE & CO P.O. Box 125 Wethersfield, CT 06109-0125 Cat $0, RW, PC/CC, OVER, Min. $15, old-fashioned flowers, veg. (established in 1820) COOK'S GARDEN (THE) P.O. Box 65 Londonderry, VT 05148 Cat $1, RW, PC/CC, OVER, SP: seeds of lettuce, salad greens & mesclun; also has some gourmet veg. seed Cordon Bleu 418 Buena Creek Rd. San Marcos, CA 92069 619-744-2810 Costal Gardens and Nursery Route 3 Box 40 Myrtle Beach SC 29577 Comstock Ferre & Co. P.O. Box 125 Wethersfield CT 06109 COTTAGE GARDEN (THE) PO Box 106 Woodstock, IL 60098 The Country Garden Route 2 Box 455A Crivitz WI 54114 Creole Orrchids P.O. Box 24458 New Orleans LA 70184-4458 CROSMAN SEED CORPORATION P.O. Box 110 East Rochester, NY 14445 Cat $0, RW, PC, Min. $3, (established in 1838); general range of seeds, most packets $0.59 THE CROWNSVILLE NURSERY P.O.Box 797 Crownsville, MD 21032 301-923-2212 $2.00 CRUICKSHANK'S INC. 1015 Mt. Pleasant Road Toronto, ONT Canada M4P 2M1 Cumberland Valley Nurseries Inc P.O. Box 471 McMinnville TN 37110-0471 CURRAN (JOHN) SPECIALTY SEED CO. 14 Cedar Ave. Manahawkin, NY 08050 Cat $1, PC/OC, OVER, SP: seed of open-pollinated traditional & heirloom veg. & culinary herbs, selected for fine flavor & resistance to drought & heat. DABNEY HERBS Box 22061 Louisville, Kentucky 40222 Dahlias by Phil Traff 1316 132nd Ave. East Sumner WA 98390 The Nursery at the Dallas Nature Center 7575 Wheatland Rd. Dallas TX 75249 Dan's Garden Shop 5821 Woodwinds Circle Frederick MD 21701 Davidson-Wilson Greenhouses Ladoga Road Route 2 Crawfordsville IN 47933 Daylilies of Tomorrow (Love that name) 1656 N 2d El Cajon, CA 619-447-4922 Daylilly World P.O. Box 1612, Sanford FL 32771 Peter De Jager Bulb Co. P.O. Box 2010 South Hamilton MA 01982 Del's Japanese Maples 4691 River Road Eugene OR 97404 De GIORGI CO. INC. 1529 North Saddle Creek Road Omaha, NE 68104 Cat $1.25, PC, OVER commercial and home grower quantities, emphasis esp. on cvs for prairie states. Strong lists for perennials, rock-garden, cabbage. DOMINION SEED HOUSE 115 Guelph St. Georgetown, Ontario CANADA L7G 4A2 Cat $0, *Canadian Orders ONLY*; good veg and flower list, many especially selected for earliness and cold-tolerance; good supply and tool list. DUTCH GARDENS INC. Good Reviews - 3 P.O. Box 200 Adelphia, NJ 07710 Phone: 908-780-2713 Fax: 908-780-7720 ECHO 17430 Durrance Road North Fort Meyers, FL 33917 Cat $1, PC, OVER, SP: seeds & plants of underexploited but important tropical foods ED HUME SEEDS PO Box 2450 Kent, WA 98032 Cat $0; veg. and orn. for cool-season growing in Pacific NW. Evergreen Y.H. Enterprises P.O. Box 17538 Anaheim, California 92817 catalog: $1 A 21-page catalog offering 16 pages of oriental vegetable varieties, gardening books, cookbooks and sauces. Each vegetable listed is accompanied by a description of its use and planting hints. An especially useful feature inside the back cover is a cross reference of oriental vegetable names. For example, the asparagus bean is also known as a yardlong bean, dow chai, dow gauk, chiang tou, kong tou, jurkusasgemae, chinese long bean, goa bean, and winged bean. Most seed packets are 0.95 with larger quantities available.
FARMER SEED & NURSEY CO. * P.O. Box 129 Faribault, MN 55021 Cat $0, PC/CC/OC, OVER FIELD'S (HENRY) SEED & NURSERY *+ Good Reviews -2 Bad Reviews - 0 407 Sycamore Street Shenandoah, IA 51602 Cat $0, PC/CC; everything basic; folksy flavor. FISCHER GREENHOUSES 609-927-3399 Linwood, NJ 08221 specializing in African Violets FLOATING MOUNTAIN SEEDS P.O. Box 1275 Port Angeles, WA 98362 Cat $1.50, PC/CC, OVER. FLOWER AND HERB EXCHANGE Rt. 3, Box 239 Decorah, Iowa 52101 FOX HILL FARM PO Box 7 Parma, MI 49269 FOX HOLLOW HERBS P.O. Box 148 McGrann, PA 16236 FRIENDS OF THE TREES P.O. Box 1064 Tonasket, WA 98855 G. SEED CO. PO Box 72 Tonasket, WA 98855 Cat $1; op veg, herb, orn; many heirlooms. Gardens Alive Natural Gardening Research Center Highway 48, P.O.Box 149 Sunman, Indiana 47041 GARDEN CITY SEEDS * 1324 Red Crow Road Victor, MT 59875-9713 Cat $2, PC, OVER GARDEN IMPORT INC. P.O. Box 760 Thornhill, ONT L3T 4A5 Canada Cat $3, PC/CC, OVER (N.A. agents for Sutton Seeds of GB); good bulb list as well as veg, flower; some British & European cvs. GARDENS ALIVE! Natural Gardening Research Center Hwy 48, P.O. Box 149 Sunman, IN 47041 Gardens Alive! has the best selection of integrated pest management tools and organic lawn care items of any catalogue I receive. They have excellent color pictures of pests and plant diseases and how to prevent them. Gardener's Supply 128 Intervale Road Burlington, VT 05401 (802) 863-1700 GAZE SEED CO. PO Box 640 St. John's, Newfoundland A1C 5K8 CANADA Cat $0; orn, veg, lawn grasses, trees, shrubs, good selection of tools & supplies, incl. forks and hand plows. GH ALTITUDE GARDENS P.O. Box 4619 Ketchum, ID 83340 1-800-874-7333 (telephone) Cat $3, PC/CC, OVER. Regional seed company dedicated to making available seeds of veg., herbs, wild flowers & native grasses adapted to short season, high altitude climates around the world. Gilbert H. Wild and Son, Inc. 692 Joplin Street Sarcoxie, MO 64862-0338 (daylily specialists) GLECKER'S SEEDSMEN Metamora, OH 43540 Cat $0, PC, OVER, Min. $2 GOSSLER FARMS NURSERY 1200 Weaver Rd. Springfield, OR 97478-9663 503-746-3922 $1.00 GURNEY SEED & NURSEY CO. *+ 1224 Page Street Yankton, SD 57079 Cat $0, PC/CC/OC subzero roses; large stock of orn. & veg. cvs. (established in 1866) Harmony Farm Supply 3244 Gravenstein Hwy. North Sebastopol, CA 95472 or: P.O.Box 460 Graton, CA 95444 HARRIS MORAN SEED COMPANY 3670 Buffalo Road Moreton Farm Rochester, NY 14624 HARRIS SEEDS * 60 Saginaw Drive Rochester, NY 14623 Cat $0, PC/CC also lawn seeds HASTINGS - THE SOUTHERN GARDENER'S CATALOG 1036 White Street, SW PO Box 115535 Atlanta, GA 30310-8535 1-800-334-1771 (IN GA 404-755-6580) seeds, plants, water gardening, organics, gardening aids (H.G.) HASTINGS AND COMPANY Box 4274 Atlanta, GA 30302 Heirloom Gardens P.O. Box 138 Guerneville, CA 95446 They carry a "collection of old time flowers; rare, culinary and ornamental." The 27-page catalog offers a wide selection of heirloom, open pollinated vegetables. Two pages are given to flowers. Any order over $10 gets you a free packet of Jefferson Giant tomato seeds. The seed packets are all in the 0.79 - 1.09 price range. All vegetable varieties are said to be chosen for flavor. HEIRLOOM SEEDS P.O. Box 245 West Elizabeth, Pennsylvania 15088-0245 HIGH ALTITUDE GARDENS PO Box 4238 Ketchum, ID 83340 Cat $3; op veg, wildflowers, native grasses, organic fertiilizers and pest controls; wildflower seed locally collected. Strong list for Intermountain West. Henry Fields and Company SEE FIELD'S HOLLAND WILDFLOWER FARM HS Elkins, AR 72727 HORTICULTURAL ENTERPRISES (AU) P.O. Box 810082 Dallas, TX 75381-0082 Cat $0, PC. Large selection of chile pepper seed SPENCER M. HOWARD ORCHID IMPORTS [CAT $.45+SASE] 11802 Huston St. [M.O. $25] North Hollywood, CA 91607 (818) 762-8275 HUDSON (J.L), SEEDSMAN P.O. Box 1058 Redwood City, CA 94064 Cat $1, PC, OVER rarities, incl. veg from Zapotec Indians of Mexico; mostly for serious, experienced gardeners ED HUME SEEDS PO Box 2450 Kent, WA 98032 Cat $0; veg. and orn. for cool-season growing in Pacific NW. INTERMOUNTAIN SEEDS P.O. Box Rexburg, ID 83440 Cat $0, PC. Veg., herb & flower seeds adapted to the cool night temperatures & short growing season of the Intermountain region Inter-State Nurseries P.O.Box 10 Louisiana, MO 63353-0010 1-800-325-4180 (central time) FAX 1-314-754-5290 ISLAND SEED MAIL ORDER PO Box 4278, Station A Victoria, BC V8X 3X8 CANADA Cat $2; good basic list for Pacific NW J.W. Jung Seed Company See Jung's JACKSON AND PERKINS Box 1028 Medford, OR 97501 mostly modern roses, a few other perennials; no seeds JOHN SCHEEPERS, INC P.O. Box 700 Bantam, CT 06750 203-567-0838 nice range of bulbs JERRY HORNE RARE PLANTS [CAT SASE] 10195 S.W. 70th St. [M.O. $10] Miami, FL 33173 (305) 270-1235 NO TELEPHONE ORDERS JOHNNY'S SELECTED SEEDS * Foss Hill Road Albion, ME 04910 Cat $0, PC/CC, OVER, SP: seeds for cool, short-season areas, esp. veg. JOHNSON SEED CO. 227 Ludwig Ave. Dousman, WI 53118 Cat. $0; heirloom and modern veg. seeeed. JUDE HERBS Box 563-CJ Huntington Station, NY 11746 JUNG (J.W.) SEED CO. * 335 South High Street Randolph, WI 53957 Cat $0, PC/CC KELLY NURSERIES Dansville, NY 12237 KESTER WILD GAME FOOD NURSERIES PO Box V Omro, WI 54963 Cat $2; Seeds, bulbs for species favored as food and cover by game species. KITAZAWA SEED CO. 1748 Lane Avenue Santa Clara, CA 95051 Cat $0; oriental veg and herb seeds. KRIDER NURSERIES PO Box 29 Middlebury, IN 46540 LAKELAND NURSERY SALES Unique Merchandise Mart Building 1 Hanover, PA Cat $0; An amazing exercise in off-the-wall "common names" and hype. Caution (and a large grain of salt) advised. LANDRETH SEED CO. * P.O. Box 6426 Baltimore, MD 21230 Cat $2, OVER. (established in 1784) LAMB NURSERIES E. 101 Sharp Ave. Spokane, WA 99202 