cleanup and disposal 6 - CPWR

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CLEANUP AND DISPOSAL

6

In this chapter you will learn: How to clean up the work area. How to take down the poly on the walls and floor. What happens to asbestos after it leaves the job. How your employer tests the air at the end of the job. How to replace the insulation.

Cleanup .... Phil:

There's just a little bit of dust left on the floor. I'll bring in the shop vac and clean it up.

Pat:

Don't do that. Use the HEPA vacuum.

Phil:

The HEPA vacuum broke this morning. Besides, the shop vac is OK to use inside the containment. The negative air machine will filter out any dust we kick up.

Pat:

Why don't we just wet the dust down and sweep it up?

Phil:

That will take too much time. I've got a date tonight and I want to get out of here before the second shift comes to . take down the enclosure.

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Discussion Questions (Choose one or two of the following questions to discuss.) 1. Is it OK to use a regular shop vacuum to clean up asbestos as long as you're inside an enclosure? Why or why not? 2. Do you need to worry about kicking up asbestos dust inside the containment? Why or why not? 3. If Phil uses the shop vac, how could it effect the people on the next shift? 4. How could it affect the next person who uses the shop vac?

Cleanup and Disposal It is very important to clean up the work room after you remove the asbestos. The work is not finished until the job passes an air sample. This is a very strict test. If all of the asbestos has not been cleaned off of beams, poly, waste bags, tools, and other surfaces, the job will not pass the air sample. Everything will have to be cleaned again until the job passes the air sample. It can be very expensive to clean and take air samples again. If you do a careful job the first time, you will not have to spend time later on cleaning the room again. 1. Clean Up the Asbestos You Can See It takes a long time to clean up an asbestos job. The first step is to clean up all the asbestos you can see. As you take the asbestos down, bag it up. Clean the ceiling and other surfaces with a nylon-bristle brush. Wipe the surface with a damp rag until you can't see any fibers. Then clean the poly on the walls and floors with damp rags and HEPA vacs. 288

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Start at the top and work down. After the first cleaning, a supervisor may do an inspection. She makes sure there is no asbestos she can see.

2. Lock Down the Asbestos You Can't See

Then seal up the asbestos fibers you can't see. Use a low-pressure sprayer to spray a sealant called "lockdown." Spray the ceiling and the poly. This glues down any fibers you missed so they can't get in the air. Not all contract specs say you have to use a lockdown spray. But it is hard to pass the air sample at the end of the job without it. You may not use lockdown spray instead of cleaning.

3. Take down the first two layers of poly

After you clean, you're ready to take down the first layer of poly. Cut the sheets into six-foot-wide strips. Cut through one layer of poly only. Roll the poly onto itself, from the top down. Fold it into bundles that you can handle easily and bag it. Then take the first layer off the floors. Cut through the first layer of poly and roll it, bundle it, and bag it. Once you take down the first layer of poly, put lockdown spray on the second layer. Cut, roll, bundle, and bag this second layer of poly. (Sometimes the job is left overnight to let the dust settle.) The critical barriers (on the doors and windows) must stay up until the job passes an air test at the end of the job.

4. Waste disposal

All poly has to be sealed in air-tight bags with labels, just like asbestos. Sometimes there is a waste load-out, which is like a decon for waste bags. It has two rooms – a wash room and a holding room. A worker inside the work room puts the bag into the wash room. A worker in the wash room washes off The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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the bag and stores it in the holding room. People don't walk through the waste load-out. Only waste bags go through it. Anything with asbestos on it must be taken to an EPA-approved asbestos landfill. It must be sealed in leak-proof, labeled bags or containers. The waste truck should have closed sides and a top. The truck should be lined with poly. It should be cleaned at the end of the job. Bladder bags are very large 6-mil poly bags. Bladder bags are used to line a dumpster or truck. 5. Cleaning Tools Everything that leaves the job has to be cleaned. This includes:

! scrapers ! squeegees ! water sprayers ! tools

! respirator hoses ! hard hats ! boots ! HEPA vacuums

! scaffolds ! ladders ! negative air machines

Scrub everything off and rinse it well. Seal it in clear waste bags (with labels) and take it to the next job. You must clean scaffolding very well if it will be used on non-asbestos jobs. 6. Testing the air at the end of the job A job may look clean, but what about the asbestos you can't see? There is no way to know if the room is clean without testing the air. After the poly is taken down, an industrial hygienist (IH) will take an air sample. This air sample tells the building owner whether the room is clean enough. This final air sample is called a clearance air sample. Clearance air samples are different from the air samples taken on workers. The air is stirred up with fans. A pump pulls the air through a filter. The fans stir up any fibers that are on the walls,

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floors, or corners. More fibers can be caught on the filter. Stirring up the air is called aggressive sampling. The final air sample is sent to a lab, where the fibers are counted. There are several ways to count the fibers. In many specs, the room is clean enough when an air sample is .01 ("point oh one") fibers per cc or less. [.01 is equal to l/l0th of the Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL = 0.1 f/cc).] Sometimes the room is clean enough when it is at least as clean as the air outside the room. (This is how clearance air samples are done in most schools.) For final air samples taken in schools, the lab usually uses a very powerful microscope called a TEM (Transmission Electron) Microscope. If the job does not pass the clearance air sample, the room must be cleaned again. This is why critical barriers are left up until the job passes the test. Take a look at the sample lab report on the next page. A building owner sent a clearance air sample to a lab. The lab looked at the sample under a microscope. How many fibers per cubic centimeter did they count? Did the job pass the final clearance air test? The lab counted 0.0036 fibers per cubic centimeter. That amount 0.0036 f/cc - is less than the clearance level - 0.01 f/cc. The job is clean enough to pass! Sprayback Contract specs may also ask for new insulation to replace the asbestos.

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This could be fiberglass, mineral wool, or some other non-asbestos insulation. This replacement material is called sprayback when it is applied to surfaces where the original material was sprayed on. Don't put up sprayback until the job passes the air test. You may need to wear a respirator when you put up fiberglass or mineral wool. Just because the material isn't asbestos doesn't mean it's safe. After you put up sprayback, you can take down the critical barriers. You can take the poly off the objects in the room. You can clean the decon and take it down. You can take out the negative air machine.

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Re-insulation After removing pipe insulation, muds, wraps, or any other asbestos material that was not spray applied, you need to re-insulate. Most reinsulation materials are put on in the same way the asbestos materials were applied. Replacement materials can be dangerous to work with so be sure to read the labels and ask questions about them. Storage, Transportation, and Disposal Project Design Asbestos removal is the primary goal of abatement. However, improper storage onsite, transportation offsite, and land fill disposal of waste can create a nightmare if improperly conducted. Correct disposal begins with good project design. Planning for waste disposal answers the following:

! How will asbestos be securely stored onsite? ! How will it be safely transported offsite? ! What kind of landfill should it be transported to ensure proper disposal?

These questions must be answered prior to officially removing any amount of asbestos. In fact, project specifications should address each item separately. If specification does not address these issues, each item should be addressed before project begins. Even if you remove only one-bag of ACM as part of a Class III -- Repair Activity or Class IV -- Maintenance Activity, you must treat your disposable waste the same was as Class l or Class II projects. Your project is not complete until all removed ACM is deposited into an EPA-approved and certified landfill and, moreover, a complete waste shipment record must be returned to the Building Owners (Generator). If materials are improperly handled, building owner, contractor, and transporter can all be fined. Typically, good waste handling requires good project design. On small jobs, waste load-out is usually conducted by passing it out the decon. This procedure can lead to contamination of the decon unit. For larger more complex abatement jobs, a separate waste load-out area should be considered. This may include a sectioned storage area where bagged material can be thoroughly decontaminated before leaving the job site.

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Friable versus Non-Friable As discussed, pre-job abatement activities should resolve how wastes are to be handled. This should also include also how friable and non-friable materials will be handled. All friable materials are regulated when removed. However, non-friable material removal will depend on how it is handled during removal process. For example, intact non-friable floor tile may be left as is for demolition in some states. However, if this material is likely to become friable (i.e. sanding, grinding, etc.), then it must be removed as required by NESHAPS. A similar situation occurs when removing roofing materials. All dust generated during cutting of roof materials should be controlled at point-of-release. However, disposal of roofing waste will depend on state or local requirements.

Labeling OSHA labeling regulations, as contained in 29 CFR Part 1926.1101 Section K (8), requires that each bag, container, or sealed waste material contain the following warning label:

DANGER CONTAINS ASBESTOS FIBERS AVOID CREATING DUST CANCER AND LUNG DISEASE HAZARD Once asbestos waste materials are labeled, little guidance for storage onsite is contained within Federal regulations. However, security of material is extremely important. All waste materials must be securely stored in order to prevent vandalism and release of asbestos fibers. Local and state authorities can provide additional guidance on this matter.

Chain of Custody All during the removal process, a documented chain of custody must be

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maintained. The kind of materials removed, the amount of material, and the amount transported to the landfill must be documented. All Chain of Custody forms must be signed off on as waste changes hands along its route to the landfill.

Transportation Once demolition or renovation, waste materials have been prepared, materials must be properly transported to an EPAapproved landfill. EPA guidance for proper disposal is contained in NESHAPS Regulations 40 CFR Subpart M (Section 61.150). In summary, asbestos waste transportation and disposal requires: 1. Discard no visible emissions during transportation; 2. Maintain asbestos waste in adequately wet state during transportation; 3. All ACM must be transported to and deposited in an EPA landfill; and 4. Complete and return to building owner (generator), a fully executed signed copy of waste shipment record after deposit in landfill. All chain of custody forms generated should be maintained as part of project file. Project closeout is not complete until waste shipment record is submitted. DOT regulations 49 CFR 171 and 172 regulate transportation of asbestos-containing waste materials. It also contains requirements for waste containment, shipping papers, and placarding of transport vehicles. Vehicles transporting hazardous waste such as asbestos must contain the following placard symbol ORM 9. The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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SAMPLE QUESTIONS ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION QUESTIONS: 1.

When should waste collected from a job remain onsite? Depending on state regulations, intact non-friable floor tile and roofing material may remain on site.

2.

Why do EPA/NESHAPS regulations require "No Visible Emissions?" EPA is concerned with a clean environment. NESHAPS is an EPA clean air regulation. “No visible emissions” means no asbestos demolition/renovation debris escaping into the environement.

3.

Who is always responsible for assuring that waste is sent to an EPA approved landfill? Building Owner/Generator

4.

How does a generator insure that all waste are properly placed in a landfill? Chain-of-custody = Generator receives verification from EPA approved and certified landfill’s receipt of generator’s shipment.

5.

What document(s) are necessary to complete a job? Labels, shipment papers (manifest, bill of lading), DOT placards (ORM 9)

6.

Should Class I, II, III, and IV friable waste be handled differently? If yes, why? Explain Yes. There isn’t any Class IV waste. Class I is always friable. Class II and III may be friable. Per state law, non-friable asbestos waste may be handled as regular demolition /renovation waste.

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7.

When does NESHAPS treat friable and non-friable waste equally? If, during demolition or remodeling, asbestos removal may result in making non-friable asbestos friable, then asbestos waste is treated equally.

8.

What is the primary concern with NESHAPS? The proper containment and disposal of asbestos during the demolition and renovation of buildings.

9.

Why should waste remain adequately wet during transportation to landfill? To prevent the release of asbestos fibers into the air –

For More Information: U.S. EPA. National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESMPS) Asbestos Regulations (40 CFR 61, SubQart M), 1994. DOT 49 CFR 171 and 172. Regulates Transportation of Asbestos Containing Waste Material. Requires Waste Containment and Shipping Papers, 1992. OSHA Asbestos Standard, 29 CFR 1926.1101, Appendix F, "Work Practices and Engineering Controls for Major Asbestos Removal...." Georgia Tech Research Institute, Chapter XIV, "Sampling and Analytical Methodology Pertaining to Asbestos Abatement," in "Model Curriculum for Training Asbestos Abatement Contractors and Supervisors," available from National Technical Information Services, (703) 487-4650. EPA, " Asbestos Waste Management Guidance: Generation, Transport, Disposal," Publication No. EP N530-SW-85-007. National Institute of Building Sciences, "Removal of Asbestos Containing Materials," in Model Asbestos Guide Specification, Section 02084.

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CLEANUP AND DISPOSAL Key Facts 1. Use damp rags and HEPA vacuums to clean up the work room. First clean all the asbestos you can see. Then clean all the asbestos you can't see. 2. Spray a lockdown spray on the surface and on the poly. 3. Roll up the poly from the top down and bag it as asbestos waste. Leave the critical barriers up until the job passes the clearance air sample. 4. Take asbestos, poly, dirty suits and other waste to an EPA approved asbestos landfill. 5. Clean all tools with wet rags and HEPA vacs. 6. The clearance air sample tells the building owner whether the room is clean enough. Clearance air sampling uses aggressive sampling-stirring up the air with fans. Clearance air samples are sent to a lab, where the fibers are counted. A Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) is often used. A job is not clean until the air sample shows 0.01 f/cc or less. 7. After the job passes the clearance air sample, put up new insulation (sprayback).

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Discussion Questions 1.

Why is it important to clean up the poly if it will be will thrown out anyway?

2.

Some people say that lockdown should not be used. They argue that cleanup should be done so well that lockdown is not needed. What do you think?

3.

After taking off most of the asbestos, a contractor spray painted the beams instead of cleaning them off. What is the problem with this?

4.

Why is the air stirred up before clearance air samples are taken?

5.

Why do you wait until the job passes the air test to put up sprayback?

6.

In what order would you conduct the following clean-up activities? ___ Wet wipe/HEPA vacuum first (inside) layer of plastic. ___ Conduct visual inspection of the work area. ___ Disassemble the decontamination unit. ___ Wet wipe/HEPA vacuum the second (outside) layer of plastic. ___ Clean primary (critical) barriers. ___ Conduct clearance air monitoring. ___ Take down primary (critical) barriers. ___ Spray a lockdown encapsulant on substrate surface and/or plastic. ___ Remove all bags of waste from the work area.

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Notes & Scribbles

Off-loading bagged ACM waste at a EPA - approved land fill. 300

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7 OTHER HEALTH AND SAFETY PROBLEMS In this chapter you will learn about these dangers on asbestos jobs: Problems with heat. Noise. Cuts and bleeding. Burns. Chemicals other than asbestos. Shock. Oxygen-deficient atmospheres. Tight spaces. Slips, trips, and back injuries. Electrical shocks. Fires & Explosions. Mold. Dangers from scaffolds and ladders. Safety ... Supervisor: Brian: Supervisor: Brian:

Supervisor:

Why are you taking your mask off? You know you're supposed to keep it on while you're in the work area. I'm too hot. And I've got a real bad itch right under my facepiece. You're the third person who's done that today. I'm going to write up the next person who takes their mask off in here! It's not our fault! These half-mask respirators are just too uncomfortable to wear in the summer. We asked the company for PAPR's last month, but they won't give them to us. Listen, you've just got to be more careful. It's for your own good. .

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Discussion Questions (Choose one or two of the following questions to discuss.) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Who is right, the foreman or Brian? Why did Brian take his mask off? Is it OK to take your mask off in the containment? What should the workers do if they have to take their masks off? What could the company do to make it easier for workers to keep their masks on? What could the foreman do? What would you do if you were Brian ? What would you do if you were the foreman?

Other Health and Safety Problems Asbestos is a slow danger on a removal job. But short-term hazards, such as electrocution and fires, can hurt you much more quickly. Asbestos removal is demolition work. Demolition is the most dangerous type of construction work. In this chapter we will discuss some of the short-term dangers on asbestos jobs, such as: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

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Problems with heat Cuts and bleeding Burns Chemicals other than asbestos Oxygen-deficient atmospheres Electrical shocks Noise Fires and explosions Tight spaces Dangers from ladders and scaffolds Slips, trips, and back injuries Shock Mold

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Problems with Heat Your body tries to cool itself by sweating. On the job, you work in a suit that doesn't let your body heat escape. Your lungs have to work harder to pull air through a respirator. The air conditioning must be shut off. You work very hard. If your body overheats, you can get very sick. Overheating can cause heat stroke (a medical emergency) or heat exhaustion. Heat stroke happens when your body can't control its temperature. You stop sweating. Sweating is your body's way of cooling itself. Your body overheats. Heat stroke can kill you or cause brain damage. Here are some signs of heat stroke.

Signs of Heat Stroke ! ! ! !

Hot skin Dry skin Flushed skin Confusion

! ! ! !

Headache Dizziness Nausea Fainting

If a worker shows signs of heat stroke, get the person to the hospital right away. Pack ice around the person until the ambulance arrives. Unless the victim is treated quickly, he or she could die. Call 911 and tell the operator there is a medical emergency. There may be a few places in the country where the 911 system is not available. If you are working in one of these areas, memorize the number for emergency help. Until the ambulance comes, you need to cool off the body of a person with heat stroke. The body can't do this by itself. Get the worker out of the work room. Take off the suit and respirator. Be sure the person is still breathing. Cool the body off with water as soon as possible. You can hold the worker in the shower for a minute. Be sure you don't get water in the nose or mouth. You can wet the skin and fan it. Don't give water to a person who has fainted. You could make the person choke. Heat exhaustion happens when you lose a lot of water from sweating. Sometimes you lose a lot of salt, too.

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Signs of Heat Exhaustion ! Cool skin ! Sweaty skin ! Pale skin

! Headache ! Dizziness ! Nausea

Do these sound familiar? The last three signs of heat stress: headache, dizziness, and nausea are also signs of heat stroke. If a worker has hot, dry, flushed skin, he or she probably has heat stroke. Cool the person down until an ambulance arrives. If the person has cool, clammy, pale skin, he probably has heat exhaustion – cool the body down. Get the worker out of the work room. Take off the suit and respirator and give the person cool water to drink. If the worker faints, call an ambulance. She may have heat stroke. Don't give water to a person who has fainted. You could make the person choke. Watch out for these warning signs of heat problems:

! ! ! !

Less alert; Gets a headache; Less coordinated; and Feels sick to stomach

These signs could be the beginning of heat stroke or heat stress. If you start to feel like this, leave the work area. Be sure to take off your booties and wash up. Drink some cool water. If a co-worker shows these signs, get the person out of the work room and have him or her drink cool water. Heat can make you less coordinated. This can cause other accidents. Heat can also cause muscle cramps or heat rash. These can also be used as warning signals of heat stress or heat stroke. Heat can also make a worker faint. Take a worker who has fainted out of the work area. Be sure that a person who has fainted does not have a more serious problem.

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Preventing Heat Problems Here are some ways to prevent heat problems: Drink lots of water – Your body loses lots of water when you sweat. It is best to drink every half hour. But you probably won't be able to go through the decon that often. Drink 8 to 16 ounces of water at every break. Drink some orange juice and eat bananas – or eat potato chips or one salty food once a day. Your body may need a little extra salt. But most Americans already eat too much salt. If you are on a low-salt diet for your heart do not eat extra salt. Salt tablets are very dangerous. Do not take them. You may want to drink a thirst quencher like Gatorade™. Take breaks – Your body will handle heat better if it can cool down sometimes. At least two breaks a day and a lunch break will help your body handle heat better. Get used to heat gradually -- It takes about two weeks for your body to get used to working in the heat. Your body can get unused to heat in about four days. New workers should only work a half day in the heat for the first few days. They should not work a full shift until the end of their first week. Use cooling vests -- There is some new equipment that can help keep you cool. Cooling vests have ice packs in them. The ice melts, and they can be uncomfortable. When you are working in very hot areas, cool vests can prevent heat problems. Cut down on alcohol -- Alcohol dries out your body. Even if you only have two beers the night before work, you are more likely to have problems with heat. If you drink, do it on the weekend when you don't have to work the next morning. Then drink lots of water before going to work.

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Heat Related Disorders Disorder

Symptoms

Remedy

Heat Rash

• Rash on Skin • Prickly feeling • Tiny red blisters

• Apply mild drying lotions • Keep skin clean

Heat Cramps

• Pain in muscles

• Replenish salt and electrolyte levels

Heat Fainting

• Fainting after working in a hot area for long time

• Move worker to cool, dry place • Lie worker down and raise his/her legs

Heat Stress

• Headache • Nausea • Dizziness • Cool, sweaty, pale skin

• Move worker to a cool, dry, shady place. Have someone stay with the worker. • Cool the worker with cold water or by fanning. • Replace body liquids.

Heat Stroke

• Headache • Nausea • Dizziness • Hot, dry, flushed skin • Confusion • Fainting

• Call 911 for help!! • Move worker to a cool, dry, shady place. • If the worker is conscious, give him/her something to drink. • Cool victim by fanning • Follow doctor's orders.

Cuts and Bleeding Whenever someone has a cut that is bleeding heavily, you should cover the wound with a clean cloth. Press on the cloth to give direct pressure on the wound. Elevate the wound also. If the wound does not stop bleeding within a few minutes, call 911 for emergency help. At the same time you are applying direct pressure on the wound and elevating it, you can put direct pressure on the pressure points. You have two pressure points on each side of your body that can be used to stop bleeding. One is

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inside the arm, under your bicep. The other pressure point is at the top of your leg, just inside your hip. Press hard on the wound and the nearest pressure point, while elevating the wound until emergency personnel arrive.

Burns

Do not clean burns or break blisters; remove any clothing that sticks to the burn; apply ointment or medication to severe burns; or use cotton to cover burns. First Degree Burns -- redness or discoloration of skin; mild swelling and pain. Run water over the burn for at least 15 minutes. Then blot gently and apply a dry sterile pad if necessary. Medical treatment is usually not necessary; however if severe symptoms exist, call for professional medical help. Be alert for signs of shock. Never heat a needle and puncture a blister. Second Degree Burns - deep burn with red or mottled appearance; blisters; considerable pain and swelling; and skin surface appears wet. If arms and legs are effected, elevate the injury above heart level. Burns may be deep and potentially serious, requiring medical treatment depending on the extent and location. Be alert for signs of shock and infection. See treatment for second degree burns. Third Degree Burns -- deep tissue destruction with a white or charred appearance; no pain. Call for professional medical help immediately. Be alert for signs of shock. See treatment for third degree burns.

Chemicals Other than Asbestos You have learned about some dangerous chemicals used at work » » » » » »

methylene chloride (in spray glue ) ammonia (in spray poly) isocyanates (in polyurethane foam) surfactant (in amended water) fiberglass (for replacing) solvents (for taking off floor tile glue)

Willson brand HEPA/ Organic Vapor combo filter

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» lockdown » encapsulants » carbon monoxide (from motors) An asbestos filter on your respirator will not protect you from other chemicals. For example, you might need both a black filter (for methylene chloride) and a magenta filter (for asbestos). You might need both a green filter (for ammonia) and a magenta filter (for asbestos). You may also remove asbestos in a chemical plant, lab, or some place where other chemicals are used. You need to know what you are working with. Your employer must have you trained about the chemicals you work with. This is called Right-To-Know training. When you work with harmful gases or vapors, you must protect yourself. Your employer must give you the right respirator and filters. Your employer also must give you a schedule which tells you when to change your gas or vapor filters.

Carbon Monoxide

Carbon monoxide is a dangerous gas. It can poison you. It can cause permanent brain damage and can even kill you. It has no smell, taste, or color. It comes from motors, such as air compressors and portable generators. It can be a real problem if you are using Type C respirators. Here are some signs of carbon monoxide poisoning. Suddenly you begin to feel drunk and dizzy and you may start swaying back and forth. Your thinking gets foggy. You may even begin to act crazy and can fall unconscious. You may feel -! faint ! like throwing up ! sleepy

! headache ! nauseous ! dizzy

Does this sound familiar? Three signs of carbon monoxide poisoning: headache, nausea, and dizziness are also signs of heat stroke and heat stress. If a worker has these signs, get her out of the work room and take off her respirator. If the person faints, call an ambulance. If a person does not respond to you when you call their name and shake their shoulder, they are unconscious. If a worker becomes unconscious because of carbon monoxide, be prepared to give CPR (carpio-pulmonary resuscitation). CPR is a way to get someone's heart and lungs working again. There should always be someone 308

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on your crew who has current CPR certification. You can get certified by taking CPR classes. They are given at your local Red Cross, American Lung Association, and the National Safety Council. If you begin to have signs of carbon monoxide poisoning and you are wearing a Type C respirator, turn on your escape gear and disconnect your air line. Alert your co-workers and get out of the work area. Help your coworkers to get out and have the air purification system checked.

Oxygen-Deficient and Enriched Atmospheres Oxygen is a gas in the air you breathe. There must be between 19.5% and 23.5% oxygen in the air when you are working. If the oxygen level goes below 19.5% in a work area, that area has an oxygen-deficient atmosphere. Oxygen deficient atmospheres may be caused by chemical reactions, work being done, or replacement of oxygen by carbon monoxide or another gas. Air should be tested to see if there is enough oxygen in any confined space. If you are in an area that has an oxygen-deficient atmosphere, you may feel light headed, anxious, or start to act silly. If you think you are in an oxygen-deficient atmosphere, get out. If the oxygen levels are low enough, you could die in minutes. Only enter an oxygen-deficient atmosphere wearing a self-contained breathing apparatus, or supplied air respirator with bottle escape. If the oxygen content is above 23.5%, it is enriched and is a explosive hazard. Do not enter or remain in an oxygen-enriched area unless you are trained and properly equipped.

Electrical Shocks Electricity is measured in volts. Even a few volts can kill you if the electricity goes through your heart. Electricity follows the easiest path to the earth. It is very easy for electricity to travel through water. If you are wet and you touch electricity, it may travel through your body. A wire with electricity going through it is called a "live" wire. If a tool or an extension cord is broken, it may have a short. This means that the electricity doesn't flow through the right wires. It may flow through the tool and into your body. Electricity is a problem on asbestos jobs because:

! A lot of water is used. ! Power tools are used. ! Metal tools may be used.

! Power may not be shut off. ! Extension cords are used. ! Exposed wires.

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Preventing Electrical Shocks

The best way to protect workers from shocks is to prevent shocks. OSHA says your employer has to prevent shocks. Your employer can use a sensitive circuit breaker or a written program. A Ground Fault Interrupter (GFI) is a very sensitive circuit breaker. If there is a short, the GFI should shut off the power before it can hurt your heart. A Ground Fault Interrupter is a very good way to prevent shocks. Each extension cord should have its own GFI. Your employer can also use a written program. With a written program, you count on a person (instead of a piece of equipment) to keep you safe. You can do the following to prevent electric shocks on the job -Don't use too much water -- Don't use so much water that there are pools on the floor. Clean up small amounts of water with a wet/dry HEPA vac. Never use water around live wires. Shut off the power -- Lock the electrical box. Your employer should have an electrician come in and test the wires. You might think that all the power is shut off, but it may not be. You could be in for a big surprise. Cover electrical outlets -- Be sure that electrical outlets and boxes are covered water-tight. Use safe power tools -- Power tools should be double insulated. This means the outside of the tool doesn't touch the wires in the cord. Tools should also be grounded. This means there is an extra wire in the cord. If there is a short, electricity will travel through the extra wire. Electricity should not go into your body. A grounded tool has three prongs on the plug (instead of two). Never cut the third prong off a grounded plug. Use an adapter. Attach the wire on the adapter to the plate on the outlet. Keep power tools in perfect shape– It is much easier to get a shock from a broken tool. Broken tools should be taken off the job. They should have a DO NOT USE tag on them. Do not try to fix a broken tool unless you have been trained. Always unplug a tool before trying to fix 310

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it. Some companies cut the cord of a broken tool so no one can use it. Here are some ways to keep tools in perfect shape:

! Inspect the tool before you use it. ! Give broken tools to your supervisor. ! Be sure the tool is sharp-the motor has to work harder if it is dull. ! Don't carry a tool by its cord. ! Don't unplug a tool by pulling on the cord. ! Store tools where they won't be damaged.

Use safe extension cords -- Heavy-duty wire is not meant for temporary wiring. Your employer must give you extension cords with plugs for power tools. Your employer should give you grounded extension cords. Keep extension cords in perfect shape -- There may be a lot of extension cords on the job. The negative air machine needs one. So do power tools and lights. Extension cords need to be taped up off the floor. If a scaffold runs over the cords, it could cut them. Never hang extension cords with wire. This could cause a shock. When you attach a tool to an extension cord, put electrical tape around the joint. Also do this when you attach two extension cords together. Never use metal hand tools or ladders- Electricity travels through metal. If you touch a live wire with a metal shovel, you could get a bad shock. Your employer should give you plastic or wood tools. Metal tools with plastic handles are safer. Metal ladders are also dangerous. Your employer should give you wood or fiberglass ladders. Wires in walls and ceilings -- When you scrape asbestos off a ceiling, you might uncover wires. It is very important to shut off the electricity and have an electrician test it. If a worker has been shocked, do not touch him -- You might get a shock yourself. Shut off the power first. Then use dry wood pole to move him away from anything metal. Someone on the job should be trained to do CPR.

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Use protective equipment – Preventing shocks is the best way to protect workers. But if you must work around live wires, you need to protect yourself. You may need rubber gloves, a hard hat, and rubber boots. The equipment must be made for working with electricity. Only some hard hats are made for working with electricity.

Noise Working in a noisy place can make it more difficult to work. Too much loud noise can also damage your health. Hearing loud noises for short periods of time can make it hard for you to hear normal noises temporarily. If you hear loud noises often for a long time, your hearing can be damaged forever. Noise can also cause you to have high blood pressure, be irritable or, may upset your sleep temporarily. Noise is measured in units called decibels (dB). If a noise is increased by 3 dB, it sounds twice as loud. A very soft whisper is 30 dB. A loud rock band may play at 120 dB. OSHA has a law that says your employer must make hearing protection available to you if you work for 8 hours when the noise level is above 85 dB. But studies have many scientists recommending that everyone exposed above 80 dB wears hearing protection. The law requires that you have tests every year to measure your hearing if you work at noise levels above 85 dB. Some HEPA vacuums can cause a noise level of 80 dB. You will be more comfortable if you wear ear plugs or ear muffs while working with a HEPA vacuum. Your employer should help you make sure that your plugs or muffs fit properly.

Fires and Explosions A fire on an asbestos job is very dangerous. Poly, duct tape, and disposable suits burn fast. Poly will melt and can burn at about 150 degrees. The negative air machine makes the fire spread fast. The work room is dark and there is only one exit. The best way to deal with fires is to prevent them. Any fire needs three things: fuel (something that burns); heat (the heat, flame or spark that starts the fire); and oxygen (in the air). Preventing fires means keeping fuel, heat and oxygen from coming together.

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FUEL » poly » duct tape » spray glue » encapsulant » disposable suits » wood

HEAT OXYGEN » welding » air » cutting torches » negative air » electrical wires machine » lights » broken tools » operating machines » cigarettes

Welding and cutting -- These are often used in demolition. A worker must stand by with a fire extinguisher in case any sparks fly. Electrical wires and lights -- An ordinary lamp on the floor can start a fire. Never wrap lights in poly. Heat will build up and can set the poly on fire. Your employer must use safety lights. The lights have cages that keep the hot bulb from starting a fire. They are also safe in water.

A fire or a trip waiting to happen

Tools -- If tools are kept in perfect shape, they are not likely to start a fire. Operating machines -- These need extra protection during setup. Cigarettes are not allowed on asbestos jobs. Do not smoke during setup. Poly and spray glue both catch fire very easily. There are some new products which can help prevent fires. Fire-resistant poly doesn't burn as easily. New spray glues use chemicals that don't burn as easily. Flammable Vapors Some chemicals can give off vapors that can ignite and burn. Many glues and mastics used on work sites produce flammable vapors. Flammable gases may also be present at the work site. These include those that the workers bring on site, like acetylene for use in torches or methane gas, a naturally occurring flammable gas. Serious injury or death can result from fires due to flammable vapors. For this reason, OSHA has established standards to prevent workers from being in

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flammable atmospheres. If you suspect a flammable atmosphere exists, air monitoring must be conducted to determine if the area is safe. In case of fire If there is a fire in the work room, get out. The fire will spread very quickly. You may have to cut through the poly to get out of the work room. Your employer must have fire extinguishers and an escape plan. Fire extinguishers need to be able to put out wood, chemical, and electrical fires. These are called ABC-rated fire extinguishers. If there are sprinklers, your employer should try to leave them in service as long as possible. The escape plan includes a map and emergency phone numbers. The plan should be hung in the decon. When you start a job, look at the map. Figure out how you would get out in an emergency. Do you have to dial "9" to make a phone call outside of the building? Is there an emergency exit from the work room? Are there arrows made out of tape on the walls to show you how to get out? If the fire started near the decon, you will not be able to get out that way. Where is the fire extinguisher? Do you know how to use it?

Confined Spaces (29 CFR 1910.146.) There are some cases where you may work in a small area that is hard to get out of. This might happen if you are taking asbestos off the inside of a steam tunnel, a factory oven, or a storage tank. It may be hard to get out of these confined spaces. A "confined space" is an area that has limited opening to get in and out, has poor natural air flow, and is not designed to be worked in continuously. Confined space work can be very dangerous. You need to be trained in special procedures and safety practices. The air quality inside a confined space may be very different than the air outside of the area. Deadly gases may be trapped inside, or there might not be enough oxygen. The air should be tested inside a confined space before you go in to make sure it is safe. A ventilating system may be hooked up, and air monitoring should continue throughout the entire project. If you work inside a confined space, you should wear a rescue harness.

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There should be another worker outside (attendant) who checks on you at least every few minutes. He can pull you out if something happens to you. Other safety measures include:

! Preparing a written rescue plan; ! Locking and tagging-out all energy sources;

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! Using an entry permit system; ! Using proper entry and rescue equipment; and ! Making sure all team members understands their roles. People can die in confined spaces. This happens when safety procedures aren't followed. Using an entry permit – a kind of check off list – helps to avoid such deaths and accidents. No one should go into a confined space to rescue a worker unless he or she is trained and protected. Many people die trying to rescue workers in confined spaces. Hurrying to help out, rescuers often forget to follow safety procedures.

Ladders (29 CFR 1926. Sub Part X) Never use metal ladders. Electricity passes through them, and it can shock you. Also be sure that ladders are in perfect shape. Ladders can be dangerous if they are not used properly and kept in good condition. Every time you use a ladder, check for these things: » » » » » »

broken steps; broken hinges; broken feet; wobbly ladder; no rubber safety feet; and water on the ladder.

Here are some ways to use ladders safely -Don't lean a step ladder against a wall. Use a ladder that's made to lean against a wall. If you lean a ladder against a wall, set it up so that the top of the ladder is four times higher than the distance from the wall to the base of the ladder. Only use one side of a step ladder. The other side isn't made to hold a person. Face the ladder. Don't stand on it backwards. 316

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Don't stand higher than two steps from the top of a step ladder. Get a taller ladder. Don't use a ladder as a platform. Use a piece of wood.

Scaffolds (29 CFR 1926 Sub Part L) Scaffolds on wheels are common on asbestos jobs. Metal scaffolds are not safe. Electricity travels through metal. If you touch a live wire with a metal scaffold, you can get a bad shock. You can't tell whether a scaffold is safe by looking at it. Scaffolds must be put together by someone with experience. All the parts must fit perfectly. They should be inspected by someone other than the person who built them. Here are some rules about scaffolds on wheels -All scaffolds should have railings. These keep you from falling over the side. Fall Protection is required if scaffolds are more than 10 feet high. The scaffold parts must be locked together with pins. The wheels must be locked when people are on the scaffold. Generally: Scaffolds may not be more than 4 times higher than they are wide. A scaffold 6' wide may not be more than 24' high; otherwise, they must be secured. Boards may not overlap the ends of the scaffold more than 1 foot or less than 6 inches. If you step on

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the end of the board, the board could tip over and you would fall. It is safer to use scrapers with long handles than to work on a scaffold. If you are using air-supplied respirators, it is easy for the hose to be caught on the scaffold. Be sure that there is enough hose for you to move around. It is even more important not to fall off scaffolding. If you fall, you may be trapped by the hose. It can pull the respirator off your face. The hose could pull other people off the scaffold.

Slips, Trips, and Falls When you work, you wear slippery booties on your feet. The floor has plastic on it. There is water on the floor. You may drag a 300-foot-long air hose behind you. It is easy to slip or trip. You can reduce your risk of falling. Here are some ways to prevent falls on the job – Keep the floor dry Don't use too much water Use a wet/dry HEPA vac to pick up small amounts of water Wear boots outside of your booties. You cannot wear these boots outside an asbestos job. ! Tape extension cords up on the walls. ! Keep boxes, bags, and other junk out of the way. ! Keep air lines from getting tangled.

! ! ! !

Back injuries

Back injuries are very common and very painful. Back injuries are one of the most common injuries to workers in America. They are hard to treat. It is much easier to prevent back problems than to treat them. Here are some ways to prevent back problems –

! Figure out how much you can lift comfortably. ! Figure out a way to lift that's comfortable for you. Lift close to your

body. ! Try to keep your back straight when you lift. Use your legs to lift. ! Don't lift, twist, and turn at the same time. This is when most back injuries occur. ! Get help to lift heavy bags.

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Shock Whenever anyone has suffered a serious injury , they can go into shock. People who have been cut badly or have a serious burn may go into shock. Shock happens when some parts of the body have a sudden need for a lot of extra blood. Because blood is flowing to other parts of the body, there is less blood going to the brain and the person goes into shock. Symptoms of shock are --

! ! ! !

Cold, wet skin Pale Rapid heartbeat Thready pulse (When someone has a thready pulse, you may not be able to feel a regular beat at their wrist. You may feel the blood running under the skin, but no regular rhythm.)

Shock can be very serious. People can die from shock. Whenever someone goes into shock, you should call 911 or the local emergency number for emergency help. To treat a person in shock, the person should lie down. Lift their feet up about 6 inches, unless the person has an injury to their legs. Cover the person with a light blanket, unless they are sweating heavily. Do not give them anything to eat or drink. It is sometimes hard for people to swallow if they are in shock. Treat the person as best as you can until the emergency personnel arrive.

Mold All molds have potential health effects. Molds can produce allergens than can trigger allergic reactions or even asthma attacks in people allergic (as determined by a physician) to mold. Others are known to produce potent toxins and/or irritants. Unfortunately, medical studies seeking to establish direct health effect results to mold exposure are a mixed bag of results. Currently there are not any OSHA PELs, NIOSH RELs, nor ACGIH TLVs for exposure to mold. EPA has produced a set of remediation guidelines, as has the city of New York. The term

Mold growth after one week in lab conditions

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“professional judgment” can be found in the place legally enforceable work practices. OSHA Class 1 asbestos abatement required regulated area setup, disposal, and worker PPE exceeds EPA mold remediation recommended practices. Work practices are necessarily different and personal decontamination for mold exposure is less stringent. If mold is found during an Class 1 asbestos abatement job, the property’s owner will decide whether or not to remediate the mold contamination while removing asbestos. Since both removal processes make use poly wall and room barriers, HEPA vacuums, and negative air machines (depending on the level of mold contamination), an owner might decide to have an Class 1 asbestos abatement crew remove mold damaged building parts. Workers performing Class 2 or 3 asbestos abatement work may find changes in PPE, work setup, and remediation.

Non-Regulatory Mold Remediation Guidelines Containment ............... Limited: Use poly sheeting ceiling to floor around affected area with slit entry and covering flap; maintain area under negative air pressure with HEPA filtered fan unit. Block supply and return air vents within the containment area. Full: Use two layers of fire-retardant poly with one airlock chamber. Maintain area under negative air pressure with HEPA filtered air fan exhausted outside of building. Block supply and return air vents within contaminated area. Cleanup Methods ....... Method 1: Wet vacuum (in case of porous materials, some mold spores/fragments will remain in the material but will not grow if the material is completely dried.) Steam cleaning may be an alternative for carpets and some upholstered furniture. Method 2: Damp-wipe surfaces with plain water or water and detergent solution (except wood – use wood floor cleaner); scrub as needed. Method 3: HEPA vacuum after the material has 320

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been thoroughly dried. Dispose os the contents of the HEPA vacuum in well-sealed plastic bags. Method 4: Remove water-damaged materials and seal in plastic bags while inside of containment, if present. Dispose of as normal waste. HEPA vacuum area after it is dried. PPE ................................ Minimum: Gloves, N95 filtering facepiece respirator, goggles/eye protection Limited: Gloves, N95 filtering facepiece respirator or half-face respirator with HEPA filters, disposable overalls, goggles/eye protection Full: Gloves, disposable full body clothing, head gear, foot coverings, full-face respirator with HEPA filters Sources: “Bioaersols: Assessment and Control” (ACGIH, 1999) and “IICRC S500, Standard and Reference for Professional Water Damage Restoration” (Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration, 1999).

Medical Evaluation

Individuals with persistent health problems that appear to be related to fungi or other bioaerosols should see their physicians for a referral to practitioners who are trained in occupational/environmental medicine or related specialties and are knowledgeable about these types of exposures. Clinical tests that can determine the source, place, or time of exposure to fungi or their products are not currently available. Antibodies developed by exposed persons to fungal agents can only document that exposure has occurred. Persons recovering from surgery, or people with immune suppression, asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, severe allergies, sinusitis, or other chronic inflammatory lung diseases may be at greater risk for developing health problems associated with certain fungi.

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OTHER SAFETY AND HEALTH PROBLEMS Key Facts Heat stroke A medical emergency: call an ambulance Symptoms: hot skin, dry skin, flushed skin Get the person out of the work room. Take off the suit and respirator. Get the skin wet to cool off the body. Heat stress A medical alert Symptoms: cold skin, clammy skin, pale skin Get the person out of the work room. Take off the suit and respirator. Give the victim a cool drink. To prevent heat problems: Drink lots of water. Get used to heat gradually over 2 weeks. Take breaks. Other chemicals: An asbestos filter on your respirator will not protect you from other chemicals. Use a combination filter or an air-supplied respirator. Never use metal hand tools or ladders. Use Ground Fault Interrupters (GFI) on all power sources. Wear rubber gloves, a hard hat, and rubber boots if you work with live wires. If a worker has been shocked, shut off the power and use a dry wood pole to move the worker. To prevent fires: Have a worker stand by with a fire extinguisher when welding or cutting torches are used. Have an ABC-rated fire extinguisher on the job.

Key Facts continued on next page

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Key Facts (continued) To prevent falls: Inspect ladders every time you use them. Make sure all scaffolds have railings. Lock the wheels when people are on the scaffold. Scaffolds may not be more than four times higher than they are wide. Carbon monoxide is a dangerous gas. Signs of carbon monoxide poisoning: headache, nausea, dizziness, sleepiness, faint, throw up. Get the worker out of the work room and take off the respirator. Electrical hazards An electric shock can stop your heart. If you are wet and you touch electricity, it will travel through your body. To prevent electric shocks: Never use water around live wires. Shut off the power and lock the electrical box. Use tools that are double-insulated and grounded.

Can you find at least 5 things wrong with this?

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Safety and Health Exercise This is not a test. It is an exercise. Use it to see for yourself how well you understand the material in the chapter. 1. Why is electricity a hazard on asbestos jobs? You must keep asbestos wet. You must temporary wiring. Often there isn’t an electrician on the job. You may have to work around energized equipment. 2. Why do you need Ground Fault Interrupters (GFIs) for extension cords? There are many electrical hazards on site. A shock of low voltage but high amperage can kill you. 3. How do GFIs protect against electrical shocks? A GFCI cuts off the current in 140th of a second, before it has a chance to stop your heart. 4. What other protection can you use against electrical shocks? An assured equipment grounding program – Using grounded equipment or double-insulated equipment – Hanging wiring off the floor – Using tape or other non-conductive material to hang wires – collecting water often – Using proper PPE – Using non-conductive tools, handles, ladders, and scaffolds 5. Why shouldn't you use metal ladders? Duh! Metal conducts electricity. 6. Why are scaffolds on wheels dangerous? Duh! Scaffolds with wheels can tip easily or get away from you.

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7. How do you protect yourself from these dangers? Lock the wheels – Build scaffolds no more than 4xs as high as the base – If you are riding a scaffold, the height cannot be any more than 2xs the base. 8. Name two common tripping hazards on asbestos jobs. Wet floors – Poly on floors – slippery boot covers – stairways not protected – Type C airlines – Poor housekeeping – Electrical cords.

9. Why is fire safety a problem on removal jobs? Fuel: Poly burns at 149oF, dust tape, spray glue, studs O2: Negative air ventilation spreads flame Flame: Energized machinery, faulty temporary wiring, lamps 10. What type of fire extinguishers should be used on an asbestos job? An ABC rated fire extinguisher that can put out paper, oil, and electric fires. 11. Why is heat stress a problem on asbestos jobs? There isn’t any cooling (HVAC closed). You are wearing a respirator and suit, and the work is often done in the summer (schools). 12. What are the symptoms of heat stress? Heat Exhaustion: cold, clamy, pale skin; headache; sweating; dizziness, muscle cramps, fainting. Heat Stroke: Hot, dry, red skin. Medical emergency.

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For More Information USDOL, "Protecting Workers in Hot Environments," USDOL Fact Sheet #84-16. NIOSH, "Work in Hot Environments," Publication Ko. DHHS (NIOSH) 86-112. NIOSH, "A guide to Safety in Confined Spaces," Publication No.87-113. Federal Register, "Permit Required Confined Spaces; Notice of Proposed Rulemaking," Vol. 54, No.106, p. 24080. OSHA Electrical Standards, 29 CFR 1926.400 to 449. OSHA, "Controlling Electrical Hazards," Publication No. OSHA 3075. OSHA, "Ground Fault Protection on Construction Sites," Publication No. OSHA 3007. OSHA Ladder Standard, 29 CFR 1926. Sub Part X. OSHA Scaffold Standard, 29 CFR 1926. Sub Part L. OSHA Permit Required Confined Space Standard for General Industry, 29 CFR 1910.146 NIOSH, "General Safety Considerations," Appendix E to EPA/NIOSH, " A Guide To Respiratory Protection in the Asbestos Abatement Industry," Publication No. EPA-560-0PTS-86-001. EPA, “Mold Remediation in Schools and Public Buildings,” March 20001, EPA Publication No. 402-K-01-001 (epa.gov/iaq/molds/), 800-438-4318. New York Department of Health, Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Disease Epidemiology, “Guidelines on Assessment and Remediation of Fungi in Indoor Environments,” (ci.nyc.ny.us/html/doh/html/epi/ moldrpt1.html), 212-788-4290.

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Additional Resources

8

Digging up the facts.

Glossary ......................................................

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Acronyms ....................................................

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OSHA 29 CFR 1926.1101 Summary .......

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Terms in CAPITALS are defined in the glossary. ABATEMENT

Lessening the HAZARD of ASBESTOS. Includes ENCAPSULATE, ENCLOSE, REPAIR, and remove ASBESTOS.

ACM

Asbestos-Containing Material.

ADEQUATELY WET

ASBESTOS is "adequately wet" when it is wet enough so that no particles are released. Surfactant is used to adequately wet asbestos. One indication of this (but not the only one) is no visible emissions.

AGGRESSIVE SAMPLING

A way of taking AIR SAMPLES where the air is stirred up using fans and leaf blowers. Aggressive sampling is used for CLEARANCE AIR SAMPLES.

AHERA

The Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response ActThe EPA law covering ASBESTOS in schools.

AIRLOCK

An empty room in some DECONs. Workers pass through the flapped doors one at a time. Air cannot move through the airlock.

AIR - PURIFYING

Protective equipment. A face mask with filters that you wear.

RESPIRATOR

It filters or purifies the air in the work area.

AIR SAMPLES

Measuring the amount of ASBESTOS in the air using a pump.

AIR-SUPPLIED RESPIRATOR

Protective equipment. A face mask with a hose. It supplies clean air to you from outside the work area.

ALVEOLI

Tiny air sacs found in your lungs. They are important areas where oxygen enters your body.

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Water plus a chemical called SURFACTANT. Amended water soaks into ASBESTOS faster than plain water.

AREA AIR SAMPLE

An AIR SAMPLE taken from one spot in a room.

ASBESTOS

A natural mineral used for insulation in many buildings. Asbestos breaks into FIBERs. It causes lung cancer and other diseases.

ASBESTOSIS

A disease caused by ASBESTOS. It is the scarring of the lungs, also known as white lung.

ATTENDANT

A worker stationed outside a CONFINED SPACE to monitor what's going on inside.

B READER

A doctor who has had special training and has been certified to identify signs of occupational diseases on X-rays.

BRONCHI

A branch off the windpipe where air travels to your lungs.

BULK SAMPLE

A chunk of material which is sent to a lab to test for ASBESTOS.

CANCER

A large group of diseases where cells grow abnormally, rapidly, and out of control.

CARBON MONOXIDE

A colorless, odorless, and tasteless poisonous gas.

CARTRIDGE

A filter used on an AIR-PURIFYING RESPIRATOR.

CATEGORY I NON-FRIABLE ACM

ASBESTOS – containing gaskets, resilient floor covering, and asphalt roofing products containing more than one percent of asbestos as determined by using a PLM.

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CATEGORY II NON-FRIABLE ACM

All NON-FRIABLE materials that are not Category I non-friable ACM.

CILIA

Very tiny hairs that line the walls of your windpipe and BRONCHI. They beat rapidly and move mucus up your windpipe to remove objects from your respiratory system.

CLEAN ROOM

The last room in the DECON (going out). Clean suits, sanitized respirators, and street clothes are stored here.

CLEARANCE AIR SAMPLE

An AREA AIR SAMPLE taken at the end of the job. It tells the building owner whether the room is clean enough.

COMPETENT PERSON

In the OSHA regulations, a trained supervisor who makes sure that rules are followed and equipment works on the job.

CONFINED SPACE

A space that has the following characteristics: 1) limited openings for entry and exit, 2) inadequate natural air flow, and 3) not designed to be worked in continuously.

CONTAINMENT

Isolating the work area from the rest of the building. Usually done by putting POLY on the walls and floors and using a NEGATIVE AIR MACHINE. This keeps ASBESTOS FIBERS inside the work area.

CONTINUOUS-FLOW AIR -SUPPLIED RESPIRATOR

An AIR-SUPPLIED RESPIRATOR that has a constant amount of air which is supplied to you. It will not give you more air if you need it.

CONTRACT SPECIFICATIONS

See SPECS.

CONTROL METHODS

Ways of controlling ASBESTOS. Includes: ENCAPSULATE, ENCLOSE, REPAIR, remove, and O&M.

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Committee on Occupational Safety and Health-A community based group which helps workers with health and safety problems on the job.

CUBIC CENTIMETER

A space about the size of a sugar cube. Asbestos in the air is measured in FIBERs per cc.

DECON

Decontamination unit or area – A shower unit. The decon has three rooms: DIRTY ROOM, shower and CLEAN ROOM. Everyone must enter and leave the work room through the decon.

DEMAND-ONLY RESPIRATOR

AIR-SUPPLIED RESPIRATOR which always goes into a NEGATIVE PRESSURE before it supplies you the air that you need. This is not a respirator used for ASBESTOS ABATEMENT work.

DEMOLITION

The wrecking or taking out of a load-supporting building part and any related handling operations or the intentional burning of a facility.

DIRTY ROOM

The first room in the DECON (going out). Workers take their suits off in the dirty room on their way to the shower. Dirty hard hats and tools are also stored here.

DOSE

The amount of a substance that you take, or are exposed to, at a specific time.

DOSE-RELATED

A relationship between the amount of a substance you are exposed to and the reaction you have to that exposure.

DUCT TAPE

Sticky, often silver tape. Used to attach POLY.

DUST MASK

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ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

A microscope which beams electrons (instead of light) at a sample. Electron microscopes can blow up images much larger than LIGHT MICROSCOPEs.

ENCAPSULANT

A sticky paint used to ENCAPSULATE ASBESTOS

ENCAPSULATE

To cover ASBESTOS with a sticky paint. A way to control ASBESTOS without removing it.

ENCLOSE

To build an air-tight box around ASBESTOS. A way to control ASBESTOS without removing it.

ENGINEERING CONTROLS

Ways of controlling workplace hazards by building barriers, ventilation, etc. Must be done before RESPIRATORs may be used.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

See EPA.

EPA

Environmental Protection Agency – A U .S. government agency that protects against pollution.

EQUIPMENT ROOM

See DIRTY ROOM.

EXPOSURE

Not protected. If you are in a work area with ASBESTOS fibers in the air and you do not have on the right RESPIRATOR, you are exposed to ASBESTOS.

F/CC

FIBERs per CUBIC CENTIMETER of air – ASBESTOS is measured this way. Air is pumped across a filter. The number of FIBERs are counted. The amount of air is measured in CUBIC CENTIMETERS.

FIBER

A single strand of ASBESTOS. ASBESTOS fibers are so small they are invisible.

FIBROSIS

A disease where scar tissue is formed in the

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Crumbly – Friable ASBESTOS can be crumbled by hand pressure.

FULL-FACE RESPIRATOR

A face mask that covers the full area of your face, from the hair line of your forehead to your chin.

GLOVE BAG

A 3-foot by 4-foot plastic bag with gloves built into it. The top of the bag is sealed around a pipe. The work is done inside the bag. Used for maintenance work only.

GRADE D AIR

Air for an AIR-SUPPLIED RESPIRATOR. Grade D air has chemicals, oil, and water filtered out so that it is safe to breathe.

GFI

Ground Fault Interrupter – A sensitive circuit breaker for tools and extension cords. A GFI will stop a current before it can stop a worker's heart.

HALF-MASK RESPIRATOR

A face mask that covers half of your face. It covers your nose and mouth from the bridge of your nose to your chin. These are difficult masks to fit.

HAZARD

A danger or a risk.

HEAT EXHAUSTION

An illness caused by working in a hot area. A medical alert.

HEATSTROKE

An illness caused by working in a hot area. A medical emergency – the worker's body cannot cool itself.

HEPA FILTER

High Efficiency Particulate Air filter – A filter that is fine enough to trap ASBESTOS FIBERS in the air. HEPA filters are used in RESPIRATORs, HEPA VACUUMs, and NEGATIVE AIR MACHINES. The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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HEPAVAC

HEPA – equipped vacuum cleaner – A vacuum cleaner which filters air through a HEPA filter.

HVAC SYSTEM

Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning system- The system that heats or cools a building. Usually a central heating and cooling system that blows air through ducts.

IH

See INDUSTRIAL HYGIENIST.

INDUSTRIAL HYGIENIST

A scientist who knows how to control workplace health and safety HAZARDS. An industrial hygienist usually takes air samples and inspects ASBESTOS jobs.

LATENCY PERIOD

A time gap between when you are exposed to a HAZARD and when you have signs and symptoms of disease. For example, if you breathe ASBESTOS today you may get ASBESTOSIS in 20 years. The latency period for most asbestos diseases is 10 – 40 years long.

LEAK- TIGHT

Sealed so that solids or liquids cannot escape or spill out. It also means dust-tight. Six mil poly waste bags or sealed drums are examples of items that could be considered leak tight.

LIGHT MICROSCOPE

A microscope which shines light on a sample. Light microscopes cannot blow up images as large as ELECTRON MICROSCOPES. POLARIZED LIGHT MICROSCOPES (PLMs) and PHASE CONTRAST MICROSCOPES (PCMs) are light microscopes.

LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION

Hooking up a vacuum or air duct right at the place where work is being done (for example, on a power tool). This is different from general ventilation – bringing fresh air into a room.

LOCKDOWN

A sticky sealant which is sprayed on beams, decks, ceilings, etc. after ASBESTOS is cleaned off. Lockdown seals in any invisible FIBERs

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Chapter 8 that weren't cleaned up. LOCKOUT/TAGOUT

LOCKOUT is putting a lock on the electrical box during ASBESTOS work or CONFINED SPACE work so that no one will turn the power on by accident. TAGOUT is putting up a warning sign explaining why the power box is locked.

LUNG CANCER

A disease which is a CANCER of the lung. It is an abnormal growth of cells in the lung tissue, usually growing of the BRONCHI.

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET

MSDS – A chemical fact sheet. Your employer must train you how to use Material Safety Data Sheets.

MAXIMUM USE LEVEL

The highest amount of asbestos a respirator can handle and protect you against.

MEDICAL EXAM

An exam given by a doctor to check your health.

MESOTHELIOMA

A disease caused by ASBESTOS. It is a CANCER of the lining of the lungs or the lining of the stomach and digestive system.

MSDS

See MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET.

NEGATIVE AIR MACHINE

A heavy-duty fan with HEPA filters in it. All the air that leaves the work room is pulled through the negative air machine.

NEGATIVE AIR PRESSURE

When a NEGATIVE AIR MACHINE is running, the air pressure inside the work room is less than the air pressure outside the work room. ASBESTOS cannot leak out of the work room.

NEGATIVE PRESSURE SEAL CHECK

A test to check the seal of your RESPIRATOR to make sure that it is fitted to your face so that there are no leaks for fibers to get in. You use NEGATIVE PRESSURE for this check. It is a

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check you must do each and every time that you put on your RESPIRATOR. NEGATIVE PRESSURE RESPIRATOR

A face mask (RESPIRATOR) that works by using NEGATIVE PRESSURE to seal the face piece to the face. NEGATIVE PRESSURE means that there is less air pressure inside the face mask then outside the face piece.

NESHAP

The National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants. An EPA regulation for ASBESTOS.

NIOSH

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health – A U.S. government agency that researches worker safety and health. NIOSH recommends changes in the regulations to OSHA. NIOSH also approves respirators.

NON-FRIABLE

ASBESTOS that cannot be crumbled by hand pressure.

O&M PLAN

Operations and Maintenance Plan – A plan for controlling the ASBESTOS that remains in a building. This plan includes: 1) Where the asbestos is found in the building. Many asbestos materials should be labeled. 2) The amount of training that workers must receive to work with the material. 3) The permits which must be obtained before working with asbestos. 4) Accepted ways to work with asbestos safely. This includes equipment, worker protection, and medical exams. 5) When and how to check the condition of asbestos materials and record any changes.

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION

See OSHA.

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The Occupational Safety and Health Administration – A U.S. government agency that covers worker safety and health on the job.

OSHA STANDARD

An OSHA regulation, for example, the OSHA Asbestos Standard.

OXYGEN-DEFICIENT ATMOSPHERE

An atmosphere containing an oxygen level less than 19.5 percent.

PAPR

Powered Air Purifying Respirator – An AIR – PURIFYING RESPIRATOR (a face mask with a filter) that has a pump. This pumps air through the filter to the face piece. It is a POSITIVE PRESSURE RESPIRATOR You can request a PAPR whenever a NEGATIVE PRESSURE RESPIRATOR is required by law.

PCM

Phase Contrast Microscope – The microscope used to count ASBESTOS FIBERS from PERSONAL AIR SAMPLES. PCM is sometimes used for AREA AIR SAMPLES.

PEL

Permissible Exposure Limit – The PEL is 0.1 fibers per cubic centimeter over an 8-hour day. This is OSHA' s legal limit on how much ASBESTOS you may be exposed to.

PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT

See PEL.

PERSONAL AIR SAMPLE

An AIR SAMPLE taken in a worker's breathing area. This is an accurate measure of how much asbestos the worker was EXPOSED to. Personal air samples are taken on a few workers every day.

PFT

See PULMONARY FUNCTION TEST.

PHASE CONTRAST MICROSCOPE

See PCM.

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PLEURA

A two-layered lining of the chest area. It wraps around the lungs and the inside of the rib cage.

PLM

Polarized Light Microscope – The microscope used to look at BULK SAMPLES.

POLARIZED LIGHT MICROSCOPE

See PLM.

POLY

Polyethylene sheet plastic – Sheet plastic that is taped to walls and floors to protect them from ASBESTOS while work is going on.

POSITIVEPRESSURE Seal CHECK

A test to check the seal of your RESPIRATOR to your face. You check for leaks by testing the fit with POSITIVE PRESSURE. You make the POSITIVE PRESSURE by blowing into the mask.

POSITIVEPRESSURE RESPIRATOR

A face mask that has more air pressure inside the mask then outside the mask. These RESPIRATORs are more protective then the NEGATIVE PRESSURE RESPIRATORs. With POSITIVE PRESSURE the air leaks from the inside to the outside.

POWERED AIR PURIFYING RESPIRATOR

See PAPR.

PRESSUREDEMAND AIRSUPPLIED RESPIRATOR

A face mask with air supplied to the mask through a hose. The amount of air that is supplied to you is exactly what you "demand." There is a regulator that senses the amount of air that you need to breathe.

PROTECTION FACTOR

PF – The degree of protection of a RESPIRATOR. The Protection Factor is determined in a laboratory.

PULMONARY FUNCTION TEST

A breathing test to see how well your lungs are working. It measures how much air you can

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Chapter 8 breathe in and out. It can tell you if there is a problem with your lungs. QUALITATIVE FIT TEST

A test that tells you if you have any leaks in your RESPIRATOR. You are tested by someone who follows the OSHA procedure. The test uses smoke, oil or sugar. If you smell or taste the testing substance, you have a leak and the respirator does not fit. You must have a qualitative fit test for any NEGATIVE PRESSURE RESPIRATOR that is issued to you.

QUANTITATIVE FIT TEST

A test that tells you if you have any leaks in your RESPIRATOR. It is a very accurate test. It uses a probe to determine the amount of testing agent outside the mask and the amount inside the mask. It gives you the personal PROTECTION FACTOR which that mask has for you.

RACM

Materials covered by the NESHAP regulations: 1) FRIABLE ASBESTOS material, 2) CATEGORY I NON-FRIABLE ACM that will or has become FRIABLE, or 3) CATEGORY II NON-FRIABLE ACM that has a high probability of becoming or has become FRIABLE during demolition or renovation.

REGULATED ASBESTOS CONTAINING MATERIAL

See RACM.

RENOVATION

Changing a building or one or more building parts in any way, including the stripping or removal of RACM. (Operations whereby load-supporting building parts are wrecked or taken out are DEMOLITIONS.)

REPAIR

Putting a patch on ASBESTOS pipe insulation. A way to control ASBESTOS without removing The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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it. RESPIRATOR

A face mask used to protect you. It either filters your breathing air or supplies you with clean breathing air.

SCBA

Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus – A positive pressure, pressure demand AIRSUPPLIED RESPIRATOR for which you carry the air supply in a tank.

SPECS

Contract specifications – A written plan for the job that the building owner writes. The contractor must follow the specs.

SPRAYBACK

New insulation put up after ASBESTOS is removed and the job passes the CLEARANCE AIR SAMPLE.

SURFACTANT

A chemical added to water to make it soak into ASBESTOS faster. Surfactant makes water wetter.

TAGOUT/ LOCKOUT

LOCKOUT is putting a lock on the electrical box during ASBESTOS work or CONFINED SPACE work so that no one will turn on the power source by accident. TAGOUT is putting a tag on the box explaining why the power box is locked.

TEM

Transmission Electron Microscope -- The microscope used to count ASBESTOS from CLEARANCE AIR SAMPLES.

TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

See TEM.

TIME WEIGHTED AVERAGE (TWA)

A method of determining fiber counts for an eight hour work period by averaging shorter sampling periods together.

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Chapter 8 TYPE C RESPIRATOR

An AIR-SUPPLIED RESPIRATOR.

VISIBLE EMISSIONS

A substance given off by RACM, asbestoscontaining waste material, or any asbestos milling, manufacturing, or production which can be seen without the aid of instruments.

WHITE BLOOD CELLS

A part of the body's defense system against outside substances. They attack foreign objects like bacteria or ASBESTOS.

WORK HISTORY

A part of your medical exam. You list what you have worked with, when and where. This helps the doctor look for job-related diseases that you might have.

