Fetal and Neonatal Research - Karger Publishers

Neonatology 107(2) 81–160 (2015)

107 | 2 | 15

print ISSN 1661–7800

online e-ISSN 1661–7819

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Fetal and Neonatal Research

Review 100 Cardiocirculatory Monitoring during Immediate

Fetal-to-Neonatal Transition: A Systematic Qualitative Review of the Literature Baik, N.; Urlesberger, B.; Schwaberger, B.; Freidl, T. (Graz); Schmölzer, G.M.; Pichler, G. (Graz/Edmonton, Alta.) Original Papers 81 Allogeneic Umbilical Cord Blood Red Cell

Concentrates: An Innovative Blood Product for Transfusion Therapy of Preterm Infants Bianchi, M.; Giannantonio, C.; Spartano, S.; Fioretti, M.; Landini, A.; Molisso, A.; Tesfagabir, G.M.; Tornesello, A.; Barbagallo, O.; Valentini, C.G.; Vento, G.; Zini, G.; Romagnoli, C.; Papacci, P.; Teofili, L. (Rome) 87 Timing of Pharmacological Treatment for Patent

Ductus Arteriosus and Risk of Secondary Surgery, Death or Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A PopulationBased Cohort Study of Extremely Preterm Infants Gudmundsdottir, A.; Johansson, S. (Stockholm); Håkansson, S. (Umeå); Norman, M. (Stockholm); Källen, K. (Lund); Bonamy, A.-K. (Stockholm) 93 Effect of Postnatal Nutrition Restriction on the

Oxidative Status of Neonates with Intrauterine Growth Restriction in a Pig Model Che, L.; Xuan, Y.; Hu, L.; Liu, Y.; Xu, Q.; Fang, Z.; Lin, Y.; Xu, S.; Wu, D.; Zhang, K.; Chen, D. (Chengdu)

108 The Influence of Crying on the Ductus Arteriosus

Shunt and Left Ventricular Output at Birth van Vonderen, J.J.; Roest, A.A.W.; Walther, F.J.; Blom, N.A.; van Lith, J.M.M. (Leiden); Hooper, S.B. (Clayton, Vic.); te Pas, A.B. (Leiden) 113 Reliability of Pulse Oximetry during Cardiopulmonary

Resuscitation in a Piglet Model of Neonatal Cardiac Arrest Hassan, M.A. (Ulm/Sohag); Mendler, M.; Maurer, M.; Waitz, M.; Huang, L.; Hummler, H.D. (Ulm) 120 Changes in Perinatal Care and Outcomes in Newborns

at the Limit of Viability in Spain: The EPI-SEN Study García-Muñoz Rodrigo, F.; Díez Recinos, A.L. (Las Palmas); García-Alix Pérez, A.; Figueras Aloy, J. (Barcelona); Vento Torres, M. (Valencia) and the SEN1500 Network of the Spanish Neonatal Society (Sociedad Española de Neonatología) 130 A Randomised Crossover Trial of Clinical Algorithm for

Oxygen Saturation Targeting in Preterm Infants with Frequent Desaturation Episodes Clarke, A.; Yeomans, E.; Elsayed, K.; Medhurst, A.; Berger, P.; Skuza, E. (Clayton, Vic.); Tan, K. (Clayton, Vic./ Melbourne, Vic.) 137 Cerebral Oxygenation during Intermittent Hypoxemia

and Bradycardia in Preterm Infants Schmid, M.B. (Ulm); Hopfner, R.J. (Ulm/Sydney, N.S.W.); Lenhof, S.; Hummler, H.D. (Ulm); Fuchs, H. (Ulm/ Freiburg im Breisgau)

(Continued on inside back cover)

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(Continued from front cover)

150 Anticonvulsant Effectiveness and Hemodynamic Safety

of Midazolam in Full-Term Infants Treated with Hypothermia van den Broek, M.P.H. (Utrecht); van Straaten, H.L.M. (Zwolle); Huitema, A.D.R. (Amsterdam); Egberts, T.; Toet, M.C.; de Vries, L.S.; Rademaker, K.; Groenendaal, F. (Utrecht) 157 Brainstem Auditory Response Findings in Very Preterm

Babies in the Intensive Care Unit Wang, C.; Jiang, Z.D. (Shanghai)