509-328-7956 free LAURIE'S GARDEN 41886 McKenzie Highway Springfield, OR 97478 503-896-3756 1 stamp LAVAL SEEDS [=SEMENANCES LAVAL] 3505 Saint Martin West [=3505 Boulevard St-Martin Ouest] Ville de Laval, Que. Canada H7T 1A2 Cat. $0, good list of veg, orn, houseplant seeds. LE JARDIN DU GOURMET West Danville, VT 05873 Gourmet veg. seeds. LE MARCHE SEEDS INTERNATIONAL Box 566 Dixon, CA 95620 Gourrmet veg. seeds. LEDDEN (OROL) & SONS P.O. Box 7 Sewell, NJ 08080-0007 Cat $0, PC/CC cvs adapted for NE US; pasture, lawn, some heirlooms A.M. Leonard, Inc. P.O. Box 816 Piqua, OH 45356-0816 800-543-8955 Leonard is a supply house for professional nurseries and landscapers, so they have a wide selection of tools, though some supplies are only available in quantity. Liberty Seed Company PO Box 806 New Philadephia, OH 44663 216-364-1611 fax: 216-364-6415 interesting mix of veg and farm seeds, some flowers LOGEE'S GREENHOUSES [CAT $3] 55 North St. [Refunable] Danielson, CT 06269 [M.O. $15] (203) 774-8038 LONG ISLAND SEED COMPANY 1368 Flanders Road Flanders NY 11901 LOUISIANA NURSERY Rt. 7, Box 43 Opelousas, LA 70570 318-948-3696 $3.50 MAY (EARL) SEED & NURSERY *+ 208 North Elm Street Shenandoah, IA 51603 1-800-831-4193 (telephone) Cat $0, PC/CC old, established seed and nursery with usual range of veg, orn, trees and shrubs. McCLURE & ZIMMERMAN 108 W. Winnebago P.O. Box 368 Friesland, WI 53935 bulbs, esp. species and uncommon. McFAYDEN SEEDS PO Box 1800 Brandon, Manitoba R7A 6N4 Canada Cat $0; good selection of cvs for colder climates; also wine and beer-making supplies. Mc CRORY'S SUNNY HILL HERB FARM Star Route 3 Box 844 Eustis, FL 32726 Mellinger's, Inc. 2310 W. South Range Rd. North Lima, OH 44452-9731 1-800-321-7444 (telephone) 216-549-9861 Fax: 216-549-3716 Cat $0, PC/CC, OVER nursery stock, house plants, tools, pots, soil mixes, etc.; offers small quantities of commercial growers supplies that can be otherwise difficult to find. Messelaar Bulb Co. P.O. Box 269 Ipswich, MA 01938 Meyer Seed Co. 600 South Caroline St. Baltimore, MD 21231 Cat $0, PC/CC; specializes in seed for MD, northern VA. Michigan Bulb Co. 10 Bad Reviews; 1 Good Reveiw 1950 Waldorf N.W. Grand Rapids, MI 49550 Midwest Seed Growers, Inc. 505 Walnut St. Kansas City, MO 64106 MILEAGER'S GARDENS 4838 Douglas Avenue Racine, WI 53402-2498 1-800-669-9956 bulbs J.E. Miller Nurseries, Inc. 5060 West Lake Road Canandaigua, NY 14424 Miller-Bowie County Farmers Assn. P.O. Box 1110 Texarkana, TX 75502 Mini-Roses P.O. Box 4255, Sta. A Dallas, TX 75208 Mission Bell Gardens 2778 West 5600 So. Roy, UT 84067 MOHN'S INC P.O. Box 2301 Atascadero, CA 93423 2 stamps MOON MOUNTAIN WILDFLOWERS P.O. Box 34 Morro Bay, CA 93442 Moonshine Gardens P.O. Box 1019 Clearlake Oaks, CA 95423 Moosebell Flower, Fruit & Tree Co. Rt. 1, Box 240 St. Francis, ME 04774 Mt. Leo Nursery P.O. Box 135 McMinnville, TN 37110 Mountain Mist Nursery 23561 Vaughn Rd. Veneta, OR 97487 MOUNTAIN SEED & NURSERY P.O. Box 9107 Moscow, ID Cat $1 refundable, PC/CC, OVER, SP: seeds for cold short season areas Mountain Valley Seeds & Nursery 1798 N 1200 E. Logan, UT 84321 Mowbray Gardens 3318 Mowbray Lane Cincinnati, OH 45226 Mums by Paschke 11286 East Main Rd. North East, PA 16428 Musser Forests, Inc. P.O. Box 340 or S-91 M Indiana, PA 15710-0340 412-465-5685 fax: 412-465-9893 trees, esp. seedlings for reforestation Nationwide Seed & Supply 4801 Fegenbush Lane Louisville, KY 40228 Native Seed Foundation Star Route Moyie Springs, ID 83845 Native Seeds, Inc. 14590 Triadelphia Mill Rd. Dayton, MD 21306 NATIVE SEEDS/SEARCH 3950 W. New York Drive Tucson, AZ 85745 Cat $1; 200+ cvs of vegetable seed adapted to desert SW; organized by an ethnobotanist, so strong representation of seeds from native peoples (landraces). Strong book section. E. B. Nauman, Nurseryman 688 St. Davids Ln Schenectady NY 12309 New Mexico Desert Garden 10231 Belnap NW Albuquerque NM 87114 The New Peony Farm P.O. Box 18105 St. Paul MN 55118 New York State Fruit Testing Coop. Assn P.O. Box 462 Geneva NY 14456 Nichols Garden Nursery Inc. 1190 No. Pacific Highway Albany OR 97321 The subtitle on the front of their 72 page catalog is "herbs and rare seeds". Five pages of herb seeds and three pages of herb plants available certainly bear out the first half of this, and they do offer many rare and unusual seeds as well as hybrids, heirlooms and popular favorite open-pollinated varieties. As befits their location, they indicate which varieties do well in short and variable season areas. Other features include an oriental vegetable section, recipes scattered throughout the catalog, a "new and unusual" vegetable section, six pages of flowers and wildflowers, gardening and cooking tools, spices and herbal teas, books, and homebrew and winemaking supplies. The seed prices are in the 0.85 - 1.50 range depending of course on rarity, supply, etc. I enjoyed this catalog very much and, indeed, had an order from it ready about half an hour after I received it in the mail. NOEL'S GARDEN SEEDS R.D. #2K Oxford, NY 13830 Cat SASE, PC, SP: o.p. veg. for home gardeners in the Northeast. Nolin River Nut Tree Nursery 797 Port Wooden Rd. Upton KY 42784 Nor'East Miniature Roses 58 Hammond St. Rowley, MA 01969 North American Wildflowers 38 Hillside Ave. Atlantic Highlands NJ 07716 Northwoods Nursery 28696 S. Cramer Rd. Molalla OR 97038 (503) 651-3737 Nourse Farms Inc. RFD, Box 485 South Deerfield MA 01373 Nuccio's Nurseries P.O. Box 6160 Altadena CA 91001 Oak Hill Gardens Good recomemdation for Orchids P.O. Box 25 Dundee IL 60118-0025 (708) 428-8500 Oakes Daylillies Monday Road Rt. 4 Corryton TN 37721 615-689-3036 free Oakwood Daffodils 2330 W. Bertrand Rd. Niles MI 49120 Oikos 721 N. Fletcher Kalamazoo MI 49007-3077 OLDS SEED CO. * P.O. Box 7790 Madison, WI 53707 Cat $2.50 refundable, PC, OVER ONTARIO SEED CO, LTD Box 144 Waterloo, Ont. Canada N2J 3Z9 Orol Ledden & Sons, Inc. See: Ledden Orchids Bountiful 828 W. 3800 South Bountiful UT 84010 Orchids Royale P.O. Box 1289 Carpenteria CA 93013 Oregon Exotics 1065 Messinger Rd Grants Pass, OR 97527 Oregon Miniature Roses 8285 SW 185th Ave. Beaverton OR 97007 Orgel's Orchids 18950 S.W. 136th St., RR 2 Miami FL 33187 Richard Owen Nursery 2209 E. Oakland St. Bloomington IL 61701 Owens Orchids P.O. Box 365 Pisgah Forest NC 28768-0365 Pacific Berry Works P.O. Box 54 Bow WA 98232 PAGE SEED CO. P.O. Box 158 Greene, NY 13778 Cat $0, PC Panda Products P.O. Box 104 Fulton CA 95434 Park Seed Co. Inc. *+ P.O. Box 46 Cokesbury Roa Greenwood SC 29648-0046 Cat $0, PC/CC PEACE SEEDS 2385 S.E. Thompson St. Corvallis, OR 97333 Cat $3.50, PC/OC, OVER Peaceful Valley Farm Supply P.O.Box 2209 Grass Valley, CA 95945 Peekskill Nurseries Shrub Oak NY 10588 The Pepper Gal 10536 119th Ave. N. Largo FL 33543 Cat $0, PC Mails to US & Canada only. Seeds of over 200 cultivars of hot, sweet & ornamental peppers. Peter Pauls Nurseries RD #2 Canandaigua NY 14424 Piedmont Plant Co. P.O. Box 424 Albany GA 31703 Pinetree Garden Seeds R.R. 1, Box 397 New Gloucester ME 04260 Cat $0, PC/CC, OVER Good seeds (many op) in small packets at very reasonable prices; small selection of bulbs; pretty good book and tool selection. The Plant Shop's Botanical Gardens 18007 Topham St. Reseda CA 91335 Pony Creek Nursery Tilleda WI 54978 Porter & Son P.O. Box 104 Stephensville TX 76401-0104 Cat $0, good veg. list adapted to TX, lesser flower list. POWELL'S GARDENS Rt. 3,Box 21 Princeton, NC 27569 919-936-4421 $1.50 Protea Gardens of Maui R.R. 2 Box 389 Kula, Maui, HI 96790 Quailtree Nursery 11110 Harlan Rd. Eddyville OR 97343 Quality Dutch Bulbs P.O. Box 225 Hillsdale NJ 07642 RAFAL SPICE CO 2521 Russell St. Dept FC Detroit, MI 48207 RAINBOW GARDENS 1444 E. Taylor Street Vista, CA 92084 Cat $2; Epiphyllums and other succulents; good book list Raintree Nursery 391 Butts Road Morton WA 98356 Rayner Bros. P.O. Box 1617 Salisbury MD 21801 Reasoner's P.O. Box 1881 Oneco FL 33558 REATH'S NURSERY P.O.Box 512 100 Central Boulevard Vulcan, MI 49892 $1.00 REDWOOD CITY SEED CO. PO Box 361 Redwood City, CA 94064 Cat. $1; op veg, herb, dye plants Richters Canada's Herb Specialists Box 26 Goldwood, Ontario Canada L0C 1A0 Phone: (416) 640-6677 FAX: (416) 640-6641 Cat $2.50 Can, $4 US; extensive herb list, but also some veg and "useful plants"; organic pest controls and beneficial insects for Canadian shipment only. Rider Nurseries Rt. 2 Box 90A Farmington IA 52626 Riverbend Orchids 14220 Lorraine Rd. Biloxie, MS 39532 RONNINGER'S SEED POTATOES Star Route Moyie Springs, ID 83845 The Rose Garden & Mini Rose Nursery P.O. Box 560 Cross Hill SC 29332-0560 Rosehill Farm Gregg Neck Road Dalena MD 21635 Roses By Fred Edmonds 6235 S. W. Kahle Rd. Wilsonville OR 97070 Roses of Yesterday and Today 802 Brown's Valley Road Watsonville, CA 95076 (408) 724-3537 Roswell Seed Co. P.O. Box 725 Roswell NM 88201 Rupp Seeds, Inc. 5-17919 County Road 13 Wauseon OH 45367 S&H Organic Acres