WORK PRACTICES

Ways of doing work that affect how safe it is. For example, keeping ASBESTOS wet is a good work practice. It keeps ASBESTOS out of the air.

“Hands-on” practice at putting down the first floor layer of poly.

This was adapted, in part, from a glossary developed by the Maine Labor Group on Health, Inc. and the Maine Division of Asbestos Management Activities. The information was compiled from many sources, including material supplied by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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Acronyms used in the manual...

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ACM

Asbestos-containing Material

ACBM

Asbestos-containing Building Material

AHERA

Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act

ASHARA

Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Reauthorization Act

CFR

Code of Federal Regulations

CL

Clearance Level

EL

Excursion Level

EPA

Environmental Protection Agency

f/cc

Fibers per Cubic centimeter

GFI

Ground Fault Interrupter

HEPA

High Efficiency Particulate Air

HVAC

Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning

MSDS

Material Safety Data Sheet

MUL

Maximum Use Level

NESHAP

National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants

NIOSH

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

O&M

Operations & Maintenance

PAPR

Powered Air-Purifying Respirator

PCM

Phase Contrast Microscope

PEL

Permissible Exposure Limit

PF

Protection Factor

PLM

Polarized Light Microscope

SAR

Supplied Air Respirator

TEM

Transmission Electron Microscope

TSI

Thermal System Insulation

VAT

Vinyl-Asbestos Tile

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Chapter 8

Summary of OSHA Asbestos Standard 29 CFR 1926.1101 Contents (a)

Scope and Application

page 344

(b)

Definitions

page 344

(c)

Permissible Exposure Limits

page 344

(d)

Multi-employer Worksites

page 345

(e)

Regulated Areas

page 345

(f)

Exposure Assessment and Monitoring

page 345

(g)

Methods of Compliance

page 347

(h)

Respiratory Protection

page 352

(i)

Protective Clothing

page 353

(j)

Hygiene Facilities and Practices

page 353

(k)

Communication of Hazards

page 355

(l)

Housekeeping

page 359

(m)

Medical Surveillance

page 360

(n)

Recordkeeping

page 361

(o)

Competent Person

page 363

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(a) Scope and Application (b) Definitions Asbestos is defined as including chrysotile, amosite, tremolite asbestos, anthophyllite asbestos, and actinolite asbestos. In addition, presumed asbestos containing material (PACM) is also treated as asbestos. PACMs include thermal system insulation (TSI) and surfacing material found in buildings constructed no later than 1980. Negative Exposure Assessment is defined as a demonstration by the employer that employee exposure during an operation is or will be consistently below the PELS. Activities involving exposure to ACMs and PACMs have been divided into four classifications. They are as follows: Class I asbestos work means activities involving the removal of TSI and surfacing ACM and PACM. Class II asbestos work means activities involving the removal of ACM which is not thermal system insulation or surfacing material. This includes, but is not limited to, the removal of asbestos containing wallboard, floor tile and sheeting, roofing and side shingles, and construction mastics. Class III asbestos work means repair and maintenance operations, where ACM is likely to be disturbed. Class IV asbestos work means maintenance and custodial activities during which employees contact but do not disturb ACM or PACM, and activities to clean up dust, waste, and debris result from Class I, II, and III activities. (c) Permissible Exposure Limits Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) – The employer must ensure that no employee is exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos greater than 0.1 f/cc as measured over an eight hour time period.

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Chapter 8 Excursion Limit (EL) – The employer shall ensure that no employee is exposed to an airborne concentration of asbestos greater than 1.0 f/cc as measured over a 30 minute period. (d) Multi-employer Worksites On multi-employer worksites, an employer performing work requiring the establishment of a regulated area shall appropriately inform all other employers. Employers of employees working adjacent to regulated areas must take measures on a daily basis to ensure that their employees are not being exposed to asbestos fibers. All general contractors are responsible for ensuring that the asbestos contractor is in compliance with the standard. (e) Regulated Areas All Class I, II, and III work must be conducted within regulated areas. Other operations must be conducted within regulated areas whenever airborne concentrations of asbestos exceed the PEL. Regulated areas must comply with the following requirements: Demarcation – Critical barriers, negative-pressure enclosures, and signs may all serve to demarcate the regulated area. Access – Only authorized persons shall enter regulated areas. Respirators – When respirators are required, all persons entering a regulated area must be supplied appropriate respirators. Prohibited Activities – The employer shall ensure that employees do not eat, drink, smoke, chew tobacco or gum, or apply cosmetics in the regulated area. Competent Persons – The employer shall ensure that all asbestos work performed within regulated areas is supervised by a competent person. (f) Exposure Assessments and Monitoring 1. General Monitoring Employee exposure shall be determined from breathing zone air

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2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

samples that are representative of the 8-hour and 30-minute exposures of each employee. Initial Exposure Assessment i. A competent person shall conduct all exposure assessment immediately before or at the initiation of the operation to ascertain expected exposures. ii. Unless a negative exposure assessment has been made, the initial exposure assessment shall be based on monitoring results. For Class I work, the employer shall presume that employees are exposed in excess of the TWA and excursion limit until monitoring results or a negative exposure assessment document that the employees on the job will not be exposed in excess of the PEL. iii. Negative exposure assessment can be determined by: A. objective data demonstrating that exposures cannot exceed the PEL/EL; B. data obtained from previous similar jobs within the last 12 months; or C. results of initial exposure monitoring. Periodic Monitoring... i. Class I and II work – daily monitoring is required unless negative exposure assessment. ii. Non-Class I and II work – periodic monitoring where exposures are expected to exceed the PEL/EL. iii. Exception to monitoring – when all employees are wearing supplied air respirators operated in the pressure-demand mode. Termination of Monitoring... i. allowed if statistically reliable results of monitoring show exposure levels to be below the PEL/EL. ii. disallowed whenever there has been a change in process, control equipment, personnel, or work practices that may result in increased levels of exposure. Employee Notification of Monitoring Results... i. employees shall be notified as soon as possible as to monitoring results. ii. notification shall be done in writing either individually or by posting at a centrally located place that is accessible to affected employees. Observation of Monitoring... i. employees and their representatives have the right to observe any monitoring.

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Chapter 8 ii.

observers shall be provided with and required to wear any protective clothing and equipment applicable.

(g) Methods of Compliance 1. The following engineering controls and work practices are required for all ACM work, regardless of levels of exposure. i. HEPA-vacuums. ii. use of wet methods except where such methods create a greater hazard. iii. prompt clean-up and disposal of waste in leak-tight containers except in some roofing operations. 2. In order to meet the PEL/EL, the following control methods are also required. i. HEPA equipped local exhaust ventilation. ii. enclosure/isolation of the work area. iii. ventilation of the regulated area. iv. other feasible work practices and engineering controls. v. respirators to be used as supplemental measure. 3. Prohibitions... i. high-speed abrasive disc saws not equipped with ventilator, or enclosures without HEPA filtered air. ii. compressed air, unless used in conjunction with an enclosed ventilation system designed to capture the dust cloud created. iii. dry sweeping, shoveling, or other dry clean-up methods. iv. employee rotation as a means of reducing employee exposure. 4. Class I Requirements... i. all work must be supervised by a competent person. ii. One of the following methods must be used to assure airborne fibers do not migrate from the regulated area. A. critical barriers placed over all openings to the regulated area except in outdoor situations. B. other verifiable barrier or isolation methods. iii. HVAC systems shall be isolated in the regulated area by sealing with a double layer of 6 mil plastic. iv. impermeable dropcloths shall be placed beneath all removal activity. 5. Specific Control methods for Class I Work... i. Negative Pressure Enclosure (NPE) systems shall be used whenever feasible. A. Specifications...

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ii.

348

1. NPE may be of any configuration. 2. minimum of 4 air exchanges per hour. 3. minimum of -0.02 column inches of water pressure differential must be maintained. 4. NPE shall be kept under negative pressure at all times. 5. air shall be ventilated away from employees toward HEPA device. B. Work Practices... 1. NPE shall be inspected for breaches and smoke-tested for leaks before beginning work and at the beginning of each shift. 2. electrical circuits in the enclosure shall be deactivated, uncles equipped with ground-fault circuit interrupters. Glovebag Systems shall be used for removal from straight runs of piping and elbows and other connections. A. Specifications... 1. glovebags shall be made of 6 mil plastic and shall be seamless at the bottom. 2. glovebags used on elbow and other connections must be designed for that purpose. B. Work Practices... 1. glovebag shall completely cover the circumference of the pipe. 2. smoke-testing for leaks is required prior to use. 3. glovebag may only be used once and cannot be moved. 4. glovebag shall not be used on surfaces over 150oF. 5. prior to disposal, removal of air from glovebag using HEPA-vac is required. 6. before beginning, loose and friable material adjacent to the work area shall be wrapped and sealed in two layers of 6 mil plastic. 7. when using an attached waste bag, such a bag shall be connected to a collection bag using hose or other material which can withstand the weight of all waste. 8. a sliding valve or other device shall separate waste bag from hose to ensure no exposure during disconnection. 9. minimum of two persons shall perform Class I work Other systems specified include: negative pressure glovebag; negative pressure glove box; water spray

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Chapter 8 process; and mini-enclosure. 6. Alternative control methods for Class I work are allowed providing they are certified by a qualified individual. 7. Work practices and engineering controls for Class II work i All work shall be supervised by a competent person. ii. For all indoor Class II jobs without a negative exposure assessment, or where conditions changed during the job in such a way that the PEL/EL may be exceeded, or where the material is not removed in a substantially intact state, the employer shall use one of the following methods: A. critical barriers shall be used. B. alternative barrier or isolation methods are allowed as verified by perimeter area monitoring or clearance monitoring. C. impermeable dropcloths shall be placed beneath all removal activity. iii. reserved iv. applicable work practices and requirements shall be followed. 8. Additional controls for Class II work i. For removing vinyl and asphalt flooring materials containing ACM/PACM, the following practices apply... A. flooring or its backing shall not be sanded. B. vacuums equipped with HEPA filter, disposable dust bag, and metal floor tool (no brush) shall be used to clean floors. C. resilient sheeting shall be removed by cutting with wet methods, rip-up methods are prohibited. D. all scraping of residual adhesive and/or backing shall be done using wet methods. E. dry sweeping is prohibited. F. mechanical chipping is prohibited unless done in a negative pressure enclosure. G. tiles shall be removed intact, unless employer demonstrates that intact removal is not possible. H. when tiles are heated and can be removed intact, wetting may be omitted. I. resilient flooring material including its mastic and backing shall be assumed to be an ACM unless proven otherwise by an industrial hygienist. ii. For removing roofing material that are ACM, the following work practices apply... A. roofing material shall be removed intact to the extent feasible.

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iii.

iv.

350

B. wet methods shall be used to remove materials that are not intact, or will be rendered not intact, unless not feasible or will create safety hazards. C. cutting machines shall be continuously misted during use, unless a competent person determines that misting substantially decreases worker safety. D. all loose dust left by sawing must be HEPA-vacuumed and bagged or placed in covered containers immediately. E. ACM from a roof shall not be dropped or thrown to the ground: 1. ACM not intact shall be lowered to the ground as soon as practicable, no later than the end of the work shift. While on roof it shall either be kept wet or covered in plastic. 2. intact ACM shall be lowered to he ground as soon as practicable, no later that the end of the work shift. F. after being lowered, unwrapped material shall be transferred to a closed receptacle G. roof level heating and ventilation air intake sources shall be isolated or the ventilation system shall be shut down. H. removal or repair of intact roofing less than 25 square feet in area (per day) does not require use of wet methods or HEPA vacuuming as long as material is not rendered non-intact. and no visible dust is created For removal of cementitious asbestos-containing siding, shingles, or panels on building exteriors other than roofs, the following work practices apply... A. cutting, abrading, or breaking of siding, shingles, or transite panels shall be prohibited unless employer can demonstrate that other methods cannot be used. B. each panel or shingle shall be sprayed wit amended water prior to removal. C. unwrapped or unbagged panels or shingles shall be immediately lowered tot he ground via covered, dust-tight chute, crane or hoist, or placed in an impermeable waste bag or wrapped in plastic sheeting and lowered to the ground no later than the end of the work shift. D. nails shall be cut with flat, sharp instruments. For removal of gaskets containing ACM, the following work practices apply... A. if a gasket is visibly deteriorated and unlikely to be removed

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Chapter 8 intact, removal shall be done with a glovebag. B. reserved C. the wet gasket shall be immediately placed in a disposal container. D. scraping to remove residue must be performed using wet methods. v. For removal of any other Class II material, the following work practices apply... A. material shall be thoroughly wetted prior to and during removal. B. material shall be removed intact unless the employer demonstrates that intact removal is impossible. C. cutting, abrading, or breaking the material shall be prohibited unless the employer can demonstrate that other methods are not feasible. D. material removed shall be immediately bagged, wrapped, or kept wetted until transferred to a closed receptacle no later than the end of the work shift. vi. Use of alternative work practices and controls are allowed if the following provisions are complied with... A. employer shall demonstrate with representative data that employee exposure will not exceed the PEL/EL under any anticipated circumstances. B. a competent person shall evaluate and certify in writing that the method meets necessary standards of operation. 9. Work practices and engineering controls for Class III work... i. wet methods shall be used. ii. whenever feasible, local exhaust ventilation shall be used. iii. use of impermeable dropcloths and either min-enclosures or glovebags is required whenever drilling, cutting, abrading, sanding, chipping, breaking, or sawing TSI or surfacing materials. iv. containment of work area is required when there is no negative exposure assessment or monitoring results show the PEL has been exceeded. v. respirators are required if TSI or surfacing material is being disturbed, or if there is no negative exposure assessment, or if the PEL has been exceeded. 10. Class IV work shall be conducted by employees who have completed an asbestos awareness training program. In addition, Class IV work must be done using wet methods, HEPA-vac, and prompt

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i. ii.

clean-up of debris... employees shall wear respirators when working in areas that require them. TSI and surfacing material waste and debris shall be assumed to be asbestos containing.

(h) Respiratory Protection 1. The employer shall provide respirators and ensure that they are used under the following circumstances... i. all Class I work ii. Class II work where the ACM is not removed in a substantially intact state iii. Class II and III work performed without using wet methods iv. Class II and III work where the employer does not produce a negative exposure assessment v. Class III work where TSI or surfacing ACM/PACM is disturbed vi. Class IV work performed in regulated areas where other employees are required to wear respirators vii. when employees are exposed above the PEL/EL viii. in emergencies 2. Respirator Selection i. When used, appropriately selected respirators are to be provided at no cost to the employee. The employer shall ensure that the employee uses the respirator provided. ii. Respirators must be approved by the National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety (NIOSH). iii. The employer shall provide a tight-fitting PAPR in lieu of any negative-fitting respirator whenever: A. an employee chooses to use this type of respirator; B. the respirator will provide adequate protection; and C. the employer shall inform any employee required to wear a respirator of this right iv. The employer shall provide a non-disposable, half-mask, air-purifying respirator for Class II and III work where there is no negative pressure assessment has been produced, and for Class III work where TSI or surfacing ACM/PACM is disturbed. v. The employer shall provide a tight-fitting PAPR or supplied-air, pressure-demand respirator for Class I work without a NEA in which exposure assessment indicates exposure level will not exceed 1 f/cc. A supplied-air,

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Chapter 8 pressure-demand respirator is required if the exposure assessment indicates exposure levels above 1 f/cc. 3. Respiratory Program i. The employer shall institute a respiratory program whenever respirators are used. ii. Employees are permitted to change filters whenever an increase in breathing resistance is detected. iii. Employees are permitted to leave work areas to wash their faces and respirator facepieces whenever necessary to prevent skin irritation. iv. If an employee’s most recent physical examination indicates that respirator use would be unsafe, then the employee shall be assigned to another job of equal pay if such a position is available. 4. Respirator Fit Testing i. Employer ensures that the respirator issued to the employee fits properly. 5. Either quantitative (QNFT) or qualitative (QLFT) fit tests are required at the time of initial fitting and at least annually thereafter for each employee wearing a respirator. The qualitative fit tests may only be used for fitting half-mask respirators or full-face respirators where they are worn at levels at which half-face respirators are permitted. (i) Protective Clothing 1. Protective clothing is required for employees exposed to airborne asbestos in excess of the PEL/EL, or where negative exposure assessment is not produced, and for Class I work involving the removal of over 25 linear or 10 square feet of TSI or surfacing ACM/PACM. 2. Laundering shall be done by an informed individual in a manner that prevents the release of fibers in excess of the PEL/EL. 3. Contaminated clothing shall be transported in sealed, impermeable bags or containers and labeled appropriately. 4. Inspection of Protective Clothing... i. a competent person shall examine worksuits at least once per workshift. ii. rips and tears shall be immediately mended or the worksuit shall be immediately replaced. (j) Hygiene Facilities and Practices 1. Requirements for Class I work involving over 25 linear or 10 square feet of TSI or surfacing ACM/PACM... The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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i.

A decontamination area shall be established adjacent and connected to the regulated area. The employer shall ensure that employees enter and exit the regulated area through the decon. A. Equipment (Dirty) Room B. Shower area shall be located adjacent to the equipment room and the clean room. If the employer can demonstrate that it is not feasible to locate a shower there, then the employer must ensure that employees do not carry asbestos contamination outside the equipment room. C. Clean change room shall be equipped with separate storage containers for each employee. ii. Decontamination Entry Procedures... A. enter through the clean room. B. remove and deposit street clothing in lockers C. put on protective clothing and respirator before leaving clean room. D. before entering regulated area, employees must pass through the equipment room. iii. Decontamination Exit Procedures... A. before leaving the regulated area, remove all gross. contamination and debris from protective clothing. B. remove protective clothing in the equipment room. C. respirators shall not be removed in the equipment room. D. employees shall shower prior to entering the clean room. E. after showering, employees shall enter the clean room before changing into street clothes. iv. Lunch Areas... Whenever food or beverages are consumed at a Class I worksite, the employer shall provide a lunch area in which airborne concentrations of asbestos are below the PEL/EL. 2. Requirements for Class I work involving less that 25 linear or 10 square feet of TSI or surfacing ACM/PACM, and for Class II and Class III work where exposures exceed the PEL or EL or where the is no negative exposure assessment prior to operation. i. Equipment room shall be established adjacent to the regulated area. It shall consist of an area covered by an impermeable drop cloth. ii. The area must be large enough to accommodate cleaning of equipment and removing of personal protective equipment

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Chapter 8 without spreading contamination. Work clothing must be cleaned with a HEPA-vacuum before it is removed. iv. All equipment and surfaces of containers filled with ACM must be cleaned prior to removal from the area. v. Employer shall ensure that employees enter and exit regulated area through the equipment (dirty) room. 3. Requirements for Class IV work are the same as those for Class I work involving less than 25 linear or 10 square feet of TSI or surfacing ACM/PACM unless the area in which the work is being done is part of a Class I operation involving greater than 25 linear or 10 square feet of TSI or surfacing ACM/PACM, in which case the more stringent requirements must be met. 4. No smoking is allowed in the work area. iii.

(k) Communication of Hazards 1. For the purposes of this standard, employers and building owners are required to treat TSI and sprayed or troweled-on surfacing materials in buildings as ACM, wit the exception noted in this section. Asphalt and vinyl flooring material installed no later than 1980 must also considered to be ACM, unless proven otherwise. PACM is to be identified as ACM. 2. Duties of Building/Facility Owners... i. determine the presence, location, and quantity of ACM/PACM prior to work. ii. written or direct verbal notification as to the presence, location, and quantity of ACM/PACM must be made to: A. prospective employers applying or bidding for work whose employees reasonably can be expected to work in or adjacent to areas containing such material; B. employees of the owner who will work in or adjacent to areas containing such material; C. on multi-employer worksites, all employers of employees who will be working within or adjacent to areas containing such material; and D. tenants who will occupy areas containing such material. 3. Duties of employers whose employees perform work in or adjacent to areas containing ACM/PACM and duties of building/facility owners whose employees perform such work as follows: i. employers shall identify the presence, location, and quantity of

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4. 5.

6.

7.

ACM/ PACM prior to work; ii. prior to work, employers shall inform the following persons of the location and quantity of ACM/PACM and the precautions to be taken – A. owners of the building/facility B. employees who will perform such work and employers of employees who work and/or will be working in adjacent areas – and iii. employers shall, within 10 days of the completion of work, inform the building/facility owner and employers of employees who will be working in the area of the current location and quantity of ACM/PACM remaining in the area and final monitoring results, if any. Employers who discover ACM/PACM on a worksite shall inform owners and other employees working at the site within 24 hours. Criteria to rebut designation of PACM i. At any time an employer or building owner may demonstrate that PACM does not contain asbestos. This information does not have to be communicated; however, the information, data, and analysis supporting the determination on non-PACM shall be retained. ii. Means of demonstrating that PACM does not contain more than 1% asbestos are as follows: A. having a complete inspection conducted that demonstrates that the material is not ACM. B. testing of PACM includes analysis of bulk samples by an accredited inspector or CIH. Signs shall be posted at the entrance to mechanical rooms/areas containing TSI, and surfacing ACM/PACM. Signs shall identify the material, its location, and appropriate work practices to avoid disturbing the material. The employer shall ensure that signs can be understood by employees. Signs... i. warning signs shall be posted at an appropriate distance from regulated areas. ii. warning signs shall read –

DANGER ASBESTOS CANCER AND LUNG DISEASE HAZARD AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY 356

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Chapter 8 when necessary, signs shall include – RESPIRATORS AND PROTECTIVE CLOTHING ARE REQUIRED IN THIS AREA iii.

employer shall ensure that employees comprehend the warning signs. 8. Labels... i. labels shall be attached to all products containing asbestos and to all containers holding such products. ii. labels shall be printed in large, bold letters on a contrasting background. iii. labels shall read – DANGER CONTAINS ASBESTOS FIBERS AVOID CREATING DUST CANCER AND LUNG DISEASE HAZARD iv. vi.

reserved labels are not required where – A. asbestos fibers have been modified by a bonding agent, coating, binder, or other material that will ensure that the PEL/EL will not be exceeded. B. asbestos content is less that 1.0 % by weight. vii. Labels shall be placed where they will clearly be noticed by employees. Appropriately placed may be posted instead of labels as long asa they contain all the necessary labeling information. the employer shall ensure that labels can be understood by employee. 9. Employee Information and Training i. The employer shall institute, at no cost to the employee, a training program for all employees who are likely to be exposed in excess of a PEL and for all employees who install asbestos materials or preform Class I through asbestos operations. The employer shall ensure employees’ participation. ii. Training shall be provided prior to or at the time of initial assignment and annually thereafter. iii. Training for Class I operations and for Class II operations that require the use of critical barriers and/or negative pressure

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enclosures shall be equivalent to the EPA Model Accreditation Plan (MAP) asbestos abatement worker training. iv. Training for other Class II work... A. Training for work involving ACM such as roofing, flooring, siding, or transite panels should include all of the elements listed in section (k)(9)(viii) and in addition, the work practices and engineering controls set forth in part (g) specific to that generic category. This training shall include a “hands-on” section and shall take at least 8 hours. B. Employees working with more than one category of material shall receive training applicable to each category of material. C. Employees working with materials not listed in section (k)(9)(iv)(A) shall be trained on the applicable work methods. v. Training for Class III employees shall be consistent with EPA requirements for training local education agency maintenance and custodial staff as set forth at 40 CFR 763.92(a)(2). This training shall include a “hands-on” section and take at least 16 hours. At the discretion of the competent person, greater training requirements may apply. vi. Training for employees performing Class IV operations shall be consistent with EPA requirements for training local education agency maintenance and custodial staff as set forth at 40 CFR 763.92(a)(1). This course shall include information as to the location of TSI and ACM/PACM, and instruction in recognition of damage, deterioration, and delamination of ACM. This course shall take at least 2 hours. vii. Training for employees who are likely to be exposed in excess of the PEL and are not otherwise required to be trained under paragraph (k)(9)(iii) through (vi) of this section, shall meet the requirements of paragraph (k)(9)(iii). viii. Training programs shall be conducted in a manner that the employee is able to understand. In addition to EPA MAP curriculum, the course shall include the following information. A. methods of recognizing asbestos. B. health effects associated with asbestos exposure. C. relationship between smoking and asbestos in producing lung cancer. D. nature of operations that could result in exposure to asbestos,

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Chapter 8 and the importance of necessary protective controls to minimize exposure. E. purpose, proper use, fitting instructions, and limitations of respirators. F. appropriate work practices. G. medical surveillance program requirements. H. content of this standard, including appendices. I. names, addresses, and phone numbers of public health organizations which provide information concerning smoking cessation. J. requirements for posting signs and affixing labels. 10. Access to Training Materials... i. free, written materials relating to the employee training program. ii. employer shall provide to the Assistant Secretary and the Director, upon request, all information and training materials relating to the employee information and training program. iii. self-help smoking cessation programs shall be made readily available. (l) Housekeeping 1. Vacuuming Vacuums must be HEPA filtered. 2. Waste Disposal All asbestos wasted and contaminated materials shall be disposed of in sealed, labeled, impermeable containers except in roofing operations where the procedures specified in (g)(8)(ii) of this section apply. 3. Care of Asbestos-containing Flooring Material... i. all vinyl and asphalt flooring shall be maintained in accordance with this paragraph unless the owner demonstrates that the material is not asbestos containing. ii. sanding is prohibited. iii. stripping of finishes shall be done using low abrasion pads at speeds lower than 300 rpm and wet methods. iv. burnishing or dry buffing may be performed only on flooring which has sufficient so that the pad cannot contact the flooring material. 4. Waste and debris and accompanying dust in an area with TSI or surfacing material or visibly deteriorated ACM: i. shall not be dusted or swept dry, or vacuumed without using a HEPA filter; and

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ii.

shall be promptly cleaned up and disposed of in leak-tight containers.

(m) Medical Surveillance 1. General i. Employees covered... A. Employers shall institute programs that cover all employees who spend 30 or more days per year doing Class I, II, or III work; or are exposed at or above the permissible exposure limit for a combined 30 days or more per year. Any day in which a worker engages in Class II or Class III work for one hour or less, in accordance with work practices, shall not be counted. B. For employees required to a negative pressure respirator, employers must, under the supervision of a physician, shall ensure employees are physically able to perform the work and use the equipment. ii. Examination... A. must be performed by a licensed physician at no cost to the employee. B. anyone other than a licensed physician who administers the pulmonary function test shall complete a training course in spirometry. 2. Medical Examinations... i. Examinations are to be conducted: A. prior to beginning of work with a negative pressure respirator. B. within 10 working days following the 30th day of exposure at or above the permissible exposure in one year, or when engaging in Class I, II, or III work for a combined total of 30 or more days per year. C. annually after initial exam D. if the examining physician determines that more frequent examinations are needed, employer shall provide such examinations. E. no examination is required if employee records show that last examination was within the past 1-year period. ii. Medical examinations shall include: A. medical and work history with special emphasis on pulmonary, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal

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Chapter 8 systems. B. on initial exam, the standardized questionnaire contained in Part 1 of Appendix D; on the annual examination, the abbreviated standardized questionnaire contained in Part 2 of Appendix D. C. physical examination directed at the pulmonary and gastrointestinal systems, and a pulmonary test. D. any other examinations or tests deemed necessary by the physician. 3. The employer shall provide the following information to the examining physician... i. copy of this standard and Appendices D, E, G, and I. ii. description of the employee’s duties as the relate to his/her exposure. iii. employee’s representative exposure level or anticipated exposure level. iv. description of any personal protective and respiratory equipment used. v. information from employee’s previous medical exams. 4. Physician’s Written Opinion... i. Physician shall provide the employer with a written opinion containing the following information: A. any medical conditions that would place the employee at an increased risk of material health impairment from exposure to asbestos. B. any recommended limitations on the employee or on the use of personal protective equipment. C. statement that the employee has been informed by the physician of the results of the examination and of any medical conditions that may result from asbestos exposure. D. statement that the employee has been informed by the physician of the increased risk of lung cancer due to the combined effect of smoking and asbestos exposure. ii. The employer shall instruct the physician not to reveal i the written opinion specific findings or diagnoses unrelated to the occupational exposure to asbestos. iii. The employer shall provide a copy of the physician’s written opinion tot he employee within 30 days of receipt. (n) Recordkeeping 1. Objective data for negative exposure assessment... The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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i.

2.

3.

4. 5. 6.

7.

8.

When the employer has relied on objective data to demonstrate that a material and operation are not capable of releasing fibers of asbestos in concentration greater that the PEL/EL, then such records shall be maintained for the duration of the employer’s reliance upon such objective data. ii. records shall include the following information: A. product qualifying for exemption; B. source of the objective data; C. testing protocol, test results; D. description of the operation exempted; and E. other relevant data. iii. records shall be maintained for the duration of the employer’s reliance upon such objective data. Exposure Assessments Employer shall keep an accurate record of all measurements taken to monitor employee exposure. These records shall be maintained for the duration of employment plus 30 years. Medical Surveillance Employer shall maintain an accurate record of each employee’s medical surveillance for the duration of employment plus 30 years. Training records shall be maintained for 1 year beyond the last date of employment. When the employer has relied on data to demonstrate that PACM is not asbestos-containing material, such data shall be maintained for as long as they are relied upon. When the building owner has communicated and received information concerning identification, location, and quantity of ACM/PACM, written records of such notifications shall be maintained by the building owner for t he duration of ownership and shall be transferred to successive owners. Availability of Records... i. upon written request, the employer shall make all records available to OSHA. ii. exposure records shall be made available to affected employees, former employees, and OSHA. iii. medical records shall be made available to the affected employees and anyone with written consent from the employee, and OSHA. When employer ceases to do business and there is no successor to receive and retain the records for the prescribed period, the employer

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Chapter 8 shall notify OSHA at least 90 days prior to disposal and, upon request, transmit them to NIOSH. (o) Competent Person 1. On all construction sites covered by this standard, the employer shall designate a competent person. 2. Competent person is required to conduct frequent and regular inspections of job sites, material, and equipment. 3. Class I jobs require on-site inspections at least once during each work shift, and at any time at employee request. Class II, II, and IV jobs require on-site inspections at sufficient intervals to assess whether conditions have changed, and at any reasonable time at employee request. i. Class I and II worksites require a competent person to supervise the following duties... A. set up the regulated area, enclosure, or other containment. B. ensure the integrity of the enclosure or containment. C. set up procedures to control entry and exit from the enclosure and/or area. D. supervise all employee exposure monitoring. E. ensure that employees wear respirators and protective clothing as required. F. ensure that employees set up and remove engineering controls, use work practices and personal protective equipment in compliance with all requirements. G. ensure that employees use the hygiene facilities and observe the decontamination procedures. H. ensure that engineering controls are functioning properly. I. ensure that notification requirements are met. 4. Training for the Competent Person... i. For Class I and II work, training shall meet the criteria of EPA’s MAP (40 CFR 763, Subpart E, Appendix C). ii. For Class III an d IV work, training shall be consistent with EPA requirements for training of local education agency maintenance and custodial staff as set forth in 40 CFR 763.92(a)(2).

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Notes and Scribbles

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CALIFORNIA

California Code of Regulations Title 8, Section 1529. Asbestos. Subchapter 4. Contents (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) (m) (n) (o) (p) (q)

Scope Definitions Permissible Exposure Limits Multi-Employer Worksites Regulated Areas Exposure Assessment and Monitoring Methods of Compliance Respiratory Protection Protective Clothing Hygiene Facilities and Practices for Employees Communication of Hazards Housekeeping Medical Surveillance Recordkeeping Competent Person Appendices Certified Asbestos Consultants and Certified Site Survey Technicians (r) Report of Use and Asbestos-related Work Registration Appendix A OSHA Reference Method Appendix B Sampling and Analysis Appendix C Repealed Appendix D Medical Questionnaires Appendix E Interpretation and Classification of Chest Roentgenograms Appendix F Work Practices and Engineering Controls for Class I Asbestos Operations Appendix G Repealed Appendix H Substance Technical Information for Asbestos Appendix I Medical Surveillance Guidelines for Asbestos Appendix J Smoking Cessation Program for Asbestos Appendix K Polarized Light Microscopy of Asbestos The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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California

California Code of Regulations, Title 8, Section 1529. Asbestos. Subchapter 4. Construction Safety Orders Article 4. Dusts, Fumes, Mists, Vapors, and Gases 1529. Asbestos. (a) (a)(1) (a)(1)(A) (a)(1)(B) (a)(1)(C) (a)(1)(D) (a)(1)(E) (a)(1)(F) (a)(1)(G) (a)(1)(H) (a)(1)(I) (a)(2)

(a)(3) (a)(4) (b)

2

Scope and Application. This section regulates asbestos exposure in all construction work as defined in Section 1502 including but not limited to the following: Demolition or salvage of structures where asbestos is present; Removal or encapsulation of materials containing asbestos; Construction, alteration, repair, maintenance, or renovation of structures, substrates, or portions thereof, that contain asbestos; Installation of products containing asbestos; Asbestos spill/emergency cleanup; Transportation, disposal, storage, containment of and housekeeping activities involving asbestos or products containing asbestos, on the site or location at which construction activities are performed; Excavation which may involve exposure to asbestos as a natural constituent which is not related to asbestos mining and milling activities; Routine facility maintenance; and Erection of new electric transmission and distribution lines and equipment, and alteration, conversion and improvement of the existing transmission and distribution lines and equipment. Whenever employee exposures to asbestos, as defined in subsection (b) of this section consist only of exposure to tremolite, anthophyllite, and actinolite in the nonasbestiform mineral habit, the provisions of Section 5208.1 shall apply. The provisions of this section are subject to the requirements of the Occupational Carcinogen Control Act of 1976 (Labor Code, Division 5, Part 10). Coverage under this Section shall be based on the nature of the work operation involving asbestos exposure. Definitions. Aggressive-method means removal or disturbance of building material by sanding, abrading, grinding or other method that breaks, crumbles, or disintegrates intact ACM. The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

CALIFORNIA Amended Water means water to which surfactant (wetting agent) has been added to increase the ability of the liquid to penetrate ACM. Asbestos includes chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite, tremolite asbestos, anthophyllite asbestos, actinolite asbestos, and any of these minerals that has been chemically treated and/or altered. For purposes of this standard, asbestos includes PACM, as defined below. Asbestos-containing Material (ACM) means any material containing more than one percent asbestos. Assistant Secretary means the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Department of Labor, or designee. Authorized Person means any person authorized by the employer and required by work duties to be present in regulated areas. Building/Facility Owner is the legal entity, including a lessee, which exercises control over management and record keeping functions relating to a building and/or facility in which activities covered by this standard take place. Certified Industrial Hygienist (CIH) means one certified in the practice of industrial hygiene by the American Board of Industrial Hygiene. Chief means the Chief of the Division of Occupational Safety and Health, P.O. Box 420603, San Francisco, CA 94142. Class I Asbestos Work means activities involving the removal of TSI and surfacing ACM and PACM Class II Asbestos Work means activities involving the removal of ACM which is not thermal system insulation or surfacing material. This includes, but is not limited to, the removal of asbestos-containing wallboard, floor tile and sheeting, roofing and siding shingles, and construction mastics. Class III Asbestos Work means repair and maintenance operations, where ACM, including TSI and surfacing ACM and PACM, is likely to be disturbed. Class IV Asbestos Work means maintenance and custodial activities during which employees contact but do not disturb ACM or PACM and The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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California activities to clean up dust, waste and debris resulting from Class I, II, and III activities. Clean Room means an uncontaminated room having facilities for the storage of employees' street clothing and uncontaminated materials and equipment. Closely Resemble means that the major workplace conditions which have contributed to the levels of historic asbestos exposure, are no more protective than conditions of the current workplace. Competent Person means, in addition to one who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them, one who is capable of identifying existing asbestos hazards in the workplace and selecting the appropriate control strategy for asbestos exposure, who has the authority to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them: in addition, for Class I and Class II work who is specially trained in a training course which meets the criteria of EPA's Model Accreditation Plan (40 CFR part 763) for supervisor, or its equivalent and, for Class III and Class IV work, who is trained in a manner consistent with EPA requirements for training of local education agency maintenance and custodial staff as set forth at 40 CFR 763.92 (a)(2). Note: For operations involving more than 100 square feet of asbestos containing construction material as defined in subsection (r) of this section the competent person may fulfill the requirement contained in Section 341.9 to specify a certified supervisor for asbestos related work. Critical Barrier means one or more layers of plastic sealed over all openings into a work area or any other similarly placed physical barrier sufficient to prevent airborne asbestos in a work area from migrating to an adjacent area. Decontamination Area means an enclosed area adjacent and connected to the regulated area and consisting of an equipment room, shower area, and clean room, which is used for the decontamination of workers, materials, and equipment that are contaminated with asbestos. Demolition means the wrecking or taking out of any load- supporting structural member and any related razing, removing, or stripping of asbestos products.

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CALIFORNIA Director means the Director, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, or designee. Disturbance means activities that disrupt the matrix of ACM or PACM, crumble or pulverize ACM or PACM, or generate visible debris from ACM or PACM. Disturbance includes cutting away small amounts of ACM and PACM, no greater than the amount which can be contained in one standard sized glove bag or waste bag in order to access a building component. In no event shall the amount of ACM or PACM so disturbed exceed that which can be contained in one glove bag or waste bag which shall not exceed 60 inches in length and width. Employee Exposure means that exposure to airborne asbestos that would occur if the employee were not using respiratory protective equipment. Equipment Room (change room) means a contaminated room located within the decontamination area that is supplied with impermeable bags or containers for the disposal of contaminated protective clothing and equipment. Fiber means a particulate form of asbestos, 5 micrometers or longer, with a length-to-diameter ratio of at least 3 to 1. Glovebag means an impervious plastic bag-like enclosure affixed around not more than a 60 x 60 inch asbestos-containing material, with glove-like appendages through which material and tools may be handled. High-efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filter means a filter capable of trapping and retaining at least 99.97 percent of all monodispersed particles of 0.3 micrometers in diameter. Homogeneous Area means an area of surfacing material or thermal system insulation that is uniform in color and texture. Industrial Hygienist means a professional qualified by education, training, and experience to anticipate, recognize, evaluate and develop controls for occupational health hazards. Intact means that the ACM has not crumbled, been pulverized, or otherwise deteriorated so that the asbestos is no longer likely to be bound with its matrix.

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California Modification for purposes of subsection (g)(6), means a changed or altered procedure, material or component of a control system, which replaces a procedure, material or component of a required system. Omitting a procedure or component, or reducing or diminishing the stringency or strength of a material or component of the control system is not a modification for purposes of subsection (g)(6) of this section. Negative Initial Exposure Assessment means a demonstration by the employer, which complies with the criteria in subsection (f)(2)(C) of this section, that employee exposure during an operation is expected to be consistently below the PELs. PACM means presumed asbestos-containing material. Presumed Asbestos Containing Material means thermal system insulation and surfacing material found in buildings constructed no later than 1980. The designation of a material as PACM may be rebutted pursuant to subsection (k)(5) of this section. Project Designer means a person who has successfully completed the training requirements for an abatement project designer established by 40 U.S.C. Sec. 763.90(g). Regulated Area means: an area established by the employer to demarcate areas where Class I, II, and III asbestos work is conducted, and any adjoining area where debris and waste from such asbestos work accumulate; and a work area within which airborne concentrations of asbestos, exceed or there is a reasonable possibility they may exceed the permissible exposure limit. Requirements for regulated areas are set out in subsection (e) of this section. Removal means all operations where ACM and/or PACM is taken out or stripped from structures or substrates, and includes demolition operations. Renovation means the modifying of any existing structure, or portion thereof. Repair means overhauling, rebuilding, reconstructing, or reconditioning of structures or substrates, including encapsulation or other repair of ACM or PACM attached to structures or substrates. Surfacing Material means material that is sprayed, troweled-on or otherwise applied to surfaces (such as acoustical plaster on ceilings and fireproofing materials on structural members, or other materials

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CALIFORNIA on surfaces for acoustical, fireproofing, and other purposes). Surfacing ACM means surfacing material which contains more than 1% asbestos. Thermal System Insulation (TSI) means ACM applied to pipes, fittings, boilers, breeching, tanks, ducts or other structural components to prevent heat loss or gain. Thermal system insulation ACM is thermal system insulation which contains more than 1% asbestos. (c) (c)(1)

(c)(2)

(d) (d)(1)

(d)(2)

(d)(3)

(d)(4)

Permissible Exposure Limits (PELS). Time-weighted Average Limit (TWA). The employer shall ensure that no employee is exposed to an airborne concentration of asbestos in excess of 0.1 fiber per cubic centimeter of air as an eight (8) hour timeweighted average (TWA), as determined by the method prescribed in Appendix A to this section, or by an equivalent method. Excursion limit. The employer shall ensure that no employee is exposed to an airborne concentration of asbestos in excess of 1.0 fiber per cubic centimeter of air (1 f/cc) as averaged over a sampling period of thirty (30) minutes, as determined by the method prescribed in Appendix A to this section, or by an equivalent method. Multi-employer Worksites. On multi-employer worksites, an employer performing work requiring the establishment of a regulated area shall inform other employers on the site of the nature of the employer's work with asbestos and/or PACM, of the existence of and requirements pertaining to regulated areas, and the measures taken to ensure that employees of such other employers are not exposed to asbestos. Asbestos hazards at a multi-employer work site shall be abated by the contractor who created or controls the source of asbestos contamination. For example, if there is a significant breach of an enclosure containing Class I work, the employer responsible for erecting the enclosure shall repair the breach immediately. In addition, all employers of employees exposed to asbestos hazards shall comply with applicable protective provisions to protect their employees. For example, if employees working immediately adjacent to a Class I asbestos job are exposed to asbestos due to the inadequate containment of such job, their employer shall either remove the employees from the area until the enclosure breach is repaired; or perform an initial exposure assessment pursuant to subsection (f) of this section. All employers of employees working adjacent to regulated areas established by another employer on a multi-employer work-site, shall

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(d)(5)

take steps on a daily basis to ascertain the integrity of the enclosure and/or the effectiveness of the control method relied on by the primary asbestos contractor to assure that asbestos fibers do not migrate to such adjacent areas. All general contractors on a construction project which includes work covered by this standard shall be deemed to exercise general supervisory authority over the work covered by this standard, even though the general contractor is not qualified to serve as the asbestos competent person as defined by subsection (b) of this section. As supervisor of the entire project, the general contractor shall ascertain whether the asbestos contractor is in compliance with this standard, and shall require such contractor to come into compliance with this standard when necessary.

(e) (e)(1)

Regulated Areas. All Class I, II and III asbestos work shall be conducted within regulated areas. All other operations covered by this standard shall be conducted within a regulated area where airborne concentrations of asbestos exceed, or there is a reasonable possibility they may exceed a PEL. Regulated areas shall comply with the requirements of subsections (2), (3), (4), and (5) of this subsection.

(e)(2)

Demarcation. The regulated area shall be demarcated in any manner that minimizes the number of persons within the area and protects persons outside the area from exposure to airborne asbestos. Where critical barriers or negative pressure enclosures are used, they may demarcate the regulated area. Signs shall be provided and displayed pursuant to the requirements of subsection (k)(7) of this section. Access. Access to regulated areas shall be limited to authorized persons and to persons authorized by the Chief or Director. Respirators. All persons entering a regulated area where employees are required pursuant to subsection (h)(1) of this section to wear respirators shall be supplied with a respirator selected in accordance with subsection (h)(2) of this section. Prohibited Activities. The employer shall ensure that employees do not eat, drink, smoke, chew tobacco or gum, or apply cosmetics in the regulated area. Competent Persons. The employer shall ensure that all asbestos work performed within regulated areas is supervised by a competent person, as defined in subsection (b) of this section. The duties of the competent person are set out in subsection (o) of this section.

(e)(3) (e)(4)

(e)(5) (e)(6)

(f) (f)(1)

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Exposure Assessments and Monitoring. General Monitoring Criteria. The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

CALIFORNIA (f)(1)(A)

(f)(1)(B) (f)(1)(C)

(f)(2) (f)(2)(A)

(f)(2)(B)

(f)(2)(C)

(f)(2)(C)1.

Each employer who has a workplace or work operation where exposure monitoring is required under this section shall perform monitoring to determine accurately the airborne concentrations of asbestos to which employees may be exposed. Determinations of employee exposure shall be made from breathing zone air samples that are representative of the 8-hour TWA and 30minute short-term exposures of each employee. Representative 8-hour TWA employee exposure shall be determined on the basis of one or more samples representing full-shift exposure for employees in each work area. Representative 30-minute short-term employee exposures shall be determined on the basis of one or more samples representing 30 minute exposures associated with operations that are most likely to produce exposures above the excursion limit for employees in each work area. Initial Exposure Assessment. Each employer who has a workplace or work operation covered by this standard shall ensure that a competent person conducts an exposure assessment immediately before or at the initiation of the operation to ascertain expected exposures during that operation or workplace. The assessment must be completed in time to comply with requirements which are triggered by exposure data or the lack of a negative exposure assessment, and to provide information necessary to assure that all control systems planned are appropriate for that operation and will work properly. Basis of Initial Exposure Assessment: Unless a negative exposure assessment has been made pursuant to subsection (f)(2)(C) of this section, the initial exposure assessment shall, if feasible, be based on monitoring conducted pursuant to subsection (f)(1)(C) of this section. The assessment shall take into consideration both the monitoring results and all observations, information or calculations which indicate employee exposure to asbestos, including any previous monitoring conducted in the workplace, or of the operations of the employer which indicate the levels of airborne asbestos likely to be encountered on the job. For Class I asbestos work, until the employer conducts exposure monitoring and documents that employees on that job will not be exposed in excess of the PELs, or otherwise makes a negative exposure assessment pursuant to subsection (f)(2)(C) of this section, the employer shall presume that employees are exposed in excess of the TWA and excursion limit. Negative Exposure Assessment: For any one specific asbestos job which will be performed by employees who have been trained in compliance with the standard, the employer may demonstrate that employee exposures will be below the PELs by data which conform to the following criteria; Objective data demonstrating that the product or material containing The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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(f)(2)(C)2.

(f)(2)(C)3.

(f)(3) (f)(3)(A)

(f)(3)(B)

(f)(3)(C)

(f)(4) (f)(4)(A)

10

asbestos minerals or the activity involving such product or material cannot release airborne fibers in concentrations exceeding the TWA and excursion limit under those work conditions having the greatest potential for releasing asbestos; or Where the employer has monitored prior asbestos jobs for the PEL and the excursion limit within 12 months of the current or projected job, the monitoring and analysis were performed in compliance with the asbestos standard in effect; and the data were obtained during work operations conducted under workplace conditions closely resembling the processes, type of material, control methods, work practices, and environmental conditions used and prevailing in the employer's current operations, the operations were conducted by employees whose training and experience are no more extensive than that of employees performing the current job, and these data show that under the conditions prevailing and which will prevail in the current workplace there is a high degree of certainty that employee exposures will not exceed the TWA and excursion limit; or The results of initial exposure monitoring of the current job made from breathing zone air samples that are representative of the 8-hour TWA and 30-minute short-term exposures of each employee covering operations which are most likely during the performance of the entire asbestos job to result in exposures over the PELs. Periodic Monitoring. Class I and II Operations. The employer shall conduct daily monitoring that is representative of the exposure of each employee who is assigned to work within a regulated area who is performing Class I or II work, unless the employer pursuant to subsection (f)(2)(C) of this section, has made a negative exposure assessment for the entire operation. All operations under the standard other than Class I and II operations. The employer shall conduct periodic monitoring of all work where exposures are expected to exceed a PEL, at intervals sufficient to document the validity of the exposure prediction. Exception: When all employees required to be monitored daily are equipped with supplied-air respirators operated in the pressure demand mode, or other positive pressure mode respirator, the employer may dispense with the daily monitoring required by this subsection. However, employees performing class I work using a control method which is not listed in subsection (g)(4)(A), (B), or (C) of this section or using a modification of a listed control method, shall continue to be monitored daily even if they are equipped with suppliedair respirators. Termination of Monitoring. If the periodic monitoring required by subsection (f)(3) of this section reveals that employee exposures, as indicated by statistically reliable The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

CALIFORNIA

(f)(4)(B)

(f)(5) (f)(5)(A) (f)(5)(B)

(f)(5)(C)

(f)(6) (f)(6)(A) (f)(6)(B)

(g) (g)(1)

(g)(1)(A)

measurements, are below the permissible exposure limit and excursion limit the employer may discontinue monitoring for those employees whose exposures are represented by such monitoring. Additional Monitoring. Notwithstanding the provisions of subsections (f)(2), (f)(3), and (f)(4) of this section, the employer shall institute the exposure monitoring required under subsection (f)(3) of this section whenever there has been a change in process, control equipment, personnel or work practices that may result in new or additional exposures above the permissible exposure limit and/or excursion limit or when the employer has any reason to suspect that a change may result in new or additional exposures above the permissible exposure limit and/or excursion limit. Such additional monitoring is required regardless of whether a negative exposure assessment was previously produced for a specific job. Employee Notification of Monitoring Results. As soon as possible following receipt of monitoring results required by this section, the employer shall notify affected employees of the monitoring results. The employer shall notify affected employees of the results of monitoring representing the employee's exposure in writing either individually or by posting at a centrally located place that is accessible to affected employees. The written notification required by subsection (f)(5)(A) of this section shall include the corrective action being taken by the employer to reduce employee exposure to or below the PEL and/or excursion limit wherever monitoring results have indicated that the PEL and/or excursion limit has been exceeded. Observation of Monitoring. The employer shall provide affected employees and their designated representatives an opportunity to observe any monitoring of employee exposure to asbestos conducted in accordance with this section. When observation of the monitoring of employee exposure to asbestos requires entry into an area where the use of protective clothing or equipment is required, the observer shall be provided with and be required to use such clothing and equipment and shall comply with all other applicable safety and health procedures. Methods of Compliance Engineering controls and work practices for all operations covered by this section. The employer shall use the following engineering controls and work practices in all operations covered by this section, regardless of the levels of exposure: Vacuum cleaners equipped with HEPA filters to collect all debris and dust containing ACM and PACM, except as provided in subsection (g)(8)(B) of this section in the case of roofing material. The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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California (g)(1)(B)

(g)(1)(C) (g)(2)

(g)(2)(A) (g)(2)(B) (g)(2)(C) (g)(2)(D) (g)(2)(E)

(g)(3)

(g)(3)(A) (g)(3)(B)

(g)(3)(C) (g)(3)(D) (g)(4)

12

Wet methods, or wetting agents, to control employee exposures during asbestos handling, mixing, removal, cutting, application, and cleanup, except where employers demonstrate that the use of wet methods is infeasible due to for example, the creation of electrical hazards, equipment malfunction, and, in roofing, except as provided in subsection (g)(8)(B) of this section; and Prompt clean-up and disposal of wastes and debris contaminated with asbestos in leak-tight containers except in roofing operations, where the procedures specified in subsection (g)(8)(B) of this section apply. In addition to the requirements of subsection (g)(1) of this section, the employer shall use the following control methods to achieve compliance with the TWA permissible exposure limit and excursion limit prescribed by subsection (c) of this section; Local exhaust ventilation equipped with HEPA filter dust collection systems; Enclosure or isolation of processes producing asbestos dust; Ventilation of the regulated area to move contaminated air away from the breathing zone of employees and toward a filtration or collection device equipped with a HEPA filter; Use of other work practices and engineering controls that the Assistant Secretary can show to be feasible. Wherever the feasible engineering and work practice controls described above are not sufficient to reduce employee exposure to or below the permissible exposure limit and/or excursion limit prescribed in subsection (c) of this section, the employer shall use them to reduce employee exposure to the lowest levels attainable by these controls and shall supplement them by the use of respiratory protection that complies with the requirements of subsection (h) of this section. Prohibitions. The following work practices and engineering controls shall not be used for work related to asbestos or for work which disturbs ACM or PACM, regardless of measured levels of asbestos exposure or the results of initial exposure assessments: High-speed abrasive disc saws that are not equipped with point of cut ventilator or enclosures with HEPA filtered exhaust air. Compressed air used to remove asbestos, or materials containing asbestos, unless the compressed air is used in conjunction with an enclosed ventilation system designed to capture the dust cloud created by the compressed air. Dry sweeping, shoveling or other dry clean-up of dust and debris containing ACM and PACM. Employee rotation as a means of reducing employee exposure to asbestos. Class I Requirements. In addition to the provisions of subsections (g)(1) and (2) of this section, the following engineering controls and work practices and procedures shall be used. The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

CALIFORNIA (g)(4)(A)

All Class I work, including the installation and operation of the control system shall be supervised by a competent person as defined in subsection (b) of this section; (g)(4)(B) For all Class I jobs involving the removal of more than 25 linear or 10 square feet of thermal system insulation or surfacing material; for all other Class I jobs, where the employer cannot produce a negative exposure assessment pursuant to subsection (f)(2)(C) of this section, or where employees are working in areas adjacent to the regulated area, while the Class I work is or being performed, the employer shall use one of the following methods to ensure that airborne asbestos does not migrate from the regulated area: (g)(4)(B)1. Critical barriers shall be placed over all the openings to the regulated area, except where activities are performed outdoors; or (g)(4)(B)2. The employer shall use another barrier or isolation method which prevents the migration of airborne asbestos from the regulated area, as verified by perimeter area surveillance during each work shift at each boundary of the regulated area, showing no visible asbestos dust; and perimeter area monitoring showing that clearance levels contained in 40 CFR Part 763, Subpart E, of the EPA Asbestos in Schools Rule are met, or that perimeter area levels, measured by Phase Contrast Microscopy (PCM) are no more than background levels representing the same area before the asbestos work began. The results of such monitoring shall be made known to the employer no later than 24 hours from the end of the work shift represented by such monitoring. Exception: For work completed outdoors where employees are not working in areas adjacent to the regulated areas, this subsection (g)(4)(B) is satisfied when the specific control methods in subsection (g)(5) of this section are used. (g)(4)(C) For all Class I jobs, HVAC systems shall be isolated in the regulated area by sealing with a double layer of 6 mil plastic or the equivalent; (g)(4)(D) For all Class I jobs, impermeable dropcloths shall be placed on surfaces beneath all removal activity; (g)(4)(E) For all Class I jobs, all objects within the regulated area shall be covered with impermeable dropcloths or plastic sheeting which is secured by duct tape or an equivalent. (g)(4)(F) For all Class I jobs where the employer cannot produce a negative exposure assessment, or where exposure monitoring shows that a PEL is exceeded, the employer shall ventilate the regulated area to move contaminated air away from the breathing zone of employees toward a HEPA filtration or collection device. (g)(5) Specific Control Methods for Class I Work. In addition, Class I asbestos work may be performed using one or more of the following control methods pursuant to the limitations stated below: (g)(5)(A) Negative Pressure Enclosure (NPE) Systems: NPE systems may be used where the configuration of the work area does not make the The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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California

(g)(5)(A)1. (g)(5)(A)1.a. (g)(5)(A)1.b. (g)(5)(A)1.c. (g)(5)(A)1.d. (g)(5)(A)1.e. (g)(5)(A)2. (g)(5)(A)2. a. (g)(5)(A)2. b. (g)(5)(B) (g)(5)(B)1. (g)(5)(B)1. a. (g)(5)(B)1. b. (g)(5)(B)2. (g)(5)(B)2.a. (g)(5)(B)2.b. (g)(5)(B)2.c. (g)(5)(B)2.d. (g)(5)(B)2.e. (g)(5)(B)2.f.

(g)(5)(B)2.g.

14

erection of the enclosure infeasible, with the following specifications and work practices. Specifications: The negative pressure enclosure (NPE) may be of any configuration, At least 4 air changes per hour shall be maintained in the NPE, A minimum of -0.02 column inches of water pressure differential, relative to outside pressure, shall be maintained within the NPE as evidenced by manometric measurements, The NPE shall be kept under negative pressure throughout the period of its use, and Air movement shall be directed away from employees performing asbestos work within the enclosure, and toward a HEPA filtration or a collection device. Work Practices: Before beginning work within the enclosure and at the beginning of each shift, the NPE shall be inspected for breaches and smoke- tested for leaks, and any leaks sealed. Electrical circuits in the enclosure shall be deactivated, unless equipped with ground-fault circuit interrupters. Glove bag systems may be used to remove PACM and/or ACM from straight runs of piping and elbows and other connections with the following specifications and work practices: Specifications: Glovebags shall he made of 6 mil thick plastic and shall be seamless at the bottom. Glovebags used on elbows and other connections must be designed for that purpose and used without modifications. Work Practices: Each glovebag shall be installed so that it completely covers the circumference of pipe or other structure where the work is to be done. Glovebags shall be smoke-tested for leaks and any leaks sealed prior to use. Glovebags may be used only once and may not be moved. Glovebags shall not be used on surfaces whose temperature exceeds 150oF. Prior to disposal, glovebags shall be collapsed by removing air within them using a HEPA vacuum. Before beginning the operation, loose and friable material adjacent to the glovebag/box operation shall be wrapped and sealed in two layers of six mil plastic or otherwise rendered intact, Where system uses attached waste bag, such bag shall be The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

CALIFORNIA

(g)(5)(B)2.h. (g)(5)(B)2.i. (g)(5)(C) (g)(5)(C)1.

(g)(5)(C)2. (g)(5)(C)2.a. (g)(5)(C)2.b.

(g)(5)(C)2.c. (g)(5)(D) (g)(5)(D)1. (g)(5)(D)1.a. (g)(5)(D)1.b. (g)(5)(D)1.c. (g)(5)(D)1.d. (g)(5)(D)1.e. (g)(5)(D)1.f. (g)(5)(D)1.g. (g)(5)(D)2. (g)(5)(D)2.a. (g)(5)(D)2.b. (g)(5)(D)2.c.

connected to collection bag using hose or other material which shall withstand pressure of ACM waste and water without losing its integrity: Sliding valve or other device shall separate waste bag from hose to ensure no exposure when waste bag is disconnected: At least two persons shall perform Class I glovebag removal operations. Negative Pressure Glove Bag Systems. Negative pressure glove bag systems may be used to remove ACM or PACM from piping. Specifications: In addition to specifications for glove bag systems above, negative pressure glove bag systems shall attach HEPA vacuum systems or other devices to bag to prevent collapse during removal. Work Practices: The employer shall comply with the work practices for glove bag systems in subsection (g)(5)(B)2.d. of this section. The HEPA vacuum cleaner or other device used to prevent collapse of bag during removal shall run continually during the operation until it is completed at which time the bag shall be collapsed prior to removal of the bag from the pipe. Where a separate waste bag is used along with a collection bag and discarded after one use, the collection bag my be reused if rinsed clean with amended water before reuse. Negative Pressure Glove Box Systems: Negative pressure glove boxes may be used to remove ACM or PACM from pipe runs with the following specifications and work practices. Specifications: Glove boxes shall be constructed with rigid sides and made from metal or other material which can withstand the weight of the ACM and PACM and water used during removal: A negative pressure generator shall be used to create negative pressure in the system: An air filtration unit shall be attached to the box: The box shall be fitted with gloved apertures: An aperture at the base of the box shall serve as a bagging outlet for waste ACM and water: A back-up generator shall be present on site: Waste bags shall consist of 6 mil thick plastic double-bagged before they are filled or plastic thicker than 6 mil. Work practices: At least two persons shall perform the removal: The box shall be smoke-tested for leaks and any leaks sealed prior to each use. Loose or damaged ACM adjacent to the box shall be wrapped The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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California

(g)(5)(D)2.d. (g)(5)(E)

(g)(5)(E)1. (g)(5)(E)1.a. (g)(5)(E)1.b. (g)(5)(E)1.c. (g)(5)(E)2. (g)(5)(E)2.a. (g)(5)(E)2.b. (g)(5)(E)2.c. (g)(5)(E)2.d. (g)(5)(F)

(g)(5)(F)1. (g)(5)(F)1.a. (g)(5)(F)1.b. (g)(5)(F)2. (g)(5)(F)2.a. (g)(5)(F)2.b. (g)(5)(F)2.c. (g)(6)

16

and sealed in two layers of 6 mil plastic prior to the job, or otherwise made intact prior to the job. A HEPA filtration system shall be used to maintain pressure barrier in box. Water Spray Process System. A water spray process system may be used for removal of ACM and PACM from cold line piping if, employees carrying out such process have completed a 40-hour separate training course in its use, in addition to training required for employees performing Class I work. The system shall meet the following specifications and shall be performed by employees using the following work practices. Specifications: Piping shall be surrounded on 3 sides by rigid framing, A 360 degree water spray, delivered through nozzles supplied by a high pressure separate water line, shall be formed around the piping. The spray shall collide to form a fine aerosol which provides a liquid barrier between workers and the ACM and PACM. Work Practices: The system shall be run for at least 10 minutes before removal begins. All removal shall take place within the water barrier. The system shall be operated by at least three persons, one of whom shall not perform removal, but shall check equipment, and ensure proper operation of the system. After removal, the ACM and PACM shall be bagged while still inside the water barrier. A small walk-in enclosure which accommodates no more than two persons (mini-enclosure) may be used if the disturbance or removal can be completely contained by the enclosure with the following specifications and work practices. Specifications: The fabricated or job-made enclosure shall be constructed of 6 mil plastic or equivalent: The enclosure shall be placed under negative pressure by means of a HEPA filtered vacuum or similar ventilation unit: Work Practices: Before use, the mini-enclosure shall be inspected for leaks and smoke tested to detect breaches, and any breaches sealed. Before reuse, the interior shall be completely washed with amended water and HEPA-vacuumed. During use, air movement shall be directed away from the employee's breathing zone within the mini-enclosure. Alternative control methods for Class I work. Class I work may be performed using a control method which is not The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

CALIFORNIA

(g)(6)(A)

(g)(5)(F)2.

(g)(5)(F)2.1.

(g)(5)(F)2.2.

(g)(6)(C)

(g)(7) (g)(7)(A) (g)(7)(B)

referenced in subsection (g)(5) of this section, or which modifies a control method referenced in subsection (g)(5) of this section, if the following provisions are complied with: The control method shall enclose, contain or isolate the processes or source of airborne asbestos dust, or otherwise capture or redirect such dust before it enters the breathing zone of employees. A certified industrial hygienist or licensed professional engineer who is also qualified as a project designer as defined in subsection (b) of this section, shall evaluate the work area, the projected work practices and the engineering controls and shall certify in writing that the planned control method is adequate to reduce direct and indirect employee exposure to below the PELs under worst-case conditions of use, and that the planned control method will prevent asbestos contamination outside the regulated area, as measured by clearance sampling which meets the requirements of EPA's Asbestos in Schools rule issued under AHERA, or perimeter monitoring which meets the criteria in subsection (g)(4)(B)2. of this section. Where the TSI or surfacing material to be removed is 25 linear or 10 square feet or less, the evaluation required in subsection (g)(6) of this section may be performed by a competent person, and may omit consideration of perimeter or clearance monitoring otherwise required. The evaluation of employee exposure required in subsection (g)(6) of this section, shall include and be based on sampling and analytical data representing employee exposure during the use of such method under worst-case conditions and by employees whose training and experience are equivalent to employees who are to perform the current job. Before work which involves the removal of more than 25 linear or 10 square feet of thermal system insulation or surfacing material is begun using an alternative method which has been the subject of a subsection (g)(6) of this section required evaluation and certification, the employer shall send a copy of such evaluation and certification to the national office of OSHA, Office of Technical Support, Room N3653, 200 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20210. The submission shall not constitute approval by OSHA. Work Practices and Engineering Controls for Class II Work. All Class II work, shall be supervised by a competent person as defined in subsection (b) of this section. For all indoor Class II jobs, where the employer has not produced a negative exposure assessment pursuant to The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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California

(g)(7)(B)1. (g)(7)(B)2.