Commentary 147 Intermittent Hypoxemia/Bradycardia and the

Developing Brain: How Much Is Too Much? Commentary on M.B. Schmid et al.: Cerebral Oxygenation during Intermittent Hypoxemia and Bradycardia in Preterm Infants (Neonatology 2015;107:137–146) Poets, C.F. (Tuebingen)

Contents

See the journal website for contents

Basel • Freiburg • Paris • London • New York • New Delhi • Bangkok • Beijing • Tokyo • Kuala Lumpur • Singapore • Sydney

Fetal and Neonatal Research Founded 1959 as ‘Biologia Neonatorum’ (formerly ‘Etudes Néo-Natales’) and continued from 1983–2006 as ‘Biology of the Neonate’. Edited by A. Minkowski (1959–1985); continued by J.-P. Relier, Paris (1986–2003). Incorporating ‘Developmental Pharmacology and Therapeutics’, founded by J.V. Aranda, Montreal.

Editors-in-Chief

Editorial Board

H.L. Halliday, Belfast C.P. Speer, Würzburg

K. Allegaert, Leuven S. Andersson, Helsinki E. Bancalari, Miami, Fla. D. Bassler, Zurich J. Bhatia, Augusta, Ga. C. Bührer, Berlin W. Carlo, Birmingham, Ala. R. Christensen, Ogden, Utah T. Curstedt, Stockholm C. Dani, Florence B. Darlow, Christchurch M. Hallman, Oulu W.W. Hay, Jr., Aurora, Colo. S.E. Juul, Seattle, Wash. M. Kaplan, Jerusalem B. Kramer, Maastricht R.J. Martin, Cleveland, Ohio C.J. Morley, Cambridge J. Neu, Gainesville, Fla. P.C. Ng, Hong Kong M.W. Obladen, Berlin W.S. Park, Seoul

A.G.S. Philip, Sebastopol, Calif. M. Roth-Kleiner, Lausanne E. Saliba, Tours O.D. Saugstad, Oslo M.S. Schimmel, Jerusalem M.P. Sherman, Columbia, Mo. E.S. Shinwell, Rehovot K. Simmer, Perth, W.A. J. Smith, Tygerberg R.F. Soll, Burlington, Vt. (Cochrane Review Updates) B. Sun, Shanghai N. Takahashi, Tokyo N. Vain, Buenos Aires F. van Bel, Utrecht J.N. van den Anker, Washington, D.C. M. Vento Torres, Valencia F.J. Walther, Leiden M. Weindling, Liverpool J.A. Widness, Iowa City, Iowa T.F. Yeh, Taipei

Printed in Germany on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706) by Stückle Druck, Ettenheim

Guidelines for Authors

Aims and Scope This highly respected and frequently cited journal is a prime source of information in the area of fetal and neonatal research. Original papers present research on all aspects of neonatology, fetal medicine and developmental biology. These papers encompass both basic science and clinical research including randomised trials, observational studies and epidemiology. Basic science research covers molecular biology, molecular genetics, physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology in fetal and neonatal life. Papers reporting results of animal studies should be based upon hypotheses that relate to developmental processes or disorders in the human fetus or neonate. Submission Manuscripts written in English should be submitted using the online submission website at: www.karger.com/neo Should you experience any problems with your submission, please contact: [email protected] S. Karger AG Editorial Office ‘Neonatology’ P.O. Box CH–4009 Basel (Switzerland) All manuscripts must be accompanied by a cover letter and the copyright transfer statement with all authors’ signatures (handwritten) confirming that they agree with the publication of the paper. Names, postal and e-mail addresses of four international experts in the appropriate area of research should accompany each manuscript. Selected scientist(s) will be invited to act as referee(s). Referees suggested should not be from the same institution as the author and should have expert knowledge of the subject. Manuscripts may be submitted to the following sections: • Editorials • Reviews • Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses • Original Papers • Consensus Statements • Short Communications • Novel Insights from Clinical Practice • Commentaries • Research Briefings • Sources of Neonatal Medicine • Letters to the Editor Reviews/Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Most reviews are submitted upon invitation. However, the editors are open to unsolicited reviews. Authors planning such a review are requested to contact the Editorial Office with a one page outline of the intended review. All reviews are subject to peer review. Systematic reviews should be reported using the format of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group (www.neonatal.cochrane.org/ welcome). Original Papers Original articles should not exceed a printed length of five pages, i.e. generally not more than 2,500 words of text accompanied by not more than 4–6 figures or tables as well as approx. 25 references. Original Papers – Clinical Trials Reports of randomised clinical trials should conform with CONSORT guidelines (www.consort-statement. org/consort-statement).