P.O. Box 757, 12125 Red Hills Rd. Newburg, OR 97132 St. Lawrence Nurseries R.D. 2, Route 345, Potsdam-Madrid Rd. Potsdam NY 13676 Santa Barbara Orchid Estate 1250 Orchid Drive Santa Barbara CA 93111 Savage Farms Nursery P.O. Box 125 McMinnville TN 37110 John Scheepers Inc. 63 Wall Street New York NY 10005 S. Scherer & Sons 104 Waterside Road Northport NY 11768 Schulz Cactus Gardens 1095 Easy St. Morgan Hill CA 95037 F. W. Schumacher Co. 36 Spring Hill Road Sandwich MA 02563-1023 Sea Breeze Orchids P.O. Box 1416 Bayville NY 11709 Seagulls Landing Orchids P.O. Box 388 Glen Head NY 11545 Seedway, Inc. P.O. Box 250 Hall NY 14463-0250 SEED SAVERS EXCHANGE Rt. 3, Box 239 Decorah, Iowa 52101 SEED SETS Dept. F 1130 Tetherow Rd Williams, OR 97544 SEEDS BLUM Idaho City Stage Boise, ID 83706 Cat $3, PC, OVER, SP: heirloom veg & flowers, listing over 1,000 varieties. SEEDWAY, INC Box 250 Hall, NY 14463 Sequoia Nursery-Moore Miniature Nurseries 2519 East Nobel Ave. Visalia CA 93277 SHADY MUSH HERB NURSERY Rt. 2 Surrett Cove Td. Leicester, NC 28748 Shanti Bithi Nursery 3047 High Ridge Road Stamford CT 06903 SHEPHERDS GARDEN SEEDS 7389 West Zayante Rd. Felton, CA 95018 SHUMWAY, R.H. P.O. Box 777 Rockford, IL 61105 R.H. SHUMWAY'S PO Box 1 Granitevillle, SC 29829 412-465-5685 fax: 412-465-9893 Seeds, including wholesale and bulk Siegers Seed Co. 245 Imlay City Rd. Imlay City MI 48444 SILVER LAKE SEEDS PO Box 4118, Suite E Highland Park, NJ 08904, Skyblue Nurseries P.O. Box 18061 St. Paul MN 55118-0061 Smith Nursery Co. P.O. Box 515 Charles City IA 50616 Smith and Hawken Bulb Book 25 Corte Madera Mill Valley, CA 94941 415-383-2000 Ask for 'Wilma Kay'for advice. No seeds, but bulbs, good tools, garden furbelows. Mostly expensive stuff for trendy gardeners, but they do have English tools. Soergel Greenhouses 2573 Brandt School Rd. Wexford PA 15090 Solomon Daylillies 105 County Club Rd. Newport News VA 23606 Sonoma Antique Apple Nursery 4395 Westside Road Healdsburg CA 95448 707-433-6420 South Florida Seed Supply 16361 Norris Road Loxahatchee FL 33470 SOUTHERN EXPOSURE SEED EXCHANGE P.O. Box 158 North Garden, VA 22959 SOUTHERN SEEDS P.O. Box 2091 Melbourne, FL 32902 1-800-356-1631 Cat $1, PC, OVER, SP: o.p. veg. for tropical & subtropical areas. Also banana corms, papaya seed & chayote squash fruits for planting. Southmeadow Fruit Gardens 15310 Red Arrow Highway Lakeside MI 49116 Specialty Seeds P.O. Box 842 Lompoc CA 93436 SPRING HILL 110 W. Elm St. Tipp City, OH 45371 309-691-4616 mostly flowers Spring Hill Nurseries Co. P.O. Box 1758 Peoria IL 61656 Square Root Nursery 4764 Deuel Rd. Canandaigua NY 14424 Squaw Mountain Gardens 36212 S.E. Squaw Mtn. Road Estacada OR 97023 Stanley & Sons Nursery, Inc. 11740 S.E. Orient Dr. Boring OR 97009 Stark Bro's Nurseries & Orchards Co. Highway 54 West Louisiana MO 63353-0010 Stocking Rose Nursery 785 N. Capitol Ave. San Jose CA 95133 Stokes Seed Co. P.O. Box 548 Buffalo NY 14240 Cat $0, PC/CC, OVER Sunnyslope Gardens 8638 Huntington Dr. San Gabriel CA 91775 SUNRISE ENTERPRISES P.O. Box 10058 Elmwood, CT 06110 Sunshine Caladium Farms P.O. Box 905 Sebring FL 33870 Sunswept Laboratories P.O. Box 1913 Studio City CA 91604 SUTTON SEEDS Hele Road Torquay Devon, TQ2 7QJ ENGLAND Cat $0; UK equivalent of Burpees; good selection of "old fashioned flowers" and rock garden species. T&T SEEDS PO Box 1710 Winnipeg, Manitoba R3C 3P6 Canada Cat $1; cvs adapted esp. for cold prairies and plains region. TAYLORS HERB GARDENS INC 1535 Lone Oak Rd Vista, CA 92083 Territorial Seed Co. P.O. Box 27 Lorane OR 97451 Thomasville Nurseries P.O. Box 7 Thomasville GA 31799-0007 Thompson & Morgan P.O. Box 1308 Jackson, NJ 08527 or Box 1308, Dept SP6 Jackson, NJ 08527 Cat $0; amazing (by US standards) selection of veg, orn., greenhouse species; US arm of British firm. Beginners may want the catalog just to ogle, but many of the species are not for novices.
Tillinghast Seed Co. P.O. Box 738 La Conner WA 98257 TINMOUTH CHANNEL FARM PO Box 428B Tinmouth, VT 05773 Tiny Petals Nursery 489 Minot Ave Chula Vista CA 92010 Tomato Growers Supply Co. P.O. Box 2237 Fort Myers FL 33902 Remarkable variety of tomato and pepper seeds, incl. both hybrids and heirloom varieties. (185 tomato cultivars) The Tomato Seed Company, Inc. P.O. Box 323 Metuchen NJ 08840 Tradewinds Nursery P.O. Box 70 Calpella CA 95418 Trans Pacific Nursery 29870 Mill Creek Rd. Sheridan OR 97378 Transplant Nursery Parketown Road Lavonia GA 30553 Tripple Brook Farm 37 Middle Road Southampton MA 01073 Tropical Imports 43714 Road 415 Coarsegold CA 93614 TROPICAL SEEDS P.O. Box 11122 Honolulu, HI 96828 Cat $1 refundable, PC, OVER. Seeds of exotic tropical flowering trees, palms, papayas, Maui onions. Also veg. cultivars developed at Univ. of Hawaii. Tsang & Ma P.O. Box 294 Belmont CA 94002 Cat $0; oriental herbs, veg, cooking supplies. TWILLEY SEED CO. PO Box 65 Trevose, PA 19047 Cat $0; strongest in hybrid veg. seeds for every region. TyTy Plantation P.O. Box 159 TyTy, GA 31795 UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII SEED PROGRAM Department of Horticulture 3190 Maile Way, Room 112 Honolulu, HI 96822 Cat $0, PC, OVER. Veg. & fruit cultivars developed at the Univ. of Hawaii for tropical areas. Valley Creek Nursery P.O. Box 364 Three Oaks MI 49128 K. Van Bourgondien & Sons, Inc. Wholesale Qtys Good Review - 1 245 Farmingdale Rd. Bad - 2 P.O. Box A Babylon NY 11702 The phone number is 800-873-9444. Van Engelen Inc. 307 Maple St. Litchfield CT 06759 VanWell Nursery Inc. P.O. Box 1339 Wenatchee WA 98801 Veldheer Tulip Gardens 12755 Quincy St. Holland MI 49424 Vermont Bean Seed Co. Garden Lane Fair Haven VT 05743 heirloom beans, and modern hybrid veg. Vermont Wildflower Farm Route 7 Charlotte VT 05445 VESEY'S SEEDS York P.E.I. Canada COA 1PO MARY WALKER BULB CO. Box 256 Omega, GA 31775 Wavecrest Nursery & Landscaping Co. 2509 Lakeshore Dr. Fennville MI 49408 Waynesboro Nurseries P.O. Box 987, Route 664 Waynesboro VA 22980 WAYSIDE GARDENS 1 Garden Lane Hodges, SC 29695-0001 1-800-845-1124 bulbs, perennials, shrubs, trees, roses WEEKS (CHRISTOPHER E.) PEPPERS P.O. Box 3207 Kill Devil Hills, NC 27498 Cat $0, PC, SP: hot peppers WELL-SWEEP HERB FARM 317 Mr. Bethel Rd. Port Murray, NJ. 07865 Ken West Orchids P.O. Box 1332 Pahoa HI 96778 Whistling Wings Farms Inc. 427 West Street Biddeford ME 04005 WHITE FLOWER FARM Litchfield, CT 06759-0050 1-800-888-7756 Cat $5, CC, PC, SP: bulbs, perennials, shrubs, trees catalogs are excellent references, good reading! WILD AND CRAZY SEED CO PO Box 895 Durango, CO 81302 WILDFLOWER PATCH 442CJ Brookside Walnut Port, PA 18088 Gildbert H. Wild & Son Inc. P.O. Box 338 1112 Joplin St. Sarcoxie, MO 64862-0338A 417-548-3514 or 351 Wilk Orchid Specialists P.O. Box 1177 45-212 Nohonani Pl. Kaneohe HI 96744 Willhite Seed Co. P.O. Box 23 Poolville TX 76076 Nancy Wilson Species & Miniature Narcissus 571 Woodmont Ave. Berkeley CA 94708 Wilton's Organic Seed Potatoes P.O. Box 28 Aspen CO 81612 Womack Nursery Co. Rt. 1, Box 80 DeLeon TX 76444 Wright Iris Nursery 6583 Pacheco Pass Highway Gilroy CA 95020 Wyatt-Quarles Seed Co. P.O. Box 739 Garner, NC 27529 SP: SE US regional cvs. (Dr.) YOO FARM PO Box 290 College Park, MD 20740 Cat $0; oriental veg. seeds and Japanese mushroom spawn. Good cultural information. Article 20227 of rec.gardens: Path: samba.oit.unc.edu!concert!rutgers!uwm.edu!vixen.cso.uiuc.edu!newsrelay.iastate.edu!iscsvax.uni.edu!klier From: [email protected] Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: Tomato problems FAQL Message-ID: <[email protected]> Date: 22 Jul 93 23:19:36 GMT Organization: University of Northern Iowa Lines: 339
Here's a first draft of a tomato disease FAQ, with "cures" restricted to "organic" (sensu lato) means. As always, questions, comments, additions, brickbats, etc., should be sent to me. Kay Klier [email protected] _________________ Common tomato diseases and problems General comments: there are many cultivars that are resistant to common tomato problems: often after a name you'll see a series of letters like "VFFNT", which means this cultivar is resistant to verticillium wilt, fusarium races 1 & 2, nematodes, and tobacco mosaic virus. These resistant cultivars are good choices if you must grow tomatoes in the same area year after year. If you can, rotate growing areas every 3 years, and don't grow related crops (eggplant, potato, pepper, in the same areas in your rotation). Practice good sanitation. Keep the weeds out, the rotten tomatoes and old plants picked up and composted, etc. If you smoke tobacco, both you and your tomatoes will be better off if you quit (tobacco mosaic virus is a major problem for the tomatoes), but if you must smoke or chew tobacco, wash your hands thoroughly before handling tomato plants. Finally, grow several cultivars of tomatoes. When you don't put all your eggs in one genetic basket, you stand a much better chance of getting a good harvest.