(g)(7)(C) (g)(7)(D) (g)(8)

(g)(8)(A)

(g)(8)(A)1. (g)(8)(A)2. (g)(8)(A)3. (g)(8)(A)4. (g)(8)(A)5. (g)(8)(A)6. (g)(8)(A)7.

18

subsection (f)(2)(C) of this section, or where during the job, changed conditions indicate there may be exposure above the PEL or where the employer does not remove the ACM in a substantially intact state, the employer shall use one of the following methods to ensure that airborne asbestos does not migrate from the regulated area; Critical barriers shall be placed over all openings to the regulated area; or, The employer shall use another barrier or isolation method which prevents the migration of airborne asbestos from the regulated area, as verified by perimeter area monitoring or clearance monitoring which meets the criteria set out in subsection (g)(4)(B)2. of this section. Impermeable dropcloths shall be placed on surfaces beneath all removal activity; All Class II asbestos work shall be performed using the work practices and requirements set out above in subsection (g)(1)(A) through (C) of this section. Additional Controls for Class II Work. Class II asbestos work shall also be performed by complying with the work practices and controls designated for each type of asbestos work to be performed, set out in this subsection. Where more than one control method may be used for a type of asbestos work, the employer may choose one or a combination of designated control methods. Class II work also may be performed using a method allowed for Class I work, except that glove bags and glove boxes are allowed if they fully enclose the Class II material to be removed. For removing vinyl and asphalt flooring materials which contain ACM or for which, in buildings constructed no later than 1980, the employer has not verified the absence of ACM pursuant to subsection (g)(8)(A)9. of this section. The employer shall ensure that employees comply with the following work practices and that employees are trained in these practices pursuant to subsection (k)(9) of this section: Flooring or its backing shall not be sanded. Vacuums equipped with HEPA filter, disposable dust bag, and metal floor tool (no brush) shall be used to clean floors. Resilient sheeting shall be removed by cutting with wetting of the snip point and wetting during delamination. Rip-up of resilient sheet floor material is prohibited. All scraping of residual adhesive and/or backing shall be performed using wet methods. Dry sweeping is prohibited. Mechanical chipping is prohibited unless performed in a negative pressure enclosure which meets the requirements of subsection (g)(5)(A) of this section. Tiles shall be removed intact, unless the employer demonstrates that intact removal is not possible. The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

CALIFORNIA

(g)(8)(A)8. (g)(8)(A)9.

(g)(8)(B) (g)(8)(B)1. (g)(8)(B)2.

(g)(8)(B)3. (g)(8)(B)4.

(g)(8)(B)5.

(g)(8)(B)5.a.

(g)(8)(B)5.b. (g)(8)(B)6.

When tiles are heated and can be removed intact, wetting may be omitted. Resilient flooring material including associated mastic and backing shall be assumed to be asbestos-containing unless an industrial hygienist determines that it is asbestos-free using recognized analytical techniques. For removing roofing material which contains ACM the employer shall ensure that the following work practices are followed: Roofing material shall be removed in an intact state to the extent feasible. Wet methods shall be used to remove roofing materials that are not intact, or that will be rendered not intact during removal, unless such wet methods are not feasible or will create safety hazards. Cutting machines shall be continuously misted during use, unless a competent person determines that misting substantially decreases worker safety. When removing built-up roofs with asbestos-containing roofing felts and an aggregate surface using a power roof cutter, all dust resulting from the cutting operation shall be collected by a HEPA dust collector, or shall be HEPA vacuumed by vacuuming along the cut line. When removing built-up roofs with asbestos containing roofing felts and a smooth surface using a power roof cutter, the dust resulting from the cutting operation shall be collected either by a HEPA dust collector or HEPA vacuuming along the cut line, or by gently sweeping and then carefully and completely wiping up the still-wet dust and debris left along the cut line. The dust and debris shall be immediately bagged or placed in covered containers. Asbestos-containing material that has been removed from a roof shall not be dropped or thrown to the ground. Unless the material is carried or passed to the ground by hand, it shall he lowered to the ground via covered, dust-tight chute, crane or hoist: Any ACM that is not intact shall be lowered to the ground as soon as is practicable, but in any event no later than the end of the work shift. While the material remains on the roof it shall either be kept wet, placed in an impermeable waste bag, or wrapped in plastic sheeting. Intact ACM shall be lowered to the ground as soon as is practicable, but in any event no later than the end of the work shift. Upon being lowered, unwrapped material shall be transferred to The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

19

California

(g)(8)(B)7. (g)(8)(B)8.

(g)(8)(C)

(g)(8)(C)1. (g)(8)(C)2. (g)(8)(C)3.

(g)(8)(C)4. (g)(8)(D) (g)(8)(D)1. (g)(8)(D)2. (g)(8)(D)3. (g)(8)(E)

(g)(8)(E)1. (g)(8)(E)2. (g)(8)(E)3. (g)(8)(E)4.

20

a closed receptacle in such manner so as to preclude the dispersion of dust. Roof level heating and ventilation air intake sources shall be isolated or the ventilation system shall he shut down. Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, removal or repair of sections of intact roofing less than 25 square feet in area does not require use of wet methods or HEPA vacuuming as long as manual methods which do not render the material non-intact are used to remove the material and no visible dust is created by the removal method used. In determining whether a job involves less than 25 square feet, the employer shall include all removal and repair work performed on the same roof on the same day. When removing cementitious asbestos-containing siding and shingles or transite panels containing ACM on building exteriors (other than roofs, where subsection (g)(8)(B) of this section applies) the employer shall ensure that the following work practices are followed: Cutting, abrading, or breaking siding, shingles, or transite panels, shall be prohibited unless the employer can demonstrate that methods less likely to result in asbestos fiber release cannot be used. Each panel or shingle shall be sprayed with amended water prior to removal. Unwrapped or unbagged panels or shingles shall be immediately lowered to the ground via covered dust-tight chute, crane or hoist, or placed in an impervious waste bag or wrapped in plastic sheeting and lowered to the ground no later than the end of the work shift. Nails shall be cut with flat, sharp instruments. When removing gaskets containing ACM, the employer shall ensure that the following work practices are followed: If a gasket is visibly deteriorated and unlikely to be removed intact, removal shall be undertaken within a glovebag as described in subsection (g)(5)(B) of this section. The gasket shall be immediately placed in a disposal container. Any scraping to remove residue must be performed wet. When performing any other Class II removal of asbestos containing material for which specific controls have not been listed in subsections (g)(8)(A) through (D) of this section, the employer shall ensure that the following work practices are complied with. The material shall be thoroughly wetted with amended water prior to and during its removal. The material shall be removed in an intact state unless the employer demonstrates that intact removal is not possible. Cutting, abrading or breaking the material shall be prohibited unless the employer can demonstrate that methods less likely to result in asbestos fiber release are not feasible. Asbestos-containing material removed, shall be immediately bagged or The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

CALIFORNIA wrapped, or kept wetted until transferred to a closed receptacle, no later than the end of the work shift. (g)(8)(F) Alternative Work Practices and Controls. Instead of the work practices and controls listed in subsection (g)(8)(A) through (E) of this section, the employer may use different or modified engineering and work practice controls if the following provisions are complied with. (g)(8)(F)1. The employer shall demonstrate by data representing employee exposure during the use of such method under conditions which closely resemble the conditions under which the method is to be used, that employee exposure will not exceed the PELs under any anticipated circumstances. (g)(8)(F)2. A competent person shall evaluate the work area, the projected work practices and the engineering controls, and shall certify in writing, that the different or modified controls are adequate to reduce direct and indirect employee exposure to below the PELs under all expected conditions of use and that the method meets the requirements of this standard. The evaluation shall include and be based on data representing employee exposure during the use of such method under conditions which closely resemble the conditions under which the method is to be used for the current job, and by employees whose training and experience are equivalent to employees who are to perform the current job. (g)(9) Work Practices and Engineering Controls for Class III Asbestos Work. Class III asbestos work shall be conducted using engineering and work practice controls which minimize the exposure to employees performing the asbestos work and to bystander employees. (g)(9)(A) The work shall be performed using wet methods. (g)(9)(B) To the extent feasible, the work shall be performed using local exhaust ventilation. (g)(9)(C) Where the disturbance involves drilling, cutting, abrading, sanding, chipping, breaking, or sawing of thermal system insulation or surfacing material, the employer shall use impermeable dropcloths, and shall isolate the operation using mini-enclosures or glove bag systems pursuant to subsection (g)(5) of this section or another isolation method. (g)(9)(D) Where the employer does not produce a negative exposure assessment for a job, or where monitoring results show the PEL has been exceeded, the employer shall contain the area using impermeable dropcloths and plastic barriers or their equivalent, or shall isolate the operation using a control system listed in and in compliance with subsection (g)(5) of this section. (g)(9)(E) Employees performing Class III jobs, which involve the disturbance of thermal system insulation or surfacing material, or where the employer does not produce a negative exposure assessment or where monitoring results show a PEL has been exceeded, shall wear The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

21

California

(g)(10)

(g)(10)(A) (g)(10)(B)

(g)(11)

(g)(11)(A)

(g)(11)(B) (g)(11)(C) (g)(11)(D)

22

respirators which are selected, used and fitted pursuant to provisions of subsection (h) of this section. Class IV Asbestos Work. Class IV asbestos jobs shall be conducted by employees trained pursuant to the asbestos awareness training program set out in subsection (k)(9) of this section. In addition, all Class IV jobs shall be conducted in conformity with the requirements set out in subsection (g)(1) of this section, mandating wet methods, HEPA vacuums, and prompt clean up of debris containing ACM or PACM. Employees cleaning up debris and waste in a regulated area where respirators are required shall wear respirators which are selected, used and fitted pursuant to provisions of subsection (h) of this section. Employers of employees who clean up waste and debris in, and employers in control of, areas where friable thermal system insulation or surfacing material is accessible, shall assume that such waste and debris contain asbestos. Alternative methods of compliance for installation, removal, repair, and maintenance of certain roofing and pipeline coating materials. Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, an employer who complies with all provisions of this subsection (g)(11) when installing, removing, repairing, or maintaining intact pipeline asphaltic wrap, or roof cements, mastics, coatings, or flashings which contain asbestos fibers encapsulated or coated by bituminous or resinous compounds shall be deemed to be in compliance with this section. If an employer does not comply with all provisions of this subsection (g)(11), or if during the course of the job the material does not remain intact, the provisions of subsection (g)(8) of this section apply instead of this subsection (g)(11). Before work begins and as needed during the job, a competent person who is capable of identifying asbestos hazards in the workplace and selecting the appropriate control strategy for asbestos exposure, and who has the authority to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate such hazards, shall conduct an inspection of the worksite and determine that the roofing material is intact and will likely remain intact. All employees performing work covered by this subsection (g)(11) shall be trained in a training program that meets the requirements of subsection (k)(9)(H). The material shall not be sanded, abraded, or ground. Manual methods which do not render the material non-intact shall be used. Material that has been removed from a roof shall not be dropped or thrown to the ground. Unless the material is carried or passed to the ground by hand, it shall be lowered to the ground via covered, dusttight chute, crane or hoist. All such material shall be removed from the roof as soon as is practicable, but in any event no later than the end of The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

CALIFORNIA

(g)(11)(E)

(g)(11)(F)

the work shift. Where roofing products which have been labeled as containing asbestos pursuant to subsection (k)(8) of this section are installed on non-residential roofs during operations covered by this subsection (g)(11), the employer shall notify the building owner of the presence and location of such materials no later than the end of the job. All removal or disturbance of pipeline asphaltic wrap shall be performed using wet methods.

(h) (h)(1)

Respiratory Protection. General. For employees who use respirators required by this section, the employer must provide respirators that comply with the requirements of this subsection. Respirators must be used during: (h)(1)(A) Class I asbestos work. (h)(1)(B) Class II asbestos work where the ACM is not removed in a substantially intact state, (h)(1)(C) Class II and III asbestos work which is not performed using wet methods, except for removal of ACM from sloped roofs when a negative exposure assessment has been made and the ACM is removed in an intact state. (h)(1)(D) Class II and III asbestos work for which a negative exposure assessment has not been conducted. (h)(1)(E) Class III asbestos work when TSI or surfacing ACM or PACM is being disturbed. (h)(1)(F) Class IV asbestos work performed within regulated areas where employees performing other work are required to use respirators. (h)(1)(G) Work operations covered by this section where employees are exposed above the TWA or excursion limit. (h)(1)(H) Emergencies. (h)(2) Respirator Program. (h)(2)(A) The employer must implement a respiratory protection program in accordance with section 5144(b) through (d) (except (d)(1)(C)), and (f) through (m). (h)(2)(B) No employee shall be assigned to asbestos work that requires respirator use if, based on their most recent medical examination, the examining physician determines that the employee will be unable to function normally while using a respirator, or that the safety or health of the employee or other employees will be impaired by the employee's respirator use. Such employees must be assigned to another job or given the opportunity to transfer to a different position that they can perform. If such a transfer position is available, it must be with the same employer, in the same geographic area, and with the same seniority, status, rate of pay, and other job benefits the employee had just prior to such transfer. (h)(3) Respirator selection. The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

23

California (h)(3)(A)

The employer shall select the appropriate respirator as specified in Table 1. TABLE 1 RESPIRATORY PROTECTION FOR ASBESTOS FIBERS

Airborne concentration of asbestos or conditions of use

Required respirator

Not in excess of 1 f/cc (10 X PEL), or otherwise as required independent of exposure pursuant to(h)(2)(D)of this section.

Half-mask air purifying respirator other than a disposable respirator, equipped with high efficiency filters.

Not in excess of 5 f/cc (50 X PEL).

Full facepiece air-purifying respirator equipped with high efficiency filters.

Not in excess of 10 f/cc (100 X PEL).

Any powered air-purifying respirator equipped with high efficiency filters or any supplied air respirator operated in continuous flow mode.

Not in excess of 100 f/cc (1,000 X PEL).

Full facepiece supplied air respirator operated in pressure demand mode.

Greater than 100 f/cc (1,000 X PEL) or unknown concentration.

Full facepiece supplied air respirator operated in pressure demand mode, equipped with an auxiliary positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus.

Note: a. Respirators assigned for high environmental concentrations may be used at lower concentrations, or when required respirator use is independent of concentration. Note: b. A high efficiency filter means a filter that is at least 99.97 percent efficient against mono-dispersed particles of 0.3 micrometers in diameter or larger. (h)(3)(B)

The employer shall provide a tight fitting powered, air- purifying respirator in lieu of any negative-pressure respirator specified in Table 1 whenever: (h)(3)(B)1. An employee chooses to use this type of respirator; and (h)(3)(B)2. This respirator will provide adequate protection to the employee. (h)(3)(C) The employer shall provide a half-mask air purifying respirator, other than a disposable respirator, equipped with high efficiency filters whenever the employee performs: (h)(3)(C)1. Class II and III asbestos work and a negative exposure assessment has

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CALIFORNIA

(h)(3)(C)2. (h)(3)(D)

(h)(3)(D)1. (h)(3)(D)2. (h)(3)(D)3.

(i) (i)(1)

(i)(2) (i)(2)(A) (i)(2)(B)

(i)(3) (i)(4)

not been conducted by the employer; Class III jobs where TSI or surfacing ACM or PACM is being disturbed. In addition to the above selection criteria, when employees are in a regulated area where Class I work is being performed, a negative exposure assessment of the area has not been produced, and the exposure assessment of the area indicates the exposure level will not exceed 1 f/cc as an 8-hour time weighted average, employers must provide the employees with one of the following respirators: A tight-fitting powered air-purifying respirator equipped with high efficiency filters; A full facepiece supplied air-respirator operated in the pressuredemand mode equipped with HEPA egress cartridges; or A full facepiece supplied-air respirator operated in the pressure demand mode equipped with an auxiliary positive pressure selfcontained breathing apparatus. A full facepiece supplied-air respirator operated in the pressure-demand mode equipped with an auxiliary positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus must be provided under such conditions when the exposure, assessment indicates exposure levels above 1 f/cc as an 8-hour time weighted average. Protective Clothing. General. The employer shall provide or require the use of protective clothing, such as coveralls or similar whole-body clothing, head coverings, gloves, and foot coverings for any employee exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos that exceed the TWA and/or excursion limit prescribed in subsection (c) of this section, or for which a required negative exposure assessment is not produced, and for any employee performing Class I operations which involve the removal of over 25 linear or 10 square feet of TSI or surfacing ACM and PACM. The employer shall prohibit the removal of asbestos from protective clothing and equipment by blowing, shaking, or brushing. Laundering. The employer shall ensure that laundering of contaminated clothing is done so as to prevent the release of airborne asbestos in excess of the TWA or excursion limit prescribed in subsection (c) of this section. Any employer who gives contaminated clothing to another person for laundering shall inform such person of the requirement in subsection (i)(2)(A) of this section to effectively prevent the release of airborne asbestos in excess of the TWA and excursion limit prescribed in subsection (c) of this section. Contaminated Clothing. Contaminated clothing shall be transported in sealed impermeable bags, or other closed, impermeable containers, and be labeled in accordance with subsection (k) of this section. Inspection of Protective Clothing. The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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California (i)(4)(A) (i)(4)(B)

(j) (j)(1) (j)(1)(A)

(j)(1)(A)1. (j)(1)(A)2.

(j)(1)(A)2. A. (j)(1)(A)2. B. (j)(1)(A)3.

26

The competent person shall examine worksuits worn by employees at least once per workshift for rips or tears that may occur during performance of work. When rips or tears are detected while an employee is working, rips and tears shall be immediately mended, or the worksuit shall be immediately replaced. Hygiene Facilities and Practices for Employees. Requirements for employees performing Class I asbestos jobs involving over 25 linear or 10 square feet of TSI or surfacing ACM and PACM. Decontamination Areas: the employer shall establish a decontamination area that is adjacent and connected to the regulated area for the decontamination of such employees. The decontamination area shall consist of an equipment room, shower area, and clean room in series. The employer shall ensure that employees enter and exit the regulated area through the decontamination area. Equipment Room. The equipment room shall be supplied with impermeable, labeled bags and containers for the containment and disposal of contaminated protective equipment. Shower Area. Shower facilities shall be provided which comply with Section 3366(f) of the General Industry Safety Orders, unless the employer can demonstrate that they are not feasible. The showers shall be adjacent both to the equipment room and the clean room, unless the employer can demonstrate that this location is not feasible. Where the employer can demonstrate that it is not feasible to locate the shower between the equipment room and the clean room, or where the work is performed outdoors, the employers shall ensure that employees: Remove asbestos contamination from their worksuits in the equipment room using a HEPA vacuum before proceeding to a shower that is not adjacent to the work area; or Remove their contaminated worksuits in the equipment room, then don clean worksuits, and proceed to a shower that is not adjacent to the work area. Clean Change Room. The clean room shall be equipped with a locker or appropriate storage container for each employee's use. When the employer can demonstrate that it is not feasible to provide a clean change area adjacent to the work area or where the work is performed outdoors, the employer may permit employees engaged in Class I asbestos jobs to clean their protective clothing with a portable HEPA-equipped vacuum before such employees leave the regulated area. Following showering, such employees however must then change into The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

CALIFORNIA

(j)(1)(B) (j)(1)(B)1. (j)(1)(B)2. (j)(1)(B)3. (j)(1)(B)4. (j)(1)(C) (j)(1)(C)1. (j)(1)(C)2. (j)(1)(C)3. (j)(1)(C)4. (j)(1)(C)5. (j)(1)(D)

(j)(2)

(j)(2)(A)

(j)(2)(B)

(j)(2)(C) (j)(2)(D)

street clothing in clean change areas provided by the employer which otherwise meet the requirements of this section. Decontamination Area Entry Procedures. The employer shall ensure that employees: Enter the decontamination area through the clean room; Remove and deposit street clothing within a locker provided for their use; and Put on protective clothing and respiratory protection before leaving the clean room. Before entering the regulated area, the employer shall ensure that employees pass through the equipment room. Decontamination Area Exit Procedures. The employer shall ensure that: Before leaving the regulated area, employees shall remove all gross contamination and debris from their protective clothing. Employees shall remove their protective clothing in the equipment room and deposit the clothing in labeled impermeable bags or containers. Employees shall not remove their respirators in the equipment room. Employees shall shower prior to entering the clean room. After showering, employees shall enter the clean room before changing into street clothes. Lunch Areas. Whenever food or beverages are consumed at the worksite where employees are performing Class I asbestos work, the employer shall provide lunch areas in which the airborne concentrations of asbestos are below the permissible exposure limit and/or excursion limit. Requirements for Class I work involving less than 25 linear or 10 square feet of TSI or surfacing ACM and PACM, and for Class II and Class III asbestos work operations where exposures exceed a PEL or where there is no negative exposure assessment produced before the operation. The employer shall establish an equipment room or area that is adjacent to the regulated area for the decontamination of employees and their equipment which is contaminated with asbestos which shall consist of an area covered by a impermeable drop cloth on the floor or horizontal working surface. The area must be of sufficient size as to accommodate cleaning of equipment and removing personal protective equipment without spreading contamination beyond the area (as determined by visible accumulations). Work clothing must be cleared with a HEPA vacuum before it is removed. All equipment and surfaces of containers filled with ACM must be cleaned prior to removing them from the equipment room or area. The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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California (j)(2)(E) (j)(3)

(j)(4)

(k) (k)(1)

(k)(2) (k)(2)(A)

(k)(2)(B)

28

The employer shall ensure that employees enter and exit the regulated area through the equipment room or area. Requirements for Class IV Work. Employers shall ensure that employees performing Class IV work within a regulated area comply with the hygiene practice required of employees performing work which has a higher classification within that regulated area. Otherwise employers of employees cleaning up debris and material which is TSI or surfacing ACM or identified as PACM shall provide decontamination facilities for such employees which are required by subsection (j)(2) of this section. Smoking in Work Areas. The employer shall ensure that employees do not smoke in work areas where they are occupationally exposed to asbestos because of activities in that work area. Communication of Hazards. This section applies to the communication of information concerning asbestos hazards in construction activities to facilitate compliance with this standard. Most asbestos-related construction activities involve previously installed building materials. Building owners often are the only and/or best sources of information concerning them. Therefore, they, along with employers of potentially exposed employees, are assigned specific information conveying and retention duties under this section. Installed Asbestos Containing Building Material. Employers and building owners shall identify TSI and sprayed or troweled on surfacing materials in buildings as asbestos-containing, unless they determine in compliance with subsection (k)(5) of this section that the material is not asbestos-containing. Asphalt and vinyl flooring material installed no later than 1980 must also be considered as asbestos containing unless the employer, pursuant to subsection (g)(8)(A)9. of this section determines that it is not asbestos-containing. If the employer/building owner has actual knowledge, or should have known through the exercise of due diligence, that other materials are asbestos-containing, they too must be treated as such. When communicating information to employees pursuant to this standard, owners and employers shall identify PACM as ACM. Additional requirements relating to communication of asbestos work on multiemployer worksites are set out in subsection (d) of this section. Duties of Building and Facility Owners. Before work subject to this standard is begun, building and facility owners shall determine the presence, location, and quantity of ACM and/or PACM at the work site pursuant to subsection (k)(1) of this section. Building and/or facility owners shall notify the following persons of the presence, location and quantity of ACM or PACM, at the work sites in The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

CALIFORNIA

(k)(2)(B)1. (k)(2)(B)2. (k)(2)(B)3. (k)(2)(B)4. (k)(3)

(k)(3)(A) (k)(3)(B)

(k)(3)(B)1. (k)(3)(B)2. (k)(3)(C)

(k)(4)

(k)(5) (k)(5)(A)

their buildings and facilities. Notification either shall be in writing, or shall consist of a personal communication between the owner and the person to whom notification must be given or their authorized representatives: Prospective employers applying or bidding for work whose employees reasonably can be expected to work in or adjacent to areas containing such material; Employees of the owner who will work in or adjacent to areas containing such material: On multi-employer worksites, all employers of employees who will be performing work within or adjacent to areas containing such materials; Tenants who will occupy areas containing such material. Duties of employers whose employees perform work subject to this standard in or adjacent to areas containing ACM and PACM. Building/facility owners whose employees perform such work shall comply with these provisions to the extent applicable. Before work in areas containing ACM and PACM is begun; employers shall identify the presence, location, and quantity of ACM, and/or PACM therein pursuant to subsection (k)(1) of this section. Before work under this standard is performed employers of employees who will perform such work shall inform the following persons of the location and quantity of ACM and/or PACM present in the area and the precautions to be taken to insure that airborne asbestos is confined to the area. Owners of the building/facility; Employees who will perform such work and employers of employees who work and/or will be working in adjacent areas. Within 10 days of the completion of such work, the employer whose employees have performed work subject to this standard, shall inform the building/facility owner and employers of employees who will be working in the area of the current location and quantity of PACM and/or ACM remaining in the area and final monitoring results, if any. In addition to the above requirements, all employers who discover ACM and/or PACM on a worksite shall convey information concerning the presence, location and quantity of such newly discovered ACM and/or PACM to the owner and to other employers of employees working at the work site, within 24 hours of the discovery. Criteria to rebut the designation of installed material as PACM. At any time, an employer and/or building owner may demonstrate, for purposes of this standard, that PACM does not contain asbestos. Building owners and/or employers are not required to communicate information about the presence of building material for which such a demonstration pursuant to the requirements of subsection (k)(5)(B) of The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

29

California this section has been made. However, in all such cases, the information, data and analysis supporting the determination that PACM does not contain asbestos, shall be retained pursuant to subsection (n) of this section. (k)(5)(B) An employer or owner may demonstrate that PACM does not contain more than 1% asbestos by the following: (k)(5)(B)1. Having completed an inspection conducted pursuant to the requirements of AHERA (40 CFR Part 763, Subpart E) which demonstrates that the material is not ACM or; (k)(5)(B)2. Performing tests of the material containing PACM which demonstrate that no ACM is present in the material. Such tests shall include analysis of bulk samples collected in the manner described in 40 CFR 763.86. The tests, evaluation and sample collection shall be conducted by an accredited inspector or by a CIH. Analysis of samples shall be performed by persons or laboratories with proficiency demonstrated by current successful participation in a nationally recognized testing program such as the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) or the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) or the Round Robin for bulk samples administered by the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) or an equivalent nationally-recognized round robin testing program. (k)(5)(C) The employer and/or building owner may demonstrate that flooring material including associated mastic and backing does not contain asbestos, by a determination of an industrial hygienist based upon recognized analytical techniques showing that the material is not ACM. (k)(6) At the entrance to mechanical rooms/areas in which employees reasonably can be expected to enter and which contain thermal system insulation and surfacing ACM and/or PACM, the building owner shall post signs which identify the material which is present, its location, and appropriate work practices which, if followed, will ensure that ACM and/or PACM will not be disturbed. The employer shall ensure, to the extent feasible, that employees who come in contact with these signs can comprehend them. Means to ensure employee comprehension may include the use of foreign languages, pictographs, graphics, and awareness training. (k)(7) Signs. (k)(7)(A) Warning signs that demarcate the regulated area shall be provided and displayed at each location where a regulated area is required to be established by subsection (e) of this section. Signs shall be posted at such a distance from such a location that an employee may read the signs and take necessary protective steps before entering the area marked by the signs. (k)(7)(B)1. The warning signs required by subsection (k)(7) of this section shall bear the following information:

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CALIFORNIA DANGER ASBESTOS CANCER AND LUNG DISEASE HAZARD AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY (k)(7)(B)2. In addition, where the use of respirators and protective clothing is required in the regulated area under this section, the warning signs shall include the following: RESPIRATORS AND PROTECTIVE CLOTHING ARE REQUIRED IN THIS AREA (k)(7)(C)

(k)(8) (k)(8)(A)

(k)(8)(B) (k)(8)(C)

The employer shall ensure that employees working in and contiguous to regulated areas comprehend the warning signs required to be posted by subsection (k)(7)(A) of this section. Means to ensure employee comprehension may include the use of foreign languages, pictographs and graphics. Labels. Labels shall be affixed to all products containing asbestos and to all containers containing such products, including waste containers. Where feasible, installed asbestos products shall contain a visible label. Labels shall be printed in large, bold letters on a contrasting background. Labels shall be used in accordance with the requirements of Section 5194 (f) of the General Industry Safety Orders, and shall contain the following information: DANGER CONTAINS ASBESTOS FIBERS AVOID CREATING DUST CANCER AND LUNG DISEASE HAZARD

(k)(8)(D)

Labels shall contain a warning statement against breathing asbestos fibers. (k)(8)(E) The provisions for labels required by subsections (k)(8)(A) through (k)(8)(C) do not apply where: (k)(8)(E)1. Asbestos fibers have been modified by a bonding agent, coating, binder, or other material, provided that the manufacturer can demonstrate that, during any reasonably foreseeable use, handling, storage, disposal, processing, or transportation, no airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in excess of the permissible exposure limit and/or excursion limit will be released, or (k)(8)(E)2. Asbestos is present in a waste product in concentrations less than 1.0 percent. The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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California Note: Section 5194 of the General Industry Safety Orders requires that manufactured and imported products containing more than 0.1% asbestos by weight be labeled with an appropriate warning. The exemptions specified in subsection (k)(7)(E) only apply to waste products or waste containers. (k)(8)(F) When a building owner/or employer identifies previously installed PACM and/or ACM, labels or signs shall be affixed or posted so that employees will be notified of what materials contain PACM and/or ACM. The employer shall attach such labels in areas where they will clearly be noticed by employees who are likely to be exposed, such as at the entrance to mechanical room/areas. Signs required by subsection (k)(6) of this section may be posted in lieu of labels so long as they contain information required for labeling. The employer shall ensure, to the extent feasible, that employees who come in contact with these signs or labels can comprehend them. Means to ensure employee comprehension may include the use of foreign languages, pictographs, graphics, and awareness training. (k)(9) Employee Information and Training. (k)(9)(A) The employer shall, at no cost to the employee, institute a training program for all employees who are likely to be exposed in excess of a PEL and for all employees who perform Class I through IV asbestos operations, and shall ensure their participation in the program. (k)(9)(B) Training shall be provided prior to or at the time of initial assignment and at least annually thereafter. Employees engaged in asbestosrelated work that requires employer registration under Section 341.6 or engaged in asbestos cement pipe operations as defined in subsection (r), shall be trained and certified by a Division approved training provider. To be approved by the Division, training providers shall: (k)(9)(B)(1) apply to the Division for course approval and (k)(9)(B)(2) pay fees covering the cost of the approval process to the Division as specified in regulations promulgated by the Division pursuant to the provisions of Chapter 3.5 (beginning with Section 11340) of Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2 of the Government Code. (k)(9)(C) Training for Class I operations and for Class II operations that require the use of critical barriers (or equivalent isolation methods) and/or negative pressure enclosures under this section shall be the equivalent in curriculum training method and length to the EPA Model Accreditation Plan (MAP) asbestos abatement workers training (40 CFR Part 763, Subpart E, Appendix C). (k)(9)(D) Training for Other Class II Work. (k)(9)(D)1. For work with asbestos containing material involving roofing materials, flooring materials, siding materials, ceiling tiles, or transite panels, training shall include at a minimum all the elements included in subsection (k)(9)(H) of this section and in addition, the specific work practices and engineering controls set forth in subsection (g) of this

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CALIFORNIA section which specifically relate to that category. Such course shall include hands-on training and shall take at least 8 hours. (k)(9)(D)2. An employee who works with more than one of the categories of material specified in subsection (k)(9)(D)1. of this section shall receive training in the work practices applicable to each category of material that the employee removes and each removal method that the employee uses. (k)(9)(D)3. For Class II operations not involving the categories of material specified in subsection (k)(9)(D)1. of this section, training shall be provided which shall include at a minimum all the elements included in subsection (k)(9)(H) of this section and in addition, the specific work practices and engineering controls set forth in subsection (g) of this section which specifically relate to the category of material being removed, and shall include hands-on training in the work practices applicable to each category of material that the employee removes and each removal method that the employee uses. (k)(9)(E) Training for Class III employees shall be consistent with EPA requirements for training of local education agency maintenance and custodial staff as set forth at 40 CFR 763.92(a)(2). Such a course shall also include hands-on training and shall take at least 16 hours. Exception: For Class III operations for which the competent person determines that the EPA curriculum does not adequately cover the training needed to perform that activity, training shall include as a minimum all the elements included in subsection (k)(9)(H) of this section and in addition, the specific work practices and engineering controls set forth in subsection (g) of this section which specifically relate to that activity, and shall include hands-on training in the work practices applicable to each category of material that the employee disturbs. (k)(9)(F) Training for employees performing Class IV operations shall be consistent with EPA requirements for training of local education agency maintenance and custodial staff as set forth at 40 CFR 763.92(a)(1). Such a course shall include available information concerning the locations of thermal system insulation and surfacing ACM/PACM, and asbestos-containing flooring material, or flooring material where the absence of asbestos has not yet been certified; and instruction in recognition of damage, deterioration, and delamination of asbestos containing building materials. Such course shall take at least 2 hours. (k)(9)(G) Training for employees who are likely to be exposed in excess of the PEL and who are not otherwise required to be trained under subsections (k)(9)(C) through (F) of this section, shall meet the requirements of subsection (k)(9)(H) of this section. (k)(9)(H) The training program shall be conducted in a manner that the employee is able to understand. In addition to the content required by The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

33

California provisions in subsections (k)(9)(C) through (F) of this section, the employer shall ensure that each such employee is informed of the following: (k)(9)(H)1. Methods of recognizing asbestos, including the requirement in subsection (k)(1) of this section to presume that certain building materials contain asbestos; (k)(9)(H)2. The health effects associated with asbestos exposure; (k)(9)(H)3. The relationship between smoking and asbestos in producing lung cancer; (k)(9)(H)4. The nature of operations that could result in exposure to asbestos, the importance of necessary protective controls to minimize exposure including, as applicable, engineering controls, work practices, respirators, housekeeping procedures, hygiene facilities, protective clothing, decontamination procedures, emergency procedures, and waste disposal procedures, and any necessary instruction in the use of these controls and procedures where Class III and IV work will be or is performed, the contents of EPA 20T-2003, “Managing Asbestos InPlace” July 1990 or its equivalent in content; (k)(9)(H)5. The purpose, proper use, fitting instructions, and limitations of respirators as required by Section 5144; (k)(9)(H)6. The appropriate work practices for performing the asbestos job; (k)(9)(H)7. Medical surveillance program requirements; (k)(9)(H)8. The content of this standard including appendices; (k)(9)(H)9. The names, addresses and phone numbers of public health organizations which provide information, materials and/or conduct programs concerning smoking cessation. The employer may distribute the list of such organizations contained in Appendix J to this section, to comply with this requirement; and, (k)(9)(H)10. The requirements for posting signs and affixing labels and the meaning of the required legends for such signs and labels. (k)(10) Access to Training Materials. (k)(10)(A) The employer shall make readily available to affected employees without cost, written materials relating to the employee training program, including a copy of this regulation. (k)(10)(B) The employer shall provide to the Chief and the Director, upon request, all information and training materials relating to the employee information and training program. (k)(10)(C) The employer shall inform all employees concerning the availability of self-help smoking cessation program material. Upon employee request, the employer shall distribute such material, consisting of NIH Publication No. 89-1647, or equivalent self-help material, which is approved or published by a public health organization listed in Appendix J to this section. (l)

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Housekeeping. The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

CALIFORNIA (l)(1)

(l)(2)

(l)(3) (l)(3)(A)

(l)(3)(C) (l)(3)(D) (l)(4) (l)(4)(A) (l)(4)(B)

Vacuuming. Where vacuuming methods are selected, HEPA filtered vacuuming equipment must be used. The equipment shall be used and emptied in a manner that minimizes the reentry of asbestos into the workplace. Waste Disposal. Asbestos waste, scrap, debris, bags, containers, equipment, and contaminated clothing consigned for disposal shall be collected and disposed of in sealed, labeled, impermeable bags or other closed, labeled, impermeable containers except in roofing operations, where the procedures specified in subsection (g)(8)(B) of this section apply. Care of Asbestos-containing Flooring Material. All vinyl and asphalt flooring material shall be maintained in accordance with this subsection unless the building/facility owner demonstrates, pursuant to subsection (g)(8)(A)9. of this section that the flooring does not contain asbestos.(l)(3)(B) Sanding of flooring material is prohibited. Stripping of finishes shall be conducted using low abrasion pads at speeds lower than 300 rpm and wet methods. Burnishing or dry buffing may be performed only on flooring which has sufficient finish so that the pad cannot contact the flooring material. Waste and debris and accompanying dust in an area containing accessible thermal system insulation or surfacing ACM/PACM or visibly deteriorated ACM: shall not be dusted or swept dry, or vacuumed without using a HEPA filter; shall be promptly cleaned up and disposed of in leak tight containers.

(m) (m)(1) (m)(1)(A) (m)(1)(A)1.

Medical Surveillance. General Employees Covered. The employer shall institute a medical surveillance program for all employees who, for a combined total of 30 or more days per year, are engaged in Class I, II and III work or are exposed at or above the permissible exposure limit. For purposes of this paragraph, any day in which a worker engages in Class II or Class III operations or a combination thereof on intact material for one hour or less (taking into account the entire time spent on the removal operation, including cleanup) and, while doing so, adheres fully to the work practices specified in this standard, shall not be counted. (m)(1)(A)2. For employees otherwise required by this standard to wear a negative pressure respirator, employers shall ensure employees are physically able to perform the work and use the equipment. This determination shall be made under the supervision of a physician. (m)(1)(B) Examination. (m)(1)(B)1. The employer shall ensure that all medical examinations and The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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California

(m)(1)(B)2.

(m)(2) (m)(2)(A) (m)(2)(A)1. (m)(2)(A)2.

(m)(2)(A)3. (m)(2)(A)4.

(m)(2)(A)5. (m)(2)(A)6.

(m)(2)(B) (m)(2)(B)1. (m)(2)(B)2.

(m)(2)(B)3.

36

procedures are performed by or under the supervision of a licensed physician, and are provided at no cost to the employee and at a reasonable time and place. Persons other than such licensed physicians who administer the pulmonary function testing required by this section shall complete a training course in spirometry sponsored by an appropriate academic or professional institution. Medical Examinations and Consultations. Frequency. The employer shall make available medical examinations and consultations to each employee covered under subsection (m)(1)(A) of this section on the following schedules: Prior to assignment of the employee to an area where negative pressure respirators are worn; When the employee is assigned to an area where exposure to asbestos may be at or above the permissible exposure limit for 30 or more days per year, or engage in Class I, II, or III work for a combined total of 30 or more days per year, a medical examination must be given within 10 working days following the thirtieth day of exposure; And at least annually thereafter. If the examining physician determines that any of the examinations should be provided more frequently than specified, the employer shall provide such examinations to affected employees at the frequencies specified by the physician. Exception: No medical examination is required of any employee if adequate records show that the employee has been examined in accordance with this subsection within the past 1 year period. Employers shall provide a medical examination at the termination of employment for any employee who has been exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos at or above the permissible exposure limit and/or excursion limit. The medical examination shall be given within 30 calendar days before or after the date of termination of employment. Content. Medical examinations made available pursuant to subsections (m)(2)(A)1. through (m)(2)(A)3. of this section shall include: A medical and work history with special emphasis directed to the pulmonary, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems. On initial examination, the standardized questionnaire contained in Part 1 of Appendix D to this section, and, on annual examination, the abbreviated standardized questionnaire contained in Part 2 of Appendix D to this section. A physical examination directed to the pulmonary and gastrointestinal systems, including a chest roentgenogram to be administered in accordance with Table 2 below, and pulmonary function tests of forced

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CALIFORNIA vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at one second [FEV(1)]. Interpretation and classification of chest roentgenograms shall be conducted in accordance with Appendix E to this section. TABLE 2 FREQUENCY OF CHEST X-RAYS YEARS SINCE FIRST EXPOSURE

AGE OF EMPLOYEE LESS THAN 40

40 AND OLDER

0-10

EVERY 3 YEARS

ANNUALLY*

10+

ANNUALLY*

ANNUALLY*

*Oblique x-rays need only be performed every 3 years. (m)(2)(B)4. Any other examinations or tests deemed necessary by the examining physician. (m)(3) Information Provided to the Physician. The employer shall provide the following information to the examining physician: (m)(3)(A) A copy of this standard and Appendices D, E, and I to this section; (m)(3)(B) A description of the affected employee's duties as they relate to the employee's exposure; (m)(3)(C) The employee's representative exposure level or anticipated exposure level; (m)(3)(D) A description of any personal protective and respiratory equipment used or to be used; and (m)(3)(E) Information from previous medical examinations of the affected employee that is not otherwise available to the examining physician. (m)(4) Physician's Written Opinion. (m)(4)(A) The employer shall obtain a written opinion from the examining physician. This written opinion shall contain the results of the medical examination and shall include: (m)(4)(A)1. The physician's opinion as to whether the employee has any detected medical conditions that would place the employee at an increased risk of material health impairment from exposure to asbestos; (m)(4)(A)2. Any recommended limitations on the employee or on the use of personal protective equipment such as respirators; and (m)(4)(A)3. A statement that the employee has been informed by the physician of the results of the medical examination and of any medical conditions that may result from asbestos exposure. (m)(4)(A)4. A statement that the employee has been informed by the physician of the increased risk of lung cancer attributable to the combined effect of smoking and asbestos exposure. (m)(4)(B) The employer shall instruct the physician not to reveal in the written opinion given to the employer specific findings or diagnoses unrelated The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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California

(m)(4)(C) (n) (n)(1) (n)(1)(A)

(n)(1)(B) (n)(1)(B)1. (n)(1)(B)2. (n)(1)(B)3. (n)(1)(B)4. (n)(1)(B)5. (n)(1)(C) (n)(2) (n)(2)(A)

(n)(2)(B) (n)(2)(B)1. (n)(2)(B)2. (n)(2)(B)3. (n)(2)(B)4. (n)(2)(B)5. (n)(2)(B)6. (n)(2)(C) (n)(3) (n)(3)(A)

38

to occupational exposure to asbestos. The employer shall provide a copy of the physician's written opinion to the affected employee within 30 days from its receipt. Recordkeeping. Objective data relied on pursuant to subsection (f) to this section. Where the employer has relied on objective data that demonstrates that products made from or containing asbestos or the activity involving such products or material are not capable of releasing fibers of asbestos in concentrations at or above the permissible exposure limit and/or excursion limit under the expected conditions of processing, use, or handling to satisfy the requirements of subsection (f), the employer shall establish and maintain an accurate record of objective data reasonably relied upon in support of the exemption. The record shall include at least the following information: The product qualifying for exemption; The source of the objective data; The testing protocol, results of testing, and/or analysis of the material for the release of asbestos; A description of the operation exempted and how the data support the exemption; and Other data relevant to the operations, materials, processing, or employee exposures covered by the exemption. The employer shall maintain this record for the duration of the employer's reliance upon such objective data. Exposure Measurements. The employer shall keep an accurate record of all measurements taken to monitor employee exposure to asbestos as prescribed in subsection (f) of this section. Note: The employer my utilize the services of competent organizations such as industry trade associations and employee associations to maintain the records required by this section. This record shall include at least the following information: The date of measurement; The operation involving exposure to asbestos that is being monitored; Sampling and analytical methods used and evidence of their accuracy; Number, duration, and results of samples taken; Type of protective devices worn, if any; and Name, social security number, and exposure of the employees whose exposures are represented. The employer shall maintain this record for at least thirty (30) years, in accordance with Section 3204 of the General Industry Safety Orders. Medical Surveillance. The employer shall establish and maintain an accurate record for each The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

CALIFORNIA

(n)(3)(B) (n)(3)(B)1. (n)(3)(B)2. (n)(3)(B)3. (n)(3)(B)4. (n)(3)(B)5. (n)(3)(C) (n)(4) (n)(5)

(n)(6)

(n)(7) (n)(7)(A) (n)(7)(B)

(n)(7)(C)

(n)(8) (n)(8)(A)

employee subject to medical surveillance by subsection (m) of this section, in accordance with Section 3204 of the General Industry Safety Orders. The record shall include at least the following information: The name and social security number of the employee; A copy of the employee's medical examination results, including the medical history, questionnaire responses, results of any tests, and physician's recommendations. Physician's written opinions; Any employee medical complaints related to exposure to asbestos; and A copy of the information provided to the physician as required by of this section. The employer shall ensure that this record is maintained for the duration of employment plus thirty (30) years, in accordance with Section 3204 of the General Industry Safety Orders. Training Records. The employer shall maintain all employee training records for one (1) year beyond the last date of employment by that employer. Data to Rebut PACM. Where the building owner and employer have relied on data to demonstrate that PACM is not asbestos-containing, such data shall be maintained for as long as they are relied upon to rebut the presumption. Records of Required Notifications. Where the building owner has communicated and received information concerning the identification, location and quantity of ACM and PACM, written records of such notifications and their content shall be maintained by the building owner for the duration of ownership and shall be transferred to successive owners of such buildings/facilities. Availability. The employer, upon written request, shall make all records required to be maintained by this section available to the Chief and the Director for examination and copying. The employer, upon request, shall make any exposure records required by subsections (f) and (n) of this section available for examination and copying to affected employees, former employees, designated representatives, and the Chief, in accordance with Section 3204 of the General Industry Safety Orders. The employer, upon request, shall make employee medical records required by subsections (m) and (n) of this section available for examination and copying to the subject employee, anyone having the specific written consent of the subject employee, and the Chief, in accordance with Section 3204 of the General Industry Safety Orders. Transfer of Records. The employer shall comply with the requirements concerning transfer of records set forth in Section 3204 of the General Industry Safety The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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California

(n)(8)(B)

(o) (o)(1)

(o)(2)

(o)(3)

(o)(3)(A)

(o)(3)(A)1. (o)(3)(A)2. (o)(3)(A)3. (o)(3)(A)4. (o)(3)(A)5. (o)(3)(A)6. (o)(3)(A)7. (o)(3)(A)8.

40

Orders. Whenever the employer ceases to do business and there is no successor employer to receive and retain the records for the prescribed period, the employer shall notify the Director at least 90 days prior to disposal and, upon request, transmit them to the Director. Competent Person. General. On all construction worksites covered by this standard, the employer shall designate a competent person, having the qualifications and authorities for ensuring worker safety and health required by Sections 1509, 1510, 1512, 1513, 1514, 1523, and 1920 of these orders. Required Inspections by the Competent Person. Section 1509(a) of these orders, which requires health and safety prevention programs to provide for frequent and regular inspections of the job sites, materials, and equipment to be made by competent persons, is incorporated. Additional Inspections. In addition, the competent person shall make frequent and regular inspections of the job sites, in order to perform the duties set out below in subsection (o)(3)(A). For Class I jobs, on-site inspections shall be made at least once during each work shift, and at any time at employee request. For Class II, III, and IV jobs, on-site inspections shall be made at intervals sufficient to assess whether conditions have changed, and at any reasonable time at employee request. On all worksites where employees are engaged in Class I or II asbestos work, the competent person designated in accordance with subsection (e)(6) of this section shall perform or supervise the following duties, as applicable: Set up the regulated area, enclosure, or other containment; Ensure (by on-site inspection) the integrity of the enclosure or containment; Set up procedures to control entry to and exit from the enclosure and/or area; Supervise all employee exposure monitoring required by this section and ensure that it is conducted as required by subsection (f) of this section; Ensure that employees working within the enclosure and/or using glove bags wear respirators and protective clothing as required by subsections (h) and (i) of this section; Ensure through on-site supervision, that employees set up, use, and remove engineering controls, use work practices and personal protective equipment in compliance with all requirements; Ensure that employees use the hygiene facilities and observe the decontamination procedures specified in subsection (j) of this section; Ensure that, through on-site inspection, engineering controls are functioning properly and employees are using proper work practices; The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

CALIFORNIA and, (o)(3)(A)9. Ensure that notification requirement in subsection (k) of this section are met. (o)(4) Training for the Competent Person. (o)(4)(A) For Class I and II asbestos work the competent person shall be trained in all aspects of asbestos removal and handling, including: abatement, installation, removal and handling; the contents of this standard; the identification of asbestos; removal procedures, where appropriate; and other practices for reducing the hazard. Such training shall be obtained in a comprehensive course for supervisors, that meets the criteria of EPA's Model Accredited Plan (40 CFR Part 763, Subpart E. Appendix C), such as a course conducted by an EPA-approved or state approved training provider, certified by EPA or a state, or a course equivalent in stringency, content and length. (o)(4)(B) For Class III and IV asbestos work, the competent person shall be trained in aspects of asbestos handling appropriate for the nature of the work, to include procedures for setting up glove bags and minienclosures, practices for reducing asbestos exposures, use of wet methods, the contents of this standard, and the identification of asbestos. Such training shall include successful completion of a course that is consistent with EPA requirements for training of local education agency maintenance and custodial staff as set forth at 40 CFR 763.92(a)(2), or its equivalent in stringency, content, and length. Competent persons for Class III and IV work, may also be trained pursuant to the requirements of subsection (o)(4)(A) of this section. (p) (p)(1) (p)(2)

(q) (q)(1)

Appendices. Appendices A, C, D, and E to this section are incorporated as part of this section and the contents of these appendices are mandatory. Appendices B, F, H, I, J, and K to this section are informational and are not intended to create any additional obligations not otherwise imposed or to detract from any existing obligations. Certified Asbestos Consultants and Certified Site Surveillance Technicians. The following definitions are applicable to subsection (q) only: Asbestos consultant means any person who contracts to provide professional health and safety services relating to asbestos- containing construction material as defined in this subsection, which comprises 100 square feet or more of surface area. The activities of an asbestos consultant include building inspection, abatement project design, contract administration, sample collection, preparation of asbestos management plans, clearance monitoring, and supervision of site surveillance technicians as defined in this subsection.

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41

California Asbestos-containing Construction Material means any manufactured construction material which contains more than one tenth of 1 percent asbestos by weight. Certified Asbestos Consultant means any asbestos consultant certified by the Division pursuant to this section. Certified Site Surveillance Technician means any surveillance technician certified by the Division pursuant to the section. Division means the Division of Occupational Safety and Health of the California Department of Industrial Relations. Site Surveillance Technician means any person who acts as an independent on-site representative of an asbestos consultant. The site surveillance technician monitors the asbestos abatement activities of others, provides asbestos air monitoring services for area and personal samples, and performs building surveys and contract administration at the direction of an asbestos consultant. State-of-the-art means all asbestos abatement and control work procedures currently in use which have been demonstrated to be the most effective, reliable, and protective of workers health. As new procedures are developed which demonstrate greater effectiveness, reliability, and worker protection and thereby come into use, they become state-of-the-art. (q)(2)

(q)(2)(A) (q)(2)(A)1. (q)(2)(A)2. (q)(2)(A)3.

(q)(2)(A)4. (q)(2)(A)5.

42

Certified Asbestos Consultant Criteria. To obtain certification, an asbestos consultant must apply to the Division and complete all application requirements specified in Section 341.15. In order to qualify as an asbestos consultant, the applicant must meet all of the following requirements: Achievement of a passing score as determined by the Division on an examination approved or administered by the Division including, but not limited to, the following subjects: The physical characteristics of asbestos; The health effects of asbestos; The regulatory requirements of the Division, the Federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, air quality management districts, and the Department of Health Services, including protective clothing, respiratory protection, exposure limits, personal hygiene, medical monitoring, disposal, and general industry safety hazards; State-of-the-art asbestos abatement and control work procedures; Federal Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act training The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

CALIFORNIA

(q)(2)(A)6. (q)(2)(B) (q)(2)(B)1.

(q)(2)(B)2. (q)(2)(B)2.A.

(q)(2)(B)2.B. (q)(2)(B)2.C.

(q)(2)(B)2.D. (q)(3)

(q)(3)(A) (q)(3)(A)1. (q)(3)(A)2. (q)(3)(A)3.

information and procedures for inspectors, management planners, and supervisors, as provided for under Subchapter II (commencing with Section 2641) of Chapter 53 of Title 15 of the United States Code, or the equivalent, as determined by the Division; and Information concerning industrial hygiene sampling methodology, including asbestos sampling and analysis techniques and recordkeeping. Providing such documentation and other information as the Division shall require to substantiate: The possession of a valid and appropriate federal Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act [Subchapter II (commencing with Section 2641) of Chapter 53 of Title 15 of the United States Code] certificate, or its equivalent, as determined by the Division; and Any one of the following combinations of education and experience: One year of asbestos-related experience and a bachelor of science degree in engineering, architecture, industrial hygiene, construction management, or a related biological or physical science; Two years of asbestos-related experience and a bachelor's degree; Three years of asbestos-related experience and an associate of arts degree in engineering, architecture, industrial hygiene, construction management, or a related biological or physical science; or Four years of asbestos-related experience and a high school diploma or its equivalent. Certified Site Surveillance Technician Criteria. To obtain certification, a site surveillance technician must apply to the Division and complete all application requirements specified in Section 341.15. In order to qualify as a site surveillance technician, the applicant must meet all of the following requirements: Achievement of a passing score as determined by the Division on an examination approved or administered by the Division including, but not limited to, the following subjects: The physical characteristics of asbestos; The health effects of asbestos; The regulatory requirements of the Division, the Federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, air quality management districts, and the Department of Health Services, including protective clothing, respiratory protection, exposure limits, The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

43

California

(q)(3)(A)4. (q)(3)(A)5. (q)(3)(B) (q)(3)(B)1.

(q)(3)(B)2. (q)(3)(B)3. (q)(4)

(r) (r)(1)

personal hygiene, medical monitoring, disposal, and general industry safety hazards; State-of-the-art asbestos abatement and control work procedures. Information concerning industrial hygiene sampling methodology, including sampling techniques and recordkeeping. Providing such documentation and other information as the Division shall require to substantiate all of the following: Possession of a valid federal Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act [Subchapter II (commencing with Section 2641) of Chapter 53 of Title 15 of the United States Code] certificate for the type of work being performed, or its equivalent, as determined by the Division. Six (6) months of asbestos-related experience under the supervision of an asbestos consultant. Possession of a high school diploma or equivalent. No employer shall engage the services of an asbestos consultant or site surveillance technician unless that person provides proof of certification by the Division. Report of Use and Asbestos-related Work Registration. The following definitions are applicable to subsection (r) only: Asbestos-containing Construction Material means any manufactured construction material which contains more than one tenth of 1 percent asbestos by weight. Asbestos-related Work means any activity which by disturbing asbestos-containing construction materials may release asbestos fibers into the air and which is not related to its manufacture, the mining or excavation of asbestos-bearing ore or materials, or the installation or repair of automotive materials containing asbestos. Asbestos-related work does not include the installation, repair, maintenance, or nondestructive removal of asbestos cement pipe used outside of buildings if the work operations do not result in employee exposures to asbestos in excess of 0.1 fibers per cubic centimeter of air (f/cc) as an 8hour time-weighted average and the employees and supervisors involved in the work operations are trained and certified by an asbestos cement pipe training program which is approved by the Division.

(r)(2)

44

Report of Use. See section 5203. Note: Employers registered with the Chief in accordance with Sections 341.6 to 341.9 for the purpose of conducting asbestos-related work involving over 100 square feet, as defined in Section 341.6(a), of asbestos-containing construction material shall be deemed to be in compliance with section 5203 for the asbestos-related work requiring The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

CALIFORNIA registration. Except that emergencies as defined in section 5203(a) must be reported as required in section 5203(f). Exception: An employer need not register all the materials containing asbestos if objective data demonstrates that during all reasonably foreseeable uses, handling, storage, disposal, processing, or transportation, no airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in excess of the permissible exposure limit and/or excursion limit will be released. The objective data shall include at least those elements specified in subsection (n)(1) of this section. NOTE: Authority cited: Sections 142.3, 6501.5, 9020, 9021.5, 9021.9, 9030 and 9040, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3, 6501.5, 6501.7, 6501.8, 6501.9, 6502, 9003, 9004(b), 9005, 9006, 9009, 9020, 9021.5, 9021.9, 9030 and 9040, Labor Code; Section 25910, Health and Safety Code; and Sections 7180, 7180.5, 7181, 7182, 7183, 7183.5, 7184, 7185, 7187, 7189, 7189.5 and 7189.7, Business and Professions Code. HISTORY 1. New section filed 2-15-91; operative 2-15-91 pursuant to Government Code section 11346.2(d) (Register 91, No. 19). 2. Editorial correction of HISTORY 1. (Register 91, No. 45). 3. Amendment of subsection (b) and NOTE and adoption of subsections (o)(6)(o)(8) and (t) filed 1-21-92 as an emergency; operative 2-20-92 (Register 92, No. 13). 4. Change without regulatory effect amending definition of chief in subsection (b) filed 3-4-92 pursuant to section 100, title 1, California Code of Regulations (Register 92, No. 19). 5. Amendment of subsection (c)(1) filed 5-1-95; operative 5-31-95 (Register 95, No. 18). 6. Editorial correction of subsection (b) (Register 95, No. 41). 7. Change without regulatory effect deleting duplicate Certified supervisor definition filed 12-21-95 pursuant to section 100, title 1, California Code of Regulations (Register 95, No. 51). 8. Repealer and new section filed 5-3-96; operative 7-3-96 (Register 96, No. 18). 9. Amendment of subsections (k)(9)(B), (q)(2)-(3) and (r)(1) definition of Asbestos-related work, and amendment of Note filed 2-5-97; operative 3-7-97 (Register 97, No. 6). 10. New subsection (h)(2)(F), amendment of subsections (k)(6), (k)(8)(F) and (k)(9)(C)-(k)(9)(D)1., new (k)(9)(D)2.-3. and amendment of subsections (k)(9)(E) and (m)(1)(A)1. filed 10-3-97; operative 10-3-97. Submitted to OAL for printing only pursuant to Labor Code section 142.3(a)(3) (Register 97, No. 40). 11. Amendment of former subsections (h)(1)-(h)(4)(B) including subsection renumbering and relettering resulting in newly designated subsections (h)(1)(h)(3)(D)3. filed 8-25-98; operative 11-23-98 (Register 98, No. 35). The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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California 12.

13.

Amendment of subsections (r)-(r)(2), repealer of subsection (r)(2)(A), Note 1. and Note 2. designator, amendment of former Note 2., and repealer of subsections (r)(2)(B)-(r)(2)(B)1. and (r)(2)(B)2.-(r)(5) filed 7-6-99; operative 85-99 (Register 99, No. 28). Change without regulatory effect amending subsections (h)(3)(D)2.-3. filed 12-20-99 pursuant to section 100, title 1, California Code of Regulations (Register 99, No. 52).

Subchapter 4. Construction Safety Orders Article 4. Dusts, Fumes, Mists, Vapors, and Gases §1529. Asbestos, Appendix A OSHA Reference Method Mandatory This mandatory appendix specifies the procedure for analyzing air samples for asbestos and specifies quality control procedures that must be implemented by laboratories performing the analysis. The sampling and analytical methods described below represent the elements of the available monitoring methods (such as appendix B to this section, the most current version of the OSHA method ID-60, or the most current version of the NIOSH 7400 method) which OSHA considers to be essential to achieve adequate employee exposure monitoring while allowing employers to use methods that are already established within their organizations. All employers who are required to conduct air monitoring under subsection (f) of this section are required to utilize analytical laboratories that use this procedure, or an equivalent method, for collecting and analyzing samples. Sampling and Analytical Procedure 1. The sampling medium for air samples shall be mixed cellulose ester filter membranes. These shall be designated by the manufacturer as suitable for asbestos counting. See below for rejection of blanks. 2. The preferred collection device shall be the 25-mm diameter cassette with an open-faced 50-mm extension cowl. The 37-mm cassette may be used if necessary but only if written justification for the need to use the 37-mm filter cassette accompanies the sample results in the employee's exposure monitoring record. Do not reuse or reload cassettes for asbestos sample collection. 3. An air flow rate between 0.5 liter/min and 2.5 liters/min shall be selected for the 25-mm cassette. If the 37-mm cassette is used, an air flow rate between 1 liter/min and 2.5 liters/min shall be selected. 4. Where possible, a sufficient air volume for each air sample shall be collected to yield between 100 and 1,300 fibers per square millimeter on the membrane filter. If a filter darkens in appearance or if loose dust is seen on the filter, a

46

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CALIFORNIA

5.

6. 7. 8.

9. 10. 10.a. 10.b.

10.c. 11.

12. 13. 13.a. 13.b.

second sample shall be started. Ship the samples in a rigid container with sufficient packing material to prevent dislodging the collected fibers. Packing material that has a high electrostatic charge on its surface (e.g., expanded polystyrene) cannot be used because such material can cause loss of fibers to the sides of the cassette. Calibrate each personal sampling pump before and after use with a representative filter cassette installed between the pump and the calibration devices. Personal samples shall be taken in the "breathing zone" of the employee (i.e., attached to or near the collar or lapel near the worker's face). Fiber counts shall be made by positive phase contrast using a microscope with an 8 to 10 X eyepiece and a 40 to 45 X objective for a total magnification of approximately 400 X and a numerical aperture of 0.65 to 0.75. The microscope shall also be fitted with a green or blue filter. The microscope shall be fitted with a Walton-Beckett eyepiece graticule calibrated for a field diameter of 100 micrometers (+/- 2 micrometers). The phase-shift detection limit of the microscope shall be about 3 degrees measured using the HSE phase shift test slide as outlined below. Place the test slide on the microscope stage and center it under the phase objective. Bring the blocks of grooved lines into focus. Note: The slide consists of seven sets of grooved lines (ca. 20 grooves to each block) in descending order of visibility from sets 1 to 7, seven being the least visible. The requirements for asbestos counting are that the microscope optics must resolve the grooved lines in set 3 completely, although they may appear somewhat faint, and that the grooved lines in sets 6 and 7 must be invisible. Sets 4 and 5 must be at least partially visible but may vary slightly in visibility between microscopes. A microscope that fails to meet these requirements has either too low or too high a resolution to be used for asbestos. If the image deteriorates, clean and adjust the microscope optics. If the problem persists, consult the microscope manufacturer. Each set of samples taken will include 10% field blanks or a minimum of 2 field blanks. These blanks must come from the same lot as the filters used for sample collection. The field blank results shall be averaged and subtracted from the analytical results before reporting. A set consists of any sample or group of samples for which an evaluation for this standard must be made. Any samples represented by a field blank having a fiber count in excess of the detection limit of the method being used shall be rejected. The samples shall be mounted by the acetone/triacetin method or a method with an equivalent index of refraction and similar clarity. Observe the following counting rules. Count only fibers equal to or longer than 5 micrometers. Measure the length of curved fibers along the curve. Count all particles as asbestos that have a length-to-width ratio (aspect ratio) The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

47

California of 3:1 or greater. 13.c. Fibers lying entirely within the boundary of the Walton-Beckett graticule field shall receive a count of 1. Fibers crossing the boundary once, having one end within the circle, shall receive the count of one half (1/2). Do not count any fiber that crosses the graticule boundary more than once. Reject and do not count any other fibers even though they may be visible outside the graticule area. 13.d. Count bundles of fibers as one fiber unless individual fibers can be identified by observing both ends of an individual fiber. 13.e. Count enough graticule fields to yield 100 fibers. Count a minimum of 20 fields; stop counting at 100 fields regardless of fiber count. 14. Blind recounts shall be conducted at the rate of 10 percent. Quality Control Procedures 1. Intra-laboratory Program. Each laboratory and/or each company with more than one microscopist counting slides shall establish a statistically designed quality assurance program involving blind recounts and comparisons between microscopists to monitor the variability of counting by each microscopist and between microscopists. In a company with more than one laboratory, the program shall include all laboratories and shall also evaluate the laboratory-to-laboratory variability. 2. a. Inter-laboratory Program. Each laboratory analyzing asbestos samples for compliance determination shall implement an inter-laboratory quality assurance program that as a minimum includes participation of at least two other independent laboratories. Each laboratory shall participate in round robin testing at least once every 6 months with at least all the other laboratories in its inter-laboratory quality assurance group. Each laboratory shall submit slides typical of its own work load for use in this program. The round robin shall be designed and results analyzed using appropriate statistical methodology. 2.b. All laboratories should participate in a national sample testing scheme such as the Proficiency Analytical Testing Program (PAT), the Asbestos Registry sponsored by the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA). 3. All individuals performing asbestos analysis must have taken the NIOSH course for sampling and evaluating airborne asbestos dust or an equivalent course. 4. When the use of different microscopes contributes to differences between counters and laboratories, the effect of the different microscopes shall be evaluated and the microscopes shall be replaced, as necessary. 5. Current results of these quality assurance programs shall be posted in each laboratory to keep the microscopists informed. NOTE:

48

Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

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CALIFORNIA HISTORY 1. New Appendix A to section 1529 filed 2-15-91; operative 2-15-91 pursuant to Government Code section 11346.2(d) (Register 91, No. 19). 2. Editorial correction of HISTORY 1. (Register 91, No. 45). 3. Amendment filed 5-3-96; operative 7-3-96 (Register 96, No. 18).