Short Communications Short reports, brief laboratory observations, and preliminary communications, can be submitted for accelerated publication under ‘Short Communications’. To qualify for rapid publication, such reports should not exceed a printed length of two pages, i.e., generally not more than 1,400 words of text accompanied by 2 figures or tables and from 5 to 10 references.

Abstract: Each paper needs an abstract of up to 250 words. It should be structured as follows: Background: What is the major motive that prompted the study? Objectives: What is the purpose of the study? Methods: How was the study done? Results: Most important findings Conclusions: Most important conclusions

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Young DS: Implementation of SI units for clinical laboratory data: style specifications and conversion tables. Ann Intern Med 1987;106:114–129. International Bureau of Weights and Measures: The international system of units (SI). NBS Special Publication 330. Washington, US Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1986. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry: Manual of symbols and terminology for physicochemical quantities and units. Pure Appl Chem 1979;51:1–41. Digital Object Identifier (DOI) S. Karger Publishers supports DOIs as unique identifiers for articles. A DOI number will be printed on the title page of each article. DOIs can be useful in the future for identifying and citing articles published online without volume or issue information. More information can be found at www.doi.org. Supplementary Material Supplementary material is restricted to additional data that are not necessary for the scientific integrity and conclusions of the paper. Please note that all supplementary files will undergo editorial review and should be submitted together with the original manuscript. The Editors reserve the right to limit the scope and length of the supplementary material. Supplementary material must meet production quality standards for Web publication without the need for any modification or editing. In general, supplementary files should not exceed 10 Mb in size. All figures and tables should have titles and legends and all

Series Editor

P.-E. Mullis, Bern

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Endocrine Development

Communicating scientific advances in a clinical context

Ghrelin System

Editor: P.-E. Mullis Vol. 25

Editors

This series is devoted to specific areas of fetal, neonatal, pediatric and adolescent endocrinology. It addresses a wide range of relevant issues in the context of a well defined subject and covers new areas of clinical and basic research. Clear evidence-based guidelines on clinical management by highly qualified basic and clinical scientists who present their clinically relevant recent findings are also provided. Bringing together experts from related disciplines such as fetal and perinatal medicine, epidemiology, public health, molecular endocrinology, the volumes cover a broad spectrum in endocrine development.

Editors: Benso, A. (Turin); Casanueva, F.F. (Santiago de Compostela); Ghigo, E.; Granata, R. (Turin) VIII + 172 p., 16 fig., 2 in color, 4 tab., 2013 CHF 180.00 / EUR 150.00 / USD 212.00 (hard cover) CHF 216.00 / EUR 180.00 / USD 254.00 (online) ISBN 978–3–8055–9908–5 e-ISBN 978–3–8055–9909–2

Vol. 24: Hormone Resistance and Hypersensitivity From Genetics to Clinical Management Editors: Maghnie, M. (Genoa); Loche, S. (Cagliari); Cappa, M. (Rome); Ghizzoni, L. (Turin); Lorini, R. (Genoa) VIII + 160 p., 26 fig., 7 in color, 10 tab., 2013 CHF 168.00 / EUR 140.00 / USD 198.00 (hard cover) CHF 202.00 / EUR 168.00 / USD 238.00 (online) ISBN 978–3–318–02267–4 e-ISBN 978–3–318–02268–1

Vol. 23: Developmental Biology of GH Secretion, Growth and Treatment Editor: Mullis, P.-E. (Bern) VIII + 126 p., 22 fig., 1 in color, 10 tab., 2012 CHF 156.00 / EUR 130.00 / USD 184.00 (hard cover) CHF 187.00 / EUR 156.00 / USD 221.00 (online) ISBN 978–3–318–02244–5 e-ISBN 978–3–318–02245–2

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Vol. 25: The Ghrelin System

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Endocrine Development

Founded: 1999 Fields of Interest: Endocrinology, Pediatrics

ISSN 1421–7082 e-ISSN 1662–2979

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Endocrine Development

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A. Benso F.F. Casanueva E. Ghigo R. Granata

Vol. 22: Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 2nd, revised and extended edition Editor: Sultan, C. (Montpellier) VIII + 396 p., 65 fig., 4 in color, 49 tab., 2012 CHF 198.00 / EUR 165.00 / USD 233.00 (hard cover) CHF 238.00 / EUR 198.00 / USD 280.00 (online) ISBN 978–3–8055–9336–6 e-ISBN 978–3–8055–9337–3