Insects: Colorado Potato Beetles: Oval, hard-shelled adult beetle is about 1 cm (3/8") long, with alternating black and yellow stripes on wing case. Larvae are sluggish, red, humpbacked grubs with two rows of black spots on each side of the body. Foliage feeders, may strip plants if population is large. Control by 1ft of loose mulch under plants, interplanting with flax, marigolds, garlic, snap or bush beans. Eggplant and black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthemum = S. nigrum of American authors) are favored foods and can be used as trap or lure crops. Handpick adults and crush yellow eggs found on underside of leaves of tomatoes. Other controls: Bacillus thuringensis var. San Diego, Thripobius semiluteus, pyrethrins, or rotenone/pyrethrin mixtures. Corn earworm (=Tomato fruitworm, bollworm): More of a pest in the south... 3.5 cm (1.75 ") long green, brown or pink moth caterpillar with light stripes along sides and back. Eats holes in fruits and buds. Handpicking or rotenone for control, or pheromone traps, Bacillus thuringensis, ryania, or insecticidal oils. Cutworms: Several species, usually gray or brownish grubs up to 3 cm (1.5") long. Mainly a spring problem. Control: Clean cultivations, collars of plastic, tin, juice cans, or paper wrapped around stem at planting. Bacillus thuringensis. European Corn Borer: Occasional pest. Moves to tomatoes if nearby corn dies. Flea beetles: Many species, most notable for leaving small "pepper holes" in leaves. Garlic spray reputed to control the beetles. I've never had major damage from them. Psyllid yellows: A disease caused by feeding of tomato or potato psyllid nymphs, due to a toxin released in feeding. These look like fringed scales that change from yellow to orange to green. Older leaves thicken and roll upward at the base; veins may turn purplish. Younger leaves may curl. Plants may be dwarfed, stems and petioles may be skinny. Control by removing ground cherry and other solanaceous weeds. Tobacco Hornworm: Similar to tomato hornworm, but green and black horn. Same controls. Tomato Hornworm: Larvae of a species of Sphinx moth. Green caterpillar, to 6 cm (4") long, with white diagonal side stripes and a prominent red horn on the head. Handpick. Bacillus thuringensis will kill hornworms, but I do not recommend this: several species of Sphinx are pollinators of endangered native orchids, or are endangered themselves Braconid wasp parasites are becoming commercially available, again, I feel these should not be used because they are non-selective killers. Handpicking is easy and effective, or you can make exclosures of netting around plants. Dill makes a good trap crop. Rotenone and Trichograma wasps are other controls. Whitefly: Tiny, white flying insects that fly up to make a cloud when an infested plant is disturbed. Control: Insecticidal soaps, Encarsia formosa (a parasite), yellow sticky traps, row covers, insecticidal oils, or rotenone/pyrethrin mixtures. (You need at least 300 sq inches of sticky trap per 8 tomato plants.) Physiological Problems ("diseases" caused by culture and environment): Blossom drop: Usually caused by dry soils, and drying winds, but may be caused by sudden cold spells, heavy rains, N overdose, or heavy infections by bacteria or fungi. Blossom end rot: See Calcium deficiency below. End of fruit away from stem gets soft, mushy. Generally caused by a combination of drought and drown water availability, calcium mobilization problems. Cure: mulch to smooth out soil water availability; water in drought periods. See also Calcium deficiency below. Fruit crack: Surface cracks in fruits near stem end caused by rapid growth during periods of good moisture and high temperatures. Cracks can radiate around stem or encircle "shoulders" of tomato. May vary in depth. No cure, but even moisture (mulch!) will help prevent periods of slow and rapid growth. Pick fruits with rapidly developing cracks early (not fully reddened) to prevent Early Blight and other fruit rots. Leaf roll: Rolling begins on lower leaves and proceeds upwards until most leaves are affected. Plants may lose leaves, particularly on staked plants. Seems to be caused by heavy pruning or deep, close cultivation. Sunscald: Occurs when green tomatoes are exposed to sun, most commonly in hot, dry weather on plants with leaf spot diseases or other defoliation. Boron deficiency: Blackened areas at tip of stem, which is stunted. Abnormally bushy looking plants. Terminal shoots curl, yellow and die. Fruit of severely affected plants may darken and die in patchy patterns. Cure: a handful of borax (not boraxo soap!) worked into the soil around each plant. Calcium deficiency: Thick woody stems, slow growth, yellow upper leaves (not yellow lower leaves seen in N, P or K deficiency), weak, flabby plants. Blossom end rot of fruit. Cure: Correct Ca/Mg balance, (dolomitic limestone and a little Epsom salts help), mulch to retard plant water fluctuations that seem to bring on blossom end rot. Copper deficiency: Stunted root and shoot growth, blue-green curled, flabby leaves, few or no flowers. Manure is an easy cure; copper salts can be used with great caution (in too high a quantity, they can kill plants.) Bordeaux mixture applied at fungicidal rates will work. Iron deficiency: Spotted white areas on new leaves and upper parts of stem. New shoots may die if severely deficient. Apply chelated iron, dried blood, manure, or sewage sludge. Manganese deficiency: Very slow growth; light green leaves with dead patches ringed in yellow. Few flowers or fruit. Use manure. Nitrogen deficiency: Very slow growth of plants, followed by progressive pale green color moving from tip and young leaves back to more mature leaves. Leaves are small, thin, perhaps with purple veins. Stems eventually brown and dry off. Flower buds yellow and drop. Apply N immediately. Too much nitrogen: Rapid growth, with many bright, light green leaves; poor flowering and fruiting. Stop fertilizing immediately with N, add P and K. Phosphorus deficiency: Slow growth, purple tinged small leaves that feel fibrous. Fruit set delayed. Add P. Zinc deficiency: Very long, narrow, yellowed leaves mottled with dead spots. Manure is simplest cure. Fungus diseases Most can be treated with Bordeaux Mixture, Kocide micronized copper, copper dust, and sulfur sprays and dusts. Anthracnose: Primarily affects ripe fruit, causes a slight, sunken spot rot (early symptoms are a round sunken spot on the fruit skin, about 2-4 mm diameter). Most prominent in hot Augusts with high temps and humidity or heavy dews. Fungus can overwinter on vines, or can be seedborne. Rotations and treating seeds with 122oF water for 15 minutes can help control. Also Bordeaux mixture. Botrytis fruit rot: More of a problem with greenhouse tomatoes when grown cool in humid conditions. "Water soaked" spots in the fruit that enlarge rapidly and become covered with powdery grey spores. Raise heat, reduce humidity. Buckeye rot: Large, dark brown soft spots on greenhouse fruits. Mulch plants, sterilize soils. Damping off: Seedlings suddenly "pinch in" at the soil line and keel over. Well drained, sterile soil for sowing is the key to control. Early blight: Irregular brown spots with a "bullseye" pattern on lower leaves of plants. Spots enlarge to 4-9 mm (0.25 - 0.5"), then coalesce. Affected leaves turn brown, drop. Stem spotting and stem girdling or fruit rot (near stem) may occur late in season. Rotation and good sanitation practices (including removing horsenettle, jimsonweed, groundcherry and nightshade) are recommended controls. Also Bordeaux mixture. Fusarium wilt: ("yellows") One of the most common and damaging diseases. Generally not damaging unless soil and air temperatures are high in much of the season. Slight yellowing of a single leaf, or slight wilting of the lower leaves is followed by an overall yellowing. Brown discoloration of vascular tissues in stem or petioles of wilted leaves is common. Choose Fusarium resistant cultivars, grow in clean soil, rotate crops, destroy vines at end of the summer. Nematode infection increases risk of fusarium infection. Ghost Spot: Same fungus as Gray mold. Small whitish rings, 1-3 mm diameter, on green tomatoes. Warmer, drier conditions control. Gray Leaf Spot: More common in SE states. Also on peppers, eggplants, ground cherries, etc. Dark brown spots on underside of leaves in warm, humid weather. Affected leaves turn yellow, wither, drop. Serious infections will keep plants from fruiting. Bordeaux mixture will treat. Gray Mold: Heavy gray growth on dead leaves or stems at the base of the plants. Tan markings appear on stems, gray spots on live leaves, and gray or yellow soft spots on the fruits. Usually a spring disease that will let up in higher temperatures or lower humidities. Late Blight: Severe defoliation following irregular greenish-black, watersoaked spots on older leaves. In humid weather, there may be a white, downy growth on spots. Plants may look "frosted". Fruits can be affected at any stage; lesions are large, dark, firm, rough patches. Most common at night temperatures of 4060ooF, day temps of 70-80. May spread from infected potato plants. Bordeaux mixture will