Subchapter 4. Construction Safety Orders Article 4. Dusts, Fumes, Mists, Vapors, and Gases §1529. Asbestos, Appendix B Sampling and Analysis (Non-mandatory) Matrix Air: OSHA Permissible Exposure Limits: Time Weighted Average..................... 0.1 fiber/cc Excursion Level (30 minutes) 1.0 fiber/cc Collection Procedure: A known volume of air is drawn through a 25-mm diameter cassette containing a mixed-cellulose ester filter. The cassette must be equipped with an electrically conductive 50-mm extension cowl. The sampling time and rate are chosen to give a fiber density of between 100 to 1,300 fibers/mm2 on the filter. Recommended Sampling Rate............... 0.5 to 5.0 liters/minute (L/min) Recommended Air Volumes: Minimum .................................. 25 L Maximum .................................. 2,400 L Analytical Procedure: A portion of the sample filter is cleared and prepared for asbestos fiber counting by Phase Contrast Microscopy (PCM) at 400X. Commercial manufacturers and products mentioned in this method are for descriptive use only and do not constitute endorsements by USDOL-OSHA. Similar products from other sources can be substituted. 1. Introduction: This method describes the collection of airborne asbestos fibers using calibrated sampling pumps with mixed-cellulose ester (MCE) filters and analysis by phase contrast microscopy (PCM). Some terms used are unique to this method and are defined below: Asbestos: A term for naturally occurring fibrous minerals. Asbestos includes chrysotile, crocidolite, amosite (cummingtonite-grunerite asbestos), tremolite asbestos, actinolite asbestos, anthophyllite asbestos, and any of these minerals that have been chemically treated and/or altered. The precise chemical formulation of each

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California species will vary with the location from which it was mined. Nominal compositions are listed: Chrysotile...................... Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 Crocidolite..................... Na2Fe32Fe23Si8O22(OH)2 Amosite......................... (Mg,Fe)7Si8O22(OH)2 Tremolite-actinolite....... Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2 Anthophyllite................. (Mg,Fe)7Si8O22(OH)2 Asbestos Fiber: A fiber of asbestos which meets the criteria specified below for a fiber. Aspect Ratio: The ratio of the length of a fiber to it's diameter (e.g. 3:1, 5:1 aspect ratios). Cleavage Fragments: Mineral particles formed by combination of minerals, especially those characterized by parallel sides and a moderate aspect ratio (usually less than 20:1). Detection Limit: The number of fibers necessary to be 95% certain that the result is greater than zero. Differential Counting: The term applied to the practice of excluding certain kinds of fibers from the fiber count because they do not appear to be asbestos. Fiber: A particle that is 5 :m or longer, with a length-to-width ratio of 3 to 1 or longer. Field: The area within the graticule circle that is superimposed on the microscope image. Set: The samples which are taken, submitted to the laboratory, analyzed, and for which, interim or final result reports are generated. Tremolite, Anthophyllite, and Actinolite: The non-asbestos form of these minerals which meet the definition of a fiber. It includes any of these minerals that have been chemically treated and/or altered. Walton-Beckett Graticule: An eyepiece graticule specifically designed for asbestos fiber counting. It consists of a circle with a projected diameter of 100 plus or minus 2 :m (area of about 0.00785 mm2) with a crosshair having ticmarks at 3 :m intervals in one direction and 5 :m in the orthogonal direction. There are marks around the periphery of the circle to demonstrate the proper sizes and shapes of fibers. This design is reproduced in Figure 1. of this appendix. The disk is placed in one of the microscope eyepieces so that the design is superimposed on the field of view.

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CALIFORNIA 1.1.

1.2.

1.3. 1.3.(1) 1.3.(2) 1.3.(3) 1.3.(4)

1.4.

History: Early surveys to determine asbestos exposures were conducted using impinger counts of total dust with the counts expressed as million particles per cubic foot. The British Asbestos Research Council recommended filter membrane counting in 1969. In July 1969, the Bureau of Occupational Safety and Health published a filter membrane method for counting asbestos fibers in the United States. This method was refined by NIOSH and published as P & CAM 239. On May 29, 1971, OSHA specified filter membrane sampling with phase contrast counting for evaluation of asbestos exposures at work sites in the United States. The use of this technique was again required by OSHA in 1986. Phase contrast microscopy has continued to be the method of choice for the measurement of occupational exposure to asbestos. Principle: Air is drawn through a MCE filter to capture airborne asbestos fibers. A wedge shaped portion of the filter is removed, placed on a glass microscope slide and made transparent. A measured area (field) is viewed by PCM. All the fibers meeting defined criteria for asbestos are counted and considered a measure of the airborne asbestos concentration. Advantages and Disadvantages: There are four main advantages of PCM over other methods: The technique is specific for fibers. Phase contrast is a fiber counting technique which excludes non-fibrous particles from the analysis. The technique is inexpensive and does not require specialized knowledge to carry out the analysis for total fiber counts. The analysis is quick and can be performed on-site for rapid determination of air concentrations of asbestos fibers. The technique has continuity with historical epidemiological estimates of expected disease can be inferred from long-term determinations of asbestos exposures. The main disadvantage of PCM is that it does not positively identify asbestos fibers. Other fibers which are not asbestos may be included in the count unless differential counting is performed. This requires a great deal of experience to adequately differentiate asbestos from non-asbestos fibers. Positive identification of asbestos must be performed by polarized light or electron microscopy techniques. A further disadvantage of PCM is that the smallest visible fibers are about 0.2:m in diameter while the finest asbestos fibers may be as small as 0.02:m in diameter. For some exposures, substantially more fibers may be present than are actually counted. Workplace Exposure: Asbestos is used by the construction industry in such products as shingles, floor tiles, asbestos cement, roofing felts, insulation and acoustical products. Non-construction uses include brakes, clutch facings, paper, paints, plastics, and fabrics. One of the most significant exposures in the workplace is the removal and encapsulation of asbestos in schools, public buildings, and homes. The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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California

1.5.

2. 2.1.

2.2.

3.

4.

52

Many workers have the potential to be exposed to asbestos during these operations. About 95% of the asbestos in commercial use in the United States is chrysotile. Crocidolite and amosite make up most of the remainder. Anthophyllite and tremolite or actinolite are likely to be encountered as contaminants in various industrial products. Physical Properties: Asbestos fiber possesses a high tensile strength along its axis, is chemically inert, non-combustible, and heat resistant. It has a high electrical resistance and good sound absorbing properties. It can be woven into cables, fabrics or other textiles, and also matted into asbestos papers, felts, or mats. Range and Detection Limit The ideal counting range on the filter is 100 to 1,300 fibers/mm2. With a Walton-Beckett graticule this range is equivalent to 0.8 to 10 fibers/field. Using NIOSH counting statistics, a count of 0.8 fibers/field would give an approximate coefficient of variation (CV) of 0.13. The detection limit for this method is 4.0 fibers per 100 fields or 5.5 fibers/mm2. This was determined using an equation to estimate the maximum CV possible at a specific concentration (95% confidence) and a Lower Control Limit of zero. The CV value was then used to determine a corresponding concentration from historical CV vs fiber relationships. As an example: Lower Control Limit (95% Confidence) = AC -- 1.645(CV)(AC) Where: AC = Estimate of the airborne fiber concentration (fibers/cc) Setting the Lower Control Limit = 0 and solving for CV: 0 = AC - 1.645(CV)(AC) CV = 0.61 This value was compared with CV vs. count curves. The count at which CV = 0.61 for Leidel-Busch counting statistics or for an OSHA Salt Lake Technical Center (OSHA-SLTC) CV curve (see Appendix A for further information) was 4.4 fibers or 3.9 fibers per 100 fields, respectively. Although a lower detection limit of 4 fibers per 100 fields is supported by the OSHA-SLTC data, both data sets support the 4.5 fibers per 100 fields value. Method Performance - Precision and Accuracy - Precision is dependent upon the total number of fibers counted and the uniformity of the fiber distribution on the filter. A general rule is to count at least 20 and not more than 100 fields. The count is discontinued when 100 fibers are counted, provided that 20 fields have already been counted. Counting more than 100 fibers results in only a small gain in precision. As the total count drops below 10 fibers, an accelerated loss of precision is noted. At this time, there is no known method to determine the absolute accuracy of the asbestos analysis. Results of samples prepared through the Proficiency Analytical Testing (PAT) Program and analyzed by the OSHA-SLTC showed no significant bias when compared to PAT reference values. The PAT samples were analyzed from 1987 to 1989 (N=36) and the concentration range was from 120 to 1,300 fibers/mm2. Interferences - Fibrous substances, if present, may interfere with asbestos The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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5. 5.1. 5.1.1.

5.1.2. 5.1.3.

5.1.4. 5.1.5. 5.2. 5.2.1. 5.2.2. 5.2.3. 5.2.4.

5.2.5.

analysis. Some common fibers are: fiberglass anhydrite plant fibers perlite veins gypsum some synthetic fibers membrane structures sponge spicules diatoms micro-organisms wollastonite The use of electron microscopy or optical tests such as polarized light, and dispersion staining may be used to differentiate these materials from asbestos when necessary. Sampling Equipment Sample Assembly. Conductive filter holder consisting of a 25-mm diameter, 3-piece cassette having a 50-mm long electrically conductive extension cowl, Backup pad, 25-mm, cellulose. Membrane filter, mixed-cellulose ester (MCE), 25-mm, plain, white, 0.4- to 1.2 :m pore size. Notes: (a) DO NOT RE-USE CASSETTES. (b) Fully conductive cassettes are required to reduce fiber loss to the sides of the cassette due to electrostatic attraction. (c) Purchase filters which have been selected by the manufacturer for asbestos counting or analyze representative filters for fiber background before use. Discard the filter lot if more than 4 fibers/100 fields are found. (d) To decrease the possibility of contamination, the sampling system (filter-backup pad-cassette) for asbestos is usually preassembled by the manufacturer. (e) Other cassettes, such as the Bell-mouth, may be used within the limits of their validation. Gel bands for sealing cassettes. Sampling Pump. Each pump must be a battery operated, self- contained unit small enough to be placed on the monitored employee and not interfere with the work being performed. The pump must be capable of sampling at the collection rate for the required sampling time. Flexible tubing, 6-mm bore. Pump Calibration. Stopwatch and bubble tube/burette or electronic meter. Sampling Procedure Seal the point where the base and cowl of each cassette meet with a gel band or tape. Charge the pumps completely before beginning. Connect each pump to a calibration cassette with an appropriate length of 6mm bore plastic tubing. Do not use luer connectors -- the type of cassette specified above has built-in adapters. Select an appropriate flow rate for the situation being monitored. The sampling flow rate must be between 0.5 and 5.0 L/min for personal sampling and is commonly set between 1 and 2 L/min. Always choose a flow rate that will not produce overloaded filters. Calibrate each sampling pump before and after sampling with a calibration The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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California cassette in-line (Note: This calibration cassette should be from the same lot of cassettes used for sampling). Use a primary standard (e.g. bubble burette) to calibrate each pump. If possible, calibrate at the sampling site. If sampling site calibration is not possible, environmental influences may affect the flow rate. The extent is dependent on the type of pump used. Consult with the pump manufacturer to determine dependence on environmental influences. If the pump is affected by temperature and pressure changes, correct the flow rate using the formula shown in the section "Sampling Pump Flow Rate Corrections" at the end of this appendix. 5.2.6. Connect each pump to the base of each sampling cassette with flexible tubing. Remove the end cap of each cassette and take each air sample open face. Assure that each sample cassette is held open side down in the employee's breathing zone during sampling. The distance from the nose/mouth of the employee to the cassette should be about 10 cm. Secure the cassette on the collar or lapel of the employee using spring clips or other similar devices. 5.2.7. A suggested minimum air volume when sampling to determine TWA compliance is 25 L. For Excursion Limit (30 min sampling time) evaluations, a minimum air volume of 48 L is recommended. 5.2.8. The most significant problem when sampling for asbestos is overloading the filter with non-asbestos dust. Suggested maximum air sample volumes for specific environments are: Environment Air Vol. (L) Asbestos removal operations (visible dust) 100. Asbestos removal operations (little dust) 240. Office environments. 400 to 2,400. CAUTION: Do not overload the filter with dust. High levels of non- fibrous dust particles may obscure fibers on the filter and lower the count or make counting impossible. If more than about 25 to 30% of the field area is obscured with dust, the result may be biased low. Smaller air volumes may be necessary when there is excessive non-asbestos dust in the air. While sampling, observe the filter with a small flashlight. If there is a visible layer of dust on the filter, stop sampling, remove and seal the cassette, and replace with a new sampling assembly. The total dust loading should not exceed 1 mg. 5.2.9. Blank samples are used to determine if any contamination has occurred during sample handling. Prepare two blanks for the first 1 to 20 samples. For sets containing greater than 20 samples, prepare blanks as 10% of the samples. Handle blank samples in the same manner as air samples with one exception: Do not draw any air through the blank samples. Open the blank cassette in the place where the sample cassettes are mounted on the employee. Hold it open for about 30 seconds. Close and seal the cassette appropriately. Store blanks for shipment with the sample cassettes. 5.2.10. Immediately after sampling, close and seal each cassette with the base and plastic plugs. Do not touch or puncture the filter membrane as this will

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5.2.11.

5.3. 5.3.1.

5.3.2.

5.3.3. 6. 6.1. 6.1.1.

6.1.2.

6.2. 6.2.1. 6.2.2. 6.2.3. 6.2.4. 6.2.5. 6.2.6. 6.2.7. 6.2.8.

invalidate the analysis. Attach and secure a sample seal around each sample cassette in such a way as to assure that the end cap and base plugs cannot be removed without destroying the seal. Tape the ends of the seal together since the seal is not long enough to be wrapped end-to-end. Also wrap tape around the cassette at each joint to keep the seal secure. Sample Shipment Send the samples to the laboratory with paperwork requesting asbestos analysis. List any known fibrous interferences present during sampling on the paperwork. Also, note the workplace operation(s) sampled. Secure and handle the samples in such that they will not rattle during shipment nor be exposed to static electricity. Do not ship samples in expanded polystyrene peanuts, vermiculite, paper shreds, or excelsior. Tape sample cassettes to sheet bubbles and place in a container that will cushion the samples in such a manner that they will not rattle. To avoid the possibility of sample contamination, always ship bulk samples in separate mailing containers. Analysis Safety Precautions Acetone is extremely flammable and precautions must be taken not to ignite it. Avoid using large containers or quantities of acetone. Transfer the solvent in a ventilated laboratory hood. Do not use acetone near any open flame. For generation of acetone vapor, use a spark free heat source. Any asbestos spills should be cleaned up immediately to prevent dispersal of fibers. Prudence should be exercised to avoid contamination of laboratory facilities or exposure of personnel to asbestos. Asbestos spills should be cleaned up with wet methods and/or a High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filtered vacuum. CAUTION: Do not use a vacuum without a HEPA filter -- It will disperse fine asbestos fibers in the air. Equipment Phase contrast microscope with binocular or trinocular head. Widefield or Huygenian 10X eyepieces (NOTE: The eyepiece containing the graticule must be a focusing eyepiece. Use a 40X phase objective with a numerical aperture of 0.65 to 0.75). Kohler illumination (if possible) with green or blue filter. Walton-Beckett Graticule, type G-22 with 100 plus or minus 2µm projected diameter. Mechanical stage. A rotating mechanical stage is convenient for use with polarized light. Phase telescope. Stage micrometer with 0.01-mm subdivisions. Phase-shift test slide, mark II (Available from PTR optics Ltd., and The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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California

6.2.9. 6.2.10. 6.2.11. 6.2.12. 6.2.13. 6.2.14. 6.2.15. 6.3. 6.3.1. 6.3.2. 6.3.3. 6.4.

6.5.

6.5.1. 6.5.2. 6.5.3.

6.5.4.

56

also McCrone). Precleaned glass slides, 25 mm X 75 mm. One end can be frosted for convenience in writing sample numbers, etc., or paste-on labels can be used. Cover glass #1 1/2. Scalpel (#10, curved blade). Fine tipped forceps. Aluminum block for clearing filter (see Appendix D). Automatic adjustable pipette, 100-to 500-:L. Micropipette, 5 :L. Reagents Acetone (HPLC grade). Triacetin (glycerol triacetate). Lacquer or nail polish. Standard Preparation: A way to prepare standard asbestos samples of known concentration has not been developed. It is possible to prepare replicate samples of nearly equal concentration. This has been performed through the PAT program. These asbestos samples are distributed by the AIHA to participating laboratories. Since only about one-fourth of a 25-mm sample membrane is required for an asbestos count, any PAT sample can serve as a "standard" for replicate counting. Sample Mounting: See Safety Precautions in Section 6.1. before proceeding. The objective is to produce samples with a smooth (nongrainy) background in a medium with a refractive index of approximately 1.46. The technique below collapses the filter for easier focusing and produces permanent mounts which are useful for quality control and interlaboratory comparison. An aluminum block or similar device is required for sample preparation. Heat the aluminum block to about 70 deg.C. The hot block should not be used on any surface that can be damaged by either the heat or from exposure to acetone. Ensure that the glass slides and cover glasses are free of dust and fibers. Remove the top plug to prevent a vacuum when the cassette is opened. Clean the outside of the cassette if necessary. Cut the seal and/or tape on the cassette with a razor blade. Very carefully separate the base from the extension cowl, leaving the filter and backup pad in the base. With a rocking motion cut a triangular wedge from the filter using the scalpel. This wedge should be one-sixth to one-fourth of the filter. Grasp the filter wedge with the forceps on the perimeter of the filter which was clamped between the cassette pieces. DO NOT TOUCH the filter with your finger. Place the filter on the glass slide sample side up. Static electricity will usually keep the filter on the slide until it is cleared. The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

CALIFORNIA 6.5.5.

6.5.6.

6.5.7.

6.5.8. 6.5.9. 6.6.

6.6.1. 6.6.1.(1) 6.6.1.(2) 6.6.1.(3) 6.6.1.(4) 6.6.1.(5)

6.6.2. 6.6.2.(1) 6.6.2.(2)

Place the tip of the micropipette containing about 200 :L acetone into the aluminum block. Insert the glass slide into the receiving slot in the aluminum block. Inject the acetone into the block with slow, steady pressure on the plunger while holding the pipette firmly in place. Wait 3 to 5 seconds for the filter to clear, then remove the pipette and slide from the aluminum block. Immediately (less than 30 seconds) place 2.5 to 3.5 :L of triacetin on the filter (NOTE: Waiting longer than 30 seconds will result in increased index of refraction and decreased contrast between the fibers and the preparation. This may also lead to separation of the cover slip from the slide). Lower a cover slip gently onto the filter at a slight angle to reduce the possibility of forming air bubbles. If more than 30 seconds have elapsed between acetone exposure and triacetin application, glue the edges of the cover slip to the slide with lacquer or nail polish. If clearing is slow, warm the slide for 15 min on a hot plate having a surface temperature of about 50 deg.C to hasten clearing. The top of the hot block can be used if the slide is not heated too long. Counting may proceed immediately after clearing and mounting are completed. Sample Analysis: Completely align the microscope according to the manufacturer's instructions. Then, align the microscope using the following general alignment routine at the beginning of every counting session and more often if necessary. Alignment Clean all optical surfaces. Even a small amount of dirt can significantly degrade the image. Rough focus the objective on a sample. Close down the field iris so that it is visible in the field of view. Focus the image of the iris with the condenser focus. Center the image of the iris in the field of view. Install the phase telescope and focus on the phase rings. Critically center the rings. Misalignment of the rings results in astigmatism which will degrade the image. Place the phase-shift test slide on the microscope stage and focus on the lines. The analyst must see line set 3 and should see at least parts of 4 and 5 but, not see line set 6 or 6. A microscope/microscopist combination which does not pass this test may not be used. Counting Fibers Place the prepared sample slide on the mechanical stage of the microscope. Position the center of the wedge under the objective lens and focus upon the sample. Start counting from one end of the wedge and progress along a radial line to the other end (count in either direction from perimeter to wedge tip). Select fields randomly, without looking into the eyepieces, by The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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California

6.6.2.(3) 6.6.2.(4)

6.6.2.(5) 6.6.2.(6) 6.6.2.(7) 6.6.2.(8)

6.6.2.(9)

6.6.2.(10) 6.6.2.(11) 6.6.2.(12) 6.6.2.(13) 6.7.

58

slightly advancing the slide in one direction with the mechanical stage control. Continually scan over a range of focal planes (generally the upper 10 to 15 :m of the filter surface) with the fine focus control during each field count. Spend at least 5 to 15 seconds per field. Most samples will contain asbestos fibers with fiber diameters less than 1 :m. Look carefully for faint fiber images. The small diameter fibers will be very hard to see. However, they are an important contribution to the total count. Count only fibers equal to or longer than 5 :m. Measure the length of curved fibers along the curve. Count fibers which have a length to width ratio of 3:1 or greater. Count all the fibers in at least 20 fields. Continue counting until either 100 fibers are counted or 100 fields have been viewed; whichever occurs first. Count all the fibers in the final field. Fibers lying entirely within the boundary of the Walton-Beckett graticule field shall receive a count of 1. Fibers crossing the boundary once, having one end within the circle shall receive a count of 1/2. Do not count any fiber that crosses the graticule boundary more than once. Reject and do not count any other fibers even though they may be visible outside the graticule area. If a fiber touches the circle, it is considered to cross the line. Count bundles of fibers as one fiber unless individual fibers can be clearly identified and each individual fiber is clearly not connected to another counted fiber. See Figure 1 of this appendix for counting conventions. Record the number of fibers in each field in a consistent way such that filter non-uniformity can be assessed. Regularly check phase ring alignment. When an agglomerate (mass of material) covers more than 25% of the field of view, reject the field and select another. Do not include it in the number of fields counted. Perform a "blind recount" of 1 in every 10 filter wedges (slides). Relabel the slides using a person other than the original counter. Fiber Identification: As previously mentioned in Section 1.3., PCM does not provide positive confirmation of asbestos fibers. Alternate differential counting techniques should be used if discrimination is desirable. Differential counting may include primary discrimination based on morphology, polarized light analysis of fibers, or modification of PCM data by Scanning Electron or Transmission Electron Microscopy. A great deal of experience is required to routinely and correctly perform differential counting. It is discouraged unless it is legally necessary. Then, only if a fiber is obviously not asbestos should it be excluded from the count. Further discussion of this technique can be found in reference 8.10. If there is a question whether a fiber is The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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6.8. 6.8.1. 6.8.2.

6.8.3. 6.8.4.

7. 7.1.

asbestos or not, follow the rule: "WHEN IN DOUBT, COUNT." Analytical Recommendations -- Quality Control System All individuals performing asbestos analysis must have taken the NIOSH course for sampling and evaluating airborne asbestos or an equivalent course. Each laboratory engaged in asbestos counting shall set up a slide trading arrangement with at least two other laboratories in order to compare performance and eliminate inbreeding of error. The slide exchange occurs at least semiannually. The round robin results shall be posted where all analysts can view individual analyst's results. Each laboratory engaged in asbestos counting shall participate in the Proficiency Analytical Testing Program, the Asbestos Analyst Registry or equivalent. Each analyst shall select and count prepared slides from a "slide bank". These are quality assurance counts. The slide bank shall be prepared using uniformly distributed samples taken from the workload. Fiber densities should cover the entire range routinely analyzed by the laboratory. These slides are counted blind by all counters to establish an original standard deviation. This historical distribution is compared with the quality assurance counts. A counter must have 95% of all quality control samples counted within three standard deviations of the historical mean. This count is then integrated into a new historical mean and standard deviation for the slide. The analyses done by the counters to establish the slide bank may be used for an interim quality control program if the data are treated in a proper statistical fashion. Calculations Calculate the estimated airborne asbestos fiber concentration on the filter sample using the following formula:

AC =

[(

FB FL

−

BFB BFL

)]xECA

1000 xFRxTxMFA

where: AC = Airborne fiber concentration FB = Total number of fibers greater than 5 Im counted FL = Total number of fields counted on the filter BFB = Total number of fibers greater than 5 Im counted in the blank BFL = Total number of fields counted on the blank ECA = Effective collecting area of filter (385 mm(2) nominal for a 25 mm filter.) FR = Pump flow rate (L/min) MFA = Microscope count field area (mm(2)). This is 0.00785 mm(2) for a Walton-Beckett Graticule. T = Sample collection time (min) 1,000 = Conversion of L to cc The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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California The collection area of a filter is seldom equal to 385 mm(2). It is appropriate for laboratories to routinely monitor the exact diameter using an inside micrometer. The collection area is calculated according to the formula: Area =B(d/2)2 7.2.

Short-Cut Calculation: Since a given analyst always has the same interpupillary distance, the number of fields per filter for a particular analyst will remain constant for a given size filter. The field size for that analyst is constant (i.e. the analyst is using an assigned microscope and is not changing the reticle). For example, if the exposed area of the filter is always 385 mm2 and the size of the field is always 0.00785 mm2 the number of fields per filter will always be 49,000. In addition it is necessary to convert liters of air to cc. These three constants can then be combined such that ECA/(1,000 x MFA)=49. The previous equation simplifies to:

AC = 7.3.

( FBFL ) − ( BFB BFL ) x 49 FRxT

Recount Calculations: As mentioned in step 13 of Section 6.6.2., a "blind recount" of 10% of the slides is performed. In all cases, differences will be observed between the first and second counts of the same filter wedge. Most of these differences will be due to chance alone, that is, due to the random variability (precision) of the count method. Statistical recount criteria enables one to decide whether observed differences can be explained due to chance alone or are probably due to systematic differences between analysts, microscopes, or other biasing factors. The following recount criterion is for a pair of counts that estimate AC in fibers/cc. The criterion is given at the typeI error level. That is, there is 5% maximum risk that we will reject a pair of counts for the reason that one might be biased, when the large observed difference is really due to chance. Reject a pair of counts if:

AC2 − AC1

2.78 x

(

)

AC AVG xCVFB

Where: AC(1) = lower estimated airborne fiber concentration AC(2) = higher estimated airborne fiber concentration AC(avg) = average of the two concentration estimates CV(FB) = CV for the average of the two concentration estimates

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CALIFORNIA If a pair of counts are rejected by this criterion then, recount the rest of the filters in the submitted set. Apply the test and reject any other pairs failing the test. Rejection shall include a memo to the industrial hygienist stating that the sample failed a statistical test for homogeneity and the true air concentration may be significantly different than the reported value. 7.4. Reporting Results: Report results to the industrial hygienist as fibers/cc. Use two significant figures. If multiple analyses are performed on a sample, an average of the results is to be reported unless any of the results can be rejected for cause. 8. References 8.1. Dreesen, W.C., et al., U.S. Public Health Service: A Study of Asbestosis in the Asbestos Textile Industry (Public Health Bulletin No. 241), U.S. Treasury Dept., Washington, DC, 1938. 8.2. Asbestos Research Council: The Measurement of Airborne Asbestos Dust by the Membrane Filter Method (Technical Note), Asbestos Research Council, Rockdale, Lancashire, Great Britain, 1969. 8.3. Bayer, S.G., Zumwalde, R.D., Brown, T.A., Equipment and Procedure for Mounting Millipore Filters and Counting Asbestos Fibers by Phase Contrast Microscopy, Bureau of Occupational Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare, Cincinnati, OH, 1969. 8.4. NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 2nd ed., Vol. 1 (DHEW/ NIOSH Pub. No. 77-157-A). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, 1977. pp. 239-1 -- 239-21. 8.5. Asbestos, Code of Federal Regulations 29 CFR 1910.1001. 1971. 8.6. Occupational Exposure to Asbestos, Tremolite, Anthophyllite, and Actinolite. Final Rule, Federal Register 51:119 (20 June 1986). pp. 22612-22790. 8.7. Asbestos, Tremolite, Anthophyllite, and Actinolite, Code of Federal Regulations 1910.1001. 1988. pp. 711-752. 8.8. Criteria for a Recommended Standard -- Occupational Exposure to Asbestos (DHEW/NIOSH Pub. No. HSM 72-10267), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH, 1972. pp. III-1 -III-24. 8.9. Leidel, N.A., Bayer, S.G., Zumwalde, R.D., Busch, K.A., USPHS/NIOSH Membrane Filter Method for Evaluating Airborne Asbestos Fibers (DHEW/NIOSH Pub. No. 79-127). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, 1979. 8.10. Dixon, W.C., Applications of Optical Microscopy in Analysis of Asbestos and Quartz, Analytical Techniques in Occupational Health Chemistry, edited by D.D. Dollberg and A.W. Verstuyft. Wash. D.C.: American Chemical Society, (ACS Symposium Series 120) 1980. pp. 13-41. Quality Control The OSHA asbestos regulations require each laboratory to establish a quality control program. The following is presented as an example of how the OSHASLTC constructed its internal CV curve as part of meeting this requirement. The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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California Data is from 395 samples collected during OSHA compliance inspections and analyzed from October 1980 through April 1986. Each sample was counted by 2 to 5 different counters independently of one another. The standard deviation and the CV statistic was calculated for each sample. This data was then plotted on a graph of CV vs. fibers/mm2. A least squares regression was performed using the following equation: CV = antilog10 [A(log10(x))2+B(log10(x))+C] where: x = the number of fibers/mm2 Application of least squares gave: A = 0.182205 B = 0.973343 C = 0.327499 Using these values, the equation becomes: CV = antilog10 [0.182205(log10(x))2 + 0.973343(log10(x)) + 0.327499]

Sampling Pump Flow Rate Corrections This correction is used if a difference greater than 5% in ambient temperature and/or pressure is noted between calibration and sampling sites and the pump does not compensate for the differences.

Qact = Qcal x

( ) x( ) Pcal Pact

Tact Tcal

Where: Q(act) = actual flow rate Q(cal) = calibrated flow rate (if a rotameter was used, the rotameter value) P(cal) = uncorrected air pressure at calibration P(act) = uncorrected air pressure at sampling site T(act) = temperature at sampling site (K) T(cal) = temperature at calibration (K) Walton-Beckett Graticule When ordering the Graticule for asbestos counting, specify the exact disc diameter needed to fit the ocular of the microscope and the diameter (mm) of the circular counting area. Instructions for measuring the dimensions necessary are listed: (1) Insert any available graticule into the focusing eyepiece and focus so that the graticule lines are sharp and clear. (2) Align the microscope. (3) Place a stage micrometer on the microscope object stage and focus the

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(4) (5) (6)

microscope on the graduated lines. Measure the magnified grid length, PL (Im), using the stage micrometer. Remove the graticule from the microscope and measure its actual grid length, AL (mm). This can be accomplished by using a mechanical stage fitted with verniers, or a jeweler's loupe with a direct reading scale. Let D = 100 µm. Calculate the circle diameter, d(c)(mm), for the Walton-Beckett graticule and specify the diameter when making a purchase:

dc =

ALxD PL

Example: If PL = 108 µm, AL = 2.93 mm and D = 100 µm, then,

dc = (7)

2.93x100 = 2.71mm 108

Each eyepiece-objective-reticle combination on the microscope must be calibrated. Should any of the three be changed (by zoom adjustment, disassembly, replacement, etc.), the combination must be recalibrated. Calibration may change if interpupillary distance is changed. Measure the field diameter, D (acceptable range: 100 plus or minus 2 µm) with a stage micrometer upon receipt of the graticule from the manufacturer. Determine the field area (mm(2)). Field Area = 3.14(D/2)2 If D = 100 m = 0.1 mm, then Field Area = 3.14(0.1 mm/2)2 = 0.00785mm2

The Graticule is available from: Graticules Ltd., Morley Road, Tonbridge TN9 IRN, Kent, England (Telephone 011-44-732-359061). Also available from PTR Optics Ltd., 145 Newton Street, Waltham, MA 02154 [telephone (617) 891-6000] or McCrone Accessories and Components, 2506 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, IL 60616 [phone (312)- 842-7100]. The graticule is custom made for each microscope.

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California Counts for the Fibers in the Figure Structure No. Count Explanation 1 to 6 1 Single fibers all contained within the Circle. 7 ½ Fiber crosses circle once. 8 0 Fiber too short. 9 2 Two crossing fibers. 10 0 Fiber outside graticule. 11 0 Fiber crosses graticule twice. 12 ½ Although split, fiber only crosses once. NOTE:

Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

HISTORY 1. New Appendix B to section 1529 filed 2-15-91; operative 2-15-91 pursuant to Government Code section 11346.2(d) (Register 91, No. 19). 2. Editorial correction of HISTORY 1 (Register 91, No. 45). 3. Editorial correction of Appendix B (Register 95, No. 41). 4. Repealer and new appendix and Note filed 5-3-96; operative 7-3-96 (Register 96, No. 18).

California Code of Regulations Title 8, Section 1529. Asbestos Appendix C Subchapter 4. Construction Safety Orders Article 4. Dusts, Fumes, Mists, Vapors, and Gases 1529. Asbestos, Appendix C (Repealed) See Section 5144, Appendix A. HISTORY 1. New Appendix C to section 1529 filed 2-15-91; operative 2-15-91 pursuant to Government Code section 11346(d) (Register 91, No. 19). 2. Editorial correction of HISTORY 1. (Register 91, No. 45). 3. Amendment of appendix and Note filed 5-3-96; operative 7-3-96 (Register 96, No. 18). 4. Deleted Appendix C; filed 8/25/98; effective 11/23/98.

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California Code of Regulations Title 8, Section 1529. Asbestos Appendix D Subchapter 4. Construction Safety Orders Article 4. Dusts, Fumes, Mists, Vapors, and Gases Medical Questionnaires Mandatory This mandatory appendix contains the medical questionnaires that must be administered to all employees who are exposed to asbestos above the permissible exposure limit, and who will therefore be included in their employer's medical surveillance program. Part 1 of the appendix contains the Initial Medical Questionnaire, which must be obtained for all new hires who will be covered by the medical surveillance requirements. Part 2 includes the abbreviated Periodical Medical Questionnaire, which must be administered to all employees who are provided periodic examinations under the medical surveillance provisions of the standard. Part 1

INITIAL MEDICAL QUESTIONNAIRE

1. NAME 2. SOCIAL SECURITY 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

3. CLOCK NUMBER 10 11 12 13 14 15 4. PRESENT OCCUPATION 5. PLANT 6. ADDRESS 7. (Zip Code) 8. TELEPHONE NUMBER 9. INTERVIEWER , 10. DATE 16 17 18 19 20 21 11.DATE OF BIRTH MONTH

DAY 22 23

12. Place of Birth 13 Sex 1. Male 2. Female 14. What is your marital status? 1. Single 3. Widowed

YEAR 24 25

26 27

2. Married 4. Separated/Divorced

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California 15. Race

1. White 2. Black 3. Asian 4. Hispanic 5. Indian 6. Other 16. What is the highest grade completed in school? (For example 12 years is completion of high school) OCCUPATIONAL HISTORY 17A. Have you ever worked full time 1. Yes (30 hours per week or more for 6 months or more?) 2. No IF YES TO 17A: B. Have you ever worked for a year or more in any dusty job? 1. Does Not Apply 2. Specify job/industry 3. Total Years Worked Was dust exposure: 1. Mild __ 2. Moderate __ 3. Severe __ C. Have you even been exposed to gas or chemical fumes in your work? 1. Yes 2. No Specify job/industry ______________________ Total Years Worked _____________________ Was exposure: 1. Mild __ 2.Moderate __ 3.Severe __ D. What has been your usual occupation or job--the one you have worked at the longest? 1. Job occupation 2. Number of years employed in this occupation 3. Position/job title 4. Business, field or industry (Record on lines the years in which you have worked in any of these industries. e.g. 1960-1969) 19. CHEST COLDS AND CHEST ILLNESSES 19A. If you get a cold, does it usually go to your chest? (Usually means more than 1/2 the time) 1.Yes __ 2. No__ 3. Don't get colds __ 20A. During then past 3 years, have you had any chest illnesses that have kept you off work, indoors at home, or in bed? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ IF YES TO 20A B. Did you produce phlegm with any of these chest illnesses? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ 3. Does not apply__ C. In the last 3 years, how many such illnesses with (increased) phlegm did you have which lasted a week or more? Number of illnesses__ No such illnesses__ 21. Did you have any lung trouble before the age of 16? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ 22. Have you ever had any of the following? 1A. Attacks of bronchitis? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ IF YES TO 1A: B. Was it confirmed by a doctor? 1. Yes __ 2. No__ 3. Does Not Apply__ C. At what age was your first attack? Age in Years__ Does Not Apply__

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CALIFORNIA 2A. Pneumonia (include bronchopneumonia)? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ IF YES TO 2A: B. Was it confirmed by a doctor? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ 3. Does Not Apply__ C. At what age did you first have it? Age in Years__ Does Not Apply__ 3A. Hay fever? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ IF YES TO 3A: B. Was it confirmed by a doctor? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ 3. Does Not Apply__ C. At what age did it start? Age in Years__ Does Not Apply__ 23A. Have you ever had chronic bronchitis? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ IF YES TO 23A: B. Do you still have it? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ 3. Does Not Apply__ C. Was it confirmed by a doctor? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ 3. Does Not Apply__ D. At what age did it start? Age in Years__ Does Not Apply__ 24A. Have you ever had emphysema? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ IF YES TO 24A: B. Do you still have it? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ 3. Does Not Apply__ C. Was it confirmed by a doctor? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ 3. Does Not Apply__ D. At what age did it start? Age in Years__ Does Not Apply__ 25A. Have you ever had asthma? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ IF YES TO 25A: B. Do you still have it? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ 3. Does Not Apply__ C. Was it confirmed by a doctor? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ 3. Does Not Apply__ D. At what age did it start? Age in Years__ Does Not Apply__ E. If you no longer have it, at what age did it stop? Age stopped__ Does Not Apply__ 26. Have you ever had: A. Any other chest illness? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ If yes, please specify B. Any chest operations? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ If yes, please specify C. Any chest injuries? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ If yes, please specify 27A. Has a doctor ever told you that you had heart trouble? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ IF YES TO 27A: B. Have you ever had treatment for heart trouble in the past 10 years? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ 3. Does not apply__ 28A. Has a doctor ever told you that you had high blood pressure? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ IF YES TO 28A: B. Have you ever had treatment for high blood pressure (hypertension) in the past 10 years? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ 3. Does not apply__ 29. When did you last have your chest X-rayed? (Year) 30. Where did you last have your chest X-rayed (if known)?

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California What was the outcome? FAMILY HISTORY 31. Were either of your natural parents ever told by a doctor that they had a chronic lung condition such as: FATHER MOTHER 1.Yes 2.No 3. Don't Know 1.Yes 2.No 3. Don't Know A. Chronic Bronchitis? ____ ____ ____ B. Emphysema? ____ ____ ____ C. Asthma? ____ ____ ____ D. Lung cancer? ____ ____ ____ E. Other chest conditions?____ ____ ____ F. Is parent currently alive?__ ____ ____ G. Please Specify Age if Living ______ Age at Death ______ Don't Know ______ H. Please specify cause of death _______________

____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____

____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____

____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____

_____ _____ _____ _____________________

COUGH 32A. Do you usually have a cough? (Count a cough with first smoke or on first going out doors. Exclude clearing of throat) [If no, skip to question 32C.] 1.Yes __ 2. No__ B. Do you usually cough as much as 4 to 6 times a day 4 or more days out of the week? 1. Yes __ 2. No__ C. Do you usually cough at all on getting up or first thing in the morning? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ D. Do you usually cough at all during the rest of the day or at night? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ IF YES TO ANY OF ABOVE (32A, B, C, OR D), ANSWER THE FOLLOWING. IF NO TO ALL, CHECK DOES NOT APPLY AND SKIP TO NEXT PAGE. E. Do you usually cough like this on most days for 3 consecutive months or more during the year? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ 3.Does not apply__ F. For how many years have you had the cough? Number of Years__ Does Not Apply__ 33A. Do you usually bring up phlegm from your chest? (Count phlegm with the first smoke or on first going out of doors. Exclude phlegm from the nose. Count swallowed phlegm.) (If no, skip to 33C) 1.Yes __ 2. No__

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CALIFORNIA B. Do you usually bring up phlegm like this as much as twice a day 4 or more days out of the week? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ C. Do you usually bring up phlegm at all on getting up or first thing in the morning? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ D. Do you usually bring up phlegm at all during the rest of the day or at night? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ IF YES TO ANY OF THE ABOVE (33A, B, C, OR D), ANSWER THE FOLLOWING: IF NO TO ALL, CHECK DOES NOT APPLY AND SKIP TO 34A. E. Do you bring up phlegm like this on most days for 3 consecutive months or more during the year? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ 3. Does not apply__ F. For how many years have you had trouble with phlegm? Number of years__ Does not apply__ EPISODES OF COUGH AND PHLEGM 34A. Have you had periods or episodes of (increased*) and phlegm lasting for 3 weeks or more each year? *(For persons who usually have cough and/or phlegm) 1.Yes __ 2. No__ IF YES TO 34A B. For how long have you had at least 1 such episode per year? Number of years__ Does not apply__ WHEEZING 35A. Does you chest ever sound wheezy or whistling 1. When you have a cold? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ 2. Occasionally apart from colds? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ 3. Most days or nights? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ IF YES TO 1, 2, or 3 in 35A B. For how many years has this been present? Number of years__ Does not apply__ 36A. Have you ever had an attack of wheezing that has made you feel short of breath? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ B. How old were you when you had your first such attack? Age in years__ Does not apply__ C. Have you had 2 or more such episodes? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ 3.Does not apply__ D. Have you ever required medicine or treatment for the(se) attack(s)? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ 3. Does not apply__ BREATHLESSNESS 37. If disabled from walking by any condition other than heart or lung disease, please describe and proceed to question 39A. Nature of condition(s)

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California 38A. Are you troubled by shortness of breath when hurrying on the level or walking up a slight hill? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ IF YES TO 38A B. Do you have a walk slower than people of your age on the level because of breathlessness? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ 3. Does not apply__ C. Do you ever have to stop for breath when walking at your own pace on the level? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ 3. Does not apply__ D. Do you ever have to stop for breath after walking about 100 yards (or after a few minutes) on the level? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ 3. Does not apply__ E. Are you too breathless to leave the house or breathless on dressing or climbing one flight of stairs? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ 3. Does not apply__ TOBACCO SMOKING 39A. Have you ever smoked cigarettes? (No means less than 20 packs of cigarettes or 12 oz. of tobacco in a lifetime or less than 1 cigarette a day for 1 year.) 1. Yes __ 2. No__ IF YES TO 39A B. Do you now smoke cigarettes (as of one month ago) 1.Yes __ 2. No__ 3.Does not apply__ C. How old were you when you first started regular cigarette smoking? Age in years__ Does not apply__ D. If you have stopped smoking cigarettes completely, how old were you when you stopped?Age stopped__ Check if still smoking__ Does not apply__ E. How many cigarettes do you smoke per day now? Cigarettes per day__ Does not apply__ F. On the average of the entire time you smoked, how many cigarettes did you smoke per day? Cigarettes per day__ Does not apply__ G. Do or did you inhale the cigarette smoke? 1. Does not apply__ 2. Not at all__ 3.S lightly__ 4. Moderately__ 5. Deeply__ 40A. Have you ever smoked a pipe regularly? (Yes means more than 12 oz. of tobacco in a lifetime.) 1.Yes __ 2. No__ IF YES TO 40A: B. 1. How old were you when you started to smoke a pipe regularly? Age__ 2. If you have stopped smoking a pipe completely, how old were you when you stopped? Age stopped__ Check of still smoking pipe__ Does not apply__ C. On the average over the entire time you smoked a pipe how much pipe tobacco did you smoke per week? (a standard pouch of tobacco contains 1 1/2 oz.) oz. per week__ Does not apply__ D. How much pipe tobacco are you smoking now? oz. per week__ Not currently smoking a pipe__

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CALIFORNIA E. Do you or did you inhale the pipe smoke? 1. Never smoked__ 2. Not at all__ 3. Slightly__ 4. Moderately__ 5. Deeply__ 41A. Have you ever smoked cigars regularly? (Yes means more than 1 cigar a week for a year) 1.Yes __ 2. No__ IF YES TO 41A FOR PERSONS WHO HAVE EVER SMOKED CIGARS B. 1. How old were you when you started smoking cigars regularly? Age__ 2. If you have stopped smoking cigars completely, how old were you when you stopped? Age stopped__ Check if still smoking cigars__ Does not apply__ C. On the average over the entire time you smoked cigars, how many cigars did you smoke per week? Cigars per week__ Does not apply__ D. How many cigars are you smoking per week now? Cigars per week__ Check if not smoking cigars currently__ E. Do or did you inhale the cigar smoke? 1. Never smoked__ 2. Not at all__ 3.Slightly__ 4. Moderately__ 5. Deeply__ Signature Date Part 2 PERIODIC MEDICAL QUESTIONNAIRE 1. NAME 2. SOCIAL SECURITY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3. CLOCK NUMBER 10 11 12 13 14 15 4. PRESENT OCCUPATION 5. PLANT 6. ADDRESS 7. 8. TELEPHONE NUMBER 9. INTERVIEWER 10. DATE , , 16 17 18 19 20 21

(Zip Code)

12. OCCUPATIONAL HISTORY 12A. Have you ever worked full time (30 hours per week or more for 6 months or more?) 1. Yes 2. No IF YES TO 12A: 12B.Have you ever worked for a year or more in any dusty job? 1. Does Not Apply 2. Specify job/industry 3. Total Years Worked

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California 12C. Was dust exposure: 1. Mild __ 2.Moderate __ 3.Severe __ 12D. In the past year, were you exposed to gas or chemical fumes in your work? 1.Yes __ 2. No__ 12E. Was exposure: 1. Mild __2.Moderate __3.Severe __ 12F. In the past year, what was your 1.Job/occupation? 2.Position/job title? 13. RECENT MEDICAL HISTORY 13A. Do you consider yourself to be in good heath? Yes __ No __ IF NO, state reason 13B. In the past year, have you developed: Epilepsy? Yes___ No ___ Rheumatic fever? Yes___ No ___ Kidney disease? Yes___ No ___ Bladder disease? Yes___ No ___ Diabetes? Yes___ No ___ Jaundice? Yes___ No ___ Cancer? Yes___ No___ 14. CHEST COLDS AND CHEST ILLNESSES 14A. If you get a cold, does it usually go to your chest? (Usually means more than 1/2 the time) 1.Yes __ 2 No.__ 3.Don't get colds__ 15A. During the past year, have you had any chest illnesses that have kept you off work, indoors at home, or in bed? 1.Yes __ 2 No.__ 3.Does Not Apply__ IF YES TO 15A: 15B. Did you produce phlegm with any of these chest illnesses? 1.Yes __ 2 No.__ 3.Does Not Apply__ 15C. In the past year, how many such illnesses with (increased) phlegm did you have which lasted a week or more? Number of illnesses__ No such illnesses__ 16. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM In the past year have you had: Yes or No Further Comment on Positive Answers Asthma ___ ___ _________________________________ Bronchitis ___ ___ _________________________________ Hay Fever ___ ___ _________________________________ Other Allergies ___ ___ _________________________________ Pneumonia ___ ___ _________________________________ Tuberculosis ___ ___ _________________________________ Chest Surgery ___ ___ _________________________________ Other Lung Problems ___ ___ _________________________________ Heart Disease ___ ___ _________________________________

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CALIFORNIA Do you have: Frequent colds Chronic cough Shortness of breath when walking or climbing one flight of stairs Do you: Wheeze Cough up phlegm Smoke cigarettes Packs per day How many years Signature NOTE

Yes or No ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

___ ___ ___ ___ ___

___ ___ ___ ___ ___

Further Comment on Positive Answers _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________

_________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ Date

Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

HISTORY 1. New Appendix D to section 1529 filed 2-15-91; operative 2-15-91 pursuant to Government Code section 11346(d) (Register 91, No. 19). 2. Editorial correction of HISTORY 1. (Register 91, No. 45). 3. Amendment of appendix and Note filed 5-3-96; operative 7-3-96 (Register 96, No. 18). 4. Editorial correction of Part 1, No. 16 (Register 99, No. 28).

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California

California Code of Regulations Title 8, Section 1529. Asbestos Appendix E Subchapter 4. Construction Safety Orders Article 4. Dusts, Fumes, Mists, Vapors, and Gases Interpretation and Classification of Chest Roentgenograms Mandatory (a)

(b) (c)

Chest roentgenograms shall be interpreted and classified in accordance with a professionally accepted classification system and recorded on an interpretation form following the format of the CDC/NIOSH (M) 2.8 form. As a minimum, the content within the bold lines of this form (items 1 through 4) shall be included. This form is not to be submitted to NIOSH. Roentgenograms shall be interpreted and classified only by a B-reader, a board eligible/certified radiologist, or an experienced physician with known expertise in pneumoconioses. All interpreters, whenever interpreting chest roentgenograms made under this section, shall have immediately available for reference a complete set of the ILO-U/C International Classification of Radiographs for Pneumoconioses, 1980. NOTE:

Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

HISTORY 1. New Appendix E to section 1529 filed 2-15-91; operative 2-15-91 pursuant to Government Code section 11346(d) (Register 91, No. 19). 2. Editorial correction of HISTORY 1. (Register 91, No. 45). 3. Amendment of appendix and Note filed 5-3-96; operative 7-3-96 (Register 96, No. 18).

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California Code of Regulations Title 8, Section 1529. Asbestos Appendix F Subchapter 4. Construction Safety Orders Article 4. Dusts, Fumes, Mists, Vapors, and Gases Work Practices and Engineering Controls for Class I Asbestos Operations (Non-mandatory) This is a non-mandatory appendix to the asbestos standards for construction and for shipyards. It describes criteria and procedures for erecting and using negative pressure enclosures for Class I Asbestos Work, when NPEs are used as an allowable control method to comply with subsection (g)(5)(A) of this section. Many small and variable details are involved in the erection of a negative pressure enclosure. OSHA and most participants in the rulemaking agreed that only the major, more performance oriented criteria should be made mandatory. These criteria are set out in subsection (g) of this section. In addition, this appendix includes these mandatory specifications and procedures in its guidelines in order to make this appendix coherent and helpful. The mandatory nature of the criteria which appear in the regulatory text is not changed because they are included in this "non-mandatory" appendix. Similarly, the additional criteria and procedures included as guidelines in the appendix, do not become mandatory because mandatory criteria are also included in these comprehensive guidelines. In addition, none of the criteria, both mandatory and recommended, are meant to specify or imply the need for use of patented or licensed methods or equipment. Recommended specifications included in this attachment should not discourage the use of creative alternatives which can be shown to reliably achieve the objectives of negative-pressure enclosures. Requirements included in this appendix, cover general provisions to be followed in all asbestos jobs, provisions which must be followed for all Class I asbestos jobs, and provisions governing the construction and testing of negative pressure enclosures. The first category includes the requirement for use of wet methods, HEPA vacuums, and immediate bagging of waste; Class I work must conform to the following provisions:

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California • • • •

oversight by competent person use of critical barriers over all openings to work area isolation of HVAC systems use of impermeable dropcloths and coverage of all objects within regulated areas

In addition, more specific requirements for NPEs include: • • • • •

maintenance of -0.02 inches water gauge within enclosure manometric measurements air movement away from employees performing removal work smoke testing or equivalent for detection of leaks and air direction deactivation of electrical circuits, if not provided with ground-fault circuit interrupters.

Planning the Project The standard requires that an exposure assessment be conducted before the asbestos job is begun [Subsection 1529(f)(1)]. Information needed for that assessment, includes data relating to prior similar jobs, as applied to the specific variables of the current job. The information needed to conduct the assessment will be useful in planning the project, and in complying with any reporting requirements under this standard, when significant changes are being made to a control system listed in the standard, [see also those of USEPA (40 CFR 61, subpart M). Thus, although the standard does not explicitly require the preparation of a written asbestos removal plan, the usual constituents of such a plan, i.e., a description of the enclosure, the equipment, and the procedures to be used throughout the project, must be determined before the enclosure can be erected. The following information should be included in the planning of the system: • • • • • • • • • • •

A physical description of the work area; A description of the approximate amount of material to be removed; A schedule for turning off and sealing existing ventilation systems; Personnel hygiene procedures; A description of personal protective equipment and clothing to be worn by employees; A description of the local exhaust ventilation systems to be used and how they are to be tested; A description of work practices to be observed by employees; An air monitoring plan; A description of the method to be used to transport waste material; and The location of the dump site. Materials and Equipment Necessary for Asbestos Removal

Although individual asbestos removal projects vary in terms of the equipment

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CALIFORNIA required to accomplish the removal of the materials, some equipment and materials are common to most asbestos removal operations. Plastic sheeting used to protect horizontal surfaces, seal HVAC openings or to seal vertical openings and ceilings should have a minimum thickness of 6 mils. Tape or other adhesive used to attach plastic sheeting should be of sufficient adhesive strength to support the weight of the material plus all stresses encountered during the entire duration of the project without becoming detached from the surface. Other equipment and materials which should be available at the beginning of each project are: •

• •

• •

• •

•

HEPA Filtered Vacuum is essential for cleaning the work area after the asbestos has been removed. It should have a long hose capable of reaching out-of-the-way places, such as areas above ceiling tiles, behind pipes, etc. Portable air ventilation systems installed to provide the negative air pressure and air removal from the enclosure must be equipped with a HEPA filter. The number and capacity of units required to ventilate an enclosure depend on the size of the area to be ventilated. The filters for these systems should be designed in such a manner that they can be replaced when the air flow is reduced by the build-up of dust in the filtration material. Pressure monitoring devices with alarms and strip chart recorders attached to each system to indicate the pressure differential and the loss due to dust buildup on the filter are recommended. Water sprayers should be used to keep the asbestos material as saturated as possible during removal; the sprayers will provide a fine mist that minimizes the impact of the spray on the material. Water used to saturate the asbestos containing material can be amended by adding at least 15 milliliters (1/4 ounce) of wetting agent in 1 liter (1 pint) of water. An example of a wetting agent is a 50/50 mixture of polyoxyethylene ether and polyoxyethylene polyglycol ester. Backup power supplies are recommended, especially for ventilation systems. Shower and bath water should be with mixed hot and cold water faucets. Water that has been used to clean personnel or equipment should either be filtered or be collected and discarded as asbestos waste. Soap and shampoo should be provided to aid in removing dust from the workers' skin and hair. See subsections (h) and (i) of this section for appropriate respiratory protection and protective clothing. The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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California •

See subsection (k) of this section for required signs and labels.

Preparing the Work Area Disabling the HVAC Systems: The power to the heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems that service the restricted area must be deactivated and locked off. All ducts, grills, access ports, windows and vents must be sealed off with two layers of plastic to prevent entrainment of contaminated air. Operating HVAC Systems in the Restricted Area: If components of a HVAC system located in the restricted area are connected to a system that will service another zone during the project, the portion of the duct in the restricted area must be sealed and pressurized. Necessary precautions include caulking the duct joints, covering all cracks and openings with two layers of sheeting, and pressurizing the duct throughout the duration of the project by restricting the return of air flow. The power to the fan supplying the positive pressure should be locked "on" to prevent pressure loss. Sealing Elevators: If an elevator shaft is located in the restricted area, it should be either shut down or isolated by sealing with two layers of plastic sheeting. The sheeting should provide enough slack to accommodate the pressure changes in the shaft without breaking the air-tight seal. Removing Mobile Objects: All movable objects should be cleaned and removed from the work area before an enclosure is constructed unless moving the objects creates a hazard. Mobile objects will be assumed to be contaminated and should be either cleaned with amended water and a HEPA vacuum and then removed from the area or wrapped and then disposed of as hazardous waste. Cleaning and Sealing Surfaces: After cleaning with water and a HEPA vacuum, surfaces of stationary objects should be covered with two layers of plastic sheeting. The sheeting should be secured with duct tape or an equivalent method to provide a tight seal around the object. Bagging Waste: In addition to the requirement for immediate bagging of waste for disposal, it is further recommended that the waste material be double-bagged and sealed in plastic bags designed for asbestos disposal. The bags should be stored in a waste storage area that can be controlled by the workers conducting the removal. Filters removed from handling units and rubbish removed from the area are to be bagged and handled as hazardous waste. Constructing the Enclosure The enclosure should be constructed to provide an air-tight seal around ducts and openings into existing ventilation systems and around penetrations for electrical conduits, telephone wires, water lines, drain pipes, etc. Enclosures should be both airtight and watertight except for those openings designed to provide entry and/or

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CALIFORNIA air flow control. Size: An enclosure should be the minimum volume to encompass all of the working surfaces yet allow unencumbered movement by the worker(s), provide unrestricted air flow past the worker(s), and ensure walking surfaces can be kept free of tripping hazards. Shape: The enclosure may be any shape that optimizes the flow of ventilation air past the worker(s). Structural Integrity: The walls, ceilings and floors must be supported in such a manner that portions of the enclosure will not fall down during normal use. Openings: It is not necessary that the structure be airtight; openings may be designed to direct air flow. Such openings should be located at a distance from active removal operations. They should be designed to draw air into the enclosure under all anticipated circumstances. In the event that negative pressure is lost, they should be fitted with either HEPA filters to trap dust or automatic trap doors that prevent dust from escaping the enclosure. Openings for exits should be controlled by an airlock or a vestibule. Barrier Supports: Frames should be constructed to support all unsupported spans of sheeting. Sheeting: Walls, barriers, ceilings and floors should be lined with two layers of plastic sheeting having a thickness of at least 6 mil. Seams: Seams in the sheeting material should be minimized to reduce the possibilities of accidental rips and tears in the adhesive or connections. All seams in the sheeting should overlap, be staggered and not be located at corners or wall-to-floor joints. Areas Within an Enclosure: Each enclosure consists of a work area, a decontamination area, and waste storage area. The work area where the asbestos removal operations occur should be separated from both the waste storage area and the contamination control area by physical curtains, doors, and/or airflow patterns that force any airborne contamination back into the work area. See subsection (j) of this section for requirements for hygiene facilities. During egress from the work area, each worker should step into the equipment room, clean tools and equipment, and remove gross contamination from clothing by wet cleaning and HEPA vacuuming. Before entering the shower area, foot coverings, head coverings, hand coverings and coveralls are removed and placed in impervious bags for disposal or cleaning. Airline connections from airline The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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California respirators with HEPA disconnects and power cables from powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs) will be disconnected just prior to entering the showering room. Establishing Negative Pressure Within the Enclosure Negative Pressure: Air is to be drawn into the enclosure under all anticipated conditions and exhausted through a HEPA filter for 24 hours a day during the entire duration of the project. Air Flow Tests: Air flow patterns will be checked before removal operations begin, at least once per operating enclosure. The primary test for air flow is to trace air currents with smoke tubes or other visual methods. Flow checks are made at each opening and at each doorway to demonstrate that air is being drawn into the enclosure and to each worker's position to show that air is being drawn away from the breathing zone. Monitoring Pressure Within the Enclosure: After the initial air flow patterns have been checked, the static pressure must be monitored within the enclosure. Monitoring may be made using manometers, pressure gauges, or combinations of these devices. It is recommended that they be attached to alarms and strip chart recorders at points identified by the design engineer. Corrective Actions: If the manometers or pressure gauges demonstrate a reduction in pressure differential below the required level, work should cease and the reason for the change investigated and appropriate changes made. The air flow patterns should be retested before work begins again. Pressure Differential: The design parameters for static pressure differentials between the inside and outside of enclosures typically range from 0.02 to 0.10 inches of water gauge, depending on conditions. All zones inside the enclosure must have less pressure than the ambient pressure outside of the enclosure (-0.02 inches water gauge differential). Design specifications for the differential vary according to the size, configuration, and shape of the enclosure as well as ambient and mechanical air pressure conditions around the enclosure. Air Flow Patterns: The flow of air past each worker shall be enhanced by positioning the intakes and exhaust ports to remove contaminated air from the worker's breathing zone, by positioning HEPA vacuum cleaners to draw air from the worker's breathing zone, by forcing relatively uncontaminated air past the worker toward an exhaust port, or by using a combination of methods to reduce the worker's exposure. Air Handling Unit Exhaust: The exhaust plume from air handling units should be located away from adjacent personnel and intakes for HVAC systems. Air Flow Volume: The air flow volume (cubic meters per minute) exhausted

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CALIFORNIA (removed) from the workplace must exceed the amount of makeup air supplied to the enclosure. The rate of air exhausted from the enclosure should be designed to maintain a negative pressure in the enclosure and air movement past each worker. The volume of air flow removed from the enclosure should replace the volume of the container at every 5 to 15 minutes. Air flow volume will need to be relatively high for large enclosures, enclosures with awkward shapes, enclosures with multiple openings, and operations employing several workers in the enclosure. Air Flow Velocity: At each opening, the air flow velocity must visibly "drag" air into the enclosure. The velocity of the air flow within the enclosure must be adequate to remove airborne contamination from each worker's breathing zone without disturbing the asbestos-containing material on surfaces. Airlocks: Airlocks are mechanisms on doors and curtains that control the air flow patterns in the doorways. If air flow occurs, the patterns through doorways must be such that the air flows toward the inside of the enclosure. Sometimes vestibules, double doors, or double curtains are used to prevent air movement through the doorways. To use a vestibule, a worker enters a chamber by opening the door or curtain and then closing the entry before opening the exit door or curtain. Airlocks should be located between the equipment room and shower room, between the shower room and the clean room, and between the waste storage area and the outside of the enclosure. The air flow between the adjacent rooms must be checked using smoke tubes or other visual tests to ensure the flow patterns draw air toward the work area without producing eddies. Monitoring for Airborne Concentrations In addition to the breathing zone samples taken as outlined in subsection (f) of this section, samples of air should be taken to demonstrate the integrity of the enclosure, the cleanliness of the clean room and shower area, and the effectiveness of the HEPA filter. If the clean room is shown to be contaminated, the room must be relocated to an uncontaminated area. Samples taken near the exhaust of portable ventilation systems must be done with care. General Work Practices Preventing dust dispersion is the primary means of controlling the spread of asbestos within the enclosure. Whenever practical, the point of removal should be isolated, enclosed, covered, or shielded from the workers in the area. Waste asbestos containing materials must be bagged during or immediately after removal; the material must remain saturated until the waste container is sealed. Waste material with sharp points or corners must be placed in hard airtight containers rather than bags. Whenever possible, large components should be sealed in plastic sheeting and removed intact. The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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California Bags or containers of waste will be removed to the waste holding area, washed, and wrapped in a bag with the appropriate labels. Cleaning the Work Area Surfaces within the work area should be kept free of visible dust and debris to the extent feasible. Whenever visible dust appears on surfaces, the surfaces within the enclosure must be cleaned by wiping with a wet sponge, brush, or cloth and then vacuumed with a HEPA vacuum. All surfaces within the enclosure should be cleaned before the exhaust ventilation system is deactivated and the enclosure is disassembled. An approved encapsulant may be sprayed onto areas after the visible dust has been removed. NOTE:

Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

HISTORY 1. New Appendix F to section 1529 filed 2-15-91; operative 2-15-91 pursuant to Government Code section 11346.2(d) (Register 91, No. 19). 2. Editorial correction of HISTORY 1. (Register 91, No. 45). 3. Repealer and new appendix and Note filed 5-3-96; operative 7-3-96 (Register 96, No. 18).