KI 15135

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ISSN Print Edition: 1661–7800 ISSN Online Edition: 1661–7819 Journal Homepage: www.karger.com/neo Publication Data: Neonatology is published 8 times a year. Volumes 107 and 108, each with 4 issues, appear in 2015. Copyright: © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel (Switzerland). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher or, in the case of photocopying, direct payment of a specified fee to the Copyright Clearance Center. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the journal is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

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F15019

43

Congrès Annuel de la Société Belge de Pédiatrie

ème ste

Jaarlijks Congres van de Belgische Vereniging voor Kindergeneeskunde

12-13 mars/maart 2015 «Du diagnostic précoce au traitement Entre avancées technologiques et réalités humaines»

«Van vroege diagnose tot behandeling Tussen hightech vooruitgang en humane realiteit» Comité Scientifique & Organisateur, Wetenschappelijk Comité & Organisator

Président de la SBP Voorzitter van het BVK

Jean-Paul MISSON, président / voorzitter, Marie-Christine SEGHAYE

Philippe LEPAGE

Jean-Pierre BOURGUIGNON, Oreste BATTISTI, Masendu KALENGA

PALAIS DES CONGRES - LIEGE/LUIK Inscriptions sur / Inschrijvingen via : www.bvksbp.be Event Coordinator : Anne-France De Meyer : Tel 02/375 36 26 • [email protected] • Fax 02/375 47 84  
 Pédiatre Belge 102 • 2014 - Vol. 16Bruxelles - Nr.4 Avenue Carsoel, B-1180 F15146

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F15053

British Maternal & Fetal Medicine Society 17th Annual Conference 23rd – 24th April 2015 • The QEII Conference Centre, London, UK PROGRAMME HIGHLIGHTS: SOCIETY LECTURE: Legal Obstetric Nightmares Given by one of the country’s leading medical negligence lawyers, Bertie Leigh (London) Metformin in Obese Women in Pregnancy Jane Norman (Edinburgh) Management of 34 Week Pregnant Woman with Platelets of 70 Joanna Girling (London) Fetal Gene Therapy Anna David (London) From Scar Ectopic to Placenta Percreta: What Would You Do? Sara Paterson-Brown & Catriona Stalder (London)

Termination of Pregnancy and Patient Choice Jane Fisher (ARC) Fetal Growth – What is Normal, What is Impaired & How do we Test for it? Jason Gardosi (Birmingham), Gordon Smith (Cambridge) & Aris Papageorghiou (Oxford) 24/7 Consultant Presence: Affordable, Achievable, Desirable? Sarah Vause (Manchester) Management of Twins Discordant for Anencephaly Ruwan Wimulasundera (London) Uncomplicated Primiparous Woman Requesting Induction at 39 Weeks Tracey Johnston (Birmingham) & Sarah Stock (Edinburgh)

The programme for 2015 will also include Lunchtime Symposia and a Conference Gala Dinner. Registrations are open. Book now to confirm your place. For further information on the Programme, Registration and Call for Abstracts contact the Secretariat: Hampton Medical, Rapier House, 4-6 Crane Mead, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 9PW, UK T: +44 (0)1920 885 162 F: +44 (0)1920 885 102 E: [email protected] W: www.bmfmsconference.ukevents.org F15102

EARLY BIRD DISCOUNT UNTIL 31st January 2015

F15152

CIPP XIV 14TH

I N T E R N AT I O N A L CONGRESS ON

PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY

KRAKOW

POLAND 25-28 June 2015

Contact Info: CIPP XIV Secretariat 27 rue Massena 06000 Nice Tel. + 33 4 97 03 85 97 [email protected] Website: www.cipp-meeting.org

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23rd Annual International Neonatal Conference and Ventilatory Symposium Middlesbrough, UK Thursday 11th to Saturday 13th June 2015 Durham University, Queen’s Campus, Stockton on Tees, Teesside, UK Pre-conference Advanced Ventilatory Symposium - Thursday 11th June 2015 Annual International Neonatal Conference - 12th to 13th June 2015 Topics include: Delivery Room Management: Lessons from the history and recent advances—Non-invasive Respiratory Support in the Newborn: Physiology, current trends and controversies—Neonatal Pulmonary Function Assessment: From the laboratory to the bedside—Neonatal Nutrition: Advances, evolving trends and long term consequences—Patent Ductus Arteriosus: To treat or not to treat—Functional Echocardiography in Neonatology—Advances in Surfactant Development—Simulation in Neonatal Training: Why, when and how—Outcome of the Late Preterm Infants: Emerging evidence of the forgotten babies—Neonatal Research Trials: Implications on clinical practice—Controversies, Conundrums and Pearls of Wisdom in Neonatal Medicine Registration and fees: All three days £480, Conference only £360, Workshop only £220