treat. Leaf Mold: Usually greenhouse disease, but sometimes outdoors. White spots appear on surface of older leaves, enlarging and yellowing. With humidity, patches become velvety and olive-green. Control with good ventilation, temperatures > 60oF. Septoria leaf spot (Septoria blight): Common in Atlantic, Central states, and Southern Plains states. Most severe in rainy seasons, crowded patches. Usually not seen before mid-July. Older leaves have many, small, watersoaked spots, usually 1-2mm diameter. Leaves may drop, and progressive defoliation may occur. Clean cultivation, clean up at the end of season, and staying out of wet tomato patches (you can spread the spores) help. Can be treated with Bordeaux mixture. Soil rot fungus: Also a Pythium rot, like damping off. Slightly sunken brown spots on fruit, outlined with concentric rings. Spots enlarge, and may break open. Keep tomato vines and fruits off soil. Spotted wilt: Numerous small, dark, circular dead spots on younger leaves. Stem tips may be dark streaked and die back. May kill plants; survivors will have yellowish leaves and fruits with concentric, circular marks. Disease can be shared with lettuce, tomato, celery, spinach, peppers and potatoes. Bacterial diseases Bacterial canker: Usually first symptoms are wilting of margins of lower leaves, often on only one side of leaf; leaves curl upward, turn brown, wither and die. Petioles remain attached to stem, which helps distinguish this from Fusarium and Verticillium wilts. Plants may have a single affected shoot, though dying will continence up the stem, and pith becomes yellow and mealy. Open stem cankers develop. Fruit may be affected with small raised, white dots 2-4 mm diameter, which later become white birdseyes with brown centers. Fruit may be stunted or deformed. This is a seedborne disease, commonest in home-saved or uninspected seed. Can be prevented by a 25 min seed soak in 122oF water, or fermenting the seeds in crushed tomato pulp 96 hours, or soaking in 50-50 mixture of vinegar and water for 24 hours. Bacterial spot: Common in rainy seasons. Small dark, greasy-looking leaf spots may be followed by flower drop and/or water-soaked spots 2-4 mm diameter on young green fruits. Soil borne disease. Bacterial wilt: Commonest in southern states. Rapid wilting and death of entire plant without yellowing or spotting of leaves. Stem crosssections of wilted plants will be dark, watersoaked and have a grayish exudate when squeezed. Institute 5 year rotations, avoiding including pepper, tobacco, eggplant or potatoes in rotation. Remove affected plants as soon as problem is noticed. Virus diseases: Curly top: (western yellow blight) Caused by the same virus as curly top of sugar beets. Seems to be carried by beet leafhopper. Main symptoms are curling and twisting of leaves of affected plants. Prevention is planting at times that may avoid high leafhopper populations, or excluding insects with row covers. Mosaics: Common mosaic, tobacco mosaic, Aucuba mosaic and cucumber mosaic can all infect tomatoes. Mottles areas of light and dark green on leaves, sometimes appearing puckered, or malformation of leaflets, or yellow mottling of leaves, or stunted yellow, bushy plants can be seen with these diseases. Control by avoiding handling plants (esp. by people who handle tobacco), removing perennial weeds, esp. pokeweed, catnip and milkweeds. Aphids can transmit mosaic viruses. Seedlings can be dipped or sprayed with milk at least twice if they are suspected of being infected. OK, folks, what have I forgotten?
Kay Klier Biology Dept UNI
From [email protected] Apr 9 21:48:09 1995 Date: Wed, 8 Mar 1995 13:43:23 -0800 From: Brian Lo Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: FAQ: Turnips TURNIPS Brassica rapa (Rapifera Group) VARIETIES (approximately 60 days for roots, 30 days for greens) Purple Top White Globe; hybrids for trial: Royal Globe II Hybrid, Royal Crown; all white hybrids for trial: Tokyo Cross, White Lady. Club root resistant, for trial: York. Greens: Shogoin, Seven Top, Topper, All Top (see seperate file on turnip greens). SEED COMPANIES Abbott & Cobb Inc. POB F307, Feasterville, PA 19047 Asgrow Seed Company, POB 5038, Salinas CA 93915 Elsoms Seeds Ltd. Spalding, Lincolnshire, England PE11 1QG Ferry-Morse Seed Co. POB 4938, 555 Codoni Ave. Modesto, CA 95352 Harris Moran Seed Co. 3670 Buffalo Rd. Rochester, NY 14624 Johnny's Selected Seeds, Foss Hill Rd. Albion, ME 04910 La Marche Seeds International, POB 190, Dixon, CA 95620 Nickerson-Zwaan Seed Co. POB 1787, Gilroy, CA 95021 Northrup King Co. Vegetable Seed Group, POB 1827, Gilroy, CA 95021 Royal Sluis Inc. 1293 Harkins Rd. Salinas, CA 93901 Sakata Seed America Inc. Morgan Hill, CA Sluis & Groot of America Inc. 124 Griffin Street, Salinas, CA 93901 Stokes Seeds Inc. POB 548, Buffalo, NY 14240 W. Osborne Seed Co. Int'l. 1679 Highway 99 South, Mount Vernon, WA 98273 Zenner Bros. Seed Co., Inc. 1311 S.E. Gideon St. Portland, OR 97202 SOIL Use deep loam or sandy loam soil types that have good drainage. It is desirable to have a good amount of organic matter in the soil as well. SEED AND SEED TREATMENT Turnip seed numbers approximately 192,000 per pound. Use hot-water and fungicide treated seed to protect against several serious seed borne diseases. Hot water seed treatments are very specific (122 F exactly, for 25 to 30 minutes; the wet seed then quickly cooled and dried). The seed treatments are best done by the seed company, and can usually be provided upon request. PLANTING AND SPACINGS For summer harvest plant as early in the spring as possible. For later harvests plant up to the 7th of June. Seed 1 to 2 lbs seed/acre at a depth of 1/2 to l in. Space rows 1-3 ft. apart and plants within the row 2-6 inches apart. Turnip seed is easy to precision plant and germinates readily. No pelleting is necessary with precision planters. When these planters are used, adjust the seeding rate considering plant stand desired, seed count per pound and germination percentage. FERTILIZER A soil test is the most accurate guide to fertilizer requirements. The following recommendations are general guidelines. Manure - If manure is available, apply the year before and not in the year of seeding. At time of seeding, band 2 in. to the side of the seed, at a depth of 2 inches below the seed, the following: Nitrogen: 50-75 (N) lb./acre Phosphate: 100-150 (P2 O5) lb./acre Potash: 80-150 (K2 O) lb./acre Boron: Broadcast and disc in 2-4 lb./acre of boron prior to planting. If additional boron is required, use Solubor or Borospray at l/2 to l lb./acre when turnips are l in. in diameter. IRRIGATION Water uniformly for best shape and quality. Turnips may require from 812 inches of water depending on planting date, seasonal variation and variety. Soil type does not affect the amount of total water needed, but does dictate frequency of water application. Lighter soils need more frequent water applications, but less water applied per application. HARVESTING, HANDLING, AND STORAGE Turnip yields are approximately 300 cwt./acre. Handle roots with care during harvest to reduce injury and rots during storage. Store only healthy roots as indicated below. STORAGE (quoted form USDA Ag. Handbook # 66): Store turnips at 32 F and 95% relative humidity. Topped turnips require storage conditions similar to those for topped carrots. Turnips in good condition can be expected to keep 4 to 5 months at 32 F and high relative humidity. At higher temperatures (40 F and above) decay will develop much more rapidly than at 32 f. Injured or bruised turnips should not be stored. Turnips should be stored in slatted crates or bins, and good air circulation around containers should be provided. Packaging turnips in perforated plastic bags helps keep the humidity high around the roots during marketing and reduces shriveling. Dipping turnips in hot melted paraffin was gives a glossy appearance and is of some value in reducing moisture loss during handling. However, waxing is primarily to aid in marketing and is not recommended before long-term storage.
PACKAGING Topped turnips are commonly packaged in 25 lb. film bags; 50 lb. film and mesh bags; or 24 pound cartons holding 24 film bags, 1 pound each. PEST CONTROL FOR TURNIPS THE PESTICIDES LISTED BELOW, TAKEN FROM THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST PEST CONTROL HANDBOOKS, ARE FOR INFORMATION ONLY, AND ARE REVISED ONLY ANNUALLY. BECAUSE OF CONSTANTLY CHANGING LABELS, LAWS, AND REGULATIONS, OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY CAN ASSUME NO LIABILITY FOR THE CONSEQUENCES OF USE OF CHEMICALS SUGGESTED HERE. IN ALL CASES, READ AND FOLLOW THE DIRECTIONS AND PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS ON THE SPECIFIC PESTICIDE PRODUCT LABEL. USE PESTICIDES SAFELY! Wear protective clothing and safety devices as recommended on the label. Bathe or shower after each use. Read the pesticide label--even if you've used the pesticide before. Follow closely the instructions on the label (and any other directions you have). Be cautious when you apply pesticides. Know your legal responsibility as a pesticide applicator. You may be liable for injury or damage resulting from pesticide use.