California Code of Regulations Title 8, Section 1529. Asbestos Appendix G Subchapter 4. Construction Safety Orders Article 4. Dusts, Fumes, Mists, Vapors, and Gases º1529. Asbestos, Appendix G (Repealed) NOTE:

Authority cited: Sections 142.3, 6501.5, 9020, 9021.5, 9030, and 9040, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3, 6501.5, 6501.7, 6501.8, 6501.9, 6502, 9003, 9004(b), 9005, 9006, 9009, 9020, 9021.5, 9030, and 9040, Labor Code, and Section 25910, Health and Safety Code.

HISTORY 1. New Appendix G to section 1529 filed 2-15-91; operative 2-15-91 pursuant to Government Code section 11346.2(d) (Register 91, No. 19). 2. Editorial correction of HISTORY 1. (Register 91, No. 45). 3. Editorial correction of Figure G-1 (Register 95, No. 36). 4. Repealer of appendix filed 5-3-96; operative 7-3-96 (Register 96, No. 18).

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California Code of Regulations Title 8, Section 1529. Asbestos Appendix H Subchapter 4. Construction Safety Orders Article 4. Dusts, Fumes, Mists, Vapors, and Gases Substance Technical Information for Asbestos Non-Mandatory I. I.A.

Substance Identification Substance: “Asbestos” is the name of a class of magnesium-silicate minerals that occur in fibrous form. Minerals that are included in this group are chrysotile, crocidolite, amosite, anthophyllite asbestos, tremolite asbestos, and actinolite asbestos.

I.B.

Asbestos is used in the manufacture of heat-resistant clothing, automotive brake and clutch linings, and a variety of building materials including floor tiles, roofing felts, ceiling tiles, asbestos-cement pipe and sheet, and fire-resistant drywall. Asbestos is also present in pipe and boiler insulation materials, and in sprayed-on materials located on beams, in crawlspaces, and between walls.

I.C.

The potential for an asbestos-containing product to release breathable fibers depends on its degree of friability. Friable means that the material can be crumbled with hand pressure and is therefore likely to emit fibers. The fibrous fluffy sprayed-on materials used for fireproofing, insulation, or sound proofing are considered to be friable, and they readily release airborne fibers if disturbed. Materials such as vinyl-asbestos floor tile or roofing felt are considered non-friable if intact and generally do not emit airborne fibers unless subjected to sanding, sawing and other aggressive operations. Asbestos-cement pipe or sheet can emit airborne fibers if the materials are cut or sawed, or if they are broken.

I.D.

Permissible exposure: Exposure to airborne asbestos fibers may not exceed 0.1 fibers per cubic centimeter of air (0.1 f/cc) averaged over the 8-hour workday, and 1 fiber per cubic centimeter of air (1.0 f/cc) averaged over a 30 minute work period.

II. Health Hazard Data II.A. Asbestos can cause disabling respiratory disease and various types of cancers if the fibers are inhaled. Inhaling or ingesting fibers from contaminated clothing or skin can also result in these diseases. The symptoms of these The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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II.B.

III. III.A.

III.B.

IV. IV.A. IV.A.1. IV.A.2. IV.A.3. IV.A.4. IV.A.5. IV.A.6. IV.B. IV.C. IV.D.

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diseases generally do not appear for 20 or more years after initial exposure. Exposure to asbestos has been shown to cause lung cancer, mesothelioma, and cancer of the stomach and colon. Mesothelioma is a rare cancer of the thin membrane lining of the chest and abdomen. Symptoms of mesothelioma include shortness of breath, pain in the walls of the chest, and/or abdominal pain. Respirators and Protective Clothing Respirators: You are required to wear a respirator when performing tasks that result in asbestos exposure that exceeds the permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 0.1 f/cc and when performing certain designated operations. Air- purifying respirators equipped with a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter can be used where airborne asbestos fiber concentrations do not exceed 1.0 f/cc; otherwise, more protective respirators such as air-supplied, positive- pressure, full facepiece respirators must be used. Disposable respirators or dust masks are not permitted to be used for asbestos work. For effective protection, respirators must fit your face and head snugly. Your employer is required to conduct fit tests when you are first assigned a respirator and annually thereafter. Respirators should not be loosened or removed in work situations where their use is required. Protective Clothing: You are required to wear protective clothing in work areas where asbestos concentrations exceed the permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 0.1 f/cc. Disposal Procedures and Clean-up Wastes that are generated by processes where asbestos is present include: Empty asbestos shipping containers. Process wastes such as cuttings, trimmings, or reject material. Housekeeping waste from wet-sweeping or HEPA-vacuuming. Asbestos fireproofing or insulating material that is removed from buildings. Asbestos-containing building products removed during building renovation or demolition. Contaminated disposable protective clothing. Empty shipping bags can be flattened under exhaust hoods and packed into airtight containers for disposal. Empty shipping drums are difficult to clean and should be sealed. Vacuum bags or disposable paper filters should not be cleaned, but should be sprayed with a fine water mist and placed into a labeled waste container. Process waste and housekeeping waste should be wetted with water or a mixture of water and surfactant prior to packaging in disposable The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

CALIFORNIA containers. IV.E. Asbestos-containing material that is removed from buildings must be disposed of in leak-tight 6-mil plastic bags, plastic-lined cardboard containers, or plastic-lined metal containers. These wastes, which are removed while wet, should be sealed in containers before they dry out to minimize the release of asbestos fibers during handling. V. Access to Information V.A. Each year, your employer is required to inform you of the information contained in this standard and appendices for asbestos. In addition, your employer must instruct you in the proper work practices for handling asbestos-containing materials, and the correct use of protective equipment. V.B. Your employer is required to determine whether you are being exposed to asbestos. Your employer must treat exposure to thermal system insulation and sprayed-on and troweled-on surfacing material as asbestos exposure, unless results of laboratory analysis show that the material does not contain asbestos. You or your representative has the right to observe employee measurements and to record the results obtained. Your employer is required to inform you of your exposure, and, if you are exposed above the permissible exposure limit, he or she is required to inform you of the actions that are being taken to reduce your exposure to within the permissible limit. V.C. Your employer is required to keep records of your exposures and medical examinations. These exposure records must be kept for at least thirty (30) years, Medical records must be kept for the period of your employment plus thirty (30) years. V.D. Your employer is required to release your exposure and medical records to your physician or designated representative upon your written request. NOTE:

Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

HISTORY 1. New Appendix H to section 1529 filed 2-15-91; operative 2-15-91 pursuant to Government Code section 11346.2(d) (Register 91, No. 19). 2. Editorial correction of HISTORY 1. (Register 91, No. 45). 3. Amendment of appendix and Note filed 5-3-96; operative 7-3-96 (Register 96, No. 18). 4. Change without regulatory effect amending section III.A. of appendix H filed 12-23-99 pursuant to section 100, title 1, California Code of Regulations (Register 99, No. 52).

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California Code of Regulations Title 8, Section 1529. Asbestos Appendix I Subchapter 4. Construction Safety Orders Article 4. Dusts, Fumes, Mists, Vapors, and Gases Medical Surveillance Guidelines for Asbestos Non-Mandatory I.

Route of Entry: Inhalation, Ingestion

II.

Toxicology Clinical evidence of the adverse effects associated with exposure to asbestos is present in the form of several well-conducted epidemiological studies of occupationally exposed workers, family contacts of workers, and persons living near asbestos mines. These studies have shown a definite association between exposure to asbestos and an increased incidence of lung cancer, pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma, gastrointestinal cancer, and asbestosis. The latter is a disabling fibrotic lung disease that is caused only by exposure to asbestos. Exposure to asbestos has also been associated with an increased incidence of esophageal, kidney, laryngeal, pharyngeal, and buccal cavity cancers. As with other known chronic occupational diseases, disease associated with asbestos generally appears about 20 years following the first occurrence of exposure. There are no known acute effects associated with exposure to asbestos. Epidemiological studies indicate that the risk of lung cancer among exposed workers who smoke cigarettes is greatly increased over the risk of lung cancer among non-exposed smokers or exposed nonsmokers. These studies suggest that cessation of smoking will reduce the risk of lung cancer for a person exposed to asbestos but will not reduce it to the same level of risk as that existing for an exposed worker who has never smoked.

III.

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Signs and Symptoms of Exposure-Related Disease The signs and symptoms of lung cancer or gastrointestinal cancer induced by exposure to asbestos are not unique, except that a chest X-ray of an exposed patient with lung cancer may show pleural plaques, pleural calcification, or pleural fibrosis. Symptoms characteristic of mesothelioma include shortness of breath, pain in the walls of the chest, or abdominal pain. Mesothelioma has a much longer latency period compared with lung cancer (40 years versus 15-20 years), and mesothelioma is therefore likely to be found among workers who were first exposed to asbestos at an early age. Mesothelioma is always The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

CALIFORNIA fatal. Asbestosis is pulmonary fibrosis caused by the accumulation of asbestos fibers in the lungs. Symptoms include shortness of breath, coughing, fatigue, and vague feelings of sickness. When the fibrosis worsens, shortness of breath occurs even at rest. The diagnosis of asbestosis is based on a history of exposure to asbestos, the presence of characteristic radiologic changes, end inspiratory crackles (rales), and other clinical features of fibrosing lung disease. Pleural plaques and thickening are observed on X-rays taken during the early stages of the disease. Asbestosis is often a progressive disease even in the absence of continued exposure, although this appears to be a highly individualized characteristic. In severe cases, death may be caused by respiratory or cardiac failure. IV.

Surveillance and Preventive Considerations As noted above, exposure to asbestos has been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer, mesothelioma, gastrointestinal cancer, and asbestosis among occupationally exposed workers. Adequate screening tests to determine an employee's potential for developing serious chronic diseases, such as cancer, from exposure to asbestos do not presently exist. However, some tests, particularly chest X-rays and pulmonary function tests, may indicate that an employee has been overexposed to asbestos, thus increasing his or her risk of developing exposure-related chronic disease. It is important for the physician to become familiar with the operating conditions in which occupational exposure to asbestos is likely to occur. This is particularly important in evaluating medical and work histories and in conducting physical examinations. When an active employee has been identified as having been overexposed to asbestos, measures taken by the employer to eliminate or mitigate further exposure should also lower the risk of serious long-term consequences. The employer is required to institute a medical surveillance program for all employees who are or will be exposed to asbestos at or above the permissible exposure limit (0.1 fiber per cubic centimeter of air). All examinations and procedures must be performed by or under the supervision of a licensed physician, at a reasonable time and place, and at no cost to the employee. Although broad latitude is given to the physician in prescribing specific tests to be included in the medical surveillance program, the following elements in the routine examination are required: (i) Medical and work histories with special emphasis directed to symptoms of the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, and digestive tract. (ii) Completion of one of the respiratory disease questionnaires contained in Appendix D: Part 1 for the initial examination and part 2 for The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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(iii)

(iv)

periodic examinations. A physical examination including a chest X-ray (at the discretion of the examining physician for construction work) and pulmonary function testing that includes measurement of the employee's forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1). Any laboratory or other test that the examining physician deems by sound medical practice to be necessary or appropriate.

The employer is required to make the prescribed tests available at least annually to those employees covered; more often than specified if recommended by the examining physician; and upon termination of employment. The employer is required to provide the physician with the following information: a copy of this standard and appendices; a description of the employee's work assignments as they relate to asbestos exposure; the employee's representative level of exposure to asbestos; a description of any personal protective and respiratory equipment used; and information from previous medical examinations of the affected employee that is not otherwise available to the physician. Making this information available to the physician will aid in the evaluation of the employee's health in relation to assigned duties and fitness to wear personal protective equipment, if required. The employer is required to obtain a written opinion from the examining physician containing the results of the medical examination; the physician's opinion as to whether the employee has any detected medical conditions that would place the employee at an increased risk of exposure-related disease; any recommended limitations on the employee or on the use of personal protective equipment; and a statement that the employee has been informed by the physician of the results of the medical examination and of any medical conditions related to asbestos exposure that require further explanation or treatment. This written opinion must not reveal specific findings or diagnoses unrelated to exposure to asbestos, and a copy of the opinion must be provided to the affected employee. NOTE:

Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

HISTORY 1. New Appendix I to section 1529 filed 2-15-91; operative 2-15-91 pursuant to Government Code section 11346.2(d) (Register 91, No. 19). 2. Editorial correction of HISTORY 1. (Register 91, No. 45). 3. Amendment of appendix and Note filed 5-3-96; operative 7-3-96 (Register 96, No. 18).

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California Code of Regulations Title 8, Section 1529. Asbestos Appendix J Subchapter 4. Construction Safety Orders Article 4. Dusts, Fumes, Mists, Vapors, and Gases Smoking Cessation Program Information for Asbestos Non-Mandatory The following organizations provide smoking cessation information. 1.

The National Cancer Institute operates a toll free Cancer Information Service (CIS) with trained personnel to help you. Call 1-800-4-CANCER to reach the CIS office serving your area, or write: Office of Cancer Communications, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 31 Room 10A24, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.

2.

American Cancer Society, 3340 Peachtree Road, N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30026, (404) 320-3333. The American Cancer Society (ACS) is a voluntary organization composed of 58 divisions and 3,100 local units. Through "The Great American Smokeout" in November, the annual Cancer Crusade in April, and numerous educational materials, ACS helps people learn about the health hazards of smoking and become successful ex-smokers.

3.

American Heart Association, 7320 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75231, (214) 750-5300. The American Heart Association (AHA) is a voluntary organization with 130,000 members (physicians, scientists, and lay persons) in 55 state and regional groups. AHA produces a variety of publications and audiovisual materials about the effects of smoking on the heart. AHA also has developed a guidebook for incorporating a weight-control component into smoking cessation programs.

4.

American Lung Association, 1740 Broadway, New York, New York 10019, (212) 245-8000. A voluntary organization of 7,500 members (physicians, nurses, and lay persons), the American Lung Association (ALA) conducts numerous public information programs about the health effects of smoking. ALA has 59 state and 85 local units. The organization actively supports legislation and information campaigns for non-smokers' rights and provides help for smokers who want to quit, for example, through "Freedom From Smoking," a self-help smoking cessation program.

5.

Office on Smoking and Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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California Services, 5600 Fishers Lane, Park Building, Room 110, Rockville, Maryland 20857. The Office on Smoking and Health (OSH) is the Department of Health and Human Services' lead agency in smoking control. OSH has sponsored distribution of publications on smoking-related topics, such as free flyers on relapse after initial quitting, helping a friend or family member quit smoking, the health hazards of smoking, and the effects of parental smoking on teenagers. In Hawaii, on Oahu call 524-1234 (call collect from neighboring islands), Spanish-speaking staff members are available during daytime hours to callers from the following areas: California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, New Jersey (area code 201), New York, and Texas. Consult your local telephone directory for listings of local chapters.

NOTE:

Authority cited: Section 142.3. Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

HISTORY 1. New Appendix J to section 1529 filed 5-3-96; operative 7-3-96 (Register 96, No. 18).

California Code of Regulations Title 8, Section 1529. Asbestos Appendix K Subchapter 4. Construction Safety Orders Article 4. Dusts, Fumes, Mists, Vapors, and Gases Polarized Light Microscopy of Asbestos Non-Mandatory Method number:

ID-191

Matrix:

Bulk

Collection Procedure: Collect approximately 1 to 2 grams of each type of material and place into separate 20 mL scintillation vials. Analytical Procedure: A portion of each separate phase is analyzed by gross examination, phase-polar examination, and central stop dispersion microscopy. Commercial manufacturers and products mentioned in this method are for descriptive use only and do not constitute endorsements by USDOL-OSHA. Similar products from other sources may be substituted.

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CALIFORNIA 1. Introduction This method describes the collection and analysis of asbestos bulk materials by light microscopy techniques including phase-polar illumination and central-stop dispersion microscopy. Some terms unique to asbestos analysis are defined below: Amphibole: A family of minerals whose crystals are formed by long, thin units which have two thin ribbons of double chain silicate with a brucite ribbon in between. The shape of each unit is similar to an "I beam". Minerals important in asbestos analysis include cummingtonite-grunerite, crocidolite, tremolite-actinolite and anthophyllite. Asbestos: A term for naturally occurring fibrous minerals. Asbestos includes chrysotile, cummingtonite-grunerite asbestos (amosite), anthophyllite asbestos, tremolite asbestos, crocidolite, actinolite asbestos and any of these minerals which have been chemically treated or altered. The precise chemical formulation of each species varies with the location from which it was mined. Nominal compositions are listed: Chrysotile Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 Crocidolite (Riebeckite asbestos) Na2Fe3 2Fe2 3Si8O22(OH)2 Cummingtonite-Grunerite asbestos (Amosite) (Mg,Fe)7Si8O22(OH)2 Tremolite-Actinolite asbestos Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2 Anthophyllite asbestos (Mg,Fe)7Si8O22(OH)2 Asbestos Fiber: A fiber of asbestos meeting the criteria for a fiber. (See section 3.5. of this Appendix) Aspect Ratio: The ratio of the length of a fiber to its diameter usually defined as "length : width", e.g. 3:1. Brucite: A sheet mineral with the composition Mg(OH)(2). Central Stop Dispersion Staining (microscope): This is a dark field microscope technique that images particles using only light refracted by the particle, excluding light that travels through the particle unrefracted. This is usually accomplished with a McCrone objective or other arrangement which places a circular stop with apparent aperture equal to the objective aperture in the back focal plane of the microscope. Cleavage Fragments: Mineral particles formed by the combination of minerals, especially those characterized by relatively parallel sides and moderate aspect ratio. Differential Counting: The term applied to the practice of excluding

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California certain kinds of fibers from a phase contrast asbestos count because they are not asbestos. Fiber: A particle longer than or equal to 5 :m with a length to width ratio greater than or equal to 3:1. This may include cleavage fragments. (see section 3.5 of this appendix). Phase Contrast: Contrast obtained in the microscope by causing light scattered by small particles to destructively interfere with unscattered light, thereby enhancing the visibility of very small particles and particles with very low intrinsic contrast. Phase Contrast Microscope: A microscope configured with a phase mask pair to create phase contrast. The technique which uses this is called Phase Contrast Microscopy (PCM). Phase-Polar Analysis: This is the use of polarized light in a phase contrast microscope. It is used to see the same size fibers that are visible in air filter analysis. Although fibers finer than 1 Im are visible, analysis of these is inferred from analysis of larger bundles that are usually present. Phase-Polar Microscope: The phase-polar microscope is a phase contrast microscope which has an analyzer, a polarizer, a first order red plate and a rotating phase condenser all in place so that the polarized light image is enhanced by phase contrast. Sealing Encapsulant: This is a product which can be applied, preferably by spraying, onto an asbestos surface which will seal the surface so that fibers cannot be released. Serpentine: A mineral family consisting of minerals with the general composition Mg(3)(Si(2)O(5)(OH)(4) having the magnesium in brucite layer over a silicate layer. Minerals important in asbestos analysis included in this family are chrysotile, lizardite, antigorite. 1.1.

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History Light microscopy has been used for well over 100 years for the determination of mineral species. This analysis is carried out using specialized polarizing microscopes as well as bright field microscopes. The identification of minerals is an on-going process with many new minerals described each year. The first recorded use of asbestos was in Finland about 2500 B.C. where the material was used in the mud wattle for the wooden huts the people lived in as well as strengthening for pottery. Adverse health aspects of the mineral were noted nearly 2000 years ago

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CALIFORNIA when Pliny the Younger wrote about the poor health of slaves in the asbestos mines. Although known to be injurious for centuries, the first modern references to its toxicity were by the British Labor Inspectorate when it banned asbestos dust from the workplace in 1898. Asbestosis cases were described in the literature after the turn of the century. Cancer was first suspected in the mid 1930's and a causal link to mesothelioma was made in 1965. Because of the public concern for worker and public safety with the use of this material, several different types of analysis were applied to the determination of asbestos content. Light microscopy requires a great deal of experience and craft. Attempts were made to apply less subjective methods to the analysis. X-ray diffraction was partially successful in determining the mineral types but was unable to separate out the fibrous portions from the non-fibrous portions. Also, the minimum detection limit for asbestos analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) is about 1%. Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) was no more successful. These provide useful corroborating information when the presence of asbestos has been shown by microscopy; however, neither can determine the difference between fibrous and non-fibrous minerals when both habits are present. The same is true of Infrared Absorption (IR). When electron microscopy was applied to asbestos analysis, hundreds of fibers were discovered present too small to be visible in any light microscope. There are two different types of electron microscope used for asbestos analysis: Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Scanning Electron Microscopy is useful in identifying minerals. The SEM can provide two of the three pieces of information required to identify fibers by electron microscopy: morphology and chemistry. The third is structure as determined by Selected Area Electron Diffraction -- SAED which is performed in the TEM. Although the resolution of the SEM is sufficient for very fine fibers to be seen, accuracy of chemical analysis that can be performed on the fibers varies with fiber diameter in fibers of less than 0.2 :m diameter. The TEM is a powerful tool to identify fibers too small to be resolved by light microscopy and should be used in conjunction with this method when necessary. The TEM can provide all three pieces of information required for fiber identification. Most fibers thicker than 1 :m can adequately be defined in the light microscope. The light microscope remains as the best instrument for the determination of mineral type. This is because the minerals under investigation were first described analytically with the light microscope. It is inexpensive and gives positive identification for most samples analyzed. Further, when optical techniques are inadequate, there is ample indication that alternative techniques should be used for complete identification of the sample.

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1.3.

Principle Minerals consist of atoms that may be arranged in random order or in a regular arrangement. Amorphous materials have atoms in random order while crystalline materials have long range order. Many materials are transparent to light, at least for small particles or for thin sections. The properties of these materials can be investigated by the effect that the material has on light passing through it. The six asbestos minerals are all crystalline with particular properties that have been identified and cataloged. These six minerals are anisotropic. They have a regular array of atoms, but the arrangement is not the same in all directions. Each major direction of the crystal presents a different regularity. Light photons traveling in each of these main directions will encounter different electrical neighborhoods, affecting the path and time of travel. The techniques outlined in this method use the fact that light traveling through fibers or crystals in different directions will behave differently, but predictably. The behavior of the light as it travels through a crystal can be measured and compared with known or determined values to identify the mineral species. Usually, Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM is performed with strain-free objectives on a bright-field microscope platform. This would limit the resolution of the microscope to about 0.4 :m. Because OSHA requires the counting and identification of fibers visible in phase contrast, the phase contrast platform is used to visualize the fibers with the polarizing elements added into the light path. Polarized light methods cannot identify fibers finer than about 1 :m in diameter even though they are visible. The finest fibers are usually identified by inference from the presence of larger, identifiable fiber bundles. When fibers are present, but not identifiable by light microscopy, use either SEM or TEM to determine the fiber identity. Advantages and Disadvantages The advantages of light microcopy are: (a) Basic identification of the materials was first performed by light microscopy and gross analysis. This provides a large base of published information against which to check analysis and analytical technique. (b) The analysis is specific to fibers. The minerals present can exist in asbestiform, fibrous, prismatic, or massive varieties all at the same time. Therefore, bulk methods of analysis such as X-ray diffraction, IR analysis, DTA, etc. are inappropriate where the material is not known to be fibrous. (c) The analysis is quick, requires little preparation time, and can be performed on-site if a suitably equipped microscope is available. The disadvantages are: (a) Even using phase-polar illumination, not all the fibers present may be seen. This is a problem for very low asbestos concentrations where agglomerations or large bundles of fibers may not be present to allow

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CALIFORNIA identification by inference. (b) The method requires a great degree of sophistication on the part of the microscopist. An analyst is only as useful as his mental catalog of images. Therefore, a microscopist's accuracy is enhanced by experience. The mineralogical training of the analyst is very important. It is the basis on which subjective decisions are made. (c) The method uses only a tiny amount of material for analysis. This may lead to sampling bias and false results (high or low). This is especially true if the sample is severely inhomogeneous. (d) Fibers may be bound in a matrix and not distinguishable as fibers so identification cannot be made. 1.4. Method Performance 1.4.1. This method can be used for determination of asbestos content from 0 to 100% asbestos. The detection limit has not been adequately determined, although for selected samples, the limit is very low, depending on the number of particles examined. For mostly homogeneous, finely divided samples, with no difficult fibrous interferences, the detection limit is below 1%. For inhomogeneous samples (most samples), the detection limit remains undefined. NIST has conducted proficiency testing of laboratories on a national scale. Although each round is reported statistically with an average, control limits, etc., the results indicate a difficulty in establishing precision especially in the low concentration range. It is suspected that there is significant bias in the low range especially near 1%. EPA tried to remedy this by requiring a mandatory point counting scheme for samples less than 10%. The point counting procedure is tedious, and may introduce significant biases of its own. It has not been incorporated into this method. 1.4.2. The precision and accuracy of the quantitation tests performed in this method are unknown. Concentrations are easier to determine in commercial products where asbestos was deliberately added because the amount is usually more than a few percent. An analyst's results can be "calibrated" against the known amounts added by the manufacturer. For geological samples, the degree of homogeneity affects the precision. 1.4.3. The performance of the method is analyst dependent. The analyst must choose carefully and not necessarily randomly the portions for analysis to assure that detection of asbestos occurs when it is present. For this reason, the analyst must have adequate training in sample preparation, and experience in the location and identification of asbestos in samples. This is usually accomplished through substantial on-the-job training as well as formal education in mineralogy and microscopy. 1.5. Interferences Any material which is long, thin, and small enough to be viewed under the microscope can be considered an interference for asbestos. There are literally hundreds of interferences in workplaces. The techniques described in this method are normally sufficient to eliminate the

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interferences. An analyst's success in eliminating the interferences depends on proper training. Asbestos minerals belong to two mineral families: the serpentines and the amphiboles. In the serpentine family, the only common fibrous mineral is chrysotile. Occasionally, the mineral antigorite occurs in a fibril habit with morphology similar to the amphiboles. The amphibole minerals consist of a score of different minerals of which only five are regulated by federal standard: amosite, crocidolite, anthophyllite asbestos, tremolite asbestos and actinolite asbestos. These are the only amphibole minerals that have been commercially exploited for their fibrous properties; however, the rest can and do occur occasionally in asbestiform habit. In addition to the related mineral interferences, other minerals common in building material may present a problem for some microscopists: gypsum, anhydrite, brucite, quartz fibers, talc fibers or ribbons, wollastonite, perlite, attapulgite, etc. Other fibrous materials commonly present in workplaces are: fiberglass, mineral wool, ceramic wool, refractory ceramic fibers, kevlar, nomex, synthetic fibers, graphite or carbon fibers, cellulose (paper or wood) fibers, metal fibers, etc. Matrix embedding material can sometimes be a negative interference. The analyst may not be able to easily extract the fibers from the matrix in order to use the method. Where possible, remove the matrix before the analysis, taking careful note of the loss of weight. Some common matrix materials are: vinyl, rubber, tar, paint, plant fiber, cement, and epoxy. A further negative interference is that the asbestos fibers themselves may be either too small to be seen in Phase contrast Microscopy (PCM) or of a very low fibrous quality, having the appearance of plant fibers. The analyst's ability to deal with these materials increases with experience. Uses and Occupational Exposure Asbestos is ubiquitous in the environment. More than 40% of the land area of the United States is composed of minerals which may contain asbestos. Fortunately, the actual formation of great amounts of asbestos is relatively rare. Nonetheless, there are locations in which environmental exposure can be severe such as in the Serpentine Hills of California. There are thousands of uses for asbestos in industry and the home. Asbestos abatement workers are the most current segment of the population to have occupational exposure to great amounts of asbestos. If the material is undisturbed, there is no exposure. Exposure occurs when the asbestos-containing material is abraded or otherwise disturbed during maintenance operations or some other activity. Approximately 95% of the asbestos in place in the United States is chrysotile. Amosite and crocidolite make up nearly all the difference. Tremolite and anthophyllite make up a very small percentage. Tremolite is found in extremely small amounts in certain chrysotile deposits. Actinolite exposure is probably greatest from environmental sources, but has been identified in vermiculite containing, sprayed-on insulating materials which may have

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CALIFORNIA

1.7.

1.8.

2. 2.1. 2.1.(a) 2.1.(b) 2.1.(c) 2.1.(d) 2.2.

2.2.(a) 2.2.(b) 2.2.(c) 2.2.(d) 2.3.

been certified as asbestos-free. Physical and Chemical Properties The nominal chemical compositions for the asbestos minerals were given in Section 1. Compared to cleavage fragments of the same minerals, asbestiform fibers possess a high tensile strength along the fiber axis. They are chemically inert, noncombustible, and heat resistant. Except for chrysotile, they are insoluble in Hydrochloric acid (HCl). Chrysotile is slightly soluble in Hcl. Asbestos has high electrical resistance and good sound absorbing characteristics. It can be woven into cables, fabrics or other textiles, or matted into papers, felts, and mats. Toxicology (This Section is for Information Only and Should Not Be Taken as OSHA Policy) Possible physiologic results of respiratory exposure to asbestos are mesothelioma of the pleura or peritoneum, interstitial fibrosis, asbestosis, pneumoconiosis, or respiratory cancer. The possible consequences of asbestos exposure are detailed in the NIOSH Criteria Document or in the OSHA Asbestos Standards 29 CFR 1910.1001, 29 CFR 1926.1101, and 29 CFR 1915.1001. Sampling Procedure Equipment for sampling Tube or cork borer sampling device Knife 20 mL scintillation vial or similar vial Sealing encapsulant Safety Precautions Asbestos is a known carcinogen. Take care when sampling. While in an asbestos-containing atmosphere, a properly selected and fit-tested respirator should be worn. Take samples in a manner to cause the least amount of dust. Follow these general guidelines: Do not make unnecessary dust. Take only a small amount (1 to 2 g). Tightly close the sample container. Use encapsulant to seal the spot where the sample was taken, if necessary. Sampling Procedure Samples of any suspect material should be taken from an inconspicuous place. Where the material is to remain, seal the sampling wound with an encapsulant to eliminate the potential for exposure from the sample site. Microscopy requires only a few milligrams of material. The amount that will fill a 20 mL scintillation vial is more than adequate. Be sure to collect samples from all layers and phases of material. If possible, make separate samples of each different phase of the material. This will aid in determining the actual hazard.

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California

2.4. 2.4.(a) 2.4.(b) 2.4.(c) 2.4.(d)

DO NOT USE ENVELOPES, PLASTIC OR PAPER BAGS OF ANY KIND TO COLLECT SAMPLES. The use of plastic bags presents a contamination hazard to laboratory personnel and to other samples. When these containers are opened, a bellows effect blows fibers out of the container onto everything, including the person opening the container. If a cork-borer type sampler is available, push the tube through the material all the way, so that all layers of material are sampled. Some samplers are intended to be disposable. These should be capped and sent to the laboratory. If a non-disposable cork borer is used, empty the contents into a scintillation vial and send to the laboratory. Vigorously and completely clean the cork borer between samples. Shipment Samples packed in glass vials must not touch or they might break in shipment. Seal the samples with a sample seal over the end to guard against tampering and to identify the sample. Package the bulk samples in separate packages from the air samples. They may cross-contaminate each other and will invalidate the results of the air samples. Include identifying paperwork with the samples, but not in contact with the suspected asbestos. To maintain sample accountability, ship the samples by certified mail, overnight express, or hand carry them to the laboratory.

3. Analysis

3.1. 3.1.(a)

3.1.(b) 3.1.(c) 3.1.(d)

98

The analysis of asbestos samples can be divided into two major parts: sample preparation and microscopy. Because of the different asbestos uses that may be encountered by the analyst, each sample may need different preparation steps. The choices are outlined below. There are several different tests that are performed to identify the asbestos species and determine the percentage. They will be explained below. Safety Do not create unnecessary dust. Handle the samples in HEPA filter equipped hoods. If samples are received in bags, envelopes or other inappropriate container, open them only in a hood having a face velocity at or greater than 100 fpm. Transfer a small amount to a scintillation vial and only handle the smaller amount. Open samples in a hood, never in the open lab area. Index of refraction oils can be toxic. Take care not to get this material on the skin. Wash immediately with soap and water if this happens. Samples that have been heated in the muffle furnace or the drying oven may be hot. Handle them with tongs until they are cool enough to handle.

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CALIFORNIA 3.1.(e) 3.2. 3.2.(a)

3.2.(b) 3.2.(c) 3.2.(d) 3.2.(e) 3.2.(f) 3.2.(g) 3.2.(h)

3.2.(i) 3.2.(j) 3.2.(k) 3.2.(l) 3.2.(m) 3.2.(n) 3.2.(o) 3.2.(p)

3.2.(q) 3.2.(r)

Some of the solvents used, such as THF (tetrahydrofuran), are toxic and should only be handled in an appropriate fume hood and according to instructions given in the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Equipment Phase contrast microscope with 10x, 16x and 40x objectives, 10x widefield eyepieces, G-22 Walton-Beckett graticule, Whipple disk, polarizer, analyzer and first order red or gypsum plate, 100 Watt illuminator, rotating position condenser with oversize phase rings, central stop dispersion objective, Kohler illumination and a rotating mechanical stage. (see Figure 1. of this appendix) Stereo microscope with reflected light illumination, transmitted light illumination, polarizer, analyzer and first order red or gypsum plate, and rotating stage. Negative pressure hood for the stereo microscope Muffle furnace capable of 600 deg.C Drying oven capable of 50 -- 150 deg.C Aluminum specimen pans Tongs for handling samples in the furnace High dispersion index of refraction oils (Special for dispersion staining.) n = 1.550 n = 1.585 n = 1.590 n = 1.605 n = 1.620 n = 1.670 n = 1.680 n = 1.690 A set of index of refraction oils from about n=1.350 to n=2.000 in n=0.005 increments. (Standard for Becke line analysis.) Glass slides with painted or frosted ends 1x3 inches 1mm thick, precleaned. Cover Slips 22x22 mm, #1 1/2 Paper clips or dissection needles Hand grinder Scalpel with both #10 and #11 blades 0.1 molar HCl Decalcifying solution (Baxter Scientific Products) Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid, Tetrasodium 0.7 g/l Sodium Potassium Tartrate 8.0 mg/liter Hydrochloric Acid 99.2 g/liter Sodium Tartrate 0.14 g/liter Tetrahydrofuran (THF) Hotplate capable of 60 deg.C

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California 3.2.(s) 3.2.(t) 3.2.(u) 3.3.

3.3.(a)

3.3.(b)

3.3.(c)

100

Balance Hacksaw blade Ruby mortar and pestle Sample Pre-Preparation Sample preparation begins with prepreparation which may include chemical reduction of the matrix, heating the sample to dryness or heating in the muffle furnace. The end result is a sample which has been reduced to a powder that is sufficiently fine to fit under the cover slip. Analyze different phases of samples separately, e.g., tile and the tile mastic should be analyzed separately as the mastic may contain asbestos while the tile may not. Wet Samples – Samples with a high water content will not give the proper dispersion colors and must be dried prior to sample mounting. Remove the lid of the scintillation vial, place the bottle in the drying oven and heat at 100 deg.C to dryness (usually about 2 h). Samples which are not submitted to the lab in glass must be removed and placed in glass vials or aluminum weighing pans before placing them in the drying oven. Samples With Organic Interference -- Muffle Furnace These may include samples with tar as a matrix, vinyl asbestos tile, or any other organic that can be reduced by heating. Remove the sample from the vial and weigh in a balance to determine the weight of the submitted portion. Place the sample in a muffle furnace at 500 deg.C for 1 to 2 hrs. or until all obvious organic material has been removed. Retrieve, cool and weigh again to determine the weight loss on ignition. This is necessary to determine the asbestos content of the submitted sample, because the analyst will be looking at a reduced sample. Heating above 600 deg.C will cause the sample to undergo a structural change which, given sufficient time, will convert the chrysotile to forsterite. Heating even at lower temperatures for 1 to 2 h may have a measurable effect on the optical properties of the minerals. If the analyst is unsure of what to expect, a sample of standard asbestos should be heated to the same temperature for the same length of time so that it can be examined for the proper interpretation. Samples With Organic Interference -- THF Vinyl asbestos tile is the most common material treated with this solvent, although, substances containing tar will sometimes yield to this treatment. Select a portion of the material and then grind it up if possible. Weigh the sample and place it in a test tube. Add sufficient THF to dissolve the organic matrix. This is usually about 4 to 5 mL. Remember, THF is highly flammable. Filter the remaining material through a tared silver membrane, dry and weigh to determine how much is left after the solvent extraction. Further process the sample to remove carbonate or mount directly.

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CALIFORNIA 3.3.(d)

3.4.

3.4.(1)

3.4.(2)

Samples With Carbonate Interference Carbonate material is often found on fibers and sometimes must be removed in order to perform dispersion microscopy. Weigh out a portion of the material and place it in a test tube. Add a sufficient amount of 0.1 M HCl or decalcifying solution in the tube to react all the carbonate as evidenced by gas formation; i.e., when the gas bubbles stop, add a little more solution. If no more gas forms, the reaction is complete. Filter the material out through a tared silver membrane, dry and weigh to determine the weight lost. Sample Preparation Samples must be prepared so that accurate determination can be made of the asbestos type and amount present. The following steps are carried out in the low-flow hood (a low-flow hood has less than 50 fpm flow): If the sample has large lumps, is hard, or cannot be made to lie under a cover slip, the grain size must be reduced. Place a small amount between two slides and grind the material between them or grind a small amount in a clean mortar and pestle. The choice of whether to use an alumina, ruby, or diamond mortar depends on the hardness of the material. Impact damage can alter the asbestos mineral if too much mechanical shock occurs. (Freezer mills can completely destroy the observable crystallinity of asbestos and should not be used). For some samples, a portion of material can be shaved off with a scalpel, ground off with a hand grinder or hack saw blade. The preparation tools should either be disposable or cleaned thoroughly. Use vigorous scrubbing to loosen the fibers during the washing. Rinse the implements with copious amounts of water and air-dry in a dust-free environment. If the sample is powder or has been reduced as in (1) above, it is ready to mount. Place a glass slide on a piece of optical tissue and write the identification on the painted or frosted end. Place two drops of index of refraction medium n=1.550 on the slide. (The medium n=1.550 is chosen because it is the matching index for chrysotile. Dip the end of a clean paper-clip or dissecting needle into the droplet of refraction medium on the slide to moisten it. Then dip the probe into the powder sample. Transfer what sticks on the probe to the slide. The material on the end of the probe should have a diameter of about 3 mm for a good mount. If the material is very fine, less sample may be appropriate. For non-powder samples such as fiber mats, forceps should be used to transfer a small amount of material to the slide. Stir the material in the medium on the slide, spreading it out and making the preparation as uniform as possible. Place a cover-slip on the preparation by gently lowering onto the slide and allowing it to fall "trapdoor" fashion on the preparation to push out any bubbles. Press gently on the cover slip to

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California

3.5.

3.5.(1) 3.5.(2) 3.5.(3) 3.5.(4) 3.5.(5)

102

even out the distribution of particulate on the slide. If there is insufficient mounting oil on the slide, one or two drops may be placed near the edge of the coverslip on the slide. Capillary action will draw the necessary amount of liquid into the preparation. Remove excess oil with the point of a laboratory wiper. Treat at least two different areas of each phase in this fashion. Choose representative areas of the sample. It my be useful to select particular areas or fibers for analysis. This is useful to identify asbestos in severely inhomogeneous samples. When it is determined that amphiboles may be present, repeat the above process using the appropriate high-dispersion oils until an identification is made or all six asbestos minerals have been ruled out. Note that percent determination must be done in the index medium 1.550 because amphiboles tend to disappear in their matching mediums. Analytical Procedure This method presumes some knowledge of mineralogy and optical petrography. The analysis consists of three parts: The determination of whether there is asbestos present, what type is present and the determination of how much is present. The general flow of the analysis is: Gross examination. Examination under polarized light on the stereo microscope. Examination by phase-polar illumination on the compound phase microscope. Determination of species by dispersion stain. Examination by Becke line analysis may also be used; however, this is usually more cumbersome for asbestos determination. Difficult samples may need to be analyzed by SEM or TEM, or the results from those techniques combined with light microscopy for a definitive identification. Identification of a particle as asbestos requires that it be asbestiform. Description of particles should follow the suggestion of Campbell. (Figure 1 of this appendix)

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CALIFORNIA For the purpose of regulation, the mineral must be one of the six minerals covered and must be in the asbestos growth habit. Large specimen samples of asbestos generally have the gross appearance of wood. Fibers are easily parted from it. Asbestos fibers are very long compared with their widths. The fibers have a very high tensile strength as demonstrated by bending without breaking. Asbestos fibers exist in bundles that are easily parted, show longitudinal fine structure and may be tufted at the ends showing "bundle of sticks" morphology. In the microscope some of these properties may not be observable. Amphiboles do not always show striations along their length even when they are asbestos. Neither will they always show tufting. They generally do not show a curved nature except for very long fibers. Asbestos and asbestiform minerals are usually characterized in groups by extremely high aspect ratios (greater than 100:1). While aspect ratio analysis is useful for characterizing populations of fibers, it cannot be used to identify individual fibers of intermediate to short aspect ratio. Observation of many fibers is often necessary to determine whether a sample consists of "cleavage fragments" or of asbestos fibers. Most cleavage fragments of the asbestos minerals are easily distinguishable from true asbestos fibers. This is because true cleavage fragments usually have larger diameters than 1 :m. Internal structure of particles larger than this usually shows them to have no internal fibrillar structure. In addition, cleavage fragments of the monoclinic amphiboles show inclined extinction under crossed polars with no compensator. Asbestos fibers usually show extinction at zero degrees or ambiguous extinction if any at all. Morphologically, the larger cleavage fragments are obvious by their blunt or stepped ends showing prismatic habit. Also, they tend to be circular rather than filiform. Where the particles are less than 1 :m in diameter and have an aspect ratio greater than or equal to 3:1, it is recommended that the sample be analyzed by SEM or TEM if there is any question whether the fibers are cleavage fragments or asbestiform particles. Care must be taken when analyzing by electron microscopy because the interferences are different from those in light microscopy and may structurally be very similar to asbestos. The classic interference is between anthophyllite and biopyribole or intermediate fiber. Use the same morphological clues for electron microscopy as are used for light microscopy, e.g. fibril splitting, internal longitudinal striation, fraying, curvature, etc. (1) Gross Examination: Examine the sample, preferably in the glass vial. Determine the presence of any obvious fibrous component. Estimate a percentage based on previous experience and current observation. Determine whether any pre-preparation is necessary. Determine the number of phases present. This step may be carried out or augmented by observation at 6 to 40 x under a stereo microscope.

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California (2) After performing any necessary pre-preparation, prepare slides of each phase as described above. Two preparations of the same phase in the same index medium can be made side-by-side on the same glass for convenience. Examine with the polarizing stereo microscope. Estimate the percentage of asbestos based on the amount of birefringent fiber present. (3) Examine the slides on the phase-polar microscopes at magnifications of 160 and 400x. Note the morphology of the fibers. Long, thin, very straight fibers with little curvature are indicative of fibers from the amphibole family. Curved, wavy fibers are usually indicative of chrysotile. Estimate the percentage of asbestos on the phase-polar microscope under conditions of crossed polars and a gypsum plate. Fibers smaller than 1.0 Im in thickness must be identified by inference to the presence of larger, identifiable fibers and morphology. If no larger fibers are visible, electron microscopy should be performed. At this point, only a tentative identification can be made. Full identification must be made with dispersion microscopy. Details of the tests are included in the appendices. (4) Once fibers have been determined to be present, they must be identified. Adjust the microscope for dispersion mode and observe the fibers. The microscope has a rotating stage, one polarizing element, and a system for generating dark-field dispersion microscopy (see Section 4.6. of this appendix). Align a fiber with its length parallel to the polarizer and note the color of the Becke lines. Rotate the stage to bring the fiber length perpendicular to the polarizer and note the color. Repeat this process for every fiber or fiber bundle examined. The colors must be consistent with the colors generated by standard asbestos reference materials for a positive identification. In n=1.550, amphiboles will generally show a yellow to strawyellow color indicating that the fiber indices of refraction are higher than the liquid. If long, thin fibers are noted and the colors are yellow, prepare further slides as above in the suggested matching liquids listed below: Type of asbestos Index of refraction: Chrysotile n = 1.550. Amosite n = 1.670 or 1.680. Crocidolite n = 1.690. Anthophyllite n = 1.605 and 1.620. Tremolite n = 1.605 and 1.620. Actinolite n = 1.620. Where more than one liquid is suggested, the first is preferred; however, in some cases this liquid will not give good dispersion color. Take care to avoid interferences in the other liquid; e.g., wollastonite in n=1.620 will give the same colors as tremolite. In n=1.605 wollastonite will appear yellow in all directions. Wollastonite may be determined under crossed polars as it will

104

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CALIFORNIA change from blue to yellow as it is rotated along its fiber axis by tapping on the cover slip. Asbestos minerals will not change in this way. Determination of the angle of extinction may, when present, aid in the determination of anthophyllite from tremolite. True asbestos fibers usually have 0 deg. extinction or ambiguous extinction, while cleavage fragments have more definite extinction. Continue analysis until both preparations have been examined and all present species of asbestos are identified. If there are no fibers present, or there is less than 0.1% present, end the analysis with the minimum number of slides (2). (5) Some fibers have a coating on them which makes dispersion microscopy very difficult or impossible. Becke line analysis or electron microscopy may be performed in those cases. Determine the percentage by light microscopy. TEM analysis tends to overestimate the actual percentage present. (6) Percentage determination is an estimate of occluded area, tempered by gross observation. Gross observation information is used to make sure that the high magnification microscopy does not greatly over-or under-estimate the amount of fiber present. This part of the analysis requires a great deal of experience. Satisfactory models for asbestos content analysis have not yet been developed, although some models based on metallurgical grain-size determination have found some utility. Estimation is more easily handled in situations where the grain sizes visible at about 160x are about the same and the sample is relatively homogeneous. View all of the area under the cover slip to make the percentage determination. View the fields while moving the stage, paying attention to the clumps of material. These are not usually the best areas to perform dispersion microscopy because of the interference from other materials. But, they are the areas most likely to represent the accurate percentage in the sample. Small amounts of asbestos require slower scanning and more frequent analysis of individual fields. Report the area occluded by asbestos as the concentration. This estimate does not generally take into consideration the difference in density of the different species present in the sample. For most samples this is adequate. Simulation studies with similar materials must be carried out to apply microvisual estimation for that purpose and is beyond the scope of this procedure. (7) Where successive concentrations have been made by chemical or physical means, the amount reported is the percentage of the material in the "as submitted" or original state. The percentage determined by microscopy is multiplied by the fractions remaining after pre-preparation steps to give the percentage in the original sample. For example: Step 1. 60% remains after heating at 550 deg.C for 1 h. Step 2. 30% of the residue of step 1 remains after dissolution of carbonate in 0.1 m HCl. Step 3. Microvisual estimation determines that 5% of the sample is

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California chrysotile asbestos. The reported result is: R = (Microvisual result in percent) x (Fraction remaining after step 2) x (Fraction remaining of original sample after step 1) R = (5) x (.30) x (.60) = 0.9%

4. 1.

106

(8) Report the percent and type of asbestos present. For samples where asbestos was identified, but is less than 1.0%, report "Asbestos present, less than 1.0%." There must have been at least two observed fibers or fiber bundles in the two preparations to be reported as present. For samples where asbestos was not seen, report as "None Detected." Auxiliary Information Because of the subjective nature of asbestos analysis, certain concepts and procedures need to be discussed in more depth. This information will help the analyst understand why some of the procedures are carried out the way they are. Light Light is electromagnetic energy. It travels from its source in packets called quanta. It is instructive to consider light as a plane wave. The light has a direction of travel. Perpendicular to this and mutually perpendicular to each other, are two vector components. One is the magnetic vector and the other is the electric vector. We shall only be concerned with the electric vector. In this description, the interaction of the vector and the mineral will describe all the observable phenomena. From a light source such a microscope illuminator, light travels in all different direction from the filament. In any given direction away from the filament, the electric vector is perpendicular to the direction of travel of a light ray. While perpendicular, its orientation is random about the travel axis. If the electric vectors from all the light rays were lined up by passing the light through a filter that would only let light rays with electric vectors oriented in one direction pass, the light would then be POLARIZED. Polarized light interacts with matter in the direction of the electric vector. This is the polarization direction. Using this property it is possible to use polarized light to probe different materials and identify them by how they interact with light. The speed of light in a vacuum is a constant at about 2.99 x 10(8) m/s. When light travels in different materials such as air, water, minerals or oil, it does not travel at this speed. It travels slower. This slowing is a function of both the material through which the light is traveling and the wavelength or frequency of the light. In general, the more dense the material, the slower the light travels. Also, generally, the higher the frequency, the slower the light will travel. The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to that in a material is called the index of refraction (n). It is usually measured at 589 nm (the sodium D line). If white light (light containing all the visible wavelengths) travels through a material, rays of longer wavelengths will travel faster than those of shorter wavelengths, this separation is called dispersion. Dispersion

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CALIFORNIA

4.2.

4.3.

is used as an identifier of materials as described in Section 4.6. Material Properties Materials are either amorphous or crystalline. The difference between these two descriptions depends on the positions of the atoms in them. The atoms in amorphous materials are randomly arranged with no long range order. An example of an amorphous material is glass. The atoms in crystalline materials, on the other hand, are in regular arrays and have long range order. Most of the atoms can be found in highly predictable locations. Examples of crystalline material are salt, gold, and the asbestos minerals. It is beyond the scope of this method to describe the different types of crystalline materials that can be found, or the full description of the classes into which they can fall. However, some general crystallography is provided below to give a foundation to the procedures described. With the exception of anthophyllite, all the asbestos minerals belong to the monoclinic crystal type. The unit cell is the basic repeating unit of the crystal and for monoclinic crystals can be described as having three unequal sides, two 90 deg. angles and one angle not equal to 90 deg.. The orthorhombic group, of which anthophyllite is a member has three unequal sides and three 90 deg. angles. The unequal sides are a consequence of the complexity of fitting the different atoms into the unit cell. Although the atoms are in a regular array, that array is not symmetrical in all directions. There is long range order in the three major directions of the crystal. However, the order is different in each of the three directions. This has the effect that the index of refraction is different in each of the three directions. Using polarized light, we can investigate the index of refraction in each of the directions and identify the mineral or material under investigation. The indices alpha, beta, and gamma are used to identify the lowest, middle, and highest index of refraction respectively. The x direction, associated with alpha is called the fast axis. Conversely, the z direction is associated with gamma and is the slow direction. Crocidolite has alpha along the fiber length making it "length-fast". The remainder of the asbestos minerals have the gamma axis along the fiber length. They are called "length-slow". This orientation to fiber length is used to aid in the identification of asbestos. Polarized Light Technique Polarized light microscopy as described in this section uses the phase-polar microscope described in Section 3.2. A phase contrast microscope is fitted with two polarizing elements, one below and one above the sample. The polarizers have their polarization directions at right angles to each other. Depending on the tests performed, there may be a compensator between these two polarizing elements. A compensator is a piece of mineral with known properties that "compensates" for some deficiency in the optical train. Light emerging from a polarizing element has its electric vector pointing in the polarization direction of the element. The light will not be subsequently transmitted through a second element set at a right angle to the first element. Unless the light is altered as it passes from

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4.4.

4.5.

108

one element to the other, there is no transmission of light. Angle of Extinction Crystals which have different crystal regularity in two or three main directions are said to be anisotropic. They have a different index of refraction in each of the main directions. When such a crystal is inserted between the crossed polars, the field of view is no longer dark but shows the crystal in color. The color depends on the properties of the crystal. The light acts as if it travels through the crystal along the optical axes. If a crystal optical axis were lined up along one of the polarizing directions (either the polarizer or the analyzer) the light would appear to travel only in that direction, and it would blink out or go dark. The difference in degrees between the fiber direction and the angle at which it blinks out is called the angle of extinction. When this angle can be measured, it is useful in identifying the mineral. The procedure for measuring the angle of extinction is to first identify the polarization direction in the microscope. A commercial alignment slide can be used to establish the polarization directions or use anthophyllite or another suitable mineral. This mineral has a zero degree angle of extinction and will go dark to extinction as it aligns with the polarization directions. When a fiber of anthophyllite has gone to extinction, align the eyepiece reticle or graticule with the fiber so that there is a visual cue as to the direction of polarization in the field of view. Tape or otherwise secure the eyepiece in this position so it will not shift. After the polarization direction has been identified in the field of view, move the particle of interest to the center of the field of view and align it with the polarization direction. For fibers, align the fiber along this direction. Note the angular reading of the rotating stage. Looking at the particle, rotate the stage until the fiber goes dark or "blinks out". Again note the reading of the stage. The difference in the first reading and the second is an angle of extinction. The angle measured may vary as the orientation of the fiber changes about its long axis. Tables of mineralogical data usually report the maximum angle of extinction. Asbestos forming minerals, when they exhibit an angle of extinction, usually do show an angle of extinction close to the reported maximum, or as appropriate depending on the substitution chemistry. Crossed Polars with Compensator When the optical axes of a crystal are not lined up along one of the polarizing directions (either the polarizer or the analyzer) part of the light travels along one axis and part travels along the other visible axis. This is characteristic of birefringent materials. The color depends on the difference of the two visible indices of refraction and the thickness of the crystal. The maximum difference available is the difference between the alpha and the gamma axes. This maximum difference is usually tabulated as the birefringence of the crystal. For this test, align the fiber at 45 deg. to the polarization directions in order to maximize the contribution to each of the optical axes. The colors seen are called retardation colors. They

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CALIFORNIA arise from the recombination of light which has traveled through the two separate directions of the crystal. One of the rays is retarded behind the other since the light in that direction travels slower. On recombination, some of the colors which make up white light are enhanced by constructive interference and some are suppressed by destructive interference. The result is a color dependent on the difference between the indices and the thickness of the crystal. The proper colors, thicknesses, and retardations are shown on a Michel-Levy chart. The three items, retardation, thickness and birefringence are related by the following relationship: R = t (n gamma - n alpha) R = retardation, t = crystal thickness in :m, and n alpha, gamma = indices of refraction. Examination of the equation for asbestos minerals reveals that the visible colors for almost all common asbestos minerals and fiber sizes are shades of gray and black. The eye is relatively poor at discriminating different shades of gray. It is very good at discriminating different colors. In order to compensate for the low retardation, a compensator is added to the light train between the polarization elements. The compensator used for this test is a gypsum plate of known thickness and birefringence. Such a compensator when oriented at 45 deg. to the polarizer direction, provides a retardation of 530 nm of the 530 nm wavelength color. This enhances the red color and gives the background a characteristic red to red-magenta color. If this "fullwave" compensator is in place when the asbestos preparation is inserted into the light train, the colors seen on the fibers are quite different. Gypsum, like asbestos has a fast axis and a slow axis. When a fiber is aligned with its fast axis in the same direction as the fast axis of the gypsum plate, the ray vibrating in the slow direction is retarded by both the asbestos and the gypsum. This results in a higher retardation than would be present for either of the two minerals. The color seen is a second order blue. When the fiber is rotated 90 deg. using the rotating stage, the slow direction of the fiber is now aligned with the fast direction of the gypsum and the fast direction of the fiber is aligned with the slow direction of the gypsum. Thus, one ray vibrates faster in the fast direction of the gypsum, and slower in the slow direction of the fiber; the other ray will vibrate slower in the slow direction of the gypsum and faster in the fast direction of the fiber. In this case, the effect is subtractive and the color seen is a first order yellow. As long as the fiber thickness does not add appreciably to the color, the same basic colors will be seen for all asbestos types except crocidolite. In crocidolite the colors will be weaker, may be in the opposite directions, and will be altered by the blue absorption color natural to crocidolite. Hundreds of other materials will give the same colors as asbestos, and therefore, this test is not definitive for asbestos. The test is useful in discriminating against fiberglass or other

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California

4.6.

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amorphous fibers such as some synthetic fibers. Certain synthetic fibers will show retardation colors different than asbestos; however, there are some forms of polyethylene and aramid which will show morphology and retardation colors similar to asbestos minerals. This test must be supplemented with a positive identification test when birefringent fibers are present which cannot be excluded by morphology. This test is relatively ineffective for use on fibers less than 1 :m in diameter. For positive confirmation TEM or SEM should be used if no larger bundles or fibers are visible. Dispersion Staining Dispersion microscopy or dispersion staining is the method of choice for the identification of asbestos in bulk materials. Becke line analysis is used by some laboratories and yields the same results as does dispersion staining for asbestos and can be used in lieu of dispersion staining. Dispersion staining is performed on the same platform as the phase-polar analysis with the analyzer and compensator removed. One polarizing element remains to define the direction of the light so that the different indices of refraction of the fibers may be separately determined. Dispersion microscopy is a dark-field technique when used for asbestos. Particles are imaged with scattered light. Light which is unscattered is blocked from reaching the eye either by the back field image mask in a McCrone objective or a back field image mask in the phase condenser. The most convenient method is to use the rotating phase condenser to move an oversized phase ring into place. The ideal size for this ring is for the central disk to be just larger than the objective entry aperture as viewed in the back focal plane. The larger the disk, the less scattered light reaches the eye. This will have the effect of diminishing the intensity of dispersion color and will shift the actual color seen. The colors seen vary even on microscopes from the same manufacturer. This is due to the different bands of wavelength exclusion by different mask sizes. The mask may either reside in the condenser or in the objective back focal plane. It is imperative that the analyst determine by experimentation with asbestos standards what the appropriate colors should be for each asbestos type. The colors depend also on the temperature of the preparation and the exact chemistry of the asbestos. Therefore, some slight differences from the standards should be allowed. This is not a serious problem for commercial asbestos uses. This technique is used for identification of the indices of refraction for fibers by recognition of color. There is no direct numerical readout of the index of refraction. Correlation of color to actual index of refraction is possible by referral to published conversion tables. This is not necessary for the analysis of asbestos. Recognition of appropriate colors along with the proper morphology are deemed sufficient to identify the commercial asbestos minerals. Other techniques including SEM, TEM, and XRD may be required to provide additional information in order to identify other types of asbestos

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5. 5.1. 5.2. 5.3. 5.4. 5.5. 5.6.

Make a preparation in the suspected matching high dispersion oil, e.g., n=1.550 for chrysotile. Perform the preliminary tests to determine whether the fibers are birefringent or not. Take note of the morphological character. Wavy fibers are indicative of chrysotile while long, straight, thin, frayed fibers are indicative of amphibole asbestos. This can aid in the selection of the appropriate matching oil. The microscope is set up and the polarization direction is noted as in Section 4.4. Align a fiber with the polarization direction. Note the color. This is the color parallel to the polarizer. Then rotate the fiber rotating the stage 90 deg. so that the polarization direction is across the fiber. This is the perpendicular position. Again note the color. Both colors must be consistent with standard asbestos minerals in the correct direction for a positive identification of asbestos. If only one of the colors is correct while the other is not, the identification is not positive. If the colors in both directions are bluish-white, the analyst has chosen a matching index oil which is higher than the correct matching oil, e.g. the analyst has used n=1.620 where chrysotile is present. The next lower oil (Section 3.5.) should be used to prepare another specimen. If the color in both directions is yellowwhite to straw-yellow-white, this indicates that the index of the oil is lower than the index of the fiber, e.g. the preparation is in n=1.550 while anthophyllite is present. Select the next higher oil (Section 3.5.) and prepare another slide. Continue in this fashion until a positive identification of all asbestos species present has been made or all possible asbestos species have been ruled out by negative results in this test. Certain plant fibers can have similar dispersion colors as asbestos. Take care to note and evaluate the morphology of the fibers or remove the plant fibers in pre-preparation. Coating material on the fibers such as carbonate or vinyl may destroy the dispersion color. Usually, there will be some outcropping of fiber which will show the colors sufficient for identification. When this is not the case, treat the sample as described in Section 3.3. and then perform dispersion staining. Some samples will yield to Becke line analysis if they are coated or electron microscopy can be used for identification. References Crane, D.T., Asbestos in Air, OSHA method ID160, Revised November 1992. Ford, W.E., Dana's Textbook of Mineralogy; Fourth Ed.; John Wiley and Son, New York, 1950, p. vii. Selikoff, I.J., Lee, D.H.K., Asbestos and Disease, Academic Press, New York, 1978, pp. 3,20. Women Inspectors of Factories. Annual Report for 1898, H.M. Statistical Office, London, p 170 (18981) Selikoff, I.J., Lee, D.H.K., Asbestos and Disease, Academic Press, New York, 1978, pp. 26,30. Campbell, W.J., et al, Selected Silicate Minerals and Their Asbestiform

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California Varieties, United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Information Circular 8751, 1977. 5.7. Asbestos, Code of Federal Regulations, 29 CFR 1910.1001 and 29 CFR 1926.58. 5.8. National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants; Asbestos NESHAP Revision, Federal Register, Vol. 55, No. 224, 20 November 1990, p. 48410. 5.9. Ross, M. The Asbestos Minerals: Definitions, Description, Modes of Formation, Physical and Chemical Properties and Health Risk to the Mining Community, Nation Bureau of Standards Special Publication, Washington, D.C., 1977. 5.10. Lilis, R., Fibrous Zeolites and Endemic Mesothelioma in Cappadocia, Turkey, J. Occ Medicine, 1981, 23,(8),548-550. 5.11. Occupational Exposure to Asbestos -- 1972, U.S. Department of Health Education and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, HSM-72-10267. 5.12. Campbell,W.J., et al, Relationship of Mineral Habit to Size Characteristics for Tremolite Fragments and Fibers, United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Information Circular 8367, 1979. 5.13. Mefford, D., DCM Laboratory, Denver, private communication, July 1987. 5.14. Deer, W.A., Howie, R.A., Zussman, J., Rock Forming Minerals, Longman, Thetford, UK, 1974. 5.15. Kerr, P.F., Optical Mineralogy; Third Ed. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1959. 5.16. Veblen, D.R. (Ed.), Amphiboles and Other Hydrous Pyriboles -- Mineralogy, Reviews in Mineralogy, Vol 9A, Michigan, 1982, pp 1- 102. 5.17. Dixon, W.C., Applications of Optical Microscopy in the Analysis of Asbestos and Quartz, ACS Symposium Series, No. 120, Analytical Techniques in Occupational Health Chemistry, 1979. 5.18. Polarized Light Microscopy, McCrone Research Institute, Chicago, 1976. 5.19. Asbestos Identification, McCrone Research Institute, G & G printers, Chicago, 1987. 5.20. McCrone, W.C., Calculation of Refractive Indices from Dispersion Staining Data, The Microscope, No 37, Chicago, 1989. 5.21. Levadie, B. (Ed.), Asbestos and Other Health Related Silicates, ASTM Technical Publication 834, ASM, Philadelphia 1982. 5.22. Steel, E. and Wylie, A., Riordan, P.H. (Ed.), Mineralogical Characteristics of Asbestos, Geology of Asbestos Deposits, pp. 93-101, SME-AIME, 1981. 5.23. Zussman, J., The Mineralogy of Asbestos, Asbestos: Properties, Applications and Hazards, pp. 45-67 Wiley, 1979. NOTE: Authority cited: Section 142.3. Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code. HISTORY: 1. New Appendix K to section 1529 filed 5-3-96; operative 7-3-96 (Register 96, No. 18).