Further details and application forms can be found @

www.neonatalconference.co.uk F15186

39th Annual International Conference November 12—14, 2015

Fontainebleau Miami Beach, Florida Advances in Respiratory Care Workshop: November 11, 2015

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111. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin e.V. (DGKJ)

2. – 5. September 2015 ICM – Internationales Congress Center München

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Gemeinsam mit der 67. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Sozialpädiatrie und Jugendmedizin (DGSPJ) 53. Herbsttagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kinderchirurgie (DGKCH)

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37. Jahrestagung des Berufsverbandes Kinderkrankenpflege Deutschland (BeKD)

www.dgkj2015.de

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Gain new insights into the mechanisms of normal and abnormal brain development

Editor-in-Chief

Associate Editors

S.W. Levison, Newark, N.J.

P.G. Bhide, Tallahassee, Fla. K. Ikenaka, Okazaki J.M. Lauder, Chapel Hill, N.C. C. Mallard, Gothenburg R.S. Nowakowski, Tallahassee, Fla. (Mini-Reviews)

G.D. Stanwood, Nashville, Tenn. (Special Issues) F. Szele, Oxford (Mini-Reviews) S. Tan, Evanston, Ill.

Developmental Neuroscience is a multidisciplinary journal publishing papers covering all stages of invertebrate, vertebrate and human brain development. Emphasis is placed on publishing fundamental as well as translational studies that contribute to our understanding of mechanisms of normal development as well as genetic and environmental causes of abnormal brain development. The journal thus provides valuable information for both physicians and biologists. To meet the rapidly expanding information needs of its readers, the journal combines original papers that report on progress and advances in developmental neuroscience with concise mini-reviews that provide a timely overview of key topics, new insights and ongoing controversies.

Selected contributions • Developmental and Adult GAP-43 Deficiency in Mice Dynamically Alters Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Mossy Fiber Volume: Latchney, S.E.; Masiulis, I. (Dallas, Tex.); Zaccaria, K.J. (Syracuse, N.Y.); Lagace, D.C.; Powell, C.M. (Dallas, Tex.); McCasland, J.S. (Syracuse, N.Y.); Eisch, A.J. (Dallas, Tex.)

• SCIRR39 Promotes Neurite Extension via RhoA in NGF-Induced PC12 Cells: Zhao, C.F.; Liu, Y.; Ni, Y.L.; Yang, J.W.; Hui, H.D.; Sun, Z.B.; Liu, S.J. (Beijing) • Nox4-Generated Superoxide Drives Angiotensin II-Induced Neural Stem Cell Proliferation: Topchiy, E.; Panzhinskiy, E.; Griffin, W.S.T.; Barger, S.W.; Das, M.; Zawada, W.M. (Little Rock, Ark.)

• Knockdown of the Candidate Dyslexia Susceptibility Gene Homolog Dyx1c1 in Rodents: Effects on Auditory Processing, Visual Attention, and Cortical and Thalamic Anatomy: Szalkowski, C.E.; Booker, A.B.; Truong, D.T. (Storrs, Conn.); Threlkeld, S.W. (Providence, R.I.); Rosen, G.D. (Boston, Mass.); Fitch, R.H. (Storrs, Conn.)

Developmental Neuroscience Founded: 1978 Category: Basic Research Fields of Interest: Neurobiology/Neurology Listed in bibliographic services, including Current Contents®/Life Sciences, Pubmed/MEDLINE, Biological Abstracts 2015: Volume 37 6 issues per volume Language: English ISSN 0378–5866 e-ISSN 1421–9859 Impact Factor: 2.453 5-Year Impact Factor: 2.995

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• Neonatal Systemic Exposure to Lipopolysaccharide Enhances Susceptibility of Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurons to Rotenone Neurotoxicity in Later Life: Cai, Z.; Fan, L.-W. (Jackson, Miss.); Kaizaki, A. (Tokyo); Tien, L.-T. (New Taipei City); Ma, T.; Pang, Y.; Lin, S.; Lin, R.C.S.; Simpson, K.L. (Jackson, Miss.)