WEED CONTROL Cultivate as often as necessary when weeds are small. Proper cultivation, field selection and rotations can reduce or eliminate the need for chemical weed control. THE WEED TREATMENTS LISTED BELOW ARE TAKEN FROM THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST WEED CONTROL HANDBOOK, AND ARE FOR INFORMATION ONLY. CONSULT PRODUCT LABELS FOR CURRENTLY LEGAL REGISTRATIONS, RATES, AND COMPLETE INSTRUCTIONS. WEED MANAGEMENT GENERAL STRATEGY Weed suppression in crucifers begins by rotating crops that involve different weed control practices or herbicides to disrupt weed life cycles. Row spacings and plant densities vary to achieve head size depending on the market and to suppress weeds. Early season weed control comprises application of an herbicide and/or cultivation(s). ______________________________________________________________________________ STALE SEEDBEDS FOR VEGETABLE PRODUCTION Stale seedbeds are sometimes used for vegetable production when other selective weed control practices are limited or unavailable. The concept depends on controlling the first flush of emerged weeds before planting or emergence of the crop followed by minimal soil disturbance which reduces subsequent weed flushes during establishment of the crop. Following establishment, other weed control practices including cultivation or use of other herbicides can be used. 1. Prepare a seedbed, preferably 2 to 3 weeks before planting to achieve maximum weed seed germination near the soil surface. Soil temperatures and moisture must be reasonable or results will be erratic. 2. Plant the crop with minimum soil disturbance. Otherwise, new weed seed will be exposed to favorable germinating conditions. 3. Just before or after planting but before crop emergence, treat the field by flaming or with herbicide to kill all germinated or exposed weeds. Weed Treatment Active Ingredient Per Acre and Application Comments -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Flaming Use liquid propane or similar fuel-burning equipment to quickly sear the weeds, but not consume them with flame. ______________________________________________________________________________ PREEMERGENCE DCPA 4.5 to 9 lb ai/A Dacthal Performs erratically west of Cascades. Elsewhere, apply immediately after seeding or transplanting. Results can be improved if rainfall or overhead irrigation occurs immediately after application. Consult label for planting sensitive crops within 8 months. (Inhibits mitosis). ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
INSECT CONTROL Proper rotations and field selection can minimize problems with insects. THE PESTICIDES LISTED BELOW ARE TAKEN FROM THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST INSECT CONTROL HANDBOOK, AND ARE FOR INFORMATION ONLY. CONSULT PRODUCT LABELS ARE CURRENTLY LEGAL REGISTRATIONS, RATES AND COMPLETE INSTRUCTIONS. Insect and Description Control, Active Ingredient Per Acre --------------------------------------------------------------------------Aphids including malathion - 2 lb Cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae diazinon - 0.5 lb Turnip aphid Hyadaphis pseudobrassicae Phosdrin - 0.25 lb Both species closely resemble Metasystox-R - 0.5 lb each other. Gray, mealy plant lice form colonies. dimethoate - 0.25 lb Dibrom - 1 to 1.5 lb Pyrellin - 1 to 2 pt --------------------------------------------------------------------------Flea beetles, including diazinon - 0.5 lb Phyllotreta cruciferae methoxychlor - 2.25 lb Small, shiny, steel-blue jump- ing beetle. Frequently attacks carbaryl - 1 lb and destroys seedlings. Pyrellin - 1 to 2 pt --------------------------------------------------------------------------Cabbage maggot Lorsban 4E - 0.05 to 0.86 lb Delia brassicae ai/1000 row ft. White legless larvae feed on Lorsban 15G - 0.69 to 1.38 lb roots. ai/1000 row ft. --------------------------------------------------------------------------Diamondback moth diazinon - 0.5 lb Plutella maculipennis methoxychlor - 1 lb Gray or brown moth with white margins on forewing. When Bacillus thuringiensis - 1 to 2 qt folded, white margins form dia- Apply with appropriate spreadermond. Larvae are pale yellow- sticker. ish-green in color with finely scattered erect black hairs. permethrin - 0.05 to 0.1 lb --------------------------------------------------------------------------Wireworms Telone II or C-17 - preplant Brown, jointed larvae of click diazinon 14G - 3 to 4 lb beetles. Chew holes in edible roots. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
DISEASE CONTROL Proper rotations, field selection, sanitation, spacings, fertilizer and irrigation practices can reduce the risk of many diseases. Fields can be tested for presence of harmful nematodes. Using seed from reputable seed sources reduces risk from seed born diseases. THE PESTICIDES LISTED BELOW ARE TAKEN FROM THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST DISEASE CONTROL HANDBOOK, AND ARE FOR INFORMATION ONLY. CONSULT PRODUCT LABELS FOR CURRENTLY LEGAL REGISTRATIONS, RATES AND COMPLETE INSTRUCTIONS. TURNIP - BORON DEFICIENCY Cause: Deficiency of boron in the soil and subsequent deficiency in the turnip plant. All vegetables require boron for growth but vary considerably in the amount required. Symptoms: Leaves - May or may not show abnormalities. Leaves may turn reddish in color. If deficiency is severe, both roots and leaves may be stunted. The leaves may be twisted and curled and finally die. Roots - Glassiness or water core of the root flesh followed by internal gray, punky flecks or spots that later change to brown or black areas. Control: Since the amount needed to correct boron deficiency varies so widely in different areas, and since boron if used in excessive amounts can act as a soil sterilant, check with your county extension agent or processor field person for local recommendations. However, where boron deficiency has been a problem, particularly in alkaline soils, one or two foliar applications of soluble boron are recommended. --------------------------------------------------------------------------TURNIP - BLACK ROOT ROT Cause: Aphanomyces raphani and Rhizoctonia solani, fungi. The organisms overwinter in the soil and on diseased plant residue in the soil. Symptoms: Aphanomyces raphani invades the fine rootlets of the young seedlings and develops resting spores in large numbers within the roots. On the main taproot dark surface lesions develop which turn grayish with age. These enlarge into grayish-black discolored areas of irregular size and shape just beneath the root surface. The main root may be girdled and growth of the plant interrupted until new roots are formed above the girdle. Systemic infection occurs occasionally, resulting in darkened vascular tissue within a normal appearing root. Control: 1. Where possible, avoid planting any of the crucifers on the same land for 3 or more years. 2. Growers have obtained good control using fumigants containing a combination of chloropicrin and methyl bromide sealed with plastic tarp. Residues: Use 82.5 to 115.5 lb actual chloropicrin plus 167.5 to 234.5 lb actual methyl bromide/A with a plastic seal. --------------------------------------------------------------------------TURNIP - CLUB ROOT Cause: Plasmodiophora brassicae; this organism survives indefinitely in infested soil. Symptoms: Injured diseased plants are chlorotic, later turning a yellowish color, and are slow in growth and development. They often partially wilt during warm days. Beneath the fleshy turnip root, enlarged clublike growths develop. These ultimately become infected with secondary bacteria, rot, and break down. Control: 1. The European rutabaga variety, `Marian' is tolerant to club root as is the turnip variety `York'. 2. High applications of lime have been used on infested soil. This material apparently retards the development of the causal fungus. See Cabbage--Club Root for lime rates. --------------------------------------------------------------------------TURNIP - POWDERY MILDEW Cause: Erysiphe polygoni, a fungus. This organism is perpetuated from year to year on turnip and rutabaga refuse and other hosts including weeds. Symptoms: A powdery, whitish-gray coloring consisting of the fungus and fungus spores of the mildew develops on infected leaves. In the advanced stages, the leaves are distorted, twisted, and retarded in growth. They ultimately turn yellow and die. Control: Sulfur dust or wettable sulfur sprays (6 lb in 100 gal water) are the best fungicidal controls. Residues: Sulfur-no time limitations. --------------------------------------------------------------------------TURNIP - SEED TREATMENT Aids in control of black rot, Alternaria leaf spot, and black leg. Thiram - Follow product directions. Captan - Follow product directions. When Pythium is a problem, use Anchor flowable at 1.5 fl oz/cwt seed or Ridomil at 4 to 8 pt/A either incorporated preplant or as a postplant/preemergence application. See label for further information. Note: Where black leg is a problem, soak seed in hot water, 122 F for 25 minutes. Dry. Just before planting, use treatments listed above. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
-------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- This information was prepared by the Oregon State University Extension Service from Oregon and Pacific NW publications as well as other vegetable production guidelines from public institutions in the U.S. and Canada. These guidelines are intended as a general guide for Oregon commercial vegetable producers. Address comments or questions to your County Extension Agent or Dr. N. S. Mansour, Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 9733l. --------------------------------------------------- µ€.Ÿ..µ faqupdate.001µ‚seedcatsµƒ.cacheµ„¬.cache+½.Ÿ..½mail-order-plants½poisonous-plants½°seedcats.faqFrom: [email protected] Newsgroups: rec.gardens Subject: To Spray or Not to Spray? Date: 16 Jul 94 07:44:54 -0500 We've talked a lot on this group this year about use of various controls for plant pests... everything from Bacillus thuringensis, to soap and water, to malathion, nicotine, sevin, and arsenic.... what I've not seen discussed is *what level* of damage is needed before you start applying some of these controls (esp. insect controls). My point of view is that there should be no controls (except cultural controls like mixed plantings, and the proper soils, water, light and fertilization) until you have good evidence that the problem will be reaching "crisis", and you really need to do something. Until you've reached this threshhold, don't do anything... so what if you have a few holes in your bean leaves, or a squash borer... if you've planted enough to allow for some crop damage, why create a surplus? Chances are, if there hasn't been a great deal of spraying in your neighborhood, that natural enemies of the pests are going to move in and feast when the pest population gets big enough. If, however, things are getting out of hand, try some hand picking, high pressure water sprays, pruning, or other "basics" as a first resort in reducing pest populations. Don't get out the "big guns" until you really know you need them. Why? 1) Most pesticides, unless applied in a very targeted way, are not specific; thus, you get the good guys along with the bad guys. 2) Insects and other short-lived critters have a tremendous capacity to adapt their populations in response to a selection pressure: like malathion or Bacillus thuringensis. When a population with a few individuals that aren't susceptible to the pesticide is subjected to pesticide treatment, the susceptible ones die, and the resistant ones reproduce. Thus, by using a pesticide, you run the risk of helping create a resistant strain of pest. (and the shorter the life cycle of the pest, the more likely we are to see resistant pest populations, soon!) 3) Developing new strains of BT and other microbial pesticides isn't easy; ditto developing pesticides that are targeted to specific pests. If we "wear out" the "environmentally desireable" pesticides with overuse, we're stuck with the "bad pesticides" when we really need controls. :-( (this is rather like the new antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria that have been developing in response to increased antibiotic use-- e.g., multi-drug resistant tuberculosis, multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus.)