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Regulation No. 8 Part B - Asbestos Colorado Air Quality Control Commission

EMISSION STANDARDS FOR ASBESTOS EXCERPTED FROM REGULATION NO. 8 "The Control of Hazardous Air Pollutants" Part B - Emission Standards for Asbestos

COLORADO AIR QUALITY CONTROL COMMISSION

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REGULATION NO. 8 The Control of Hazardous Air Pollutants PART B THE CONTROL OF ASBESTOS Section I. Incorporated Material Statement; Definitions A. Incorporated Materials B. Definitions

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Section II. Certification and Training Requirements A. General Requirements B. Training requirements and training course approval 1. Initial Training a. General Abatement Certification b. Inspectors, Management Planners, Workers, Supervisors, Project Designers c. Air Monitoring Specialist d. Project Manager 2. Examinations 3. Refresher Training Courses 4. Course Approval C. Application Procedures and Fees for Certification D. Reciprocity E. [RESERVED] F. Exemptions (non-schools) G. Denial, Suspension, Revocation or Refusal to Renew Certification

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Section III. Project Requirements A. Applicability B. Notification and Disclosures 1. Notices 2. Disclosures C. General Requirements 1. Permits a. Permit Applications b. Permit/Project Modifications c. Multiple-Phase Projects 2. Asbestos Abatement Work Practices a. Containment b. Decontamination Unit c. HEPA Vacuuming

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COLORADO d. Wet Wiping e. Pre-Cleaning of Surfaces f. Glovebags g. Airless Sprayers h. Manometer/Pressure Gauge/Smoke Tube i. Wetting j. Disposal Containers k. Encapsulants l. Coveralls m. Enclosures n. Removing Facility Components o. Removal of Elevated Friable Asbestos p. Cold Temperature Wetting q. Work Practices in Structurally Unsound Buildings r. Air Cleaning s. Waste Load-out Area 3. Special Projects a. Resilient Floor Tile and Sheet Vinyl Flooring b. Asbestos-Contaminated Soil c. Asphaltic Materials d. Asbestos Cement Products e. Disposal and Work Practices for the Removal of Non-Friable Asbestos Containing Materials 4. Alternative Procedures and Variances 5. Asbestos Spill Response 6. Renovation and Demolition Projects 7. Measuring Asbestos Levels a. Clearing Abatement Projects b. Maximum Allowable Asbestos Level (MAAL) 8. Handling Waste Material 9. Asbestos Abatement Project Management and Project Design a. Project Management b. Project Design D. Use of Asbestos in the Manufacturing, Commerce and Construction Industries 1. Standard for Asbestos Mills 2. Standard for 3. Standard for Manufacturing 4. Standard for Spraying 5. Standard for Fabricating 6. Standard for Insulating Materials

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COLORADO Section IV. School Requirements A. Scope and Purpose B. General local education agency responsibilities C. Inspection and re-inspections D. Sampling E. Analysis F. Assessment G. Response actions H. Operations and Maintenance I. Training and Periodic Surveillance J. School Management Plans K. Recordkeeping L. Warning Labels M. Exclusions

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Section V. State Building Requirements A. Scope and Purpose B. General State agency responsibilities C. Inspections D. Sampling E. Analysis F. Assessment G. Recordkeeping H. Exclusions

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Section VI. Enforcement A. General Authority B. Injunctive proceedings

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Section VII. Statement of Basis and Purpose A. Amendment to section II - Incorporation of the EPA Model Accreditation Plan (adopted March 21, 1996) B. Revisions resulting from HB 95-1016 (adopted September 19, 1996)

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Appendices APPENDIX A -- Small Scale Projects APPENDIX B -- Recommended Work Practices for the Removal of Resilient Floor Coverings APPENDIX C -- Training Course Outline, Removal of Resilient Floor Coverings in Accordance with Appendix B Adopted: March 21, 1996 Adopted: September 19, 1996

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Effective: May 20, 1996 Effective: November 30, 1996

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REGULATION NO. 8 PART B ASBESTOS CONTROL Section (I) Incorporated Material Statement; Definitions (I)(A) Incorporated Materials Some documents are noted in this regulation as being incorporated by reference. Materials incorporated by reference are those in existence as of the dates indicated and do not include later amendments. The material incorporated by reference is available for public inspection during regular business hours at the Office of the Commission, located at 4300 Cherry Creek Drive South, Denver, Colorado 80222, or may be examined at any state publications depository library. Parties wishing to inspect these materials should contact the Technical Secretary of the Commission, located at the Office of the Commission. (I)(B) Definitions All terms used in this Regulation No. 8, Part B, and that are not defined below are given the same meaning as in the definitions in Regulation No. 8, Part A (section I.D.), and the common provisions regulation: (I)(B)(1) Accessible when referring to ACM means that the material is subject to disturbance by school or building occupants or custodial or maintenance personnel in the course of their normal activities. (I)(B)(2) Act means CRS sections 25-7-101 et seq., concerning the control of asbestos. (I)(B)(3) ACGIH means American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 6500 Glenway Avenue, Building D-5, Cincinnati, Ohio 45211. (I)(B)(4) Adequately Wet means sufficiently mix or penetrate with liquid to prevent the release of particulates. If visible emissions are observed coming from asbestos-containing material, then that material has not been adequately wetted. However, the absence of visible emissions is not sufficient evidence of being adequately wet. (I)(B)(5) AIHA means American Industrial Hygiene Association, 475 Wolf Ledges Parkway, Akron, Ohio 44311. (I)(B)(6) Air Erosion means the passage of air over friable ACBM which may result in the release of asbestos fibers.

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COLORADO (I)(B)(7) Airlock means a system for permitting ingress and egress with minimum air movement between a contaminated area and an uncontaminated area. (I)(B)(8) Air Monitoring means measuring the fiber content of a known volume of air collected over a known period of time. (I)(B)(9) Air Monitoring Specialist means a person contracted or employed to conduct air monitoring. (I)(B)(10) Amended Water means water to which a surfactant has been added. (I)(B)(11) ANSI means American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, New York 10018. (I)(B(12) Area of Public Access means any building, facility, or property, or only that portion thereof, which any member of the general public can enter without limitation or restriction by the owner or lessee under normal business conditions; except that "Area of Public Access" includes any facility which charges the general public a fee for admission such as any theater or arena. "General Public" does not include employees of the entity which owns, leases, or operates such building, facility, or property, or such portion thereof, or any service personnel or vendors connected therewith. (I)(B)(13) Asbestos means asbestiform varieties of chrysotile, amosite (cummintonitegrunerite), crocidolite, anthophyllite, tremolite, and actinolite. (I)(B)(14) Asbestos Abatement means any of the following: (I)(B)(14)(a) The wrecking or removal of structural members that contain friable asbestos-containing material; (I)(B)(14)(b) The following practices intended to prevent the escape of asbestos fibers into the atmosphere: (I)(B)(14)(b)(i) Coating, binding, or resurfacing of walls, ceilings, pipes, or other structures for the purpose of minimizing friable asbestos containing material from becoming airborne; (I)(B)(14)(b)(ii) Enclosing friable asbestos containing material to make it inaccessible; (I)(B)(14)(b)(iii) Removing friable asbestos-containing material from any pipe, duct, boiler, tank, reactor, furnace, or other structural member. (I)(B)(14)(b)(iv) Removing facility components that are asbestos-covered or asbestos-containing. Explanatory Note: These are the phases of asbestos abatement in chronological order: (I)(B)(14)(b)(iv)(a) Pre-Abatement means the time period covering the commencement of construction of the containments and all other

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COLORADO preparations (including any necessary pre-cleaning) taking place prior to the actual abatement of ACM. This abatement phase does not include the transport of materials and equipment to the job site. The transport of materials and equipment to the job site is the only activity that is allowed prior to the permit start date. (I)(B)(14)(b)(iv)(b) Active Abatement means the time period beginning with the completion of the pre-abatement phase and ending when the area has passed final air sampling and the critical barriers have been completely removed. The active abatement phase includes the actual "gross" removal of ACM and all aspects of "final cleaning" that are conducted prior to the areas being pronounced ready for a final visual inspection. The final visual inspection, final clearance air monitoring, and the removal of critical barriers are the last activities included in the active abatement phase. (I)(B)(14)(b)(iv)(c) Post-Abatement means any point in time following the termination of the active abatement phase. (I)(B)(15) Asbestos Abatement Contractor means any person hired to conduct asbestos abatement. (I)(B)(16) Asbestos-containing Building Material (ACBM) means surfacing ACM, thermal system insulation ACM, or miscellaneous ACM that is found in or on interior structural members or other parts of a school or state building. (I)(B)(17) Asbestos Containing Material (ACM) means material containing more than 1% asbestos. (I)(B)(18) Asbestos-Containing Waste Materials (ACWM) means mill tailings or any waste that contains commercial asbestos and is generated by a source subject to the provisions of this Regulation. This term includes, but is not limited to, asbestos waste from control devices, friable asbestos waste material, disposable equipment and clothing, and bags or other similar packaging contaminated with commercial asbestos. (I)(B)(19) Asbestos Debris means pieces of ACM that can be identified by color, texture, or composition, or means dust, if the dust is determined by a certified inspector to be ACM. (I)(B)(20) Asbestos Mill means any facility engaged in converting, or in any intermediate step in converting, asbestos ore into commercial asbestos. Outside storage of asbestos material is not considered a part of the asbestos mill. (I)(B)(21) Asbestos Spill means any release of asbestos fibers due to a breach of the containment barrier on an abatement project, or due to any cause other

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COLORADO than abatement of asbestos. (I)(B)(22) Asbestos Tailings means any solid waste that contains asbestos and is a product of asbestos mining or milling operation. (I)(B)(23) Assessment, when used in reference to ACM in a state building, means any evaluation of ACM, or suspected ACM, which determines the need for a response action. (I)(B)(24) ASTM means American Society For Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103. (I)(B)(25) Category I non-friable Asbestos-containing Material (ACM) means asbestos-containing packagings, gaskets, resilient floor covering, and asphalt roofing products containing more than 1 percent asbestos as determined using the method specified in Appendix E, Subpart E, 40 CFR. Part 763, section 1, polarized light microscopy (EPA 1995), which is herein incorporated by reference (incorporation of materials is discussed in section I.A. of this regulation). (I)(B)(26) Category II non-friable ACM means any material, excluding category I non-friable ACM, containing more than 1 percent asbestos as determined using the methods specified in Appendix E, Subpart E, 40 CFR Part 763, section 1, polarized light microscopy, (EPA 1995), which is herein incorporated by reference (incorporation of materials is discussed in section I.A. of this regulation), that, when dry, cannot be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by hand pressure. (I)(B)(27) Certified means holding a certificate issued pursuant to this regulation. (I)(B)(28) Clean Room means an uncontaminated area or room which is a part of the worker decontamination enclosure system with provisions for storage of workers' street clothes and clean protective equipment. (I)(B)(29) Commercial Asbestos means any material containing asbestos that is extracted from ore and has value because of its asbestos content. (I)(B)(30) Commission means the Colorado Air Quality Control Commission. (I)(B)(31) Critical Barrier means a single layer of 6-mil or greater polyethylene sheeting or an equivalent airtight barrier installed initially over all doors, windows, ventilation openings, drains, wall penetrations, etc., as an additional measure to prevent contaminated air from escaping the work area. (I)(B)(32) Curtained Doorway means a device to allow ingress or egress from one

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COLORADO room to another while permitting minimal air movement between the rooms. (I)(B)(33) Cutting means to penetrate with a sharp-edged instrument and includes sawing, but does not include shearing, slicing, or punching. (I)(B)(34) Damaged Friable Miscellaneous ACM means friable miscellaneous ACM which has deteriorated or sustained physical injury such that the internal structure (cohesion) of the material is inadequate or, if applicable, which has delaminated such that its bond to the substrate (adhesion) is inadequate or which for any other reason lacks fiber cohesion or adhesion qualities. Such damage or deterioration may be illustrated by the separation of ACM into layers; separation of ACM from the substrate; flaking, blistering, or crumbling of the ACM surface; water damage; significant or repeated water stains, scrapes, gouges, mars or other signs of physical injury on the ACM. Asbestos debris originating from the ACBM in question may also indicate damage. (I)(B)(35) Damaged Friable Surfacing ACM means friable surfacing ACM which has deteriorated or sustained physical injury such that the internal structure (cohesion) of the material is inadequate or which has delaminated such that its bond to the substrate (adhesion) is inadequate, or which, for any other reason lacks fiber cohesion or adhesion qualities. Such damage or deterioration may be illustrated by the separation of ACM into layers; separation of ACM from the substrate; flaking, blistering, or crumbling of the ACM surface; water damage; significant or repeated water stains, scrapes, gouges, mars or other signs of physical injury on the ACM. Asbestos debris originating from the ACBM in question may also indicate damage. (I)(B)(36) Damaged or Significantly Damaged Thermal System Insulation ACM means thermal system insulation ACM on pipes, boilers, tanks, ducts, and other thermal system insulation equipment where the insulation has lost its structural integrity, or its covering, in whole or in part, is crushed, waterstained, gouged, punctured, missing, or not intact such that it is not able to contain fibers. Damage may be further illustrated by occasional punctures, gouges or other signs of physical injury to ACM; occasional water damage on the protective coverings/jackets; or exposed ACM ends or joints. Asbestos debris originating from the ACBM in question may also indicate damage. (I)(B)(37) Decontamination Enclosure System means a series of three (minimum) connected rooms, separated from the work area and from each other by air locks or curtained doorways, for the decontamination of workers and equipment. (I)(B)(38) Demolition means the wrecking or taking out of any load-supporting structural member of a facility together with any related handling operations

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COLORADO or the intentional burning of any facility. (I)(B)(39) Division means the Colorado Air Pollution Control Division. (I)(B)(40) Emergency means an unexpected situation or sudden occurrence of a serious and urgent nature that demands immediate action and that constitutes a threat to life, health or that may cause major damage to property. Delay of a contract does not constitute an emergency, nor are demolition projects emergencies. (I)(B)(41) Encapsulation means application of a liquid material to asbestos containing material which controls the possible release of asbestos fibers from the material either by creating a membrane over the surface (bridging encapsulant) or by penetrating into the material and binding its components together (penetrating encapsulant). (I)(B)(42) Enclosure means an airtight, impermeable, permanent barrier around ACM to minimize the release of asbestos fibers into the air. (I)(B)(43) EPA means U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street SW, Washington, D.C. 20460, and its regional offices. (I)(B)(44) Equipment room means a contaminated area or room which is part of the worker decontamination enclosure system with provisions for storage of contaminated clothing and equipment. (I)(B)(45) Fabricating means any processing (e.g., cutting, sawing, drilling) of a manufactured product that contains commercial asbestos, with the exception of processing at temporary sites (field fabricating) for the construction or restoration of facilities. In the case of friction products, fabricating includes bonding, rebonding, grinding, sawing, drilling, or other similar operations performed as part of fabricating. (I)(B)(46) Facility means any institutional, commercial, public, industrial, or residential structure, installation, or building (including any structure, installation, or building containing condominiums or individual dwelling units operated as a residential cooperative, but excluding residential buildings having four or fewer dwelling units); any ship; and any active or inactive waste disposal site. For purposes of the definition, any building, structure, or installation that contains a loft used as a dwelling is not considered a residential structure, installation, or building. Any structure, installation or building that was previously subject to this subpart is not excluded, regardless of its current use or function. (I)(B)(47) Facility Component means any part of a facility including equipment.

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COLORADO (I)(B)(48) Fiber Release Episode means any uncontrolled or unintentional disturbance of ACM resulting in visible emissions. (I)(B)(49) Final Cleaning means the cleaning of all dust and debris from the work areas near the end of the active abatement phase, immediately prior to the final visual inspection. (I)(B)(50) Fixed Object means a piece of equipment or furniture in the work area which cannot be readily removed from the work area. (I)(B)(51) Friable means that the material, when dry, may be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by hand pressure, and includes previously non-friable material after such previously non-friable material becomes damaged to the extent that when dry it may be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by hand pressure. (I)(B)(52) Friable Asbestos Containing Material means any material that contains asbestos and when dry can be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by hand pressure and that contains more than one percent asbestos by weight. The term includes non-friable forms of asbestos after such previously non-friable material becomes damaged to the extent that when dry it can be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by hand pressure. (I)(B)(53) Functional Space means a room, group of rooms, or homogeneous area (including crawl spaces or the space between a dropped ceiling and the floor or roof deck above), such as a classroom(s), a cafeteria, gymnasium, hallways, designated by a person certified to prepare management plans, design abatement projects, or conduct response actions. (I)(B)(54) Glovebag means a manufactured or fabricated device, typically constructed of six mil transparent polyethylene or polyvinylchloride plastic, consisting of two inward projecting long sleeves with attached gloves, an internal tool pouch, and an attached, labeled receptacle for asbestos waste. (I)(B)(55) Grinding means to reduce to powder or small fragments and includes mechanical chipping or drilling. (I)(B)(56) HVAC means heating, ventilation and air conditioning system. (I)(B)(57) HEPA vacuum means a vacuum system equipped with HEPA filtration. (I)(B)(58) HEPA means High Efficiency Particulate Air. (I)(B)(59) HEPA Filter means a filtering system capable of trapping and retaining at least 99.97 percent of all mono-dispersed particles 0.3 microns in diameter

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COLORADO or larger. (I)(B)(60) Homogeneous Area means an area of surfacing material, thermal system insulation material, or miscellaneous material that is uniform in color and texture. (I)(B)(61) Independent means that a person is not an employee, agent, representative, partner, joint venture, shareholder, parent or subsidiary company of another person. (I)(B)(62) Large Contiguous Facility Complexes means those complexes that have a single owner and have 3 or more buildings on a single property or adjoining properties. (I)(B)(63) Local Education Agency (LEA) means: (I)(B)(63)(a) Any local educational agency as defined in section 198 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 3381). (I)(B)(63)(b) The owner of any nonpublic, nonprofit, elementary, or secondary school building. (I)(B)(63)(c) The governing authority of any school operated under the Defense Department's education system provided for under the Defense Department's Education Act of 1978 (20 U.S.C. 921, et seq.). (I)(B)(64) Manufacturing means the combining of commercial asbestos - or, in the case of woven friction products, the combining of textiles containing commercial asbestos-with any other material(s), including commercial asbestos, and the processing of this combination into a product. Chlorine production is considered a part of manufacturing. (I)(B)(65) Mini Enclosure means any containment barrier small enough to restrict entry to the asbestos work area to no more than two workers, constructed around an area where small-scale, short-duration asbestos abatement is to be performed. (I)(B)(66) Miscellaneous ACM means miscellaneous material that is ACM. (I)(B)(67) Miscellaneous Material means interior building material on structural components, structural members or fixtures, such as floor and ceiling tiles, and does not include surfacing material or thermal system insulation. (I)(B)(68) Movable objects means pieces of equipment or furniture in the work area which can be readily removed from the work area. (I)(B)(69) Negative Pressure Ventilation System means portable exhaust systems equipped with HEPA filtration and capable of maintaining a

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COLORADO constant high velocity air flow out of the contaminated area, resulting in a constant low velocity air flow into contaminated areas from adjacent uncontaminated areas. (I)(B)(70) NESHAPS means The National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (40 CFR Part 61) (EPA), Subparts A (General Provisions), and M (National Emission Standard for Asbestos). (I)(B)(71) NIOSH means the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, CDC-NIOSH, Building J N.E., Room 3007 Atlanta, Georgia, 30333. (I)(B)(72) Non-friable means material which when dry may not be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by hand pressure. (I)(B)(73) Operations and Maintenance Program means a program of work practices to maintain friable ACBM in good condition, ensure clean up of asbestos fibers previously released, and prevent further release by minimizing and controlling friable ACBM disturbance or damage. (I)(B)(74) OSHA means the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 200 Constitution Avenue, Washington, D.C. 20210. (I)(B)(75) PCM (Phase Contrast Microscopy) means an analytical technique used for the counting of fibers. This method is not specific for asbestos. (I)(B)(76) Particulate Asbestos Material means finely divided particles of asbestos or material containing asbestos. (I)(B)(77) Person means any individual, any public or private corporation, partnership, association, firm, trust, or estate, the state or any department, institution, or agency thereof, any municipal corporation, county, city and county, or other political subdivision of the state, or any other legal entity which is recognized by law as the subject of rights and duties. (I)(B)(78) Porous means capable of trapping, retaining or holding asbestos fibers even during aggressive cleaning methods such as wet washing, wiping and HEPA vacuuming. (I)(B)(79) Potential Damage means circumstances in which: (I)(B)(79)(a) Friable ACBM is in an area regularly used by building occupants including maintenance personnel, in the course of their normal activities. (I)(B)(79)(b) There are indications that there is a reasonable likelihood that the material or its covering will become damaged, deteriorated, or delaminated due to factors such as changes in building use, changes in operations and maintenance practices, changes in occupancy, or recurrent damage.

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COLORADO (I)(B)(80) Potential Significant Damage means circumstances in which: (I)(B)(80)(a) Friable ACBM is in an area regularly used by building occupants, including maintenance personnel, in the course of their normal activities. (I)(B)(80)(b) There are indications that there is a reasonable likelihood that the material or its covering will become significantly damaged, deteriorated, or delaminated due to factors such as changes in building use, changes in operations and maintenance practices, changes in occupancy, or recurrent damage. (I)(B)(80)(c) The material is subject to major or continuing disturbance, due to factors including, but not limited to, accessibility or, under certain circumstances, vibration or air erosion. (I)(B)(81) Pre-cleaning means the cleaning of the work area of visible dust and debris prior to active abatement. (I)(B)(82) Preventive Measures means actions taken to reduce disturbance of ACBM or otherwise eliminate the reasonable likelihood of the materials becoming damaged or significantly damaged. (I)(B)(83) Project Design means the preparation of plans, specifications, project procedures, containment design/placement, descriptions of engineering controls, and shop drawings for an asbestos abatement project or response action. It shall include an accurate and detailed scope of work, quantities of material to be removed, removal methods, and air exchange calculations. Drawings shall include locations of ACM to be abated, location of the decontamination unit, waste load out, negative air units, air intake and exhaust, and emergency exits when applicable. (I)(B)(84) Public and Commercial Building means any building which is not a school, except that the term does not include any residential apartment building of ten or fewer units. Single family residential units are excluded from this definition. This definition includes all industrial buildings. (I)(B)(85) Regulated Asbestos-containing Material (RACM) means (a) friable asbestos material, (b) Category I non-friable ACM that has become friable, (c) Category I non-friable ACM that will be or has been subjected to sanding, grinding, cutting, or abrading or (d) Category II non-friable ACM that has a high probability of becoming or has become crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by the forces expected to act on the material in the course of demolition or renovation operations regulated by this subpart. (I)(B)(86) Removal means the taking out or the stripping of ACBM from a damaged area, a functional space, or a homogeneous area in a building. (I)(B)(87) Renovation means altering in any way one or more facility components.

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COLORADO Operations in which load-supporting structural members are wrecked or taken out are excluded. Examples of renovation work include replacement or repair of mechanical ventilation systems, pipes, ceilings, walls, flooring (including floor tiles), and insulating materials. (I)(B)(88) Repair means returning damaged ACBM to an undamaged condition or to an intact state so as to prevent fiber release. (I)(B)(89) Resilient Floor Tile (FT) means tile which may include vinyl asbestos tile, asphalt tile, and rubber tile. Tile often appears as 9" x 9" or 12" x 12" floor tile squares. This material may be found in schools, offices and residential applications. Not all resilient floor tile contains asbestos. (I)(B)(90) Response Action means a method, including removal, encapsulation, enclosure, repair, operations and maintenance, that protects human health and the environment from friable ACM. (I)(B)(91) Roadways means surfaces on which vehicles travel. This term includes public and private highways, roads, streets, parking areas, and driveways. (I)(B)(92) Routine Maintenance Area - means an area, such as a boiler room or mechanical room, that is not normally frequented by students and in which maintenance employees or contract workers regularly conduct maintenance activities. (I)(B)(93) Sampling Area means any area whether contiguous or not, within a building which contains friable material that is homogeneous in texture and appearance. (I)(B)(94) School means any institution that provides elementary or secondary education. (I)(B)(95) School Building means: (I)(B)(95)(a) Any structure suitable for use as a classroom, including a school facility such as a laboratory, library, school eating facility, or facility used for the preparation of food. (I)(B)(95)(b) Any gymnasium or other facility which is specially designed for athletic or recreational activities for an academic course in physical education. (I)(B)(95)(c) Any other facility used for the instruction or housing of students or for the administration of educational or research programs. (I)(B)(95)(d) Any maintenance, storage, or utility facility, including any hallway, essential to the operation of any facility described in this definition of "school building" under paragraphs a, b, or c. (I)(B)(95)(e) Any portico or covered exterior hallway or walkway of any facility

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COLORADO described in this definition of "school building" in paragraphs a, b, c, or d. (I)(B)(95)(f) Any exterior portion of a mechanical system used to condition interior space of any facility described in this definition of "school building" in paragraphs a, b, c, or d. (I)(B)(96) Secondary Containment means a system of airtight barriers to isolate the work area to prevent the migration of air from the work area. (I)(B)(97) Sheet Vinyl Flooring means material that is usually found in 6 ft., 9 ft., and 12 ft., width sheets. It often consists of three or more laminated layers. The upper layers are comprised of a wear layer and design feature. The bottom layer may be an asbestos-containing backing, which may be grayish-white in color. Sheet vinyl flooring may be installed in an adhered or loose-laid manner. Other possible applications for this material include countertops and wall coverings. Not all sheet vinyl flooring has an asbestoscontaining backing. (I)(B)(98) Shower Room means a room between the clean room and the equipment room in the worker decontamination enclosure suitably arranged for complete showering during decontamination. (I)(B)(99) Significantly Damaged Friable Miscellaneous ACM means damaged friable miscellaneous ACM where the damage is extensive & severe. (I)(B)(100) Significantly Damaged Friable Surfacing ACM means damaged friable surfacing ACM in a functional space where the damage is extensive and severe. (I)(B)(101) Single Family Residential Dwelling or Unit means any structure or portion of a structure whose primary use is for housing of one family. Residential portions of multi-unit dwellings such as apartment buildings, condominiums, duplexes and triplexes are also considered to be, for the purposes of this Regulation No. 8, single family residential dwellings; common areas such as hallways, entryways, and boiler rooms are not single family residential dwellings. (I)(B)(102) Staging Area means either the holding area or an area near the waste transfer airlock where containerized asbestos waste has been placed prior to removal from the work area. (I)(B)(103) State-owned or State-leased Buildings means structures occupied by any person which are either owned by the state or utilized by the state through leases of one year's duration or longer. (I)(B)(104) Strip means to take off RACM from any part of a facility or facility

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COLORADO components. (I)(B)(105) Structural Member means any beam, ceiling, floor, or wall. (I)(B)(106) Surfacing ACM means surfacing material that is ACM. (I)(B)(107) Surfacing Material means material in a school or public or commercial building that is sprayed on, troweled on, or otherwise applied to surfaces, such as acoustical plaster on ceilings and fireproofing materials on structural members, or other materials on surfaces for acoustical, fireproofing, or other purposes. (I)(B)(108) Surfactant means a chemical wetting agent added to water to improve penetration. (I)(B)(109) TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) means an analytical technique used for the definitive identification of asbestos. (I)(B)(110) Thermal System Insulation ACM means thermal system insulation that is ACM. (I)(B)(111) TSCA means Toxic Substances Control Act, 15 U.S.C. section 2601 et. seq. (I)(B)(112) TSCA TITLE II means the 1986 amendments to TSCA found at 15 U.S.C. section 2641 et seq. (I)(B)(113) Vibration means the periodic motion of friable ACM which may result in the release of asbestos fibers. (I)(B)(114) Visible Emissions means any emissions which are visually detectable without the aid of instruments, coming from asbestos containing material or asbestos containing waste material. (I)(B)(115) Waste Load-out Area means a specially constructed airlock system utilized as a short term storage area for bagged or barreled waste and as a port for transferring waste to the transport vehicle. This area is separate from the decontamination unit. (I)(B)(116) Wet Cleaning means eliminating asbestos contamination from building surfaces and objects by using cloths, mops, or other cleaning utensils which have been dampened with amended water. (I)(B)(117) Work Area means a room, group of rooms, or contiguous area sealed or contained by polyethylene barriers and/or walls for the purpose of

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COLORADO eliminating air exchange between another room, group of rooms, or contiguous areas. (I)(B)(118) Working Day means Monday through Friday and including holidays that fall on any of the days Monday through Friday.

Section (II) Certification and Training Requirements (II)(A) General Requirements (II)(A)(1) Any person who conducts asbestos abatement other than abatement performed in a school shall obtain a General Abatement Certificate if the amount of asbestos to be abated exceeds, on any occasion, 260 linear feet on pipes, or 160 square feet on other surfaces, or the volume equivalent of a 55gallon drum. (II)(A)(1)(a) A person certified according to the requirements in paragraph 1 above shall employ at least one state certified supervisor who shall be on-site at all times when asbestos abatement work is proceeding. Asbestos workers must have access to a certified supervisor throughout the duration of the abatement project. (II)(A)(1)(b) The requirements of this subsection shall not apply to any individual who performs asbestos abatement on a single-family dwelling which is his primary residence. (II)(A)(1)(c) General abatement certificate holders shall insure that all asbestos abatement workers and supervisors are certified in accordance with section II (Certification and Training Requirements). (II)(A)(2)(a) With respect to schools, public or commercial buildings, any person who inspects any building for the presence of asbestos shall be certified in accordance with this regulation. (II)(A)(2)(b) With respect to schools, any person who develops an asbestos management plan, supervises asbestos abatement activities, performs asbestos abatement, or designs asbestos abatement projects shall be certified for the specific activity he is engaged in if the amount of asbestos material exceeds, on any occasion, 3 linear feet on pipes, or 3 square feet on other surfaces. (II)(A)(2)(c) With respect to public and commercial buildings, any person who develops an asbestos management plan, supervises asbestos abatement activities, performs asbestos abatement, or designs asbestos abatement projects shall be certified for the specific activity he is engaged in if the amount of asbestos material exceeds, on any occasion, 260 linear feet on pipes, or 160 square feet on other surfaces, or the volume equivalent of a 55gallon drum. (II)(A)(2)(d) The local education agency or its contractor shall ensure that at least one state certified supervisor be on-site at all times when asbestos abatement work is proceeding. Asbestos workers must have access to

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COLORADO certified supervisors throughout the duration of the abatement project. (II)(A)(3) A project manager shall be used on all asbestos abatement projects in public and commercial buildings in which the amount of friable asbestoscontaining material to be abated exceeds 1,000 linear feet on pipes, or 3,000 square feet on other surfaces, unless a waiver is approved by the Division pursuant to paragraph III.C.9. (Asbestos Abatement Project Management and Project Design). (II)(A)(4) A person may hold more than one certification. (II)(A)(5) No person shall commence any activity for which certification is required unless he or she has obtained a certificate for that activity. (II)(A)(5)(a) Each person certified under these regulations must have their state certification photo identification (ID) cards available at each work site so that Division representatives may check their credentials. (II)(A)(5)(b) Each person trained under these regulations must have copies of their training and refresher training certificates available at each work site so that division representatives may check their credentials. (II)(A)(6) Training certificates are considered to be the property of the student. Duplicate original training certificates must be provided upon request of the student. Providers may charge reasonable fees for replacement of these certificates. (II)(B) Training Requirements and Training Course Approval (II)(B)(1) Initial Training The following are the initial training course requirements for persons required to be trained and/or certified. (II)(B)(1)(a) General Abatement Certification No training is required for General Abatement certifications. However, the certificate holder must ensure that it employs at least one Colorado State-certified supervisor who must be on-site at all times when abatement work is proceeding, and the certificate holder must ensure that its abatement workers are state certified. (II)(B)(1)(b) Inspectors, Management Planners, Workers, Supervisors, Project Designers Each person seeking certification as an Inspector, Management Planner, Worker, Supervisor, or Project Designer shall complete Division-approved training. For purposes of state certification, asbestos abatement supervisors include those persons who provide supervision and direction to workers engaged in asbestos abatement. Supervisors may include those individuals with the position title of foreman, working foreman, or lead man pursuant to collective bargaining agreements. At least one supervisor is required to be at the work site at all times while work is in progress. (II)(B)(1)(c) Air Monitoring Specialist Each person responsible for performing air monitoring activities as required by this rule shall, at a minimum,

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COLORADO successfully complete the following training courses before beginning air monitoring on any abatement project: (II)(B)(1)(c)(i) A Division-approved air monitoring specialist course and (II)(B)(1)(c)(ii) A Division approved asbestos abatement supervisor course, asbestos abatement project designer course or inspector/management planner course. State certification in these disciplines is not required. A 4-year college degree in industrial hygiene, a degree in environmental health with a major concentration in industrial hygiene, or the possession of a certified industrial hygienist (CIH) certificate given by the American Board of Industrial Hygiene (ABIH), may be substituted for the above courses. Persons trained in accordance with these requirements must have proof of qualifications with them while performing air sampling activities. Persons performing air sampling in accordance with these regulations must be qualified by education as set forth above. (II)(B)(1)(d) Project Manager Each person responsible for performing project management activities as required by this rule shall satisfy the academic training, experience, and educational requirements as set forth below: (II)(B)(1)(d)(i) Academic Training Each person responsible for performing project management activities as required by this rule shall, at a minimum, successfully complete the following training courses before beginning project management on any abatement project: (II)(B)(1)(d)(i)(A) A Division-approved air monitoring specialist course; and (II)(B)(1)(d)(i)(B) A Division-approved asbestos abatement project design course. State certification as a project designer is required. A 4-year college degree in industrial hygiene, a degree in environmental health with a major concentration in industrial hygiene, or the possession of a certified industrial hygienist (CIH) certificate given by the American Board of Industrial Hygiene (ABIH), may be substituted for the above air monitoring specialist course. Persons trained in accordance with these requirements must have proof of qualifications with them on the project site. (II)(B)(1)(d)(ii) Experience Each person performing project management as required by this rule shall have a minimum of one (1) year of experience supervising, overseeing or monitoring asbestos abatement projects. (II)(B)(1)(d)(iii) Education Each person performing project management as required by this rule shall possess a high school diploma or G.E.D. (II)(B)(2) Examinations The Division shall administer a closed book examination to persons seeking certification who have completed an initial training course. A person seeking certification in a specific discipline shall pass the examination for that discipline to receive certification. For example, a person seeking certification as an inspector must pass the Division's inspector examination. Each examination shall cover the topics included in the training course for that discipline. If a person fails to achieve a passing score on a certification test, he or she must: (II)(B)(2)(a) Submit a new application to the Division and include the payment of a

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COLORADO retesting fee of $25.00; and (II)(B)(2)(b) Provide proof of attendance at a remedial training course, if required by the Division. The person being re-tested shall be given a different form of the examination from that originally given. The testing schedule and procedures shall be determined by the Division. Persons who pass the State examination will receive identification indicating that they are certified in a specific discipline. (II)(B)(3) Refresher Training Courses All persons certified according to this regulation must receive annual refresher training courses from Divisionapproved training course providers. The course requirements for all categories of refresher courses shall be: (II)(B)(3)(a) Length of annual refresher courses Category

Length

Worker

One full day(Eight (8) hours)

Supervisor

One full day (Eight (8) hours)

Project Designer

One full day (Eight (8) hours)

Building Inspector

One half day (Four (4) hours)

Management Planner

One half day* (Four (4) hours) (* Must also attend one half day building inspector course.)

(II)(B)(3)(b) Course content All courses, at a minimum, must cover the following topics: (II)(B)(3)(b)(i) Changes in Federal and State laws, regulations and requirements; (II)(B)(3)(b)(ii) Developments and/or changes in state-of-the-art-procedures; (II)(B)(3)(b)(iii) Review of the key aspects of the course; (II)(B)(3)(b)(iv) Pertinent developments in the particular discipline or the industry as a whole. (II)(B)(3)(c) Testing. Testing of applicants to determine knowledge gained in the refresher course may be done at the option of the course provider. (II)(B)(3)(d) Verification of Training Certificate Authenticity Prior to the commencement of refresher training, the course provider is required to verify the authenticity of the initial training course certificate and all refresher training certificates. Individuals not in possession of a valid training certificate shall not be given refresher training. (II)(B)(4) Course Approval (II)(B)(4)(a) Any person wishing to offer courses in disciplines for which training or certification is required shall apply to the Division for approval, except for the training referenced in paragraph III.C.3.a.(ii). In order for a course to be approved it must adequately address the topics and format

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COLORADO contained in the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Asbestos Model Accreditation Plan (MAP), 40 CFR Part 763 (1994), Subpart E, Appendix C, which is herein incorporated by reference. Materials incorporated by reference are those in existence as of the dates indicated and do not include later amendments. The material incorporated by reference is available for public inspection during regular business hours at the Office of the Commission located at 4300 Cherry Creek Drive South, Denver, Colorado 80222, or may be examined at any State publications depository library. Parties wishing to inspect these materials should contact the Technical Secretary of the Commission, located at the Office of the Commission. The Commission recommends the use of audiovisual materials to complement lectures in these courses, where appropriate. Applicants seeking approval for initial training or refresher training courses shall submit their request to the Division on a form supplied by the Division. (II)(B)(4)(a)(i) After reviewing the application for course approval, the Division shall inform the applicant in writing whether the course is approved for use in Colorado or if changes must be made in the application before approval may be granted. (II)(B)(4)(a)(ii) Once the applicant has been informed that the course is approved, the course is considered to have contingent approval, and the applicant may begin offering courses in the State. Final approval of the course will not be granted until the Division has attended the course and determined that the course meets the requirements of this regulation. (II)(B)(4)(a)(iii) After contingent approval has been granted by the Division, the applicant must make application, if necessary, with the Department of Higher Education, Division of Private Occupation Schools (DHE/DPOS), for approval as an occupational education course. Failure to follow the DHE/DPOS regulations or failure to obtain or retain DHE/DPOS approval may result in the de-certification of the course by the Air Pollution Control Division. (II)(B)(4)(a)(iv) Applicants who wish to offer courses already approved by the Environmental Protection Agency or by a State whose training requirements are at least as stringent as the Commission's and whose asbestos certification program has been approved by EPA shall be granted reciprocity to teach classes in Colorado. The approval granted to such course provider shall be at the same level as that already approved by EPA or another State. The applicant shall be subject to all requirements outlined in this regulation. (II)(B)(4)(b) In the curriculum and course agenda, the applicant must show what portions of the course will be taught by each instructor. (II)(B)(4)(b)(i) The minimum qualifications for instructors shall be: (II)(B)(4)(b)(i)(A) A high school diploma or GED; (II)(B)(4)(b)(i)(B) AHERA training credential and State certification for the discipline being taught by the instructor (variances for out-of-state instructors will be considered on a case-by-case basis): (II)(B)(4)(b)(i)(B)(1) Both the credential and certification must be current (that is,

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COLORADO not expired); (II)(B)(4)(b)(i)(B)(2) Both must be maintained in order to teach classes. (II)(B)(4)(b)(i)(C) Three years of field experience in the discipline being taught. This may be obtained by a combination of any of the following items: (II)(B)(4)(b)(i)(C)(1) Actual field experience in the field being taught; such as, (II)(B)(4)(b)(i)(C)(1)(a) Performing abatement activities as a worker or supervisor, or (II)(B)(4)(b)(i)(C)(1)(b) Performing inspection and/or management planning activities, or (II)(B)(4)(b)(i)(C)(1)(c) Performing project design activities. (II)(B)(4)(b)(i)(C)(2) Teaching in the discipline, under the supervision of a qualified instructor, with one (1) month of teaching equal to one (1) month of experience. (II)(B)(4)(b)(i)(C)(3) Collegiate or seminar-type classes (e.g., NIOSH 582, 7400 courses, etc.) may be substituted for actual field experience using the ratio of one (1) week of training equal to one (1) month of experience. (II)(B)(4)(b)(ii) Documentation of experience claimed or instruction received must be provided by the instructor. This must include submission of a resume with telephone numbers, and references, these are provided to allow for verification by the Division. (II)(B)(4)(b)(iii) All instructors must meet the above requirements at the time of course submission for approval. The Division may grant assistant instructor status to those individuals who do not currently meet all requirements at the time of the course submittal. The individuals may re-apply for approval as full instructors once they have met the requirements. (II)(B)(4)(b)(iv) Subsequent to approval, all instructors hired by the course providers must meet these requirements, and be approved by the Air Pollution Control Division before beginning instruction of courses. (II)(B)(4)(c) The Division may audit any training course given for the purpose of preparing individuals for State certification. Any significant omissions or deficiencies may result in de-certification of the course. Course providers must notify the Division in writing of scheduled courses at least two weeks prior to the offering of the course. Notification of course cancellations must be provided to the Division by 5:00 p.m. the day prior to the course offering. There will be no charge to the Division for auditing a training course. (II)(C) Application Procedures and Fees for Certification (II)(C)(1) An individual applying for certification, renewal of existing certification or reinstatement of expired certification shall submit an application on the form specified by the Division. Falsification of training certificates or licenses used to obtain state certification is considered to be a violation of these regulations, and shall be sufficient reason for the denial of an application for certification, and may result in disciplinary action being taken against an applicant submitting such falsified training certificates or licenses. Further, each applicant shall take an examination administered by the Division,

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COLORADO unless specifically exempted from the exam by subsection II.D. (Reciprocity). (II)(C)(2) Except as provided in subsection II.G. (Denial, Suspension, Revocation or Refusal to Renew Certification), the Division shall renew the certificates of supervisors, inspectors, management planners, project designers and workers, provided the applicant for renewal pays the fee required by this section, demonstrates that the refresher training as required by this regulation has been completed, and has passed the certification test(s) administered by the Division. (II)(C)(3) General abatement certificates will be valid for three years. All other certificates will be valid for one year, three years, or five years. (II)(C)(4) Unless the applicant meets the requirements of paragraph 6 below, certification or renewal of certification shall not be processed or granted until the applicant has paid the applicable fee specified in the fee schedule below. Category

Amount (1 yr. / 3 yr. / 5 yr.)

Renewal Required

Worker

$122.50 / $367.50 / $612.50

Annually

Supervisor

$175.00 / $525.00 / $875.00

Annually

Building inspector

$122.50 / $367.50 / $612.50

Annually

Management planner

$175.00 / $525.00 / $875.00

Annually

Project designer

$175.00 / $525.00 / $875.00

Annually

NA / $525.00 / NA

Every three years

General Abatement Certificate (GAC)

(II)(C)(5) At the request of the applicant, the Division may issue a combined Supervisor/Project Designer, or combined Inspector/Management Planner Certificate. The Division will assess the applicant a fee of $175.00 for a combined one year certification, or $525.00 for a three year, or $875.00 for a five year certification. (II)(C)(6) General abatement certificate holders, trained supervisors, and workers who work on asbestos abatement projects in non-public access areas only shall not be required to pay the fee as required by paragraph 4 of this subsection C. Certificates issued under this section are valid only in areas of non-public access, and are not transferable. (II)(D) Reciprocity (II)(D)(1) An individual who has a valid certificate license or other registration

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COLORADO from another state, District of Columbia or other territory of the United States, or other Division-approved national entity (specifically, the National Asbestos Examinations and Registration System) which has a certification and testing program that has been approved by EPA and which is at least as stringent as the Commission's, shall be issued a like certification by applying to the Division. Those individuals applying under this provision for Colorado certification as a supervisor, or project designer must also successfully complete a Division-administered examination on state laws and regulations related to asbestos abatement before Colorado certification will be issued. After receiving Colorado certification, the applicant shall be subject to all requirements outlined in this regulation regarding training and application for renewal of Colorado certification, including testing requirements. (II)(D)(2) The applicant shall provide documentation to the Division as may be necessary to allow the Division to determine if a reciprocal certificate should be issued. (II)(E) [RESERVED] (II)(F) Exemptions (non-schools) A person shall not be required to have a certified supervisor on-site in the event that an exemption is necessary to prevent endangerment of human health. Any spill response that is necessary shall comply with paragraph III.C.5.b. (Asbestos Spill Response) of these regulations. Any cleanup or asbestos abatement which must occur after the immediate danger has passed shall be supervised by a person certified by the Division. (II)(G) Denial, Suspension, Revocation or Refusal to Renew Certification Although other statutory provisions may apply to the denial, suspension, revocation, or refusal to renew a certification, the procedural requirements reflected in § 25-7-508, C.R.S., generally apply regarding related administrative actions, deadlines, and rights of the permittee and the Division.

Section (III) Project Requirements (III)(A) Applicability Any person performing asbestos abatement, conducting a demolition operation, using asbestos for industry or construction, or handling or disposing of asbestos-containing waste material, shall comply with the applicable portions of section III (Project Requirements), as follows: (III)(A)(1) Subsection III.B. (Notices) applies to asbestos-related projects being conducted in either public or non-public access areas and to all renovation and demolition projects in schools and public and commercial buildings.

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COLORADO (III)(A)(2) Subsection III.C. (General Requirements) applies to asbestosrelated projects being conducted in public access areas. subsections III.C.6. (Renovation and Demolition Projects) and III.C.8. (Handling Waste Material) apply in public access and non-public access areas. (III)(A)(3) If a facility is being demolished under an order of a state or local governmental agency, issued because the facility is structurally unsound and in danger of imminent collapse, only the requirements in paragraph III.B.1. (Notices) and in subparagraph III.C.2.q. (Work Practices in Structurally Unsound Buildings), apply. (III)(A)(4) Subsection III.D. (Asbestos Industry Regulations) applies to the use of asbestos at an asbestos mill, applied on a roadway, used in a commercial manufacturing process, used as insulation, used in fabrication, or as a spray application. (III)(A)(5) The Environmental Protection Agency NESHAP regulations apply in both public access areas and non-public access areas. (III)(B) Notification and Disclosures (III)(B)(1) Notices (III)(B)(1)(a) Any person intending to abate asbestos-containing materials in any amount greater than 260 linear feet on pipes, 160 square feet on other surfaces, or the volume equivalent of one 55-gallon drum, or demolish a facility, shall: (III)(B)(1)(a)(i) On a form supplied by the Division, provide a written notice of the intent to conduct asbestos abatement or demolition. False, inaccurate or misleading information contained in the notice is cause for the Division to revoke a permit issued pursuant to paragraph III.C.1. (Permits) and/or to initiate an enforcement action pursuant to section VI. (Enforcement). Any modification of information of the notification must be made to the Division on the first regular business day preceding the change. (III)(B)(1)(a)(ii) Postmark or deliver the notice at least 10 working days before commencing an abatement project or demolition, except as provided in subparagraphs b., c., and d. of this section. Any fees required under paragraph III.B.1. (Notices) or III.C.1. (Permits) must accompany the notice for the notice to be accepted by the Division. Fees for large contiguous facility complexes shall be paid in accordance with (iv) below. (III)(B)(1)(a)(iii) If the project is not one for which an air pollution permit is required pursuant to paragraph III.C.1. (Permits), then submit to the Division a processing fee of $55.00 for each notice. For abatement projects that occur in non-public access areas, the Division may charge the person submitting this notice a fee for site inspections and any necessary monitoring for compliance with applicable sections of this regulation. The fee shall be assessed at a rate of $55.00 per hour.

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COLORADO (III)(B)(1)(a)(iv) For large contiguous facility complexes, if the project is not one for which an air pollution permit is required pursuant to III.C.1. (Permits), submit to the Division an annual fee in the amount of $55.00 per abatement project that will be undertaken that year. If over the course of the year should more than the anticipated number of projects occur then pay the Division an additional $55.00 per notice. At the end of one year the Division will refund fees for projects that have not been performed, less a $55.00 processing fee. (III)(B)(1)(a)(v) For asbestos abatement projects that require an air pollution permit, comply with the requirements of paragraph III.C.1. (Permits). (III)(B)(1)(b) In the event of an emergency in which asbestos abatement work must commence at once, the Division and the appropriate county health department shall be notified immediately by fax or telephone. The General Abatement Certificate holder or building owner must submit a written notification on a form supplied by the Division at the start of the next regular State business day after commencing the emergency abatement. The application shall be accompanied by a written explanation of the events surrounding the emergency and signed by both the building owner and the abatement contractor. If the emergency occurs during non-business hours, the Division and the appropriate county health department shall be notified by telephone on the morning of the next regular State business day. (III)(B)(1)(c) In the event of an unexpected discovery of asbestos-containing materials behind a wall, above a ceiling, beneath a floor or otherwise hidden in such a way as to preclude access to it without damaging part of the structure, the General Abatement Certificate holder or building owner shall notify the Division by the end of the next regular State business day after the unexpected discovery. Should abatement be necessary, the normal 10-day notification requirement may be waived. (III)(B)(1)(d) For facilities that are declared structurally unsound and in danger of imminent collapse by an authorized State or local governmental representative, as described in paragraph III.A.3. (Structurally Unsound Buildings), the General Abatement Certificate holder, demolition contractor, or building owner shall notify the Division as early as possible before demolition begins if the operation is as described in paragraph III.A.3. (Structurally Unsound Buildings). The notification shall contain the name, title, and authority of the State or local governmental representative who has ordered the demolition. (III)(B)(2) Disclosures The requirements of paragraph III.B.1. (i) through (iv) shall not apply to asbestos abatement projects in a single family residential dwelling; however, asbestos abatement contractors performing abatement in a single family residential dwelling must submit, on a form supplied by the Division, information regarding the certification of individuals conducting the abatement, the waste handling and disposal procedures, and the name of the air monitoring specialist if air monitoring is performed.

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COLORADO (III)(C) General Requirements (III)(C)(1) Permits (III)(C)(1)(a) Permit Applications (III)(C)(1)(a)(i) No person shall commence an abatement project in which the amount of friable ACM exceeds 260 linear feet on pipes, 160 square feet on other surfaces, or the volume equivalent of one 55-gallon drum in a public access area without first obtaining an air pollution permit from the Division. Only the GAC holder in whose name the permit is issued may conduct the abatement project. (III)(C)(1)(a)(ii) Permit fees for large contiguous facility complexes shall be paid annually to the Division in the amount of $825.00 plus $55.00 for each anticipated project. This fee must accompany the permit application for the application to be accepted. At the end of the permit year, the Division will refund fees for projects that have not been conducted, less a $55.00 processing fee. (III)(C)(1)(a)(iii) For any project other than those on large contiguous facility complexes, the permittee shall be assessed a fee for the air pollution permit. The fee must accompany each permit application. The fee schedule is as follows: Project Length

Fee

1 - 30 days

$275.00

31 - 90 days

$550.00

91 - 365 days

$825.00

Any inspections in excess of one for a 30-day permit, two for a 90-day permit, or three for a one-year permit will be assessed at a rate of $55.00 per hour. (III)(C)(1)(a)(iv) Permits are valid for a maximum of one year. A new permit must be obtained for projects lasting longer than one year. (III)(C)(1)(b) Permit/Project Modifications Whenever there is a modification in the project, the permittee must notify the Division and the local county health department (as designated by the Division) in writing. A project modification occurs when there is a change in the scope of work, the scheduled work dates or times, or the project manager. (III)(C)(1)(c) Multiple-Phase Projects Buildings owned by the same person, which are at different locations, must be permitted separately. Buildings owned by the same person, which are at the same location, can be covered by one multiple-phase permit. When applying for a permit for abatement to be performed in more than one building or in more than one area within a single building, the applicant shall provide, on a form supplied by the Division, additional information regarding the multiple-phase project. Whenever there is a change in any of the information provided on the form, a new form shall

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COLORADO be submitted to the Division that: (III)(C)(1)(c)(i) Indicates clearly which phases of the project have changed and, (III)(C)(1)(c)(ii) Is postmarked or delivered to the Division at least 10 working days before the start of any phase having a change in its starting date. (III)(C)(1)(c)(iii) Additional phases may be added after the start of a multi-phase project by the submission of a new application covering the additional phase or phases 10 working days prior to the start of the first additional phase. There is a $55.00 fee for each additional phase after the initial permit approval. (III)(C)(1)(d) The original of the air pollution permit shall be posted in a visible location at the work site at all times. (III)(C)(1)(e) Air pollution permits are not required for asbestos abatement projects in single family residential dwellings. (III)(C)(1)(f) Should a GAC holder wish to transfer an air pollution permit to another GAC holder, the GAC holder who will perform the abatement project must submit a new permit application and pay the Division a $40.00 processing fee. (III)(C)(1)(g) No permit to conduct asbestos abatement shall be issued to a person who has failed to pay a Division assessed penalty for violating any provision of this Regulation No. 8 or to any person who has otherwise failed to comply with any order of the Division, unless the penalty or order is under appeal before the Air Quality Control Commission. (III)(C)(1)(h) Permits issued on projects requiring project managers shall not be valid until the original copy of the permit is signed by the project manager. (III)(C)(2) Asbestos Abatement Work Practices Persons abating asbestos in an amount greater than 260 linear feet on pipes, 160 square feet on other surfaces, or the volume equivalent of one 55-gallon drum in an area of public access shall comply with the requirements of this paragraph 2. (III)(C)(2)(a) Containment-All openings between the work area and clean areas including, but not limited to, windows, doorways, elevator openings, corridor entrances, drains, ducts, grills, grates, diffusers and skylights shall be sealed with a minimum of one layer of 6-mil polyethylene sheeting. Polyethylene sheeting shall be used in the construction of containment barriers in order to isolate the work area during abatement projects. Spray poly may be substituted for polyethylene sheeting. Negative pressure air filtration units equipped with HEPA filters shall be operated continuously from the time of barrier construction through the time that acceptable final air clearance monitoring results are obtained in accordance with subparagraph III.C.7.a. (Clearing Abatement Projects). These units shall exhaust filtered air to the outside of the building when the length of exhaust duct required to do so does not overburden the negative air units. If air must be exhausted to the interior of the building, air samples must be taken and analyzed by PCM or any equivalent method approved by the

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COLORADO Division at least every day and meet the requirements of subparagraph III.C.7.b. (Maximum Allowable Asbestos Level) to ensure that there is no breach in the filtering system. In the event that the maximum allowable asbestos level is exceeded, all of the requirements of paragraph III.C.5. (Asbestos Spill Response) must be met. Polyethylene sheeting shall be used in thicknesses and number of layers as specified in clauses (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) below, and shall be used to seal all windows, doors, ventilation systems, and wall penetrations, and to cover ceilings, walls, and floors in the work area. Duct tape or spray adhesive shall be used to seal the edges of the plastic and to seal any holes in the plastic enclosure. Polyethylene sheeting shall be attached using any combination of duct tape or other waterproof tape, furring strips, spray glue, staples, nails, screws or other effective materials capable of sealing adjacent sheets of polyethylene and capable of sealing polyethylene to dissimilar finished or unfinished surfaces under both wet and dry conditions. A clear view port with a minimum size of 12" x 12" shall be installed to allow a view of the interior of the work area. If a view port can not be installed, an explanation shall be made on the notification and permit application form stating that it will not be installed and the reason why. (III)(C)(2)(a)(i) Laying Polyethylene on Floors-At a minimum, floors shall be covered with sheeting consisting of two (2) layers of six (6) mil polyethylene sheeting, unless spray poly is used. Floor sheeting shall extend up sidewalls at least twelve (12) inches and be sized to minimize seams. No seams shall be located along wall/floor joints. (III)(C)(2)(a)(ii) Hanging Polyethylene on Walls-At a minimum, walls shall be covered with sheeting that shall consist of two (2) layers of four (4) mil or thicker polyethylene, unless spray poly is used. It shall be installed to minimize seams and shall extend beyond wall/floor joints at least twelve (12) inches. No seams shall be located along wall/wall joints. (III)(C)(2)(a)(iii) Placing Polyethylene on Other Areas At a minimum, all fixed objects in the work area shall be covered with one (1) layer of six (6) mil polyethylene sheeting, secured in place. (III)(C)(2)(a)(iv) Hanging Polyethylene Sheeting on Ceilings If a containment area has a ceiling that will not be abated as part of the abatement work, at a minimum, the ceiling shall be covered with sheeting that shall consist of one (1) layer of four (4) mil or thicker polyethylene, unless spray poly is used. It shall be installed to minimize seams and shall extend beyond wall/ceiling joints at least twelve (12) inches. No seams shall be located along wall/ceiling joints. (III)(C)(2)(b) Decontamination Unit (III)(C)(2)(b)(i) Construction A decontamination unit shall be constructed to provide employees with a facility to be used to decontaminate asbestosexposed workers and equipment before such workers and equipment leave the work area. The decontamination unit shall consist of the following

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COLORADO three stages which shall be separated by staggered flaps or an equivalent system of barriers that will self close should negative air pressure fail: (III)(C)(2)(b)(i)(A) A Clean Change Room The clean room shall be sized to accommodate the clothes and equipment of the work crew. Clean work clothes, clean disposable clothing, replacement filters for respirators, towels and other necessary items shall be provided in the clean room. No asbestoscontaminated items may enter this room. Workers shall use this area to suit up, store street clothes, and don respiratory protection on their way to the work area, and to dress in clean clothes after showering. (III)(C)(2)(b)(i)(B) A Shower-Except for small-scale abatement projects where glovebag methods or mini enclosure methods are used, a portable shower shall be used to permit the employees to clean themselves after exposure to asbestos. Each shower head shall be supplied with hot and cold water adjustable at the tap, and a drain equipped with a filtration system to filter asbestos from the shower waste water to a fiber size of five (5) microns prior to discharging the waste water into a sanitary sewer. The shower room shall contain one or more showers to accommodate workers. The shower enclosure shall be constructed to ensure against leakage of any kind and shall be kept clean of all debris and ACWM at all times. (III)(C)(2)(b)(i)(C) Equipment (Dirty) Room The equipment room shall be used for storage of equipment and tools at the end of a shift after decontamination using a HEPA filtered vacuum or wet cleaning techniques. A labeled six (6) mil polyethylene bag for collection of disposable clothing shall be located in this room. Contaminated footwear shall be stored in this area for reuse. (III)(C)(2)(b)(ii) Entry and Exit The following procedures shall be used for workplace entry and exit unless there is an emergency situation immediately dangerous to life or health: (III)(C)(2)(b)(ii)(A) All personnel and authorized visitors shall enter and exit the work area through the worker decontamination unit and not the waste loadout. (III)(C)(2)(b)(ii)(B) All personnel shall don disposable coveralls, head covering and foot covering prior to entering the work area. (III)(C)(2)(b)(ii)(C) Before leaving the work area, all personnel shall remove gross contamination from the outside of respirators and dispose of protective clothing in containers labeled for disposal in accordance with subparagraph III.C.8.b. (Labeling). Personnel shall proceed to the shower area and then shower and shampoo to remove residual asbestos contamination. After showering, personnel shall proceed to the clean room. (III)(C)(2)(c) HEPA Vacuuming All vacuuming of contaminated surfaces shall be done with a HEPA filter-equipped vacuum. (III)(C)(2)(d) Wet Wiping Wet wiping of contaminated surfaces prior to disassembly of containment barriers shall be done using rags and a bucket of clean or amended water.