• A Single Neonatal Injury Induces Life-Long Deficits in Response to Stress: Victoria, N.C.; Inoue, K.; Young, L.J.; Murphy, A.Z. (Atlanta, Ga.)

• Concurrent Erythropoietin and Hypothermia Treatment Improve Outcomes in a Term Nonhuman Primate Model of Perinatal Asphyxia: Traudt, C.M.; McPherson, R.J.; Bauer, L.A.; Richards, T.L.; Burbacher, T.M.; McAdams, R.M.; Juul, S.E. (Seattle, Wash.)

• Oligodendroglial Alterations and the Role of Microglia in White Matter Injury: Relevance to Schizophrenia: Chew, L.-J. (Washington, D.C.); Fusar-Poli, P. (London); Schmitz, T. (Berlin)

More information at w w w. karger.com/dne

A summary of current knowledge and unresolved issues

World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics Editor: B. Koletzko Vol. 108

Evidence-Based Research in Pediatric Nutrition Editors

H. Szajewska R. Shamir

Evidence-Based Research in Pediatric Nutrition Editors

H. Szajewska R. Shamir

Evidence-Based Research in Pediatric Nutrition Editors: H. Szajewska (Warsaw); R. Shamir (Petach-Tikva) X + 112 p., 4 fig., 8 tab., 2013 CHF 148.– / EUR 123.– / USD 174.00 (hard cover) CHF 178.– / EUR 148.– / USD 209.00 (online) CHF 222.– / EUR 185.– / USD 261.00 (combined print/online), prices subject to change EUR price for Germany, USD price for USA only ISBN 978–3–318–02456–2 (hard cover) e-ISBN 978–3–318–02457–9 World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics, Vol. 108 Series Editor: Koletzko, B. (Munich) ISSN 0084–2230 / e-ISSN 1662–3975 Nutrition; Pediatrics; Neonatology, Clinical Nutrition

Recognition of evidence-based medicine is not only increasing rapidly, but it has become essential to pediatric nutrition. Starting with some methodological issues – discussing systemic reviews, meta-analyses and clinical trials – this publication then concisely summarizes current knowledge as well as ignorance and uncertainty regarding selected aspects of childhood nutrition. These aspects include functional gastrointestinal disorders, issues concerning various kinds of milk, complementary foods, enteral nutrition, celiac disease or obesity. Contents are based on evidence and summarize current guidelines; moreover, when there is no clear evidence, they provide some food for thought. Overall, this publication has been written to enable the clinician to make informed decisions regarding pediatric nutrition.

Contents • Preface: Szajewska, H.; Shamir, R. Methodological Considerations • Importance of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses in Pediatric Nutrition: Szajewska, H. • Strengths and Weaknesses of Observational Nutritional Studies: Patro-Gołąb, B.; Szajewska, H. • Scientific Standards for Human Intervention Trials Evaluating Health Benefits of Foods, and Their Application to Infants, Children and Adolescents: Woodside, J.V.; Koletzko, B.V.; Patterson, C.C.; Welch, R.W.

Impact of Early Nutrition on Later Outcomes • Early Nutrition and Health: Short- and Long-Term Outcomes: Gruszfeld, D.; Socha, P. Issues in Infant Feeding • Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Dietary Fiber in the Management of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Horvath, A.; Szajewska, H. • Growing-Up Milk: A Necessity or Marketing? Przyrembel, H.; Agostoni, C.

• Cow’s Milk and Goat’s Milk: Turck, T. • The Timing of Introduction of Complementary Foods and Later Health: Agostoni, C.; Przyrembel, H. • Dietary Interventions for Primary Allergy Prevention – What Is the Evidence? von Berg, A. • Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation of Term Infants: Are They Necessary? Lubetzky, R.; Mandel, D.; Mimouni, F.B.

Issues in Nutrition of Children • Enteral Nutrition: Kolaček, S. • Celiac Disease – Prevention Strategies through Early Infant Nutrition: Chmielewska, A.; Szajewska, H.; Shamir, R.

• Interventions for Treating Obesity in Children: De Miguel-Etayo, P.; Bueno, G.; Garagorri, J.M.; Moreno, L.A.

The easiest way to order: w w w.karger.com/wrund108 Karger – Medical and Scientific Publishers CH–4009 Basel, Switzerland [email protected], f: +41 61 306 12 34 www.karger.com KI13682BU