Kay Klier Biology Dept UNI
[WATER FAQ location: http://www.siouxlan.com/water/faq.html] Button Bar __________________________________________________________________________ THE WATER FAQ __________________________________________________________________________ [IMAGE] Request more information Special National Testing Laboratories press release related to federal reports on poor quality of drinking water - 6/1/95 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Water Basics 2. Hard Water 1. What is hard water? 2. What are hardness minerals? 3. How do you measure hardness? 4. Why should hard water concern me? 5. Who will test my water for hardness? 6. My water is hard; now what? 7. Which water conditioning company should I call? 8. What should I look for in a water conditioner? 9. I have a water conditioner, now my water feels "slimy"! 3. Water that Smells 1. My water stinks! What can I do? 2. OK, it's my raw water that smells -- now what? 1. Minor, musty smell 2. Strong, rotten-egg smell 3. Strong, musty smell Solutions: 1. Filters 2. Feeders 3. Aeration 4. Water that Stains 1. I have red stains in my sinks and other fixtures -- Help!! Iron types: 1. oxidized 2. soluble 3. colloidal 4. bacterial 5. organic-bound 2. I have blue or green stains on my fixtures -- Help!! 1. copper in your water supply 2. copper pipes & corrosive water 5. Water Testing Information 1. When Should I Test? 2. What Could I Test For? 1. List of contaminants and health effects 3. An Easy Way to Test 1. Sample test results Other 'Water' sites of interest 1. Hill's Plumbing Page 2. Purdue's Gopher on Water Quality 3. Water Quality Topics - Florida State University __________________________________________________________________________ Water Basics __________________________________________________________________________
Water is generally classified into two groups: Surface Water and Ground Water. Surface water is just what the name implies; it is water found in a river, lake or other surface impoundment. This water is usually not very high in mineral content, and many times is called "soft water" even though it usually is not. Surface water is exposed to many different contaminants, such as animal wastes, pesticides, insecticides, industrial wastes, algae and many other organic materials. Even surface water found in a pristine mountain stream possibly contains Giardia or Coliform Bacteria from the feces of wild animals, and should be boiled or disinfected by some means prior to drinking. Ground Water is that which is trapped beneath the ground. Rain that soaks into the ground, rivers that disappear beneath the earth, melting snow are but a few of the sources that recharge the supply of underground water. Because of the many sources of recharge, ground water may contain any or all of the contaminants found in surface water as well as the dissolved minerals it picks up during it's long stay underground. Waters that contains dissolved minerals, such as calcium and magnesium above certain levels are considered "hard water" Because water is considered a "solvent", ie, over time it can break down the ionic bonds that hold most substances together, it tends to dissolve and 'gather up' small amounts of whatever it comes in contact with. For instance, in areas of the world where rock such as limestone, gypsum, fluorspar, magnetite, pyrite and magnesite are common, well water is usually very high in calcium content, and therefore considered "hard". Due to the different characteristics of these two types of water, it is important that you know the source of your water -- Surface or Ground. Of the 326 million cubic miles of water on earth, only about 3% of it is fresh water; and 3/4 of that is frozen. Only 1/2 of 1% of all water is underground; about 1/50th of 1% of all water is found in lakes and streams. The average human is about 70% water. You can only survive 5 or less days without water. [ Back to Table of Contents ] [ Back to the Water Treatment Page ] __________________________________________________________________________ Hard Water __________________________________________________________________________
WHAT IS HARD WATER? Hard water is the most common problem found in the average home. Hard water is water that contains dissolved hardness minerals above 1 GPG. WHAT ARE HARDNESS MINERALS? Calcium, manganese and magnesium are the most common. HOW DO YOU MEASURE HARDNESS? Parts per million or grains per gallon are the most common. One part per million (PPM) is just what it says: out of one million units, one unit. Grains, or grains per gallon (GPG) is a weight measurement taken from the Egyptians; one dry grain of wheat, or about 1/7000 of a pound. It takes 17.1 PPM to equal 1 GPG. WHY SHOULD HARD WATER CONCERN ME? For many uses, it would not matter. For instance, to put out fires, water your lawn, wash the mud off the streets or float your boat, water would have to be pretty hard to cause a problem. But for bathing, washing dishes and clothes, shaving, washing your car and many other uses of water, hard water is not as efficient or convenient as "soft water." For instance: * you use only 1/2 as much soap cleaning with soft water. * because hard water and soap combine to form "soap scum" that can't be rinsed off, forming a 'bathtub ring' on all surfaces and drys leaving unsightly spots on your dishes. * when hard water is heated, the hardness minerals are re-crystallized to form hardness scale. This scale can plug your pipes and hot water heater, causing premature failure, necessitating costly replacement. * the soap scum remains on your skin even after rinsing, clogging the pores of your skin and coating every hair on your body. This crud can serve as a home for bacteria, causing diaper rash, minor skin irritation and skin that continually itches. * for many industrial uses, the hardness minerals interfere with the process, causing inferior product. WHO WILL TEST MY WATER FOR HARDNESS? If you are connected to a municipal supply, call the water Superintendent, or City Hall. They can either provide the answer, or direct you to the proper individual. Remember the conversion factor: it takes 17.1 PPM to equal 1 GPG. In other words, if your water has 171 PPM calcium in it, divide 171 by 17.1 to get the answer in grains. This example would be 10 grains, or GPG. If you are on a private supply, you could contact your county extension agent: collect a sample in an approved container and send to the city or state health department for testing: find a testing lab (try the yellow pages): call a water conditioning company. By the way, if you are on a private well, YOU, AND YOU ALONE are responsible for the safety of the water you and your family drink. You should test your supply for bacteria at least once per year and other contaminants at least every three years -- more under certain conditions. MY WATER IS HARD; NOW WHAT? If your water tests over 3 GPG hard, you should mechanically soften it. Softening water that is less than 3 GPG, while it makes your shaving and bathing more comfortable, is considered a luxury due to the fact that the cost is more than your savings. Over 3 GPG, you will save enough to pay for the cost and maintenance of a water conditioner. As of this writing, the most economical way for you to soften your household water is with an ion exchange water softener. This unit uses sodium chloride (salt) to recharge man made plastic like beads that exchange hardness minerals for sodium. As the hard water passes through and around the plastic like beads, the hardness minerals (ions) attach themselves to the bead, dislodging the sodium ions. This process is called "ion exchange". When the plastic bead, called Resin, has no sodium ions left, it is exhausted, and can soften no more water. The resin is recharged by flushing with salt water. The sodium ions force the hardness ions off the resin beads; then the excess sodium is rinsed away, and the resin is ready to start the process all over again. This cycle can be repeated many, many time before the resin loses it's ability to react to these forces. WHICH WATER CONDITIONING COMPANY SHOULD I CALL? As in any purchase, talk to your friends and neighbors -- who do they use? Are they happy with them? Check with the Better Business Bureau for complaints. The BBB can't prevent shady business, but they can and do keep a file of complaints filed by people who have had dealings with them. Ask at least two to come to your home to look at your plumbing and then give you a quote on their equipment. Have them explain all the features of the unit, as well as the warranty. WHAT SHOULD I LOOK FOR IN A WATER CONDITIONER? Make sure the unit has enough resin to treat all the water you and your family will use. As of this writing, the average usage per day, per person (including children), for inside the house is 87 gallons. You should also be shown two or three ways to initiate recharging the unit. The oldest way is by a timeclock, ie, your water usage is calculated and the frequency of recharging programmed into the timer. On the appointed day, at the appointed hour, the unit recharges. If all went as calculated, ok. If you were gone -- too bad -- you just wasted salt and water. If you had extra company -- too bad -- you ran out of soft water. You must pick a unit that will treat one days supply of water and still have about 40% of the resin in the recharged state. This will provide you with the most efficiency for salt and regeneration water. A second way to initiate recharge is by electronic sensing. By electronically checking the resin, these units can determine when the resin needs to be recharged -- this is a great help when your water hardness changes, when you have extra company or when you are gone for a few days. These 'sensor' units can save you up to 42% of your salt and recharge water as well as keep you in soft water when you have extra guests. A third way to initiate recharge is by using a meter. These units have a meter installed in the water line and simply measure how many gallons of water you actually used. The unit is set according to your water hardness, and will recharge when the gallons used approach exhaustion of the resin bed, saving you a high percentage of your recharge salt and water. Many variations of these methods are on the market. Some use computers to calculate in advance, when to recharge the unit; some have two resin beds (tanks), and switch back and forth between the two, keeping you in soft water all the time, at the highest efficiency. These systems are most effective in high-hardness waters, ie, over 10-12 GPG, and over 4 people in the family. Low hardness water and smaller families do not require the extra expense of these options. I HAVE A WATER CONDITIONER, NOW MY WATER FEELS "SLIMY" When the hardness minerals are removed, soap no longer forms a soap curd, or "bathtub ring" on your skin, plugging your pores, clinging to every strand of hair. You are now truly clean. That slick, slimy feeling you feel is your natural body oils -- without the soap scum. The old saying that you get "squeaky clean" is a myth; that feeling was caused by the soap scum on your skin. By the way, that soap scum provided an excellent place for bacteria to hide and grow, causing numerous minor skin ailments. [ Back to Table of Contents ] [ Back to the Water Treatment Page ] __________________________________________________________________________ Water that Smells __________________________________________________________________________
MY WATER STINKS! WHAT CAN I DO? First, you must learn a little about your nose: Once you smell some things, your sense of smell is dulled for a short while, and you can't make accurate judgments of smell. For instance, if I blindfold you, let you smell gasoline, hand you a piece of onion to eat and tell you it is an apple, you can't tell it's not because your nose isn't working properly!! (Your sense of taste isn't working either - smell and taste are closely related and affect each other!) So, to correctly analyze your problem, you need to become a detective. The best time to locate the smell is after you have been away from home for a few hours -- this allows your nose to become sensitive to "that smell" again. With your 'sensitized' nose, go to an outside spigot -- one that the raw, untreated water flows from. Turn it on, let it run a few minutes, then smell it. If it smells - we found it. If not, we must look further. (Many, many smells are not in the raw water at all, they are introduced into the water inside the house.) Go to a cold, treated water spigot inside the house, turn it on and let it run a minute; then smell. If this water smells, and the outside, untreated water didn't -- you must have a device (cartridge filter, water softener, etc.) in the water line that needs to be cleaned and sanitized. If it is a cartridge, or 'string' filter, replace the element and sanitize the housing. If you have a water conditioner call the Company where you bought the unit for advise on how to sanitize the unit. If you rent the unit, just call! You can sanitize the unit by pouring Hydrogen Peroxide or Chlorine Bleach in the brine well of the salt tank, and placing the unit into regeneration. Check with the seller, or, if they are no longer in business, any Professional Water Conditioning Dealer for how much to put in your particular unit. If the cold, treated water inside didn't smell, turn on the hot water and let it run a few minutes -- does it smell? If it does, chances are you have a sacrificial anode inside your hot water heater that is "coming apart at the seams" and throwing off a "rotten egg" odor. This obnoxious smell will drive you right out of your shower! The only solution is to remove the anode from the heater and replace it with a new one. I will say, however, if you replace the anode, you will more than likely get the smell back again -- so I say just remove it, and put a plug in the hole! This anode is placed in a hot water heater (glass lined) to seal up any cracks in the glass lining and prevent corrosion of the heater tank. You will find the anode on the top of the heater; remove the tin cover and insulation -- look for what looks like a pipe plug -- about 1/2 inch in size. Turn off the heat source and the water; have someone hold the tank to prevent it from turning, and unscrew the "plug". You will find that the 'plug' has a 30 - 40 " long pipe (or what's left of one) attached to it. Hopefully, most of the rod is still attached -- just corroded. If so, replace the plug with a real pipe plug and throw the anode away. If part of the rod has corroded off, and fallen into the