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COLORADO (III)(C)(2)(e) Pre-Cleaning of Surfaces Pre-cleaning of surfaces contaminated with visible dust or debris shall be conducted prior to the commencement of any abatement project. The following procedures shall be conducted in the order in which they appear: (III)(C)(2)(e)(1) erect critical barriers, establish a negative pressure differential between the work area and surrounding area, and construct the decontamination unit, (III)(C)(2)(e)(2) HEPA-vacuum or wet wipe all surfaces contaminated with visible dust or debris. All movable objects shall be cleaned of dust and debris by HEPA vacuum or wet wiped before removal from the work area; (III)(C)(2)(e)(3) dispose of all dust and debris, filters, mop heads and other contaminated waste as ACWM pursuant to paragraph III.C.8.(Handling Waste Material). Pre-cleaning of dirt floors shall be conducted in accordance with subparagraph III.C.3.b. (Asbestos-Contaminated Soil). (III)(C)(2)(f) Glovebags Glovebag removal methods shall only be allowed where the glovebag can be installed such that it completely surrounds the ACM to be removed without causing a fiber release. (III)(C)(2)(f)(i) Glovebags shall be at least 6 mil polyethylene in thickness and shall be seamless at the bottom. (III)(C)(2)(f)(ii) Glovebags shall not be used in situations where the glovebag could come into contact with surfaces that exceed 1500 Fahrenheit. (III)(C)(2)(f)(iii) Glovebags may be used only once and may not be moved. (III)(C)(2)(f)(iii)(iv) For glovebag removals the abatement contractor shall: (III)(C)(2)(f)(iii)(iv)(A) erect secondary containment barriers where the amount of ACM to be removed in a functional space exceeds three (3) linear or three (3) square feet. In the event of a spill or a breach of the glovebag, the entire area enclosed by the secondary containment shall be cleaned utilizing HEPA vacuuming and wet wiping with all debris, filters, mop heads, and cloths disposed of as ACWM in leak tight containers. (III)(C)(2)(f)(iii)(iv)(B) tape or otherwise seal the glovebag to the area from which asbestos is to be removed. Glovebags shall be smoke tested for leaks and any leaks sealed prior to use. (III)(C)(2)(f)(iii)(iv)(C) adequately wet, then remove, the asbestos material from the surface. (III)(C)(2)(f)(iii)(iv)(D) adequately wet any asbestos material that has fallen from the surface into the enclosed bag using an airless sprayer and amended water, or other materials or equipment equally effective in wetting. (III)(C)(2)(f)(iii)(iv)(E) thoroughly clean and wet wipe the surface until no traces of asbestos material can be seen. (III)(C)(2)(f)(iii)(iv)(F) encapsulate the rough edges of any asbestos-containing materials that will remain on the surface after the glovebag has been removed. This shall be done prior to the removal of the glovebag. (III)(C)(2)(f)(iii)(iv)(G) evacuate the air from the glovebag using a HEPA filterequipped vacuum prior to removing the glovebag. (III)(C)(2)(f)(iii)(iv)(H) ensure that the final visual inspection and clearance air

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COLORADO monitoring requirements of subparagraph III.C.7.a. (Clearing Abatement Projects) are met. (III)(C)(2)(f)(iii)(iv)(I) handle and dispose of all waste materials as required in paragraph III.C.8. (Handling Waste Material). (III)(C)(2)(g) Airless Sprayers Airless sprayers shall be used when applying amended water or encapsulant to asbestos-containing materials. (III)(C)(2)(h) Manometer/Pressure Gauge/Smoke Tube A manometer or pressure gauge shall be set up on the outside of the containment area so that the pressure differential between the work area and the clean area may be determined. At all times the differential of the work area to the clean area shall be, at a minimum, -0.02 inches of water and shall be recorded using a strip chart recorder or its equivalent. In addition, smoke tubes shall be readily available on the outside of the containment barriers at all times so that air flow direction may be determined. At all times air flow direction shall be from the exterior of the containment barriers into the interior of the containment barriers. (III)(C)(2)(i) Wetting Amended water shall be used to adequately wet asbestoscontaining materials before removal is attempted. All waste shall be kept adequately wet with amended water until bagged for disposal. Surfactants must be a commercially available product specifically designed to be mixed with water for use in wetting of asbestos containing materials. (III)(C)(2)(j) Disposal Containers Disposal containers shall be leak tight and water proof when sealed. Disposable bags shall be at least six (6) mils polyethylene. (III)(C)(2)(k) Encapsulants When spray-applying encapsulants they shall be applied using only airless spray equipment with nozzle pressure adjustable between four hundred (400) and fifteen hundred (1500) PSI and in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations for the particular encapsulant. (III)(C)(2)(l) Coveralls To prevent contamination from leaving the work area, disposable coveralls in sizes adequate to accommodate movement without tearing shall be worn by all personnel entering the work area. The coveralls (Tyvek® or other material equally effective in preventing gross ACM from contacting the persons' bodies) shall include head and foot covers (unless head and foot covers are provided separately). (III)(C)(2)(m) Enclosures If enclosure is chosen as the abatement technique, a solid structure (airtight walls and ceilings) shall be built around the facility component to prevent the release of ACM into the area beyond the enclosure and to prevent disturbance of ACM by casual contact during future maintenance operations. A containment barrier need not be erected when constructing an enclosure provided that the ACM will not be disturbed during the building of the enclosure. Such a permanent (i.e., for the life of the building) enclosure shall be built of new construction materials and shall be impact resistant and airtight. Before constructing the enclosure, the person conducting the asbestos abatement shall move all active electrical conduits,

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COLORADO telephone lines, recessed lights, and pipes out of the area to be enclosed in order to ensure that the enclosure will not have to be reopened later for routine or emergency maintenance. The master floor plans shall indicate the exact location and condition of the enclosed asbestos and this plan shall be kept in a separate asbestos file with the building superintendent or engineer. (III)(C)(2)(n) Removing Facility Components Only those facility components in which the ACM is well adhered to the component may be taken out of the facility as units or in sections and be exempt from the containment requirements in III.C.2. (Asbestos Abatement Work Practices) provided that the abatement contractor: (III)(C)(2)(n)(i) Adequately wet the facility component pursuant to III.C.2.i. (Wetting) then wrap the facility component in six (6) mil polyethylene prior to removing the facility component; and (III)(C)(2)(n)(ii) Ensure that the abatement project is cleared as required in subparagraph III.C.7.a. (Clearing Abatement Projects) and that the ACWM is disposed of as required in paragraph III.C.8. (Handling Waste Material). NOTE: The use of a secondary containment to facilitate the required air clearance monitoring is recommended, but not required. (III)(C)(2)(n)(iii) Once the components are taken out of the facility, if the components are to be stripped, comply with sections I (Definitions), II (Certification and Training Requirements) and III (Project Requirements). (III)(C)(2)(o) Removal of Elevated Friable Asbestos For friable asbestos materials that have been removed or stripped: (III)(C)(2)(o)(i) Adequately wet the materials to ensure that they remain wet until they are collected for disposal in accordance with subparagraph III.C.8.a. (Packaging), and (III)(C)(2)(o)(ii) Carefully lower the packaged ACM to the ground or a lower floor, not dropping, throwing, sliding, or otherwise damaging or disturbing the ACM; and (III)(C)(2)(o)(iii) Transport the materials to the ground via dust-tight chutes or containers if they have been removed or stripped more than 50 feet above ground level and were not removed as units or in sections. (III)(C)(2)(o)(iv) Comply with the requirements of section III. (Project Requirements). (III)(C)(2)(p) Cold Temperature Wetting When the temperature at the point of wetting is below 00C (320F): (III)(C)(2)(p)(i) The abatement contractor shall apply for a variance from the Division in accordance with the requirements of paragraph III.C.4. (Alternative Procedures and Variances); or (III)(C)(2)(p)(ii) Remove facility components coated or covered with friable asbestos materials as units or in sections in accordance with subparagraph III.C.2.n. (Removing of Facility Components). (III)(C)(2)(p)(iii) Comply with the requirements of section III. (Project Requirements). (III)(C)(2)(q) Work Practices in Structurally Unsound Buildings For

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COLORADO facilities described in paragraph III.A.3., the Division may suspend any abatement work practice requirements, the implementation of which may endanger personnel who will be removing asbestos from the facility. The abatement contractor shall apply for a variance from the Division in accordance with the requirements of paragraph III.C.4. (Alternative Procedures and Variances). During wrecking operations, that portion of the facility that contains friable asbestos material must be kept adequately wet commencing from prior to the demolition through delivery of the demolition debris to a landfill that will accept friable ACM. (III)(C)(2)(r) Air Cleaning (III)(C)(2)(r)(i) The abatement contractor who is required to use air cleaning shall: (III)(C)(2)(r)(i)(A) Use a HEPA filter to clean the air, except as noted in subclause r.(i)(B), below. (III)(C)(2)(r)(i)(B) Properly install, use, operate, and maintain all air-cleaning equipment authorized by this subparagraph r. (Air Cleaning). Bypass devices may be used only during upset or emergency conditions and then only for so long as it takes to shut down the operation generating the particulate asbestos material. (III)(C)(2)(r)(i)(C) Maintain sufficient air cleaning equipment in operation at all times to ensure that the air within the work area is exchanged a minimum of four times per hour. (III)(C)(2)(r)(ii) These are the following exceptions to subclause III.C.2.r.(i)(A): (III)(C)(2)(r)(ii)(A) If the use of a filter creates a fire or explosion hazard, the Division may authorize as a substitute the use of wet collectors designed to operate with a unit contacting energy of at least 9.95 kilopascals (40 inches of water gauge pressure). (III)(C)(2)(r)(ii)(B) The Division may authorize the use of filtering equipment other than HEPA filters if it has been previously approved by EPA and if it can be demonstrated to the Division's satisfaction that it is equivalent to the described equipment in filtering particulate asbestos material. (III)(C)(2)(s) Waste Load-out Area All containments shall be constructed to include a waste load-out area. This area shall be separate from the decontamination unit and shall be used as a temporary storage area for bagged waste and as a port for transferring waste to the transport vehicle. All waste load-out areas must have a minimum of two separate chambers separated by air locks. (III)(C)(3) Special Projects (III)(C)(3)(a) Resilient Floor Tile and Sheet Vinyl Flooring (III)(C)(3)(a)(i) Pursuant to paragraph III.B.1. (Notices), the person conducting the project must notify the Division of the intent to demolish, renovate, or perform asbestos abatement in any building, structure, facility or installation, or any portion thereof, which contains asbestos in any amount that exceeds 160 square feet or the volume equivalent of one 55-gallon drum whether friable or not.

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COLORADO (III)(C)(3)(a)(ii) Resilient floor tile, sheet vinyl flooring, and associated flooring adhesive which contain asbestos, are non-friable unless the material is damaged to the extent that when dry it can be crumbled, pulverized or reduced to powder by hand pressure. If a person grinds, mechanically chips, drills, sands, beadblasts, sandblasts, mechanically powders the material or otherwise damages such material to render it friable, and the amount of the material exceeds 160 square feet, then sections I (Definitions), II (Certification and Training Requirements) and III (Project Requirements) apply. The requirements of section II, section III, paragraphs C.1. (Permits), C.2. (Asbestos Abatement Work Practices) and C.7. (Measuring Asbestos Levels) do not apply if the material is removed and disposed of as provided by Appendix B (Recommended Work Practices for the Removal of Resilient Floor Coverings) to this regulation. If utilizing the work practices set forth in Appendix B for the removal of sheet vinyl flooring, any workers removing the flooring must have successfully completed an 8-hour employee training course which meets the training requirements for flooring workers set forth in Appendix C (Training Course Outline) to this regulation; furthermore, persons supervising the removal of sheet vinyl flooring materials must have successfully completed the 8-hour employee training course and an additional training course for supervisors which meets the training requirements for flooring supervisors set forth in Appendix C to this regulation. (III)(C)(3)(b) Asbestos-Contaminated Soil Any soil containing visible friable asbestos material or any soil with greater than 1% friable asbestos content in the top 1" of soil is, for the purposes of this section, asbestos-contaminated soil. Where the surface area of the asbestos-contaminated soil exceeds 160 square feet, or the volume of contaminated soil to be removed exceeds the volume equivalent of a 55-gallon drum, the General Abatement Certificate Holder and the building owner shall comply with all of the requirements in paragraph III.C.5. (Asbestos Spill Response), and shall remove gross, visible surface debris, and either remove the top 2" of soil, or seal the area with concrete or other impenetrable material. (III)(C)(3)(c) Asphaltic Materials (III)(C)(3)(c)(i) Roofing Materials Tar impregnated roofing felts, asphalt tiles, asphalts and mastics that are non-friable and will remain non-friable during abatement are exempt from this regulation. (III)(C)(3)(c)(ii) Pipe Coatings Asphaltic pipeline coatings that are non-friable and will remain non-friable during abatement are exempt from this regulation. (III)(C)(3)(d) Asbestos Cement Products Transite roofing shingles, transite siding and other asbestos cement products that remain non-friable during removal are subject to the requirements of paragraph III.B.1. (Notices). The transite roofing shingles, transite siding, or other asbestos cement products must be removed in accordance with subparagraph e. below. If the transite roofing shingles, siding, other asbestos cement products become friable

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COLORADO during removal, then sections I (Definitions), II (Certification and Training Requirements), and III (Project Requirements) apply. (III)(C)(3)(e) Disposal and Work Practices for the Removal of Non-Friable Asbestos Containing Materials: (III)(C)(3)(e)(i) Adequately wet the surface areas of the non-friable ACM to prevent dust emissions throughout the removal process. (III)(C)(3)(e)(ii) Remove the materials using hand removal methods or power tools that do not subject the material to cutting, grinding, sanding, beadblasting, sandblasting, or otherwise damage the material in such a way as to render it friable. (III)(C)(3)(e)(iii) Remove the material carefully with minimal breakage and disturbance. (III)(C)(3)(e)(iv) If the non-friable material is to be disposed of, then it must be transported to the landfill that will accept non-friable ACM. The landfill must be contacted prior to disposal to ensure that the non-friable ACM is transported and packaged in accordance with the landfill's specific policy or regulation. If the materials have been rendered friable, they must be disposed of as friable asbestos containing waste materials pursuant to paragraph III.C.8. (Handling Waste Material). (III)(C)(4) Alternative Procedures and Variances The Division may, at its discretion, grant a variance from this Regulation allowing use of an alternative procedure for the clearance of abatement projects or the control of emissions from an asbestos abatement project provided that the person conducting the asbestos abatement submits the alternative procedure in writing to the Division and demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Division that compliance with the regulation is not practical and feasible or that the proposed alternative procedures provide equivalent control of asbestos. Within sixty (60) days of the receipt of the request the Division shall notify the applicant in writing of its decision to either grant or deny the variance except that if the request is to utilize an alternative procedure previously evaluated by the Division the variance shall be granted or denied within (10) ten days. No person shall begin abatement using such a procedure until a variance has been requested and approved. Any violation of the conditions of the variance will be considered a violation of this Regulation. (III)(C)(5) Asbestos Spill Response The following procedures apply to any release of asbestos fibers due to a breach of the containment barrier on an abatement project, or due to any cause other than abatement of asbestos. (III)(C)(5)(a) Non-mandatory Work Practices for Minor Fiber Release Episodes in Non-school Buildings/Facilities. For fiber releases in schools, see section IV (School Requirements). In the event of an asbestos spill involving less than 260 linear feet on pipes, 160 square feet on other surfaces, or the volume equivalent of one 55-gallon drum, the building owner or contractor should:

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COLORADO (III)(C)(5)(a)(i) Restrict entry to the area and post warning signs to prevent entry to the area by persons other than those necessary to respond to the incident. (III)(C)(5)(a)(ii) Shut off or temporarily modify the air handling system to prevent the distribution of fibers to other areas in the building. (III)(C)(5)(a)(iii) Seal all openings between the contaminated and uncontaminated areas. This is to be accomplished by using polyethylene sheeting to cover all areas such as windows, doorways, elevator openings, corridor entrances, drains, grills, grates, diffusers and skylights. (III)(C)(5)(a)(iv) HEPA vacuum or steam clean all carpets, draperies, upholstery and other non-clothing fabrics in the contaminated area, or discard all contaminated materials in accordance with paragraph III.C.8. (Handling Waste Material). (III)(C)(5)(a)(v) Launder or discard contaminated clothing in accordance with paragraph III.C.8. (Handling Waste Material). (III)(C)(5)(a)(vi) HEPA vacuum or wet clean all non-fabric surfaces in the contaminated area. (III)(C)(5)(a)(vii) Following completion of clauses (i) through (vi) above, conduct air monitoring as described in paragraph III.C.7. (Measuring Asbestos Levels); air samples shall be collected aggressively as described in 40 CFR Part 763, Appendix A to Subpart E (EPA 1995), which is herein incorporated by reference (incorporation of materials is discussed in section I.A. of this regulation), except that the air stream of the leaf blower shall not be directed at any friable ACM that remains in the work area. (III)(C)(5)(b) Requirements for Major Asbestos Spills in Non-school Buildings/Facilities In the event of an asbestos spill involving greater than 260 linear feet on pipes, 160 square feet on other surfaces, or the volume equivalent of one 55-gallon drum, the building owner or contractor shall: (III)(C)(5)(b)(i) Restrict access to the area and post warning signs to prevent entry to the area by persons other than those necessary to respond to the incident. (III)(C)(5)(b)(ii) Shut off or temporarily modify the air handling system to prevent the distribution of asbestos fibers to other areas. (III)(C)(5)(b)(iii) Immediately contact the Division by telephone, submit a notification in compliance with paragraph III.B.1. (Notices) and, if in an area of public access, apply for a permit in accordance with subsection III.C. (Requirements in Public Access Areas). (III)(C)(5)(b)(iv) Using certified supervisors and certified workers in accordance with section II of this Regulation, seal all openings between the contaminated and uncontaminated areas and establish negative air pressure within the contaminated area. This is to be accomplished using polyethylene sheeting to cover areas such as doorways, windows, elevator openings, corridor entrances, grills, drains, grates, diffusers and skylights. (III)(C)(5)(b)(v) HEPA vacuum or steam clean all carpets, drapes, upholstery, and other non-clothing fabrics in the contaminated area, or discard these materials. (III)(C)(5)(b)(vi) Launder or discard contaminated clothing.

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COLORADO (III)(C)(5)(b)(vii) HEPA vacuum or wet clean all surfaces in the contaminated area. (III)(C)(5)(b)(viii) Discard all materials in accordance with paragraph III.C.8. (Handling Waste Material). (III)(C)(5)(b)(ix) Following completion of clauses (i) through (viii) above, comply with air monitoring requirements as described in subparagraph III.C.7.a. (Clearing Abatement Projects); air samples shall be collected aggressively as described in 40 CFR. Part 763, Appendix A to Subpart E (EPA 1995), which is herein incorporated by reference (incorporation of materials is discussed in section I.A. of this regulation), except that the air stream of the leaf blower shall not be directed at any friable ACM that remains in the area. (III)(C)(5)(b)(x) Comply with any other measures deemed necessary by the Division to protect public health. (III)(C)(6) Renovation and Demolition Projects (III)(C)(6)(a) Any asbestos-containing material that is friable or will be made friable during demolition activities must be removed prior to demolition. (III)(C)(6)(b) Prior to any renovation or demolition in any public and commercial building which may disturb 260 linear feet of material on pipes, 160 square feet of material on other surfaces, or the volume equivalent of one 55-gallon drum of material identified as a suspect asbestos-containing material pursuant to the EPA "Green Book", Managing Asbestos in Place, Appendix G (1990), which is herein incorporated by reference (incorporation of materials by reference is discussed in section I.A. of this regulation), the facility component(s) to be affected by the renovation or demolition shall be inspected. (III)(C)(6)(b)(i) The inspection, sampling and assessments of the suspect materials must be performed to the standards given in paragraph IV.C.1. (Inspection), subsections IV.D. (Sampling) and IV.F. (Assessment) of this regulation. (III)(C)(6)(b)(ii) The analysis of samples collected during these inspections must be performed to the standards given in subsection IV.E. (Analysis) of this regulation with one exception: if the asbestos content of a sample of friable asbestos is estimated to be 1% asbestos or less, but greater than 0%, by a method other than point counting (such as visual estimation) the determination shall be repeated using the point counting technique with polarized light microscopy. If a result obtained by point count is different from a result obtained by visual estimation, the point count result must be used. Tar impregnated samples do not have to be point counted. (III)(C)(6)(b)(iii) Buildings, or those portions thereof, that were constructed after October 12, 1988 shall be exempt from this inspection requirement if an architect or project engineer responsible for the construction of the building, or a state certified inspector, signs a statement that no ACM was specified as a building material in any construction document for the building or no ACM was used as a building material in the building.

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COLORADO NOTE: The Division recommends that all buildings be inspected prior to any renovation or demolition activities, regardless of the date of construction. (III)(C)(6)(b)(iv) Persons performing these inspections shall be building inspectors certified in accordance with this regulation. (III)(C)(6)(b)(v) To prevent any real or potential conflicts of interest, building inspectors identifying ACM must be independent of the abatement contractor and not receive payment from the contractor that will subsequently abate the ACM identified. Inspectors need not be independent of the abatement contractor if both the inspector and the licensed abatement contractor are employees of the building owner. (III)(C)(7) Measuring Asbestos Levels (III)(C)(7)(a) Clearing Abatement Projects This section applies only to nonschool buildings in public access areas where the amount of asbestoscontaining material which has been abated is greater than 260 linear feet on pipes, 160 square feet on other surfaces, or the volume equivalent of one 55gallon drum. For clearance requirements in school buildings, see paragraph IV.G.9. (Completion of Response Actions). The General Abatement Certificate holder, air monitoring specialist, and the building owner shall ensure that all abatement projects are completed as described below. (III)(C)(7)(a)(i) At the conclusion of any abatement action and with only critical barriers still in place, an air monitoring specialist, who is independent of the abatement contractor, shall visually inspect each work area where such action was conducted, and behind the critical barriers, to determine whether all dust and debris has been removed. If any such dust or debris is found, the area shall be re-cleaned until no dust or debris is found. If a critical barrier is removed for cleaning purposes, the area behind the critical barrier shall be cleaned and the critical barrier immediately replaced. Once the area has passed a final visual inspection and no dust or debris has been found, the air monitoring specialist shall collect air samples as follows: (III)(C)(7)(a)(I)(A) The air monitoring specialist shall collect air samples using aggressive sampling as described in 40 CFR Part 763, Appendix A to Subpart E (EPA 1995), which is herein incorporated by reference (incorporation of materials is discussed in section I.A. of this regulation), to monitor air for clearance after each abatement project; except that fans and leaf blowers shall not be directed toward any known friable ACM remaining in the work area. (III)(C)(7)(a)(I)(B) The air samples collected under this paragraph 7. shall be analyzed for asbestos, using laboratories accredited by the National Institute of Standards and Technology to conduct such analysis using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or, under circumstances permitted in this paragraph 7., laboratories showing successful participation in the American Industrial Hygiene Association Proficiency Analytical Testing (PAT) Program for phase contrast microscopy (PCM). (III)(C)(7)(a)(I)(C) Whenever on-site satellite labs are used for PCM analysis for

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COLORADO final clearance purposes, all persons conducting said analysis shall be properly trained pursuant to section II.B.1.c. (Training Requirements for Air Monitoring Specialists) and shall follow all quality control and quality assurance guidelines as set forth in the NIOSH Method 7400 entitled "Fibers" published in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 3rd Edition, second supplement, August 1987, which is herein incorporated by reference (incorporation of materials is discussed in section I.A. of this regulation). Satellite labs must be directly under the control of properly accredited laboratories pursuant to the requirements set forth in subclause (B) above. (III)(C)(7)(a)(ii) Except as provided in clause (iv) of this subparagraph a., an abatement action shall be considered complete when the average concentration of asbestos of five air samples collected within the abatement work area and analyzed by the TEM method in 40 CFR Part 763, Appendix A to Subpart E (EPA 1995), which is herein incorporated by reference (incorporation of materials is discussed in section I.A. of this regulation), is not statistically significantly different, as determined by the Z-test calculation as found in that Appendix A, from the average asbestos concentration of five air samples collected at the same time outside the abatement work area and analyzed in the same manner, and the average asbestos concentration of the three field blanks described in that Appendix A, is below the filter background level of 70 structures per square millimeter (70 s/mm2). (III)(C)(7)(a)(iii) An action shall also be considered complete if the volume of air drawn for each of the five samples collected within the abatement work area is equal to or greater than 1,199 L of air for a 25-mm filter, or equal to or greater than 2,799 L of air for a 37-mm filter, and the average concentration of asbestos as analyzed by the TEM method in 40 CFR Part 763 Appendix A to Subpart E (EPA 1995), which is herein incorporated by reference (incorporation of materials is discussed in section I.A. of this regulation), for the five air samples does not exceed the filter background level of 70 s/mm2, as defined in that Appendix A. If the average concentration of asbestos of the five air samples within the abatement work area exceeds 70 s/mm2, or if the volume of air in each of the samples is less than 1,199 liters of air for a 25mm filter, or less than 2,799 L of air for a 37-mm filter, the action shall be considered complete only when the requirements of subparagraph (ii) or (iv), of this subparagraph a. (Clearing Abatement Projects) are met. (III)(C)(7)(a)(iv) The laboratory may analyze air monitoring samples collected for clearance purposes by PCM to confirm completion of removal, encapsulation, or enclosure of ACM. The action shall be considered complete when the results of samples collected in the abatement work area and analyzed by PCM using the NIOSH Method 7400 entitled "Fibers" published in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 3rd Edition, Second Supplement, August 1987, which is herein incorporated by reference (incorporation of materials is discussed in section I.A. of this regulation), show that the concentration of fibers for each of the five samples is less than or equal to a

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COLORADO limit of quantification for PCM (0.01 fibers per cubic centimeter, 0.01 f/cm3, 10,000 f/m3). The analyst doing said analysis shall be NIOSH 582 or 582E trained. (III)(C)(7)(a)(v) The total number of clearance air samples required to determine compliance with III.C.7.a. (Clearing Abatement Projects) for a state permitted abatement project involving greater than 260 linear feet on pipes, 160 square feet on other surfaces or the volume equivalent of a 55-gallon drum of ACM is indicated in the following table: Table 1: Full or Secondary Containment For each work area within the project where the amount of ACM is:

Minimum # of samples to clear each work area

Minimum # of samples to clear each project

Less than 3 square feet/ 3 linear feet

1

5

Between 3 square feet / 3 linear feet and 32 square feet / 50 linear feet / volume equivalent of a 55gallon drum

2

5

Greater than 32 square feet / 50 linear feet / volume equivalent of a 55-gallon drum

5

5

(III)(C)(7)(b) Maximum Allowable Asbestos Level (III)(C)(7)(b)(i) For purposes of this subparagraph b., air monitoring shall be conducted during normal occupancy and samples shall not be collected in an aggressive manner. (III)(C)(7)(b)(ii) The maximum allowable asbestos level (MAAL) shall not be exceeded in any area of public access. The maximum allowable asbestos level is as follows: (III)(C)(7)(b)(ii)(A) If PCM is used as the method of analysis the standard is 0.01 fibers per cubic centimeter of air (f/cc) which is equivalent to 10,000 fibers per cubic meter of air (f/m3). The NIOSH 7400 Method entitled "Fibers" published in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 3rd Edition, Second Supplement, August 1987, which is herein incorporated by reference (incorporation of materials is discussed in section I.A. of this regulation), shall be used to analyze samples. The number of samples to be taken shall be determined by the air monitoring specialist. (III)(C)(7)(b)(ii)(B) Where TEM is used as the method of analysis, the standard is 70 structures/millimeter2 (s/mm2). TEM analysis shall be conducted pursuant to the protocol in 40 CFR. Part 763, Appendix A to Subpart E (EPA 1995), which is herein incorporated by reference (incorporation of materials is

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COLORADO discussed in section I.A. of this regulation). (III)(C)(7)(b)(ii)(C) Notwithstanding the provisions of (A) and (B) above, if the asbestos level in the outside ambient air which is adjacent to an asbestos project site or area of public access exceeds 70 s/mm2 using TEM analysis or 0.01 fibers per cubic centimeter of air (10,000 f/m3) using PCM analysis, whichever is applicable, the existing asbestos level in such air shall be the maximum allowable asbestos level. (III)(C)(7)(b)(ii)(D) In the event that airborne asbestos fiber levels exceed the MAAL when analyzed by PCM, a second test of samples may be collected during normal occupancy, analyzed by transmission electron microscopy analysis, and calculated as an eight-hour time-weighted average in accord with 29 CFR Part 1910.1001, Appendix A (OSHA 1987), which is herein incorporated by reference (incorporation of materials is discussed in section I.A. of this regulation), before any order of abatement is issued. The TEM sample(s) shall be collected in the same location(s) as the original PCM sample(s) and analyzed within 24 hours of the PCM sample(s). (III)(C)(7)(c) In the event that airborne fiber levels outside a containment in an area of public access exceed the MAAL when analyzed by PCM, the GAC holder shall either treat the affected area as an asbestos spill and comply with all the requirements in subparagraph III.C.5.b. (Asbestos Spill Response) or, re-analyze the samples by transmission electron microscopy analysis in accordance with 40 CFR Part 763, Appendix A to Subpart E (EPA 1995), which is herein incorporated by reference (incorporation of materials is discussed in section I.A. of this regulation), within 24 hours. If the MAAL is exceeded by TEM, comply with subparagraph III.C.5.b. (Asbestos Spill Response). (III)(C)(7)(d) All air monitoring required under this regulation shall be performed by air monitoring specialists independent of the abatement contractor to avoid possible conflict of interest. (III)(C)(8) Handling Waste Material Each person handling asbestos-containing waste material (ACWM) shall: (III)(C)(8)(a) Seal all asbestos-containing waste material in leak-tight containers while wet and label the containers in accordance with subparagraph b. (Labeling), below. Appropriate containers and procedures shall be used to prevent all breakage, rupture or leakage during loading, shipping, transportation and storage of asbestos containing waste material. (III)(C)(8)(b) Affix warning labels to all ACWM or to their containers, with either of

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COLORADO

Danger Contains Asbestos Fibers Avoid Creating Dust Cancer and Lung Disease Hazard

or

Caution Contains Asbestos Avoid Opening or Breaking Container Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous To Your Health

(III)(C)(8)(c) Following an abatement project, limit temporary storage of ACWM prior to disposal to 500 (five hundred), 55-gallon barrels or the volumetric equivalent thereof. Storage is permitted only on property owned or operated by the contractor or building owner. Temporary storage shall not exceed a time period of more than 6 months following the completion of the abatement action. (III)(C)(8)(d) Discharge no visible emissions during the collection, processing (including incineration), packaging, transportation, or deposition of any asbestos-containing waste material generated by the source. (III)(C)(8)(e) Dispose of ACWM in accordance with Colorado Department of Health, Hazardous Materials and Waste Management Division regulations. (III)(C)(8)(f) Filter all asbestos-containing waste water to five (5) micrometers prior to discharging to a sanitary sewer. (III)(C)(8)(g) Follow the waste shipment procedures in accordance with the provisions of 40 CFR part 61 section 150 (EPA 1995), which is herein incorporated by reference (incorporation of materials is discussed in section I.A. of this regulation). (III)(C)(9) Asbestos Abatement Project Management and Project Design (III)(C)(9)(a) Project Management A project manager shall be used on all asbestos abatement projects in public and commercial buildings in which the amount of friable asbestos-containing material to be abated exceeds 1,000 linear feet on pipes, or 3,000 square feet on other surfaces. (III)(C)(9)(a)(i) The project manager shall be responsible for assessing that: the project is conducted in accordance with this regulation; the project design is followed; the abatement project is cleared in accordance with this regulation; and the asbestos waste generated by the project is properly manifested and disposed of in accordance with this regulation. The project manager shall be responsible for communicating these assessments to the building owner or contractor. (III)(C)(9)(a)(ii) Project managers shall be independent of the asbestos abatement contractor and work strictly on behalf of the building owner to the extent feasible, unless the abatement is being performed in-house. (III)(C)(9)(a)(iii) Building owners that seek to waive the project manager requirement must submit the request, in writing, to the Division as part of the notification required in III.B.1. (Notices).

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COLORADO (III)(C)(9)(a)(iii)(A) Waiver requests shall be approved by the Division should the project be performed by an abatement contractor with a non-compliance history of fewer than two (2) Division issued compliance determinations with a finding of guilty during the past two (2) years prior to the start of the project. (III)(C)(9)(a)(iii)(B) Should the project be conducted by an abatement contractor with a non-compliance history of two (2) or more Division issued compliance determinations with a finding of guilty during the past two (2) years, the building owner must, on a form supplied by the Division, demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Division that compliance with the project manager requirements is overly burdensome or not feasible. (III)(C)(9)(a)(iv) GAC holders shall notify the building owner during bid proposals as to whether or not a project manager would be required. (III)(C)(9)(a)(v) Project managers must sign the original copy of the permit for the permit to be valid. (III)(C)(9)(b) Project Design Prior to the start of any asbestos abatement involving 1,000 linear feet on pipes, or 3,000 square feet on other surfaces, a written project design shall be developed by a project designer certified under these regulations. A signed copy of the project design shall be available on site at all times during the abatement activities for review by inspectors, the Project Manager and Air Monitoring Specialist. (III)(D) Use of Asbestos in the Manufacturing, Commerce, and Construction Industries (III)(D)(1) Standard for Asbestos Mills Each owner or operator of an asbestos mill shall discharge no visible emissions to the ambient air from the asbestos mill and use the methods specified by subparagraph III.C.2.r. (Air Cleaning) to clean emissions containing particulate asbestos material before they escape to, or are vented to, the ambient air. (III)(D)(2) Standard for Roadways No owner or operator of a roadway may deposit asbestos tailings or asbestos-containing waste material on that roadway, unless it is a temporary roadway on an area of asbestos ore deposits. (III)(D)(3) Standard for Manufacturing (III)(D)(3)(a) Applicability: This paragraph applies to the following manufacturing operations using commercial asbestos. (III)(D)(3)(a)(i) The manufacture of cloth, cord, wicks, tubing, tape, twine, rope, thread, yarn, roving, lap, or other textile materials. (III)(D)(3)(a)(ii) The manufacture of cement products. (III)(D)(3)(a)(iii) The manufacture of fireproofing and insulating materials. (III)(D)(3)(a)(iv) The manufacture of friction products. (III)(D)(3)(a)(v) The manufacture of paper, millboard, and felt. (III)(D)(3)(a)(vi) The manufacture of floor tile.

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COLORADO (III)(D)(3)(a)(vii) The manufacture of paints, coatings, caulks, adhesives, and sealants. (III)(D)(3)(a)(viii) The manufacture of plastics and rubber materials. (III)(D)(3)(a)(ix) The manufacture of chlorine utilizing asbestos diaphragm technology. (III)(D)(3)(a)(x) The manufacture of shotgun shell wads. (III)(D)(3)(a)(xi) The manufacture of asphalt concrete. (III)(D)(3)(b) Standard: Each owner or operator of any of the manufacturing operations to which this paragraph 3. (Standards for Manufacturing) applies shall: (III)(D)(3)(b)(i) Discharge no visible emissions to the ambient air from these operations or from any building or structure in which they are conducted; and (III)(D)(3)(b)(ii) Use the methods specified in subparagraph III.C.2.r. (Air Cleaning) to clean emissions from these operations containing particulate asbestos material before they escape to, or are vented to, the ambient air. (III)(D)(4) Standard for Spraying The owner or operator of an operation in which asbestos-containing materials are spray applied shall comply with the following requirements: (III)(D)(4)(a) Use materials that contain one percent asbestos or less on a dry weight basis for spray-on application on buildings, structures, pipes, and conduits, except as provided in subparagraph b. below, and: (III)(D)(4)(a)(i) Notify the Division at least 20 days before beginning the spraying operation. Include the following information in the notice: (III)(D)(4)(a)(i)(A) Name and address of owner or operator. (III)(D)(4)(a)(i)(B) Location of spraying operation. (III)(D)(4)(a)(i)(C) Procedures to be followed to meet the requirements of paragraph B.4 (Standard for Spraying). (III)(D)(4)(a)(ii) Discharge no visible emissions to the ambient air from the spray-on application of the asbestos-containing material and/or use the methods specified by subparagraph III.C.2.r. (Air Cleaning) to clean emissions containing particulate asbestos material before they escape to, or are vented to, the ambient air. (III)(D)(4)(b) The requirements of subparagraph a. above do not apply to the spray-on application of materials where the asbestos fibers in the materials are encapsulated with a bituminous or resinous binder during spraying and the materials are not friable after drying. (III)(D)(5) Standard for Fabricating (III)(D)(5)(a) Applicability. This paragraph applies to the following fabricating operations using commercial asbestos: (III)(D)(5)(a)(i) The fabrication of cement building products. (III)(D)(5)(a)(ii) The fabrication of friction products, except those operations that primarily install asbestos friction materials on motor vehicles. (III)(D)(5)(a)(iii) The fabrication of cement or silicate board for ventilation hoods;

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COLORADO ovens; electrical panels; laboratory furniture; bulkheads, partitions, and ceilings for marine construction; and flow control devices for the molten metal industry. (III)(D)(5)(b) Standard. Each owner or operator of any of the fabricating operations to which this paragraph 5. (Standard for Fabricating) applies shall: (III)(D)(5)(b)(i) Discharge no visible emissions to the ambient air from any of the operations or from any building or structure in which they are conducted; and (III)(D)(5)(b)(ii) Use the methods specified by subparagraph III.C.2.r. (Air Cleaning) to clean emissions containing particulate asbestos material before they escape to, or are vented to, the ambient air. (III)(D)(6) Standard for Insulating Materials After the effective date of this Regulation, no owner or operator of a facility may install or reinstall on a facility component any insulating materials that contain commercial asbestos if the materials are either molded and friable or wet-applied and friable after drying. The provisions of this subsection do not apply to spray-applied insulating materials regulated under paragraph III.D.4. (Standard for Spraying).

Section (IV) School Requirements (IV)(A) Scope and Purpose (IV)(A)(1) This rule requires local education agencies to identify friable and nonfriable asbestos-containing material (ACM) in public and private elementary and secondary schools by visually inspecting school buildings for such materials, sampling such materials if they are not assumed to be ACM, and having samples analyzed by appropriate techniques referred to in this rule. The rule requires local education agencies to submit management plans to the Colorado Department of Health, Air Pollution Control Division by October 12, 1988, or if a deferral is applied for and received from the Division, May 9, l989. The LEA must begin to implement the plans by July 9, 1989, and complete implementation of the plans in a timely fashion. In addition, local education agencies are required to use persons who have been certified to conduct inspections, re-inspections, develop management plans, or perform response actions. The rule also includes recordkeeping requirements. Local education agencies may contractually delegate their duties under this rule, but they remain responsible for the proper performance of those duties. Local education agencies are encouraged to consult with the EPA Regional Asbestos Coordinator or the Division for assistance in complying with this rule. (IV)(A)(2) Local education agencies must provide for the transportation of asbestos in accordance with section III of this regulation. Disposal of asbestoscontaining waste is governed by rules promulgated by the Colorado Board of

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COLORADO Health, and implemented by the Department's Hazardous Materials and Waste Management Division. (IV)(B) General local education agency responsibilities. Each local education agency shall: (IV)(B)(1) Ensure that the activities of any persons who perform inspections, reinspections, and periodic surveillance, develop and update management plans, and develop and implement response actions, including operations and maintenance, are carried out in accordance with section IV of this Regulation No. 8. (IV)(B)(2) Ensure that all custodial and maintenance employees are properly trained as required by this section IV and other applicable Federal and/or State regulations (e.g., the Occupational Safety and Health Administration asbestos standard for construction, and the EPA worker protection rule.) (IV)(B)(3) Ensure that workers and building occupants, or their legal guardians, are informed at least once each school year about inspections, response actions, and post-response action activities, including periodic reinspection and surveillance activities that are planned or in progress. (IV)(B)(4) Ensure that short-term workers (e.g., telephone repair workers, utility workers, or exterminators) who may come in contact with asbestos in a school are provided information regarding the locations of ACBM and suspected ACBM assumed to be ACM. (IV)(B)(5) Ensure that warning labels are posted in accordance with subsection L. (Warning Labels). (IV)(B)(6) Ensure that management plans are available for inspection and notification of such availability has been provided as specified in the management plan under subsection J. (IV)(B)(7)(a) Designate a person to ensure that requirements under this section are properly implemented. (IV)(B)(7)(b) Ensure that the designated person receives adequate training to perform duties assigned under section IV.B. Such training shall provide, as necessary, basic knowledge of: (IV)(B)(7)(b)(i) Health effects of asbestos. (IV)(B)(7)(b)(ii) Detection, identification, and assessment of ACM. (IV)(B)(7)(b)(iii) Options for controlling ACM. (IV)(B)(7)(b)(iv) Asbestos management programs. (IV)(B)(7)(b)(v) Relevant Federal and State regulations concerning asbestos, including those in this Commission Regulation No. 8 and those of the Occupational Safety and Health administration, U.S. Department of Labor,

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COLORADO the U.S. Department of Transportation and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (IV)(B)(8) Consider whether any conflict of interest may arise from the interrelationship among certified personnel and whether that should influence the selection of certified personnel to perform activities under this section. (IV)(C) Inspection and Re-inspections. (IV)(C)(1) Inspection (IV)(C)(1)(a) Except as provided in subparagraph b below, before October 12, 1988 or by May 9, l989, if a deferral has been applied for and received from the Division, local education agencies shall inspect each school building that they lease, own, or otherwise use as a school building to identify all locations of friable and non-friable ACM. (IV)(C)(1)(b) Any building leased or acquired on or after October 12, 1988, that is to be used as a school building shall be inspected as described under paragraphs c and d below prior to use as a school building. In the event that emergency use of an uninspected building as a school building is necessitated, such buildings shall be inspected within 30 days after commencement of such use. (IV)(C)(1)(c) Each inspection shall be made by a certified inspector. (IV)(C)(1)(d) For each area of a school building, except as excluded under subsection M. (Exclusions), each person performing an inspection shall: (IV)(C)(1)(d)(i) Visually inspect the area to identify the locations of all suspected ACM. (IV)(C)(1)(d)(ii) Touch all suspected ACM to determine whether they are friable. (IV)(C)(1)(d)(iii) Identify all homogeneous areas of friable suspected ACBM and all homogeneous areas of non-friable suspected ACM. (IV)(C)(1)(d)(iv) Assume that some or all of the homogeneous areas are ACM, and, for each homogeneous area that is not assumed to be ACM, collect and submit for analysis bulk samples under subsections IV.D. (Sampling) and IV.E. (Analysis). (IV)(C)(1)(d)(v) Assess, under subsection IV.F. (Assessment), friable material in areas where samples are collected, friable material in areas that are assumed to be ACM, and friable ACM identified during a previous inspection. (IV)(C)(1)(d)(vi) Record the following and submit to the person designated under subsection IV.B. (General LEA Responsibilities) a copy of such record for inclusion in the management plan within 30 days of the inspection: (IV)(C)(1)(d)(vi)(A) An inspection report with the date of the inspection signed by each certified person making the inspection, and his or her certification number. (IV)(C)(1)(d)(vi)(B) An inventory of the locations of the homogeneous areas where samples are collected, exact location where each bulk sample is collected, dates that samples are collected, homogeneous areas where friable suspected

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COLORADO ACBM is assumed to be ACM, and homogeneous areas where non-friable suspected ACBM is assumed to be ACM. (IV)(C)(1)(d)(vi)(C) A description of the manner used to determine sampling locations, the name and signature of each certified inspector who collected the samples, and his or her certification number. (IV)(C)(1)(d)(vi)(D) A list of whether the homogeneous areas identified under subclause (B) above are surfacing material, thermal system insulation, or miscellaneous material. (IV)(C)(1)(d)(vi)(E) Assessments made of friable material, the name and signature of each certified inspector making the assessment, and his or her certification number. (IV)(C)(2) Re-inspection (IV)(C)(2)(a) At least once every three years after a management plan is in effect, each local education agency shall conduct a reinspection of all friable and non-friable known or assumed ACBM in each school building that they lease, own, or otherwise use as a school building. (IV)(C)(2)(b) Each inspection shall be made by a certified inspector. (IV)(C)(2)(c) For each area of a school building, each person performing a reinspection shall: (IV)(C)(2)(c)(i) Visually reinspect, and reassess, under subsection IV.F. (Assessment) the condition of all friable known or assumed ACBM. (IV)(C)(2)(c)(ii) Visually inspect material that was previously considered non-friable ACBM and touch the material to determine whether it has become friable since the last inspection or reinspection. (IV)(C)(2)(c)(iii) Identify any homogeneous areas with material that has become friable since the last inspection or reinspection. (IV)(C)(2)(c)(iv) For each homogeneous area of newly friable material that is already assumed to be ACBM, bulk samples may be collected and submitted for analysis in accordance with subsections IV.D. (Sampling) and IV.E., (Analysis). (IV)(C)(2)(c)(v) Assess, under subsection IV.F. (Assessment), the condition of the newly friable material in areas where samples are collected, and newly friable materials in areas that are assumed to be ACBM. (IV)(C)(2)(c)(vi) Reassess, under subsection IV.F. (Assessment), the condition of friable known or assumed ACBM previously identified. (IV)(C)(2)(c)(vii) Record the following and submit to the person designated under subsection IV.B. (General LEA Responsibilities), a copy of such record for inclusion in the management plan within 30 days of the reinspection: (IV)(C)(2)(c)(vii)(A) The date of the reinspection, the name and signature of the person making the reinspection, his or her certification number, and any changes in the condition of known or assumed ACBM. (IV)(C)(2)(c)(vii)(B) The exact locations where samples are collected during the reinspection, a description of the manner used to determine sampling locations, the name and signature of each certified inspector who collected

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COLORADO the samples, and his or her certification number. (IV)(C)(2)(c)(vii)(C) Any assessments or reassessments made of friable material, the name and signature of the certified inspector making the assessments, and his or her certification number. (IV)(C)(3) General Thermal system insulation that has retained its structural integrity and that has an undamaged protective jacket or wrap that prevents fiber release shall be treated as non-friable and therefore is subject only to periodic surveillance and preventive measures as necessary. (IV)(D) Sampling (IV)(D)(1) Surfacing Material A certified inspector shall collect, in a statistically random manner that is representative of the homogeneous area, bulk samples from each homogeneous area of friable surfacing material that is not assumed to be ACM, and shall collect the samples as follows: (IV)(D)(1)(a) At least three bulk samples shall be collected from each homogeneous area that is 1,000 ft2, or less, except as provided in subparagraph IV.E.3.b. (IV)(D)(1)(b) At least five bulk samples shall be collected from each homogeneous area that is greater than 1,000 ft2 but less than or equal to 5,000 ft2, except as provided in subparagraph IV.E.3.b. (IV)(D)(1)(c) At least seven bulk samples shall be collected from each homogeneous area that is greater than 5,000 ft2, except as provided in subparagraph IV.E.3.b. (IV)(D)(1)(d) Sampling of friable surfacing materials should follow the guidance provided in the EPA publication "Simplified Sampling Scheme for Friable Surfacing Materials" (EPA 560/5-85-030a) (1985), which is herein incorporated by reference (incorporation of materials is discussed in section I.A. of this regulation). (IV)(D)(2) Thermal System Insulation (IV)(D)(2)(a) Except provided in paragraphs b. through d. below, a certified inspector shall collect, in a randomly distributed manner, at least three bulk samples from each homogeneous area of thermal system insulation that is not assumed to be ACM. (IV)(D)(2)(b) Collect at least one bulk sample from each homogeneous area of patched thermal system insulation that is not assumed to be ACM if the patched section is less than 6 linear or square feet. (IV)(D)(2)(c) In a manner sufficient to determine whether the material is ACM or not ACM, collect bulk samples from each insulated mechanical system that is not assumed to be ACM where cement or plaster is used on fittings such as tees, elbows, or valves, except as provided under subparagraph IV.E.3.b., analysis. (IV)(D)(2)(d) Bulk samples are not required to be collected from any homogeneous area where the certified inspector has determined that the thermal system insulation is fiberglass, foam glass, rubber, or other non-ACBM.

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COLORADO (IV)(D)(3) Miscellaneous Material In a manner sufficient to determine whether material is ACM or not ACM, a certified inspector shall collect bulk samples from each homogeneous area of friable miscellaneous material that is not assumed to be ACM. (IV)(D)(4) Non-friable Suspected ACBM If any homogeneous area of non-friable suspected ACBM is not assumed to be ACM, then a certified inspector shall collect, in a manner sufficient to determine whether the material is ACM or not ACM, bulk samples from the homogeneous area of non-friable suspected ACBM that is not assumed to be ACM. (IV)(E) Analysis (IV)(E)(1) Local education agencies shall have bulk samples, collected under subsection IV.D. (Sampling) and submitted for analysis, analyzed for asbestos using laboratories accredited by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Local education agencies shall use laboratories which have received interim accreditation for polarized light microscopy (PLM) analysis under the EPA Interim Asbestos Bulk Sample Analysis Quality Assurance Program until the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) PLM laboratory accreditation program for PLM is operational. (IV)(E)(2) Bulk samples shall not be composited for analysis and shall be analyzed for asbestos content by PLM, using the United States Environmental Protection Agency's August 1994 Method EPA/600/R-93/116, "Method for the Determination of Asbestos in Bulk Building Materials", which is herein incorporated by reference (incorporation of materials is discussed in section I.A. of this regulation). (IV)(E)(3)(a) A homogeneous area is considered not to contain ACM only if the results of all samples required to be collected from the area show asbestos in amounts of one percent or less. (IV)(E)(3)(b) A homogeneous area shall be determined to contain ACM based on a finding that the results of at least one sample collected from that area shows that asbestos is present in an amount greater than one percent. (IV)(E)(3)(IV)(E)(4) The name and address of each laboratory performing an analysis, the date of analysis, and the name and signature of the person performing the analysis shall be submitted to the person designated under subsection IV.B. (General LEA Responsibilities) for inclusion into the management plan within 30 days of the analysis. (IV)(F) Assessment (IV)(F)(1)(a) For each inspection and reinspection conducted under paragraph IV.C., 1. and 2. (Inspections/Re-inspections), and previous inspections specified under subsection IV.M. (Exclusions), the local education agency shall have a certified inspector provide a written assessment of all friable

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COLORADO known or assumed ACBM in the school building. (IV)(F)(1)(b) Each certified inspector providing a written assessment shall sign and date the assessment, provide his or her certification number, and submit a copy of the assessment to the person designated under subsection IV.B. (General LEA Responsibilities) for inclusion in the management plan within 30 days of the assessment. (IV)(F)(2) The inspector shall classify and give reasons in the written assessment for classifying the ACBM and suspected ACBM assumed to be ACM in the school building into one of the following categories: (IV)(F)(2)(a) Damaged or significantly damaged thermal system insulation ACM. (IV)(F)(2)(b) Damaged friable surfacing ACM. (IV)(F)(2)(c) Significantly damaged friable surfacing ACM. (IV)(F)(2)(d) Damaged or significantly damaged friable miscellaneous ACM. (IV)(F)(2)(e) ACBM with potential for damage. (IV)(F)(2)(f) ACBM with potential for significant damage. (IV)(F)(2)(g) Any remaining friable ACBM or friable suspected ACBM. (IV)(F)(3) Assessment may include the following considerations: (IV)(F)(3)(a) Location and the amount of the material, both in total quantity and as a percentage of the functional space. (IV)(F)(3)(b) Condition of the material, specifying: (IV)(F)(3)(b)(i) Type of damage or significant damage (e.g., flaking, blistering, water damage, or other signs of physical damage). (IV)(F)(3)(b)(ii) Severity of damage (e.g., major flaking, severely torn jackets, as opposed to occasional flaking, minor tears to jackets). (IV)(F)(3)(b)(iii) Extent or spread of damage over large areas or large percentages of the homogeneous area. (IV)(F)(3)(c) Whether the material is accessible. (IV)(F)(3)(d) The material's potential for disturbance. (IV)(F)(3)(e) Known or suspected causes of damage or significant damage (e.g., air erosion, vandalism, vibration, water). (IV)(F)(3)(f) Preventive measures which might eliminate the reasonable likelihood of undamaged ACM from becoming significantly damaged. (IV)(F)(3)(g) The local education agency shall select a person certified to develop management plans to review the results of each inspection, reinspection, and assessment for the school building and to conduct any other necessary activities in order to recommend in writing to the local education agency appropriate response actions. The certified person shall sign and date the recommendation, and provide his or her certification number, and submit a copy of the recommendation to the person in the management plan. (IV)(G) Response Actions (IV)(G)(1) The local education agency shall select and implement in a timely manner the appropriate response actions in this section consistent with the

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COLORADO assessment conducted in subsection IV.F. The response actions selected shall be sufficient to protect human health and the environment. The local education agency may then select, from the response actions which protect human health and the environment, that action which is the least burdensome method. Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit removal of ACBM from a school building at any time, should removal be the preferred response action of the local education agency. (IV)(G)(2) If damaged or significantly damaged thermal system insulation ACM is present in a building, the local education agency shall: (IV)(G)(2)(a) At least repair the damaged area. (IV)(G)(2)(b) Remove the damaged material if it is not feasible, due to technological factors, to repair the damage. (IV)(G)(2)(c) Maintain all thermal system insulation ACM and its covering in an intact state and undamaged condition. (IV)(G)(3)(a) If damaged friable surfacing ACM or damaged friable miscellaneous ACM is present in a building, the local education agency shall select from among the following response actions: encapsulation, enclosure, removal, or repair of the damaged material. (IV)(G)(3)(b) In selecting the response action from among those which meet the definitional standards in subsection I (Training & Periodic Surveillance) the local education agency shall determine which of these response actions protects human health and the environment. For purposes of determining which of these response actions are the least burdensome, the local education agency may then consider local circumstances, including occupancy and use patterns within the school building, and its economic concerns, including short- and long-term costs. (IV)(G)(4) If significantly damaged friable surfacing ACM or significantly damaged friable miscellaneous ACM is present in a building the local education agency shall: (IV)(G)(4)(a) Immediately isolate the functional space and restrict access, unless isolation is not necessary to protect human health and the environment. (IV)(G)(4)(b) Remove the material in the functional space or, depending upon whether enclosure or encapsulation would be sufficient to protect human health and the environment, enclose or encapsulate. (IV)(G)(5) If any friable surfacing ACM, thermal system insulation ACM, or friable miscellaneous ACM that has potential for damage is present in a building, the local education agency shall at least implement an operations and maintenance (O&M) program, as described under subsection IV.H. (Operations & Maintenance). (IV)(G)(6) If any friable surfacing ACM, thermal system insulation ACM, or friable

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COLORADO miscellaneous ACM that has potential for significant damage is present in a building, the local education agency shall: (IV)(G)(6)(a) Implement an O&M program, as described under subsection IV.H. (Operations & Maintenance). (IV)(G)(6)(b) Institute preventive measures appropriate to eliminate the reasonable likelihood that the ACM or its covering will become significantly damaged, deteriorated, or delaminated. (IV)(G)(6)(c) Remove the material as soon as possible if appropriate preventive measures cannot be effectively implemented, or unless other response actions are determined to protect human health and environment. Immediately isolate the area and restrict access if necessary to avoid an imminent and substantial endangerment to human health or the environment. (IV)(G)(7) Response actions including removal, encapsulation, enclosure, or repair, other than small-scale, short-duration repairs, shall be designed and conducted by persons certified to design and conduct response actions. (IV)(G)(8) The requirements of this section IV of Regulation No. 8 in no way supersede the worker protection and work practice requirements under 29 CFR 1926.58 (Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA 1988) Asbestos, 40 CFR Part 763, Subpart G (EPA 1995) (Asbestos Abatement Projects), and 40 CFR. Part 61, Subpart M (EPA 1995) (National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants-Asbestos) and section III of this regulation. (IV)(G)(9) Completion of Response Actions. (IV)(G)(9)(a) At the conclusion of any action to remove, encapsulate, or enclose ACBM or material assumed to be ACBM, a person designated by the local education agency shall visually inspect each functional space where such action was conducted to determine whether the action has been properly completed. (IV)(G)(9)(b)(i) A person designated by the local education agency shall collect air samples using aggressive sampling as described in 40 CFR 763, Appendix A to Subpart E (EPA 1995), which is herein incorporated by reference (incorporation of materials is discussed in section I.A. of this regulation), to monitor air for clearance after each removal, enclosure and encapsulation project involving ACBM, except for projects that are less than three square or three linear feet. (IV)(G)(9)(b)(ii) Local education agencies shall have air samples collected under this section analyzed for asbestos using laboratories accredited by the National Bureau of Standards to conduct such analysis using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or, under circumstances permitted in this section, laboratories enrolled in the American Industrial Hygiene Association Proficiency Analytical Testing Program for phase contrast microscopy (PCM). (IV)(G)(9)(b)(iii) Until the National Bureau of Standards TEM laboratory

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COLORADO accreditation program is operational, local educational agencies shall use laboratories that use the protocol described in 40 CFR 763, Appendix A to Subpart E (EPA 1995), which is herein incorporated by reference (incorporation of materials is discussed in section I.A. of this regulation). (IV)(G)(9)(c) Except as provided in subparagraphs 9.d., e., f., or g. of this subsection, an action to remove, encapsulate, or enclose ACBM shall be considered complete when the average concentration of asbestos of five air samples collected within the affected functional space and analyzed by the TEM method in 40 CFR 763, Appendix A to Subpart E (EPA 1995), which is herein incorporated by reference (incorporation of materials is discussed in section I.A. of this regulation), is not statistically significantly different, as determined by the Z-test calculation found in Appendix A from the average asbestos concentration of five air samples collected at the same time outside the affected functional space and analyzed in the same manner, and the average asbestos concentration of the three field blanks described in Appendix A is below the filter background level, as defined in Appendix A, of 70 structures per square millimeter (70 s/mm2). (IV)(G)(9)(d) An action may also be considered complete if the volume of air drawn for each of the five samples collected within the affected functional space is equal to or greater than 1,199 L of air for a 25mm filter or equal to or greater than 2,799 L of air for a 37-mm filter, and the average concentration of asbestos as analyzed by the TEM method in 40 CFR 763, Appendix A to Subpart E (1995), which is herein incorporated by reference (incorporation of materials is discussed in section I.A. of this regulation), for the five air samples does not exceed the filter background level, as defined in Appendix A, of 70 structures per square millimeter (70 s/mm2). If the average concentration of asbestos of the five air samples within the affected functional space exceeds 70 s/mm2, or if the volume of air in each of the samples is less than 1,199 L of air for a 25-mm filter or less than 2,799 L of air for a 37-mm filter, the action shall be considered complete only when the requirements of subparagraph 9.c., e., f., or g. of this section are met. (IV)(G)(9)(e) At any time, a local education agency may analyze air monitoring samples collected for clearance purposes by phase contrast microscopy (PCM) to confirm completion of removal, encapsulation, or enclosure of ACBM that is greater than small-scale, short-duration and less than or equal to 160 square feet or 260 linear feet. The action shall be considered complete when the results of samples collected in the affected functional space and analyzed by phase contrast microscopy using the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Method 7400 entitled "Fibers" published in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 3rd Edition, Second Supplement, August 1987, which is herein incorporated by reference (incorporation of materials is discussed in section I.A. of this regulation), show that the concentration of fibers for each of the five samples is less than or equal to a limit of quantitation for PCM (0.01 fibers per cubic centimeter (0.01 f/cm3, 10,000 f/m3) of air). The method is available at the Office of the Air Quality

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COLORADO Control Commission. (IV)(G)(9)(f) Until October 7, 1989, a local education agency may analyze air monitoring samples collected for clearance purposes by PCM to confirm completion of removal, encapsulation, or enclosure of ACBM that is less than or equal to 3,000 square feet or 1,000 linear feet. The action shall be considered complete when the results of samples collected in the affected functional space and analyzed by PCM using the NIOSH Method 7400 entitled "Fibers" published in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 3rd Edition, Second Supplement, August 1987, which is herein incorporated by reference (incorporation of materials is discussed in section I.A. of this regulation), show that the concentration of fibers for each of the five samples is less than or equal to a limit of quantitation for PCM (0.01 fibers per cubic centimeter, 0.01 f/cm3, 10,000 f/m3). The method is available at the Office of the Colorado Air Quality Control Commission. (IV)(G)(9)(g) From October 8, 1989, to October 7, 1990, a local education agency may analyze air monitoring samples collected for clearance purposes by PCM to confirm completion of removal, encapsulation, or enclosure of ACBM that is less than or equal to 1,500 square feet or 500 linear feet. The action shall be considered complete when the results of samples collected in the affected functional space and analyzed by PCM using the NIOSH Method 7400 entitled "Fibers" published in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 3rd Edition, Second Supplement, August 1987, which is herein incorporated by reference (incorporation of materials is discussed in section I.A. of this regulation), show that the concentration of fibers for each of the five samples is less than or equal to a limit of quantitation for PCM (0.01 fibers per cubic centimeter, 0.01 f/cm3, 10,000 f/m3). The method is available at the Office of the Colorado Air Quality Control Commission. (IV)(G)(9)(h) To determine the amount of ACBM affected under subparagraphs 9.e., f., and g. of this subsection, the local education agency shall add the total square or linear footage of ACBM within the containment barriers used to isolate the functional space for the action to remove, encapsulate, or enclose the ACBM. Contiguous portions of material subject to such action conducted concurrently or at approximately the same time within the same school building shall not be separated to qualify under subparagraph 9.e., f. or g. of this subsection. (IV)(H) Operations and Maintenance (IV)(H)(1) Applicability The local education agency shall implement an operations, maintenance, and repair (O&M) program under this section whenever any friable ACBM is present or assumed to be present in a building that it leases, owns, or otherwise uses as a school building. Any material identified as non-friable ACBM or non-friable assumed ACBM must be treated as friable ACBM for purposes of this section when the material is about to become friable as a result of activities performed in the school building.

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COLORADO (IV)(H)(2) Cleaning (IV)(H)(2)(a) Initial Cleaning Unless the building has been cleaned using equivalent methods within the previous six months, all areas of a school building where friable ACBM, damaged or significantly damaged thermal system insulation ACM, or friable suspected ACBM assumed to be ACM are present shall be cleaned at least once after the completion of the inspection required by section IV.C.1. and before the initiation of any response action, other than O&M activities or repair, according to the following procedures: (IV)(H)(2)(a)(i) HEPA-vacuum or steam-clean all carpets. (IV)(H)(2)(a)(ii) HEPA-vacuum or wet-clean all other floor and all other horizontal surfaces. (IV)(H)(2)(a)(iii) Dispose of all debris, filters, mop heads, and cloths in sealed, leak-tight containers. (IV)(H)(2)(b) Additional Cleaning The certified management planner shall make a written recommendation to the local education agency whether additional cleaning is needed, and if so, the methods and frequency of such cleaning. (IV)(H)(3) Operations and Maintenance Activities The local education agency shall ensure that the procedures described below to protect building occupants shall be followed for any operations and maintenance activities disturbing friable ACBM: (IV)(H)(3)(a) Restrict entry into the area by persons other than those necessary to perform the maintenance project, either by physically isolating the area or by scheduling. (IV)(H)(3)(b) Post signs to prevent entry by unauthorized persons. (IV)(H)(3)(c) Shut off or temporarily modify the air-handling system and restrict other sources of air movement. (IV)(H)(3)(d) Use work practices or other controls, such as, wet methods, protective clothing, HEPA-vacuums, mini-enclosures, glove bags, as necessary to inhibit the spread of any released fibers. (IV)(H)(3)(e) Clean all fixtures or other components in the immediate work area. (IV)(H)(3)(f) Place the asbestos debris and other cleaning materials in a sealed, leak-tight container. (IV)(H)(4) Maintenance Activities Other than Small-Scale, Short-Duration The response action for any maintenance activities disturbing friable ACBM, other than small-scale, short-duration maintenance activities, shall be designed by persons certified to design response actions and conducted by persons certified to conduct response actions. (IV)(H)(5) Fiber Release Episodes (IV)(H)(5)(a) Minor Fiber Release Episode - The local education agency shall ensure that the procedures described below are followed in the event of a minor fiber release episode (i.e., the falling or dislodging of 3 square or linear feet or less of friable ACBM):

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COLORADO (IV)(H)(5)(a)(i) Thoroughly saturate the debris using wet methods. (IV)(H)(5)(a)(ii) Clean the area, as described in paragraph 2 of this section. (IV)(H)(5)(a)(iii) Place the asbestos debris in a sealed, leak-tight container. (IV)(H)(5)(a)(iv) Repair the area of damaged ACM with materials such as asbestos-free spackling, plaster, cement, or insulation, or seal with latex paint or an encapsulant, or immediately have the appropriate response action implemented as required by section (H) (Operations & Maintenance). (IV)(H)(5)(b) Major Fiber Release Episode - The local education agency shall ensure that the procedures described below are followed in the event of a major fiber release episode (i.e., the falling or dislodging of more than 3 square or linear feet of friable ACBM): (IV)(H)(5)(b)(i) Restrict entry into the area and post signs to prevent entry into the area by persons other than those necessary to perform the response action. (IV)(H)(5)(b)(ii) Shut off or temporarily modify the air-handling system to prevent the distribution of fibers to other areas in the building. (IV)(H)(5)(b)(iii) The response action for any major fiber release episode must be designed by persons certified to design response actions and conducted by persons certified to conduct response actions, as specified in subsection II.A. (General Requirements). (IV)(I) Training and Periodic Surveillance. (IV)(I)(1) Training (IV)(I)(1)(a) The local education agency shall ensure, prior to the implementation of the O&M provisions of the management plan, that all members of its maintenance and custodial staff (custodians, electricians, heating/air conditioning engineers, plumbers, etc.) who may work in a building that contains ACBM receive awareness training of at least two hours, whether or not they are required to work with ACBM. New custodial and maintenance employees shall be trained within 60 days after commencement of employment. Training shall include, but not be limited to: (IV)(I)(1)(a)(i) Information regarding asbestos and its various uses and forms. (IV)(I)(1)(a)(ii) Information on the health effects associated with asbestos exposure. (IV)(I)(1)(a)(iii) Locations of ACBM identified throughout each school building in which they work. (IV)(I)(1)(a)(iv) Recognition of damage, deterioration, and delamination of ACBM. (IV)(I)(1)(a)(v) Name and telephone number of the person designated to carry out general local education agency responsibilities under subsection IV.B. (General LEA Responsibilities) and the availability and location of the management plan. (IV)(I)(1)(b) The local education agency shall ensure that all members of its maintenance and custodial staff who conduct any activities that will result in the disturbance of ACBM shall receive training described in paragraph a.