heater, you may have to try to fish it out. Either way, before you plug the hole, pour about 2 pints of chlorine bleach into the heater first. This will kill the smell left in the heater. If, after a week or so, the smell returns, you must fish out the rod that is in the bottom of the tank. Good Luck! OK, IT'S MY RAW WATER THAT SMELLS -- NOW WHAT? First, you must determine what is causing the smell, and how strong it is. Minor, musty smell If it is a minor, or low-level smell, you MIGHT be able to solve it with a small, point-of-use carbon filter. You can place these types of filters on the water line going to the cold water where you draw you drinking water. Or, you might solve it with a whole-house filter on your incoming water line to filter all of the water inside your home. Because carbon removes smells by ADsorbtion, ie, the smell "sticks" or "adheres" to the carbon particles, you must be careful not to exceed the manufactures recommended flow -- some filters even have a flow restriction built in them. If you run water through them too fast, you will not remove the smells. Whenever you place a carbon filter in your water line, you must be sure to replace the element and sanitize the housing on a regular basis. Carbon filters remove organics from water, and the bacteria found in water like to eat organics -- the carbon filter is a nice, dark place, just full of food for them to grow and reproduce in. Regular and routine replacement will help prevent any buildup of bacteria in the cartridge. Strong, rotten-egg smell Strong, rotten-egg odors in the raw water is usually the result of the decomposition of decaying underground organic deposits. As water is drawn to the surface, hydrogen sulfide gas can be released to the atmosphere. In strong concentrations, this gas is flammable and poisonous. It rapidly tarnishes silver, turning it black. It is toxic to aquarium fish in sufficient quantities. As little as 0.5 ppm hydrogen sulfide can be tasted in your drinking water. Strong, musty smell If you are unlucky enough to have this problem, you should look for a company that has local experience in dealing with this problem. There are three basic ways to solve this problem for homeowners. Filters Installation of a whole house filter loaded with a media that is specific for hydrogen sulfide removal is successful many times. These types of filters must be recharged with chlorine or potassium permanganate. The removal capacities of these types of filters are usually fairly low, and must be sized to contain enough media to prevent premature exhaustion, and subsequent passage of the smell to service. It is also typical that the amount of hydrogen sulfide can fluctuate rapidly, causing great difficulty in sizing the unit. In addition, potassium permanganate is extremely "messy", and will leave stains that are very difficult to remove. Feeders Feeder systems consist of a small pump that injects small amounts of chlorine (usually) into the incoming water. The water must then be held for a short period of time to allow the hydrogen sulfide to precipitate out of the water. This tank should be designed in such a manner that the water that enters it will mix thoroughly with the water in the tank, to assure complete reaction. The water then should pass through a filter to remove both the precipitated matter and the chlorine remaining in the water. You should be aware, however, that whenever you mix chlorine with organic materials (remember where hydrogen sulfide come from!), the chances are very high that trihalomethanes (possible cancer causing carginigns) will be formed. Also, feeder maintenance is high, you should be prepared to "play" with the unit frequently. Aeration Aeration consists of breaking the incoming water into small droplets (spray) into the air, drawing fresh air through that spray, collecting the water into a storage tank, repressurize the water, passing it through a particulate filter to catch any particles that might be carried out of the storage tank. The air drawn though the spray must be vented outside the house - remember, it is toxic and explosive. Although this system necessitates another pump to repressurize your supply, you are not adding any chemicals to your water, which makes it attractive. This system is low maintenance and no chemicals to purchase. Initial cost may be higher, however, and space requirements may be greater. [ Back to Table of Contents ] [ Back to the Water Treatment Page ] __________________________________________________________________________ Water that Stains __________________________________________________________________________
I HAVE RED STAINS IN MY SINKS AND OTHER FIXTURES -- HELP! Red stains are normally caused by iron in the water. You must test to determine the amount and the type of iron you have. Some types are: oxidized, soluble, colloidal, bacteria or organic-bound. All are a problem! It only takes 0.3 ppm to stain clothes, fixtures, etc. Oxidized This type of iron is usually found in a surface water supply. This is water that contains red particles when first drawn from the tap. The easiest way to remove this type of iron is by a fine mechanical filter. A cartridge type filter is usually not a good solution, due to the rapid plugging of the element. Another method or removal is by feeding a chemical into the water to cause the little particles of iron to clump together, and then fall to the bottom of a holding tank, where they can be flushed away. Soluable Soluble iron is called "clear water" iron. After being drawn form the well and contacting the air, the iron oxidizes, or "rusts", forming reddish brown particles in the water. Depending on the amount of iron in the water, you may solve this problem with a water conditioner, or a combination of softener and filter. You may use an iron filter that recharges with chlorine or potassium permanganate, or feed chemicals to oxidize the iron and then filter it with a mechanical filter. You can sometimes hide the effects of soluble iron by adding chemicals that, in effect, coat the iron in the water and prevent it from reaching oxygen and oxidizing. Colloidal Colloidal iron is very small particles of oxidized iron suspended in the water. They are usually bound together with other substances. They resist agglomeration, ie, the combining together of like substances forming larger, heavier, more filterable ones, due to the static electrical charge they carry. This iron looks more like a color than particles when held up in a clear glass, as they are so small. Treatment is usually one of two: Feed chlorine to oxidize the organic away from the iron, thus allowing agglomeration to occur, or, feeding polymers that attract the static charge on the particles, forming larger clumps of matter that is filterable. Bacterial Iron bacteria are living organisms that feed on the iron found in the water, pipes, fittings, etc. They build slime all along the water flow path. Occasionally, the slimy growths break free, causing extremely discolored water. If a large slug breaks loose, it can pass through to the point of use, plugging fixtures. These types of bacteria are becoming more common throughout the United States. If you suspect bacteria iron, look for a reddish or green slime buildup in your toilet flush tank. To confirm your suspicions, gather a sample of this slime and take it to your local health department, or water department for observation under the microscope. This type of iron problem is very hard to eliminate. You must kill the bacteria, usually by chlorination. You must use high amounts of chlorine throughout your plumbing system to kill all organisms. You may find it necessary to feed chlorine continuously to prevent regrowth. A filter alone will not solve this problem. Organic bound When iron combines with tannins and other organics, complexes are formed that cannot be removed by ion exchange or oxidizing filters. This iron may be mistaken for colloidal iron. Test for tannins; if they are present, it is most likely combined with the iron. Low level amounts of this pest can be removed by use of a carbon filter, which absorbs the complex. You must replace the carbon bed when it becomes saturated. Higher amounts require feeding chlorine to oxidize the organics to break apart from the iron and cause both to precipitate into a filterable particle. I HAVE BLUE OR GREEN STAINS ON MY FIXTURES -- HELP! You either have copper in your water supply, or you have copper pipes and corrosive water. Test for copper in your water. Test the pH, total dissolved solids content and the oxygen content of your water. Copper Copper can be removed by ion exchange, ie, a water softener. The removal rate is about the same as it is for iron. Copper pipes and corrosive water If your pH is from 5 to 7, you may raise it by passing the water through a sacrificial media. By sacrificing calcium carbonate into the water, the corrosively will be reduced. If the pH is below 5, you will need to feed chemicals into the water. If the corrosively is caused by excess oxygen, the hot water will be much more corrosive than the cold. Treatment is by feeding polyphosphate or silicates to coat and protect the plumbing, or to aeriate the water to release the excess oxygen. [ Back to Table of Contents ] [ Back to the Water Treatment Page ] __________________________________________________________________________ Water Testing Information __________________________________________________________________________
WHEN SHOULD I TEST? Several factors will influence when and how often you test your water. Where do get your water from? Has that source changed? Have you done any plumbing changes lately? Is there reason to believe that your water is contaminated? Is there a sickness or illness in your family affecting more than one person and over a longer than normal time period? If you receive your water from a "Public Supply", ie, a municipal supply, or a supply that provides water to more than 25 persons for 60 days per year (some states are different -- check with YOUR local water department), you can be fairly certain that the water supply is checked on a regular basis. The frequency of the testing is based on the number of people served, and may vary from more than once per week to once per month, or even less. Under these conditions, test when you move into a new residence to acquire a "base line" of contaminant level, if any. Retest every three years, unless you have reason to believe that something has changed that could affect the quality of your water. If you have a private well, you are the only person who is responsible for the water your family drinks and bathes in. I recommend testing by your local Health Department every six months for Bacteria and Nitrate. These two tests serve as indicators for other types of contaminations -- that is not to say forget the other tests; just that if you get a "bad" test from them, you should also retest for the other types of contaminants as well. Private wells should be tested on a regular basis for Pesticides, Herbicides, Metals, Organic and Inorganic chemicals and volatiles. Currently, no laws govern the frequency of such testing -- that is why I say YOU are the only person responsible for your family's water. I recommend an initial test (for a base line), and then at least once per year. Remember, one day after testing and finding "no contaminants", your source could become contaminated. WHAT COULD I TEST FOR? Coliform bacteria are a group of microorganisms that are normally found in the intestinal tract of humans and other warm blooded animals, and in surface water. The presence of these organisms in drinking water suggest contamination from a surface or shallow subsurface source such as cesspool leakage, barnyard runoff or other source. The presence of these bacteria indicate that disease-causing (pathogenic) organisms may enter the drinking water supply in the same manner if preventive action is not taken. Drinking water should be free of coliforms. Cysts and viruses are microbiological contaminants, usually found in surface water supplies. Giardia lamblia cysts can cause giardiasis, a gastrointestinal disease. Another "bug" getting a lot of attention lately, is cryptosporidium, single-cell parasite measuring about 2 5 microns in diameter. Many surface water supplies contain this pest, which also comes from the intestine of warm blooded animals. Nitrate in drinking water supplies may reduce the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood (cyanosis) if ingested in sufficient amounts by infants under 6 months of age. This could cause a disease called "methemoglobinemia", or "blue baby" syndrome. The EPA has established a maximum contaminant level (MCL) for nitrate at 10 mg/l (ppm) measured as N. Unlike coliform or other types of bacteria, boiling the water will actually INCREASE the amount of nitrate remaining in the water, increasing the danger to infants. If you have high nitrate water, either treat it with an approved treatment metholodgy or find another source: Boiling will only make it worse! Lead is now known to leach from older sweat joints in copper pipe. As the water sits in the pipes, small amounts of lead 'dissolve' into the water, contaminating it. Lead is particularly harmful to small children as they more rapidly absorb the toxic substance into their systems. The EPA has estimated that more than 40 million U.S. residents use water that contains more than the recommended levels. Click here to see a list of contaminants and the possible health effects of those contaminants. AN EASY WAY TO TEST The sponsor of this Water FAQ is Culligan H20 4 u in South Sioux City, Nebraska. We offer a complete, five bottle testing kit, ready for your use. This kit will be tested by the National Testing Laboratories, Inc. in Ypsilanti, Michigan. You simply follow the directions in the kit and return the sample to the lab. They test your sample and then report to you. Your test results will be a two page report showing contaminant level, a cover letter explaining the test results and what you should do. To see a sample of the two page report, click here. We offer two tests: 1. Water Check - $99 All of the above chemicals tested EXCEPT the last 20, ie, pesticides, herbicides and PCB's 2. Water Check with pesticides - $139 ALL of the above chemicals ORDER WATER TEST [ Back to Table of Contents ] [ Back to the Water Treatment Page ] [IMAGE] More information [IMAGE] Back to the Water Treatment Page! _________________________________________________________________ Backhome ©1995 WebSite by Catalyst Solutions - John Pritchard ©1995 WebGraphics by SpectraGraphics