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COLORADO above and 14 hours of additional training. Additional training shall include, but not be limited to: (IV)(I)(1)(b)(i) Descriptions of the proper methods of handling ACBM. (IV)(I)(1)(b)(ii) Information on the use of respiratory protection as contained in the EPA/NIOSH Guide to Respiratory Protection for the Asbestos Abatement Industry, September 1986 (EPA 560/OPTS-86-001), available from the office of the Colorado Air Quality Control Commission, and other personal protection measures. (IV)(I)(1)(b)(iii) The provisions of section IV and Appendices A, B, C, and D of 52 Federal Register 41857-41898 (October 30, 1987), EPA regulations contained in 40 CFR Part 763, Subpart G, and in 40 CFR Part 61, Subpart M, and OSHA regulations contained in 29 CFR 1926.1101. (IV)(I)(1)(b)(iv) Hands-on training in the use of respiratory protection, other personal protection measures, and good work practices. (IV)(I)(1)(c) Local education agency maintenance and custodial staff who have attended EPA-approved asbestos training or received equivalent training for O&M and periodic surveillance activities involving asbestos shall be considered trained for the purposes of this section. (IV)(I)(2) Periodic Surveillance (IV)(I)(2)(a) At least once every six months after a management plan is in effect, each local education agency shall conduct periodic surveillance in each building that it leases, owns, or otherwise uses as a school building that contains ACBM or is assumed to contain ACBM. (IV)(I)(2)(b) Each person performing periodic surveillance shall: (IV)(I)(2)(b)(i) Visually inspect all areas that are identified in the management plan as ACBM or assumed ACBM. (IV)(I)(2)(b)(ii) Record the date of the surveillance, his or her name, and any changes in the condition of the materials. (IV)(I)(2)(b)(iii) Submit to the person designated to carry out general local education agency responsibilities under subsection IV.B. (General LEA Responsibilities) a copy of such record for inclusion in the management plan. (IV)(J) School Management Plans (IV)(J)(1)(a) On or before October 12, 1988, or by May 9, 1989, if the LEA has applied for and received a deferral from the Division each local education agency shall develop an asbestos management plan for each school, including all buildings that they lease, own, or otherwise use as school buildings, and submit the plan in the form specified by the Division. The plan may be submitted in stages that cover a portion of the school buildings under the authority of the local education agency. The fee for Division review of management plans will be $45.00. (IV)(J)(1)(b) If a building to be used as part of a school is leased or otherwise acquired after October 12, 1988, the local education agency shall include the new building in the management plan for the school prior to its use as a

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COLORADO school building. The revised portions of the management plan shall be submitted to the Division. (IV)(J)(1)(c) If a local education agency begins to use a building as a school after October 12, 1988, the local education agency shall submit a management plan for the school to the Division prior to its use as a school. (IV)(J)(2) If the Division does not disapprove a management plan within 90 days after receipt of the plan, the local education agency shall implement the plan. (IV)(J)(3) Each local education agency must begin implementation of its management plan on or before July 9, l989, and complete implementation in a timely fashion. (IV)(J)(4) Each local education agency shall maintain and update its management plan to keep it current with ongoing operations and maintenance, periodic surveillance, inspection, reinspection, and response action activities. All provisions required to be included in the management plan under this section shall be retained as part of the management plan, as well as any information that has been revised to bring the plan up-to-date. (IV)(J)(5) The management plan shall be developed by a certified management planner and shall include: (IV)(J)(5)(a) A list of the name and address of each school building and whether the school building contains friable ACBM, non-friable ACBM, or friable and non-friable suspected ACBM assumed to be ACM. (IV)(J)(5)(b) For each inspection conducted before the December 14, 1987: (IV)(J)(5)(b)(i) The date of the inspection. (IV)(J)(5)(b)(ii) A blueprint, diagram, or written description of each school building that identifies clearly each location and approximate square or linear footage of any homogeneous or sampling area where material was sampled for ACM, and, if possible, the exact locations where bulk samples were collected, and the dates of collection. (IV)(J)(5)(b)(iii) A copy of the analyses of any bulk samples, dates of analyses, and a copy of any other laboratory reports pertaining to the analyses. (IV)(J)(5)(b)(iv) A description of any response actions or preventive measures taken to reduce asbestos exposure, including if possible, the names and addresses of all contractors involved, start and completion dates of the work, and results of any air samples analyzed during and upon completion of the work. (IV)(J)(5)(b)(v) A description of assessments, required to be made under section IV.F. of material that was identified before December 14, 1987, as friable ACBM or friable suspected ACBM assumed to be ACM, and the name and signature, and Colorado certification number of each certified person making the assessments.

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COLORADO (IV)(J)(5)(c) For each inspection and reinspection conducted under section IV.C. (Inspections & Re-inspections): (IV)(J)(5)(b)(i) The date of the inspection or reinspection and the name and signature, and the Colorado certification number of each certified inspector performing the inspection or reinspection. (IV)(J)(5)(b)(ii) A blueprint, diagram, or written description of each school building that identifies clearly each location and approximate square or linear footage of homogeneous areas where material was sampled for ACM, the exact location where each bulk sample was collected, date of collection, homogeneous areas where friable suspected ACBM is assumed to be ACM, and where non-friable suspected ACBM is assumed to be ACM. (IV)(J)(5)(b)(iii) A description of the manner used to determine sampling locations, and the name and signature of each certified inspector collecting samples, and his or her Colorado certification number. (IV)(J)(5)(b)(iv) A copy of the analyses of any bulk samples collected and analyzed, the name and address of any laboratory that analyzed bulk samples, a statement that the laboratory meets the applicable requirements of paragraph IV.E.1. the date of analysis, and the name and signature of the person performing the analysis. (IV)(J)(5)(b)(v) A description of assessments, required to be made under subsection IV.F. (Assessment), of all ACBM and suspected ACBM assumed to be ACM, and the name, signature, and Colorado certification number of each person making the assessments. (IV)(J)(5)(d) The name, address, and telephone number of the person designated under subsection IV.B. (General LEA Responsibilities) to ensure that the duties of the local education agency are carried out, and the course name, and dates and hours of training taken by that person to carry out the duties. (IV)(J)(5)(e) The recommendations made to the local education agency regarding response actions, under subsection IV.F. (Assessment), the name, signature, and his or her Colorado certification number. (IV)(J)(5)(f) A detailed description of preventive measures and response actions to be taken, including methods to be used, for any friable ACBM, the locations where such measures and action will be taken, reasons for selecting the response action or preventive measure, and a schedule for beginning and completing each preventive measure and response action. (IV)(J)(5)(g) A signed statement that the individual is certified under this Regulation No. 8 from each individual who inspects for ACBM or who will design or carry out response actions, except for operations and maintenance. (IV)(J)(5)(h) A detailed description in the form of a blueprint, diagram, or in writing of any ACBM or suspected ACBM assumed to be ACM which remains in the school once response actions are undertaken pursuant to subsection IV.G. (Response Actions). This description shall be updated as response actions are completed. (IV)(J)(5)(i) A plan for reinspection under subsection IV.C. (Inspections & Re-inspections) and a plan for operations and maintenance activities under

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COLORADO subsection IV.H. (Operations & Maintenance), and a plan for periodic surveillance under subsection IV.I. (Training & Periodic Surveillance), a description of the recommendation made by the management planner regarding additional cleaning under subsection IV.H.2.b. (Additional Cleaning) as part of an operations and maintenance program, and the response of the local education agency to that recommendation. (IV)(J)(5)(j) A description of steps taken to inform workers and building occupants, or their legal guardians, about inspections, re-inspections, response actions, and post-response action activities that are planned or in progress. (IV)(J)(5)(k) An evaluation of the resources needed to complete response actions successfully and carry out reinspection, operations and maintenance activities, periodic surveillance and training. (IV)(J)(5)(l) The name of each consultant who contributed to the management plan, and a statement from each such consultant that the consultant is certified under Colorado State law, and a statement that the person is accredited by an EPA approved course (specify course title and sponsor) under section 206(c) of the Title II of TSCA. (IV)(J)(6) A local education agency may require each management plan to contain a statement signed by a certified management plan developer that such plan is in compliance with this section IV (School Requirements). Such statement may not be signed by a person who, in addition to preparing or assisting in preparing the management plan, also implements (or will implement) the management plan. (IV)(J)(7)(a) Upon submission of a management plan to the Division, a local education agency shall keep a copy of the plan in its administrative office. The management plans shall be available, without cost or restriction, for inspection by representatives of EPA and the Division, the public, including teachers, other school personnel and their representatives, and parents. The local education agency may charge a reasonable cost to make copies of management plans. (IV)(J)(7)(b) Each local education agency shall maintain in its administrative office a complete, updated copy of a management plan for each school under its administrative control or direction. The management plans shall be available, during normal business hours, without cost or restriction, for inspection by representatives of EPA and the Division, the public, including teachers, other school personnel and their representatives, and parents. The local education agency may charge a reasonable cost to make copies of management plans. (IV)(J)(7)(c) Each school shall maintain in its administrative office a complete, updated copy of the management plan for that school. Management plans shall be available for inspection, without cost or restriction, to workers before work begins in any area of a school building. The school shall make management plans available for inspection to representatives of EPA and the

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COLORADO Division, the public, including parents, teachers, and other school personnel and their representatives within five working days after receiving a request for inspection. The school may charge a reasonable cost to make copies of the management plan. (IV)(J)(7)(d) Upon submission of its management plan to the Division and at least once each school year, the local education agency shall notify in writing parent, teacher, and employee organizations of the availability of management plans and shall include in the management plan a description of the steps taken to notify such organizations, and a dated copy of the notification. In the absence of any such employees, the local education agency shall provide written notice to that relevant group of the availability of the management plan a description of the steps taken to notify such groups and a dated copy of the notification. (IV)(J)(8) Records required under subsection IV.K. (Recordkeeping) shall be made by local education agencies and maintained as part of the management plan. (IV)(J)(9) Each management plan must contain a true and correct statement, signed by the individual designated by the local education agency under subsection IV.B. (General LEA Responsibilities) which certifies that the general, local education agency responsibilities, as stipulated by subsection IV.B. (General LEA Responsibilities) have been met or will be met. (IV)(K) Recordkeeping (IV)(K)(1) Records required under this section shall be maintained in a centralized location in the administrative office of both the school and the local education agency as part of the management plan. For each homogeneous area where all ACBM has been removed, the local education agency shall ensure that such records are retained for three years after the next reinspection required under subparagraph IV.C.2.a. or for an equivalent period. (IV)(K)(2) For each preventive measure and response action taken for friable and non-friable suspected ACBM assumed to be ACM, the local education agency shall provide: (IV)(K)(2)(a) A detailed written description of the measure or action, including methods used, the location where the measure or action was taken, reasons for selecting the measure or action, start and completion dates of the work, names and addresses of all contractors involved and Colorado Certification numbers, and if ACBM is removed, the name and location of storage or disposal site of the ACM. (IV)(K)(2)(b) The name and signature of any person collecting any air sample required to be collected at the completion of certain response actions specified by section IV.G.9. the locations where samples were collected, date of collection, the name and address of the laboratory analyzing the samples, the date of analysis, the results of the analysis, the method of analysis, the name

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COLORADO and signature of the person performing the analysis, and a statement that the laboratory meets the applicable requirements of clause IV.G.9.b.(ii). (IV)(K)(3) For each person required to be trained under subparagraph IV.I.1.a. or b., the local education agency shall provide the person's name and job title, the date that training was completed by that person, the location of the training, and the number of hours completed in such training. (IV)(K)(4) For each time that periodic surveillance under subparagraph IV.I.2.a. is performed, the local education agency shall record the name of each person performing the surveillance, the date of surveillance and any changes in the conditions of the materials. (IV)(K)(5) For each time that cleaning under paragraph IV.H.2. (Cleaning) is performed, the local education agency shall record the name of each person performing the cleaning, the date of such cleaning, the locations cleaned, and the methods used to perform such cleaning. (IV)(K)(6) For each time that operations and maintenance activities under paragraph IV.H.3. (Operations & Maintenance Activities) are performed, the local education agency shall record the name of each person performing the activity, the start and completion dates of the activity, the locations where such activity occurred, a description of the activity including preventive measures used, and if ACBM is removed, the name and location of storage or disposal site of the ACM. (IV)(K)(7) For each time that major asbestos activity under paragraph IV.H.4. (Maintenance Activities) is performed the local education agency shall provide the name and signature, and the Colorado Certification number of each person performing the activity, the start and completion dates of the activity, the locations where such activity occurred, a description of the activity including preventive measures used, and if ACBM is removed, the name and location of storage or disposal site of the ACM. (IV)(K)(8) For each fiber release episode under paragraph IV.H.5. (Fiber Release Activities) the local education agency shall provide the date and location of the episode, the method of repair, preventive measures or response action taken, the name of each person performing the work, and if ACBM is removed, the name and location of storage or disposal site of the ACM. (IV)(L) Warning Labels The local education agency shall attach a warning label immediately adjacent to any friable and non-friable ACBM and suspected ACBM assumed to be ACM located in routine maintenance areas (such as boiler rooms) at each school building. This shall include:

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COLORADO (IV)(L)(1) Friable ACBM that was responded to by a means other than removal. (IV)(L)(2) ACBM for which no response action was carried out. (IV)(L)(3) All labels shall be prominently displayed in readily visible locations and shall remain posted until the ACBM that is labeled is removed. (IV)(L)(4) The warning label shall read, in print which is readily visible because of large size or bright color, as follows: CAUTION: ASBESTOS. HAZARDOUS. DO NOT DISTURB WITHOUT PROPER TRAINING AND EQUIPMENT. (IV)(M) Exclusions (IV)(M)(1) A local education agency shall not be required to perform an inspection under paragraph IV.C.1. (Inspections) in any sampling area or homogeneous area of a school building where: (IV)(M)(1)(a) A certified inspector has determined that, based on sampling records, friable ACBM was identified in that homogeneous or sampling area during an inspection conducted before December 14, 1987. The inspector shall sign and date a statement to that effect with his or her Colorado Certification number and, within 30 days after such determination, submit a copy of the statement to the person designated under subsection IV.B. (General LEA Responsibilities) for inclusion in the management plan. However, a certified inspector shall assess the friable ACBM under subsection IV.F. (Assessment). (IV)(M)(1)(b) A certified inspector has determined that, based on sampling records, non-friable ACBM was identified in that homogeneous or sampling area during an inspection conducted before December 14, 1987. The inspector shall sign and date a statement to that effect with his or her certification number and, within 30 days after such determination, submit a copy of the statement to the person designated under subsection IV.B. (General LEA Responsibilities) for inclusion in the management plan. However, a certified inspector shall identify whether material that was non-friable has become friable since that previous inspection and shall assess the newly-friable ACBM under subsection IV.F. (Assessment) (IV)(M)(1)(c) Based on sampling records and inspection records, a certified inspector has determined that no ACBM is present in the homogeneous or sampling area and the records show that the area was sampled, before December 14. 1987 in substantial compliance with paragraph IV.C.1. (Inspections) which for purposes of this section means in a random manner and with a sufficient number of samples to reasonably ensure that the area is not ACBM. (IV)(M)(1)(c)(i) The certified inspector shall sign and date a statement, with his or

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COLORADO her certification number, that the homogeneous or sampling area determined not to be ACBM was sampled in substantial compliance with paragraph IV.C.1. (Inspections). (IV)(M)(1)(c)(ii) Within 30 days after the inspector's determination, the local education agency shall submit a copy of the inspector's statement to the Division and shall include the statement in the management plan for that school. (IV)(M)(1)(d) The Division has determined that, based on sampling records and inspection records, no ACBM is present in the homogeneous or sampling area and the records show that the area was sampled before December 14, 1987, in substantial compliance with paragraph IV.C.1. (Inspections). Such determination shall be included in the management plan for that school. (IV)(M)(1)(e) A certified inspector has determined that, based on records of an inspection conducted before December 14, 1987, suspected ACBM identified in that homogeneous or sampling area is assumed to be ACM. The inspector shall sign and date a statement to that effect, with his or her State of Colorado Certification number and, within 30 days of such determination, submit a copy of the statement to the person designated under subsection IV.B. (Genera LEA Responsibilities) for inclusion in the management plan. However, a certified inspector shall identify whether material that was nonfriable suspected ACBM assumed to be ACM has become friable since the previous inspection and shall assess the newly friable material and previously identified friable suspected ACBM assumed to be ACM under subsection IV.F. (Assessment). (IV)(M)(1)(f) Based on inspection records and contractor and clearance records, a certified inspector has determined that no ACBM is present in the homogeneous or sampling area where asbestos removal operations have been conducted before December 14, 1987, and shall sign and date a statement to that effect and include his or her State of Colorado Certification number. The local education agency shall submit a copy of the statement to the Division and shall include the statement in the management plan for that school. (IV)(M)(1)(g) An architect or project engineer responsible for the construction of a new school building built after October 12, 1988, or a certified inspector signs a statement that no ACBM was specified as a building material in any construction document for the building, or, to the best of his or her knowledge, no ACBM was used as a building material in the building. The local education agency shall submit a copy of the signed statement of the architect, project engineer, or certified inspector to the Division and shall include the statement in the management plan for that school. (IV)(M)(2) The exclusion, under subparagraphs 1.a. through d. of this subsection, from conducting the inspection under paragraph IV.C.1. (Inspections) shall apply only to homogeneous or sampling areas of a school building that were inspected and sampled before October 17, 1987. The local education agency shall conduct an inspection under paragraph IV.C.1. (Inspections) of all areas

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COLORADO inspected before October 17, 1987, that were not sampled or were not assumed to be ACM. (IV)(M)(3) If ACBM is subsequently found in a homogeneous or sampling area of a local education agency that had been identified as receiving an exclusion by a certified inspector under subparagraphs 1.c.,d. and e. of this section, or an architect, project engineer or certified inspector under subparagraph 1.g. of this section, the local education agency shall have 180 days following the date of identification of ACBM to comply with this section IV (School Requirements).

Section (V) State Building Requirements (V)(A) Scope and Purpose State agencies shall follow the assessment procedures prescribed by this section prior to conducting any response action for friable ACM in an area of public access that exceeds 260 linear feet on pipes, 160 square feet on other surfaces, or the volume equivalent of a 55-gallon drum. The prescribed assessment procedures require state agencies to identify friable and potentially friable ACM; sample such materials; assess the condition of suspected ACM; and conduct air monitoring to determine the level of fibers in the air. In addition, state agencies are required to use individuals who have been certified as Inspectors and Management Planners (see section II) to complete the inspections and make recommendations to building managers as to the appropriate response action to be taken. (V)(B) General State Agency Responsibilities. Each state agency shall: (V)(B)(1) Ensure that the activities of all persons who perform inspections or conduct asbestos abatement actions are carried out in accordance with sections I, II, III and V of this regulation. (V)(B)(2)(a) Designate an asbestos coordinator to ensure that the requirements of this section are properly implemented. (V)(B)(2)(b) Ensure that the asbestos coordinator receives adequate training to perform duties assigned under this section. Such training shall provide, as necessary, basic knowledge of: (V)(B)(2)(b)(i) Health effects of asbestos. (V)(B)(2)(b)(ii) Detection, identification, and assessment of ACM. (V)(B)(2)(b)(iii) Options for controlling ACM. (V)(B)(2)(b)(iv) Asbestos management programs. (V)(B)(2)(b)(v) Relevant Federal and State regulations concerning asbestos, including those in this Regulation and those of the U.S. Department of Transportation and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (V)(B)(2)(c) A person who has received "Inspector" training and certification according to section II (Certification) is deemed to be adequately trained to function as the asbestos coordinator.

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COLORADO (V)(C) Inspections (V)(C)(1) Prior to conducting an asbestos response action in an area of public access that exceeds 260 linear feet on pipes, 160 square feet on other surfaces, or the volume equivalent of a 55-gallon drum in any state-owned or state-leased building, state agencies shall inspect the affected area of such buildings to identify all locations of friable and potentially friable ACM. Potentially friable ACM is any ACM that can reasonably be expected to become friable as a result of anticipated renovation or demolition work. (V)(C)(2) Each inspection shall be made by a certified inspector. (V)(C)(3) Except as excluded under subsection H. (Exclusion), the person performing an inspection under this section shall: (V)(C)(3)(a) Visually inspect the area to identify the locations of all suspected ACM. (V)(C)(3)(b) Touch all suspected ACM to determine whether they are friable. (V)(C)(3)(c) Identify all homogeneous areas of friable suspected ACM and all homogeneous areas of potentially friable suspected ACM. (V)(C)(3)(d) Pursuant to subsection D. (Sampling); collect bulk samples from each suspect homogeneous area and submit such samples for analysis pursuant to subsection E. (Analysis). (V)(C)(3)(e) Develop a written assessment of the extent, condition and types of materials in the area. Such assessment shall be performed pursuant to subsection F. (Assessment). (V)(C)(3)(f) Record the following and submit to the Asbestos Coordinator under subsection B. (General State Agency Responsibilities), a copy of such record. (V)(C)(3)(f)(i) An inspection report with the date of the inspection signed by the certified person making the inspection, and his or her certification number. (V)(C)(3)(f)(ii) An inventory of the locations of the homogeneous areas where samples are collected, exact locations where each bulk sample is collected, and dates that samples are collected. (V)(C)(3)(f)(iii) A list identifying each homogeneous area listed under paragraph c. above as surfacing material, thermal system insulation, or miscellaneous material. (V)(C)(3)(f)(iv) Assessments made of friable and potentially friable material, the name and signature of each certified inspector making the assessment, and his or her certification number. (V)(D) Sampling (V)(D)(1) Surfacing material Prior to conducting an asbestos response action in an area of public access that exceeds 260 linear on pipes, 160 square feet on other surfaces, or the volume equivalent of a 55-gallon drum in any stateowned or state-leased building, the State Agency shall insure that a certified inspector shall collect, in a randomly distributed manner that is representative of the homogeneous area, bulk samples from each

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COLORADO homogeneous area of suspect friable and potentially friable, surfacing material. The samples shall be collected as follows: (V)(D)(1)(a) At least three bulk samples shall be collected from each homogeneous area that is 1,000 square feet or less. (V)(D)(1)(b) At least five bulk samples shall be collected from each homogeneous area that is greater than 1,000 square feet but less than or equal to 5,000 square feet. (V)(D)(1)(c) At least seven bulk samples shall be collected from each homogeneous area that is greater than 5,000 square feet. (V)(D)(2) Thermal System Insulation (V)(D)(2)(a) Except as provided in subparagraphs b., c. and d. of this section, a certified inspector shall collect, in a randomly distributed manner, at least three bulk samples from each homogeneous area of thermal system insulation that is not assumed to be ACM. (V)(D)(2)(b) Collect at least one bulk sample from each homogeneous area of patched thermal system insulation if the patched section is less than 6 linear or square feet. (V)(D)(2)(c) In a manner sufficient to determine whether the material is ACM or not ACM, collect bulk samples from each insulated mechanical system where cement or plaster is used on fittings such as tees, elbows, or valves. An area may be determined to contain ACM based on a single positive asbestos sample as described in subparagraph V.E.3.b. (V)(D)(2)(d) Bulk samples are not required to be collected from any homogeneous area where the certified inspector has determined that the thermal system insulation is fiberglass, foam glass, rubber, or other non-ACM. (V)(D)(3) Miscellaneous Material In a manner sufficient to determine whether material is ACM or not ACM, a certified inspector shall collect bulk samples from each homogeneous area of friable miscellaneous material that is suspected to be ACM. (V)(D)(4) The state agency shall perform air sampling prior to any response action that in an area of public access exceeds 260 linear feet on pipes, 160 square feet on other surfaces, or the volume equivalent of a 55-gallon drum. The procedures described in paragraph III C.7. (Maximum Allowable Asbestos Level), shall be followed. (V)(E) Analysis (V)(E)(1) State agencies shall have bulk samples, collected under subsection D. (Sampling) analyzed for asbestos by laboratories accredited by the National Bureau of Standards (NBS). State agencies shall use laboratories which have received interim accreditation for polarized light microscopy (PLM) analysis under the EPA Interim Asbestos Bulk Sample Analysis Quality Assurance Program until the NBS PLM laboratory accreditation program for PLM is

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COLORADO operational. (V)(E)(2) Bulk samples shall not be composited for analysis. (V)(E)(3)(a) A homogeneous area is considered not to contain ACM only if the results of all samples submitted for analysis show asbestos in amounts of one percent or less. (V)(E)(3)(b) A homogeneous area shall be determined to contain ACM based on a finding that the results of at least one sample collected from that area shows that asbestos is present in an amount greater than one percent. (V)(E)(4) The name and address of each laboratory performing an analysis, the date of analysis, and the name and signature of the person performing the analysis, shall be submitted to the asbestos coordinator designated under subsection B. (General State Agency Responsibilities). (V)(E)(5) Air samples shall be analyzed according to the procedures described in paragraph III.C.7. (Maximum Allowable Asbestos Level). (V)(F) Assessment (V)(F)(1)(a) For each inspection conducted under subsection D. (Exclusion) and previous inspections specified under subsection H. The state agency shall have a certified inspector provide a written assessment of all friable material that is known or assumed ACM in a state building. (V)(F)(1)(b) Each certified inspector providing a written assessment shall sign and date the assessment, provide his or her certification number, and submit a copy of the assessment to the Asbestos Coordinator designated under subsection B. (General State Agency Requirements). (V)(F)(2) The inspector shall classify and give reasons in the written assessment for classifying the ACM and suspected ACM assumed to be ACM in the state building into one of the following categories: (V)(F)(2)(a) Damaged or significantly damaged thermal system insulation ACM. (V)(F)(2)(b) Damaged friable surfacing ACM. (V)(F)(2)(c) Significantly damaged friable surfacing ACM. (V)(F)(2)(d) Damaged or significantly damaged friable miscellaneous ACM. (V)(F)(2)(e) ACM with potential for damage. (V)(F)(2)(f) ACM with potential for significant damage. (V)(F)(2)(g) Any remaining friable ACM or friable material suspected to be ACM. (V)(F)(2)(h) Undamaged material known or suspected to be ACM. (V)(F)(3) Assessment shall include the following considerations: (V)(F)(3)(a) Location and the amount of the material, both in total quantity and as a percentage of the functional space. (V)(F)(3)(b) Condition of the material, specifying:

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COLORADO (V)(F)(3)(b)(i) Type of damage or significant damage (e.g., flaking, blistering, water damage, or other signs of physical damage). (V)(F)(3)(b)(ii) Severity of damage (e.g., major flaking, severely torn jackets, as opposed to occasional flaking, minor tears to jackets). (V)(F)(3)(b)(iii) Extent or spread of damage over large areas or large percentages of the homogeneous area. (V)(F)(3)(c) Whether the material is accessible by building occupants. (V)(F)(3)(d) The material's potential for disturbance. (V)(F)(3)(e) Known or suspected causes of damage or significant damage (e.g., air erosion, vandalism, vibration, water). (V)(F)(3)(f) Preventive measures which might eliminate the reasonable likelihood of undamaged ACM from becoming significantly damaged. (V)(F)(3)(g) The results of any air monitoring. (V)(F)(4) The state agency shall select a person certified to develop management plans (see section II) to recommend, in writing to the state agency the appropriate response actions. Prior to making a recommendation, such certified person shall review all inspections and assessments, and may conduct any other activities necessary to support his or her recommendations. The certified person shall sign and date the recommendation, and provide his or her certification number, and submit a copy of the recommendations to the asbestos coordinator. (V)(G) Recordkeeping (V)(G)(1) For each response action taken, the Asbestos Coordinator for each state agency shall document in a file to be maintained with building records: (V)(G)(1)(a) A detailed written description of the measure or action, including methods used; the location where the measure or action was taken; reasons for selecting the measure or action; start and completion dates of the work; names and addresses of all contractors involved and certification numbers; and if ACM is removed, the name and location of storage or disposal site of the ACM. (V)(G)(1)(b) The name and signature of any person collecting any air samples required to be collected by subsection D. (Sampling), the locations where samples were collected, date of collection, the name and address of the laboratory analyzing the samples, the date of analysis, the results of the analysis, the method of analysis, the name and signature of the person performing the analysis, and a statement that the laboratory meets the accreditation requirements of clause III.D.1.a.(ii). (V)(G)(2) For each exclusion provided by subsection H. (Exclusions) below, a statement signed by a certified inspector that meets the requirements of subsection H. (Exclusions) shall be included in the record. (V)(H) Exclusions

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COLORADO (V)(H)(1) A state agency shall not be required to perform an inspection under paragraph V.C.1. (Inspections) in any area of a state building where: (V)(H)(1)(a) A certified inspector has determined that, based on sampling records, friable or potentially friable ACM was identified in that homogeneous or sampling area during an inspection conducted before the effective date of this regulation. The inspector shall sign and date a statement to that effect with his or her certification number and include such a statement as part of the record required by subsection G. (Recordkeeping) However, a certified inspector/management planner shall assess the friable ACBM under subsection F., and shall conduct air monitoring, if not already completed. (V)(H)(1)(b) Based on sampling records and inspection records, a certified inspector has determined that no ACM is present in the homogeneous or sampling area and the records show that the area was sampled, before the effective date of this regulation, in substantial compliance with section V.C.1. (Inspections), which for purposes of this section means in a random manner and with a sufficient number of samples to reasonably ensure that the area is free of ACM. The certified inspector shall sign and date a statement, with his or her certification number that the homogeneous or sampling area determined not to be ACM was sampled in substantial compliance with section V.D.1. (Surfacing Materials). (V)(H)(1)(c) Based on inspection records a certified inspector has determined that no ACM is present in the homogeneous or sampling area because asbestos removal operations have been conducted before the effective date of this regulation. The inspector shall sign and date a statement to that effect and include his or her certification number. The state agency shall include the statement as part of the recordkeeping for that agency. (V)(H)(1)(d) An architect or project engineer responsible for the construction of a new state building built after the effective date of this regulation, or a certified inspector signs a statement that no ACM was specified as a building material in any construction document for the building, or, to the best of his or her knowledge, no ACM was used as a building material in the building. The state agency shall place a copy of the signed statement in asbestos records for the agency. (V)(H)(2) The exclusion, under subparagraph 1.a. through d. of this subsection, from conducting the inspection under paragraph V.C.1 (Inspections) shall apply only to homogeneous or sampling areas of a building that were inspected and sampled before the effective date of this regulation.

Section (VI) Enforcement (VI)(A) General Authority (VI)(A)(1) The Division shall enforce compliance with the provisions of Part 5 of the Act and the rules and regulations promulgated there under, and any

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COLORADO order issued pursuant thereto. (VI)(A)(2) The Division may enter, inspect, and monitor any property, premises, or place where demolition, renovation, or the performance of asbestos abatement is taking place, for the purpose of investigating any actual, suspected, or potential source of air pollution or ascertaining compliance or noncompliance with any requirement of this article or any order or permit, or term or condition thereof, issued or promulgated pursuant to this article, or any requirement of the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants Asbestos Regulations (40 CFR Part 61, Subpart M, EPA 1995). The Division may, at reasonable times, have access to and copy any record, inspect any monitoring equipment or method, or sample any emissions required pursuant to Part 5 of the act; except that, if such entry or inspection is denied or not consented to and no emergency exists, the division is empowered to and shall obtain from the district or county court for the district or county in which such property, premises, or place is located a warrant to enter and inspect any such property, premises, or place prior to entry and inspection. The district and county courts of this state are empowered to issue such warrants upon a proper showing of the need for such entry and inspection. Any information relating to secret processes or methods of manufacture or production obtained in the course of the inspection or investigation shall be kept confidential. A duplicate of any analytical report or observation of any air pollutant by the division shall be furnished promptly to the person who is suspected of causing such air pollution. (VI)(A)(3) Whenever the Division has reason to believe that any person has violated any of the provisions of this regulation the Division may issue a notice of violation and cease and desist order. The notice of violation shall set forth the provision, rule, or regulation alleged to have been violated and the facts constituting such violation. The cease and desist order shall set forth the measures which the person shall take to eliminate the violation and the time within which these measures shall be performed. The order may require that the person stop work at the asbestos abatement project until the violation has been eliminated or may require a school to properly prepare, submit and implement an asbestos management plan by a date specified by the Division. (VI)(A)(4) If the recipient of a cease and desist order issued pursuant to paragraph 3 of above fails to comply with the terms of the order within the time specified, the Division may file an action in the District Court of the county where the violation is alleged to have occurred requesting that the court order the person to comply with the cease and desist order. When

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COLORADO the Division alleges that the violation poses a significant danger to the health of any person, the court shall grant such action priority. (VI)(A)(5) Unless the Division has filed an action in the District Court pursuant to paragraph 4 of this subsection, a recipient of a cease and desist order may request a hearing before the Commission to contest the cease and desist order. Such a request shall be filed within 30 days after the cease and desist order has been issued. A hearing on the cease and desist order shall be held pursuant to section 25-7-119. (VI)(A)(6) Upon a finding by the Division that a person is in violation of any of the provisions of Part 5 of the Act or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, the Division may assess a penalty of up to $25,000 per day of violation or such lesser amount as may be required by applicable federal law or regulation. In determining the amount of the penalty to be assessed, the Division shall consider the seriousness of the danger to the public's health caused by the violation, whether or not the violation was willful, the duration of the violation, and the record of the person committing such violation. (VI)(A)(7) A person subject to a penalty assessed pursuant to paragraph 6 of this subsection may appeal the penalty to the Commission by requesting a hearing before the Commission. Such requests shall be filed within 30 days after the penalty assessment is issued. A hearing pursuant to this paragraph 7 shall be conducted pursuant to section 25-7-119. (VI)(B) Injunctive Proceedings. (VI)(B)(1) The division may, in the name of the people of the State of Colorado, through the Attorney General of the State of Colorado, apply for an injunction in any court of competent jurisdiction: (VI)(B)(1)(a) to enjoin any person from committing any act prohibited by the provisions of Part 5 of the Act; (VI)(B)(1)(b) to enjoin a certified person from practicing the profession for which he is certified under Part 5 of the Act. (VI)(B)(2) If it is established that the defendant has been or is committing any act prohibited by Part 5 of the Act, the court shall enter a decree perpetually enjoining said defendant from further committing said act or from practicing asbestos abatement. (VI)(B)(3) Such injunctive proceedings shall be in addition to and not in lieu of all penalties and other remedies provided in Part 5 of the Act.

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COLORADO (VI)(B)(4) When seeking an injunction under this section, the division shall not be required to allege or prove either that an adequate remedy at law does not exist or that substantial or irreparable damage would result from a continued violation.

Section (VII) Statement of Basis and Purpose (VII)(A) Amendment to section II- Incorporation of the EPA Model Accreditation Plan by Reference (March 21, 1996) Background The Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act of 1986 (AHERA) (15 U.S.C. 2646) was enacted to identify, manage and reduce exposure to asbestos in schools. The Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Reauthorization Act of 1990 (ASHARA) (Public Law 101-637) extended the training and certification requirements of AHERA to public and commercial buildings. Both acts require the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to promulgate minimum standards for the conduct of this training. In addition, states are mandated by both acts to either adopt EPA's Model Accreditation Plan (MAP), as presented in 40 CFR Part 763, or create programs that are at least as stringent as the EPA MAP. The state act contemplates adoption of the pertinent federal training requirements in 25-7- 503 (1)(f)(I). Through this rulemaking, the Commission is incorporating by reference the Model Accreditation Plan into Air Quality Control Commission Regulation Number 8, Part B, section II to comply with federal and state laws. Specific Authority The specific authority for this regulation is found in the Colorado Air Quality Control Act. Section 25-7-503 (1)(f)(I) provides authority to promulgate regulations regarding the training required to apply for state asbestos certification. This regulation will establish appropriate minimum training standards that will meet both state and federal mandates. Purpose Regulation 8 generally provides protection to Colorado citizens from exposure to asbestos, a Class A carcinogen, caused by improper abatements due to inadequate training of asbestos workers, supervisors, inspectors, management planners and project designers. This rule will protect against potentially adverse economic impacts that might result against course providers in Colorado. This rule also helps protect against adverse health and environmental effects that may be caused by improperly trained asbestos workers. In addition, this rule will meet the requirements of federal law (AHERA) and state law (Colorado Air Quality Control Act).

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COLORADO (VII)(B) Revisions resulting from HB 95-1016 (adopted September 19, 1996) Basis The Commission adopted revisions to Regulation No. 8, Part B, recommended by the Division to comply with state legislative directives, and to make other revisions reflecting changes in the federal program and appropriate changes to make the state program more effective and clear. A variety of recommended revisions were appropriate given that Regulation No. 8 has not been reopened and revised for over three years, apart from a recent limited revision regarding the EPA Model Accreditation Plan, and it was necessary to bring the regulation up to date. The state asbestos program is not part of the State Implementation Plan (SIP), and the revisions approved by the Commission today will not be submitted to EPA as part of Colorado's SIP. Specific Statutory Authority Specific authority exists for the Commission's revisions in § 25-7-105(10), and § 25-7-501 et seq., C.R.S. In 1995 the Colorado legislature enacted HB 951016 amending Part 5, Asbestos Control, to require a variety of changes to the program. Section 25-7-503 provides the Commission with many separate specific authorities including, for example, specifying abatement practices and procedures, assessing notification fees, prescribing inspection and monitoring requirements, enforcing the maximum allowable asbestos level of 0.01 fibers per cubic centimeter, and requiring training and examinations. Other sections in Part 5 provide authority for specific requirements related, for example, to certification of personnel involved in asbestos abatement. Each of the revisions adopted by the Commission today are supported by specific authority within Part 5. Purpose The Commission revises Regulation No. 8, Part B, regarding asbestos regulation to effectuate recent state legislative directives, to ensure the public is protected by minimizing the release of asbestos, to address changes to the federal National Emissions Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) Subpart M regarding asbestos, and to update the regulation for efficiency and clarity. The Commission adopts the substantive changes recommended by the Division and relies upon the record to support those changes. The Commission adopts the Division's proposals to eliminate unnecessary administrative text where it has been found in the regulation. Also, the Commission adopts various incorporations by reference recommended by the Division to bring Regulation No. 8, Part B, into conformity with the Colorado APA. The Commission raises the minimum scope of asbestos abatement subject to the program as recommended by the Division to conform with the NESHAP for asbestos and as directed in § 25-7-503(1)(b), C.R.S. The Commission

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COLORADO acknowledges certain statutory changes that are prescriptive from HB 951016, e.g., the effect of a plea of nolo contendere (§ 25-7-508(2)(a)(II)(C), C.R.S.), and prohibition from seeking recertification within one year after the Division revokes certification for a violation of the regulation (§ 25-7-508(6), C.R.S.). The Commission approves the Division devising application procedures to offer certificates for a one, three or five year period at the option of the applicant (§§ 25-7-506(2), -507.5(2)(b), C.R.S.). The Commission has considered the record and adopts the Division's proposals regarding the project manager discipline and project design requirements. The Commission believes the project manager duties are reasonable and appropriate, and determines at this time that imposing a college-level or higher education requirement would unnecessarily preclude otherwise qualified persons from performing these duties and that education at such a level was not required by the legislature (§§ 25-7-502(7.5), 503(1)(b)(V)). The Commission approves of the independence requirement for project managers from abatement contractors, and the separate independence requirement for inspectors from abatement contractors as reasonable and required by statute (§ 25-7- 503(1)(b)(V), C.R.S.). The Commission adopts the additional training and updated work practices appendix for the removal of sheet vinyl containing asbestos based on the record. The Commission believes this is generally consistent with EPA's NESHAP and with §§ 25-7-501 and -503(1)(a), C.R.S. by reducing the risk of the release of asbestos fibers. Further, the Commission approves revisions to the definitions of asbestos containing waste material, facility, cutting, and grinding as consistent with EPA's NESHAP. The Commission approves the disclosure regarding certification of workers conducting abatement in single family residences as required by § 25-7-504(3), C.R.S., to ensure that those doing the work are properly certified and therefore properly trained. The Commission also adopts revisions to procedures for use of glovebags on abatement projects as being reasonable and efficient, and providing practical assistance to those conducting abatements while protecting the public from exposure to asbestos. Based upon documents submitted and considered pursuant to § 25-7-110.5, C.R.S., the Commission makes the following findings: (VII)(B)(1) the Commission has considered and has based its decision upon the reasonably available, validated, reviewed and sound scientific methodologies and information made available by interested parties; (VII)(B)(2) where these revisions are not administrative in nature, the record supports that the revisions will result in a demonstrable reduction in asbestos fiber releases or prevent asbestos releases where they might

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COLORADO otherwise occur; (VII)(B)(3) the revisions selected are the most cost-effective based upon the documents submitted pursuant to § 25-7-110.5(4),, C.R.S., they provide the regulated community with flexibility, and achieve necessary reductions or prevention of the release of asbestos, and; (VII)(B)(4) the revisions selected will maximize the air quality benefits of asbestos regulation in the most cost-effective manner.

APPENDIX A (A) Small Scale Projects This section is non-mandatory. It was designed to provide guidance to contractors in conducting asbestos abatement in a safe fashion. (A)(1) If friable asbestos-containing materials, in any amount less than orequal to 260 linear feet on pipes, 160 square feet on other surfaces, or the volume equivalent of a 55-gallon drum, will be abated, all of paragraph 4 below should be followed. (A)(2) Nothing in this Appendix A shall prevent an owner or operator from employing the work practices contained in paragraph III.C.2. (Asbestos Abatement Work Practices) if it is more prudent or practical to do so. (A)(3) For the purposes of this Appendix A, small scale, short-duration renovation and maintenance activities include but are not limited to: (A)(3)(a) removal of asbestos-containing insulation on pipes; (A)(3)(b) removal of small quantities of asbestos-containing insulation on beams or above ceilings; (A)(3)(c) replacement of an asbestos-containing gasket on a valve; (A)(3)(d) installation or removal of a small section of drywall; (A)(3)(e) installation of electrical conduits through or proximate to asbestos-containing materials. (A)(4) The following controls and work practices may be used to reduce asbestos exposures during small maintenance and renovation operations: (A)(4)(a) All movable objects should be removed from the work area to protect them from asbestos contamination. Objects that cannot be removed should be covered completely with six (6) mil polyethylene plastic sheeting before work begins. If contamination has already occurred, they should be thoroughly cleaned with a High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filtered vacuum or wet wiped before they are removed from the work area, or completely encased in plastic. (A)(4)(b) Wet Methods Whenever feasible, wet methods, such as those described

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COLORADO in subparagraph III.C.2.i. (Wetting) should be used during small scale, shortduration maintenance and renovation projects. (A)(4)(c) Removal Methods (A)(4)(c)(i) Use of glovebags should be in accordance with subparagraph III.C.2.f. (Glovebags). (A)(4)(c)(ii) If a facility component is to be removed from a structure in order that abatement be performed at an alternate location, the facility component should be completely wrapped in polyethylene and removed to an area where the stripping can be done safely. (A)(4)(d) Containment Barriers (A)(4)(d)(i) Containment Barriers may be constructed in accordance with subparagraph III.C.2.a. (Containment); (A)(4)(d)(ii) Mini containment barriers may be constructed in the following manner: (A)(4)(d)(ii)(A) Affix polyethylene sheeting to the walls with spray adhesive and tape; (A)(4)(d)(ii)(B) Cover the floor with polyethylene and seal it to the polyethylene covering the walls; (A)(4)(d)(ii)(C) Seal any penetrations such as pipes or electrical conduits with tape; and (A)(4)(d)(ii)(D) Construct a small change room (approximately 3 feet square) made of 6 mil polyethylene supported by 2 inch by 4 inch lumber (the polyethylene should be attached to the lumber supports with staples or spray adhesive and tape). (A)(4)(d)(ii)(E) The change room should be contiguous to the work area and is necessary to allow the worker to vacuum off his protective coveralls and remove them before leaving the work area. (A)(4)(d)(ii)(F) While inside the work area, the worker should wear Tyvek® disposable coveralls, in accordance with subparagraph III.C.2.l. (Coveralls). (A)(4)(d)(ii)(G) Either a HEPA vacuum or a negative air HEPA unit should be used to establish negative air within the enclosure, in accordance with subparagraph III.C.2.a. (Containment). (A)(4)(e) Clearance Air Monitoring All requirements of paragraph III.C.7.a. (Clearing Abatement Projects) are optional, except that if air monitoring is performed, and the area has public access, the maximum allowable asbestos level shall not be exceeded.

APPENDIX B Brochure Recommended Work Practices for the Removal of Resilient Floor Coverings

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APPENDIX C Training Course Outline Removal of Resilient Floor Coverings in Accordance with Appendix B These courses are designed to train workers to remove asbestos containing flooring materials in accordance with Appendix B to this regulation. Unless the flooring materials are removed in accordance with sections I, II, and III of this regulation, persons who remove asbestos containing flooring materials must complete the 8-hour employee training course, including receiving a passing examination grade; persons who supervise the removal of asbestos containing flooring materials must complete the 8-hour employee training course (including receiving a passing examination grade) and then successfully complete the additional course, including receiving a passing grade on a separate examination covering sections 10-13 of this outline. NOTE: Completion of these training courses does not satisfy the training requirements for Colorado certification as an asbestos abatement worker or asbestos abatement supervisor as provided in section II of this regulation. 8-HOUR EMPLOYEE TRAINING COURSE Section 1 Background Information on Asbestos (slides, lecture, workbook, quiz) • Characteristics of asbestos • Categories of asbestos-containing building materials • Friable and non-friable condition of materials • List of suspect asbestos-containing materials • Determination/identification of asbestos-containing materials (including presumptions regarding flooring materials) • Control options • Potential health effects related to exposure to airborne asbestos • Hazards of smoking and asbestos exposure • Protective work practices and controls to minimize asbestos exposure Section 2 Laws and Regulations (video, slides, lecture, workbook, quiz) • Current regulations concerning the removal and disposal of asbestoscontaining materials • Regulated areas/Respirators/Negative Air Pressure/Protective Clothing/Decontamination Procedures • How regulations are enforced • Federal Government agencies that regulate asbestos removal • OSHA Asbestos Standard • EPA NESHAP • EPA AHERA and ASHARA • DOT Regulations • Difference between federal and state asbestos laws

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COLORADO • • Section 3 • • • • • • • • Section 4 • • • • Section 5 • • • • Section 6 • • • • Section 7 • • Section 8 • Section 9

78

State and local asbestos regulations Hazard Communication Standard and safety issues Asbestos-Containing Resilient Flooring Materials (slides, lecture, workbook, quiz) Walk through survey versus bulk sample analysis Types of floor coverings which contain asbestos Determining friability of resilient floor coverings (EPA Recommended Test) Flooring adhesives which contain asbestos Alternatives to removing asbestos-containing floor covering and adhesives Methods which should not be used to remove resilient floor covering materials Waste disposal procedures Notification requirements Removal of Resilient Floor Tile Video demonstration of properly removing floor tile Live demonstration of properly removing floor tile “Hands on" student practice removing floor tiles using heat and without heat Quiz Removal of Residual Asphaltic Adhesive Video demonstration of proper procedure for removing adhesive Review of proper procedure for removing adhesive "Hands on" student practice removing adhesive Quiz Removal of Resilient Sheet Flooring Video demonstration of proper procedure for removing sheet flooring Live demonstration of proper procedure for removing sheet flooring "Hands on" student practice removing sheet flooring Quiz Complete Removal of Wood Underlayment Video demonstration of proper procedures for removing resilient flooring complete with underlayment Review of proper procedures for complete removal of wood underlayment Review Review previous instruction and clarify any unanswered questions Examination Covering sections 1-7

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COLORADO ADDITIONAL TRAINING COURSE FOR PERSONS SUPERVISING THE REMOVAL OF FLOORING MATERIALS (4-Hour Minimum) Section 10 Prework Activities and Considerations • Determination of asbestos-containing materials • Methods of identification • Walk through survey/bulk sampling • Common building materials containing asbestos • Review of regulations • OSHA • EPA • DOT • State and Local Section 11 Assessment of the Work Area • Site preparation considerations • Conducting a Negative Exposure Assessment • Isolating the work area • Adjacent areas • Regulated areas • Safety hazards Section 12 Notification, Recordkeeping, and Waste Disposal • Recordkeeping requirements • Notification requirements • Warning signs • Special equipment • Transport and disposal of asbestos waste Section 13 Supervising Workers • Establishing goals • Providing clear instructions • Establishing expectations • Use of supervisory authority • Motivating workers Section 14 Review and Examination • Review • Examination (covering sections 10-13)

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Notes and Scribbles

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FLORIDA CHAPTER 62-257 ASBESTOS PROGRAM 62-257.100 Purpose and Scope. 62-257.200 Definitions. 62-257.300 Applicability. (Repealed) 62-257.301 Notification Procedure and Fee. 62-257.350 National Emission Standard for Asbestos. (Repealed) 62-257.400 Fee Schedule. 62-257.401 Enforcement. (Repealed) 62-257.900 Form.

Purpose and Scope. (1) (2)

(3)

(4)

This chapter implements Section 376.60, F.S., by establishing a fee schedule for asbestos removal projects. The purpose of the Department's asbestos removal program is to prevent the release of significant amounts of asbestos fibers to the outside air during demolition or renovation activities. Asbestos fibers in the outside air present a risk to human health. The purpose of the fee is to fund the implementation of the Department's asbestos removal program as prescribed in this chapter and in 40 CFR Part 61, Subpart M – National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for Asbestos, adopted and incorporated by reference in Rule 62204.800, F.A.C. This chapter requires prior notification to the Department in accordance with 40 CFR Part 61, Subpart M. Specific Authority Law Implemented History– Amended

376.60, 403.061 FS. 376.60, 403.061 FS. New 3-31-94, Formerly 17-257.100, 11-23-94, 3-24-96, 2-9-99.

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FLORIDA

62-257.200 Definitions. (1) (2) (3) (4)

(5)

(6) (7) (8)

(9) (10)

(11) (12)

2

"Asbestos" means the asbestiform varieties of serpentinite (chrysotile), riebeckite (crocidolite), cummingtonite-grunerite, anthophyllite, and actinolite-tremolite and includes trade acronyms products such as amosite. "Asbestos-containing Materials", ACM, means any materials which contain more than one percent asbestos as determined by Polarized Light Microscopy. "Asbestos Removal Project" means a renovation or demolition operation in a facility that involves the removal of a threshold amount of regulated asbestos-containing material. "Category I Non-friable Asbestos-Containing Material (ACM)" means asbestos-containing packings, gaskets, resilient floorcovering, and asphalt roofing products containing more than 1 percent asbestos as determined using the method specified in Appendix A, Subpart F, 40 CFR Part 763, Section 1, Polarized Light Microscopy. "Category II Non-friable ACM" means any material, excluding Category I Non-friable ACM, containing more than 1 percent asbestos as determined using the methods specified in Appendix A, Subpart F, 40 CFR Part 763, Section 1, Polarized Light Microscopy, that, when dry, cannot be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by hand pressure. "Department" means the Florida Department of Environmental Protection. "Demolition" means the wrecking or taking out of any load-supporting structural member of a facility together with any related handling operations or the intentional burning of any facility. "Emergency Renovation Operation" means a renovation operation that was not planned but results from a sudden, unexpected event that, if not immediately attended to, presents a safety or public health hazard, is necessary to protect equipment from damage, or is necessary to avoid imposing an unreasonable financial burden. This term includes operations necessitated by non-routine failures of equipment. "Facility" is as defined in 40 CFR 61.141, adopted and incorporated by reference in Rule 62-204.800, F.A.C. "Friable Asbestos Material" means any material containing more than 1 percent asbestos as determined using the method specified in Appendix A, Subpart F, 40 CFR Part 763 Section 1, Polarized Light Microscopy that, when dry, can be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by hand pressure. If the asbestos content is less than 10 percent as determined by a method other than point counting by Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM), verify the asbestos content by point counting using PLM. "Local Air Program," for purposes of Chapter 62-257, F.A.C., only, means a county air pollution control program which meets the criteria of s. 403.182(1), F.S. "Non-scheduled renovation operation" means a renovation operation

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(13) (14) (15)

(16) (17) (17)(a) (17)(b) (17)(c) (17)(d)

(18)

(19) (20)

necessitated by the routine failure of equipment, which is expected to occur within a given period based on past operating experience, but for which an exact date cannot be predicted. "Ordered Demolition" means a demolition under an order of a State or local government agency, issued because the facility is structurally unsound and in danger of imminent collapse. "Owner or Operator" means any person or entity who owns, leases, operates, controls, or supervises either the renovation or demolition operation or the site of the renovation or demolition operation. "Planned Renovation Operation" means a renovation operation, or a number of such operations, in which regulated asbestos-containing material will be removed or stripped within a given period of time and that can be predicted. Individual non-scheduled operations are included if a number of such operations can be predicted to occur during a given period of time based on operating experience. "Renovation" means the alteration in any way of a facility or of one or more facility components. Operations in which load-supporting structural members are wrecked or taken out are demolitions. "Regulated Asbestos-Containing Material (RACM)" means: Friable asbestos material; Category I non-friable ACM that has become friable; Category I non-friable ACM that will be or has been subjected to sanding, grinding, cutting, or abrading; or Category II non-friable ACM that has become crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder or has a high probability of becoming crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by the forces expected to act on the material in the course of demolition or renovation operations regulated by 40 CFR Part 61, Subpart M, as adopted in this chapter. "Residential dwelling" means any structure or building intended to house a single family, or a residential building having no more than four dwelling units. This term is not intended to include any institutional, commercial, public, or industrial structure, installation or building, any structure or building being demolished as part of a public project, regardless of its previous use, function or ownership, or any building, structure or installation being used partly for residential purposes and partly for commercial, public or industrial use. "State Asbestos Coordinator" means the person designated by the Director of the Department's Division of Air Resources Management to serve as the statewide coordinator for the asbestos program. "Threshold Amount of Regulated Asbestos-containing Material" means at least 260 linear feet on pipes, or at least 160 square feet on other facility components, or at least 35 cubic feet off facility components where the length or area could not be measured previously.

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FLORIDA (21)

"Working Day" means Monday through Friday and includes holidays that fall on any of the days Monday through Friday. Specific Authority Law Implemented History– Amended

376.60, 403.061 FS. 376.60, 403.061 FS. New 3-31-94, Formerly 17-257.200, 11-23-94, 2-9-99.

62-257.301 Notification Procedure and Fee. (1)

(2)

(2)(a)

(2)(b)

(2)(b) 1. (2)(b) 2. (2)(b) 3. (3)

4

The notice requirements of Chapter 62-257, F.A.C., Asbestos Program, apply to each owner or operator of a renovation of a facility involving the removal of a threshold amount of regulated ACM or any demolition of a facility regardless of whether or not asbestos is present and to each owner or operator of the site for a renovation of a facility involving the removal of a threshold amount of regulated ACM or any demolition of a facility regardless of whether or not asbestos is present. If a notice is required per Rule 62-257.301(1), F.A.C., the timely submittal of a completed "Notice of Asbestos Renovation or Demolition" form, as promulgated under Rule 62-257.900(1), F.A.C., or an electronically generated facsimile thereof, is required. The notice will be complete when the owner or operator legibly provides all the information requested on the Department's form, and, if applicable, the additional information required by 40 CFR 61.145(b), adopted and incorporated by reference in Rule 62-204.800, F.A.C., for ordered demolitions or emergency renovation operations. The notice will be timely when the owner or operator mails it or delivers it to the Local Air Program or, where there is no Local Air Program, to the Department's District Office having jurisdiction over the site of the renovation or demolition operation, so that it is postmarked or received: At least 10 working days prior to the start of the renovation or demolition operation; or No later than the following working day after an emergency renovation operation or ordered demolition; or At least 10 working days prior to the end of the calendar year preceding the year for which a planned renovation operation notice is being given. The owner or operator who submits a single planned renovation operation notification involving small individual non-scheduled operations shall indicate on the notice form the total amount of regulated asbestos-containing material predicted to be removed during the calendar year based on operating experience.

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FLORIDA (4)

(5) (6) (6)(a)

(6)(b) (6)(c)

(6)(d)

If after the start of the project it is determined that at least 20 percent more regulated asbestos-containing material than originally reported to the Department is to be removed, the owner or operator shall submit a revised notification according to Rule 62-257.301, F.A.C. This notification form, when complete and timely submitted, will satisfy the notification requirements of the EPA's National Emission Standards for Asbestos, 40 CFR 61.145(b). Except in the following situations, the owner or operator of an asbestos removal project shall pay a fee calculated pursuant to Rule 62-257.400, F.A.C., Fee Schedule. The Department's fee requirements are not applicable when the asbestos removal project is in a school, college, university, or a residential dwelling, as residential dwelling is defined in Rule 62257.200, F.A.C. The Department's fee requirements are not applicable to those persons otherwise exempted from licensure under s. 469.004(7), F.S. The Department's fee requirements are not applicable if the county in which the asbestos removal project is located collects a fee for providing asbestos notification and inspection services according to 40 CFR 61, Subpart M, adopted and incorporated by reference in Rule 62204.800, F.A.C. The fee to be paid by a small business, as small business is defined in s. 288.703(1), F.S., shall not exceed $300. Specific Authority Law Implemented History– Amended

376.60, 403.061 FS. 376.60, 403.061 FS. New 3-31-94, Formerly 17-257.301, 11-23-94, 3-24-96, 2-9-99

62-257.400 Fee Schedule. Except as noted in Rule 62-257.301(6), F.A.C., each asbestos removal project fee shall be calculated in accordance with the following fee schedule; however, no fee shall exceed $1,000 for the total of square, linear, and cubic feet of regulated asbestos-containing material to be removed: REGULATED ASBESTOS-CONTAINING MATERIAL TO BE REMOVED

FEE

0-159 square feet

$0

0-259 linear feet

$0

160-420 square feet

$ 100

260-420 linear feet

$ 100

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FLORIDA

But if square plus linear feet equals 421 or greater

then pay:

421-2,000

$ 200

2,001-3,000

$ 300

3,001-4,000

$ 400

4,001-5,000

$ 500

5,001-6,000

$ 600

6,001-7,000

$ 700

7,001-8,000

$ 800

8,001-9,000

$ 900

Greater than 9,000

$ 1000

and for total cubic feet, if applicable,

pay:

0-34

$0

35-44

$ 200

45-54

$ 400

55-64

$ 600

65-74

$ 800

Greater than 74

$1000 Specific Authority Law Implemented History– Amended

376.60 FS. 376.60 FS. New 3-31-94, Formerly 17-257.400, 11-23-94, 2-9-99.

62-257.900 Form. The form and instructions used by the Department in the asbestos air regulatory program are adopted and incorporated herein by reference. Copies of the form and instructions may be obtained by writing to the State Asbestos Coordinator, Division of Air Resource Management, 2600 Blair Stone Road, Tallahassee, Florida 323992400. The form is also available at the Department's District Offices or at Local Air Program offices. "Notice of Asbestos Renovation or Demolition", DEP Form Number 62257.900(1), effective 2-9-99.

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FLORIDA Specific Authority Law Implemented History– Amended

376.60, 403.061 FS. 376.60, 403.061 FS. New 3-31-94, Formerly 17-257.900, 11-23-94, 2-9-99.

Downloaded from www.state.fl/us/

06/27/02

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FLORIDA

Notes and Scribles

8

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UTAH

State of Utah Rule R307-801. Asbestos. As in effect on March 1, 2002 Table of Contents R307-801-1. R307-801-2. R307-801-3. R307-801-4. R307-801-5. R307-801-6. R307-801-7. R307-801-8. R307-801-9. R307-801-10. R307-801-11. R307-801-12. R307-801-13. R307-801-14. R307-801-15. R307-801-16.

Purpose and Authority. Applicability and General Provisions. Definitions. Adoption and Implementation of TSCA Title II. Company Certifications. Individual Certification. Denial and Cause for Suspension and Revocation of Company and Individual Certifications. Approval of Training Courses. Renovation and Demolition: Requirement to Inspect. Renovation and Demolition: Asbestos Inspection Procedures. Renovation and Demolition: Notification and Asbestos Removal Requirements. Renovation and Demolition: Notification Procedures and Contents. Renovation and Demolition: Requirements for Certified Workers. Renovation and Demolition: Asbestos Work Practices. Disposal and Handling of Asbestos Waste. Records.

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KEY Date of Enactment or Last Substantive Amendment Notice of Continuation Authorizing, Implemented, or Interpreted Law

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R307-801-1. Purpose and Authority. Rule R307-801 establishes procedures and requirements for asbestos projects and training programs, procedures, and requirements for the certification of persons engaged in asbestos activities and work practice standards for performing such activities. This rule is promulgated under the authority of 19-2-104(1)(d), (3)(r), (3)(s), (3)(t). Penalties are authorized by 19-2-115.

R307-801-2. Applicability and General Provisions. (1) Applicability. (1)(a) The following persons are operators and are subject to the requirements of R307-801: (1)(a)(i) Persons who contract for hire to conduct renovation of structures or facilities, or to conduct demolition of structures or facilities, except for residential outbuilding structures of less than 100 square feet; (1)(a)(ii) Persons who conduct renovation or demolition in areas to which the general public has unrestrained access; or (1)(a)(iii) Persons who conduct renovation or demolition in school buildings subject to AHERA or who conduct asbestos inspections in structures subject to TSCA Title II. (1)(b) The following persons are subject to certification requirements: (1)(b)(i) Persons required by TSCA Title II to be accredited as inspectors, management planners, project designers, supervisors, or workers; (1)(b)(ii) Persons who work on an asbestos project as workers, supervisors, inspectors, project designers, or management planners; and (1)(b) (iii) Companies that conduct asbestos projects or inspections, create project designs, or prepare management plans in structures or facilities. (2)

All persons who are required by R307-801 to obtain an approval, certification, determination or notification from the executive secretary must obtain it in writing.

(3)

Persons wishing to deviate from the certification, notification, work practice, or other requirements of R307-801 may do so only after requesting and obtaining the written approval of the executive secretary.

R307-801-3. Definitions. The following definitions apply to R307-801: "Adequately Wet" means sufficiently mix or penetrate with liquid to prevent the

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UTAH release of particulates. If visible emissions are observed coming from asbestos-containing material, then that material has not been adequately wetted. However, the absence of visible emissions is not sufficient evidence of being adequately wet. "Amended Water" means a mixture of water and a chemical wetting agent that provides control of asbestos fiber release. "AHERA" means the federal Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act of 1986 and the Environmental Protection Agency implementing regulations, 40 CFR Part 763, Subpart E - Asbestos-Containing Materials in Schools. "Asbestos" means the asbestiform varieties of serpentine (chrysotile), riebeckite (crocidolite), cummingtonite-grunerite (amosite), anthophyllite, and actinolite – tremolite. "Asbestos Containing Material (ACM)" means any material containing more than one percent (1%) asbestos by the method specified in Appendix A, Subpart F, 40 CFR Part 763 Section 1, Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM), or, if the asbestos content is less than 10%, the asbestos concentration must be determined by point counting using PLM procedure. "Asbestos Inspection" means any activity undertaken to determine the presence or location, or to assess the condition, of asbestos-containing material or suspected asbestos-containing material, whether by visual or physical examination, or by taking samples of the material. This term includes reinspections of the type described in AHERA, 40 CFR 763.85(b), of known or assumed asbestos-containing material which has been previously identified. The term does not include the following: (a) Periodic surveillance of the type described in AHERA, 40 CFR 763.92(b), solely for the purpose of recording or reporting a change in the condition of known or assumed asbestos-containing material; (b) Inspections performed by employees or agents of federal, state, or local government solely for the purpose of determining compliance with applicable statutes or regulations; or (c) Visual inspections of the type described in AHERA, 40 CFR 763.90(i), solely for the purpose of determining completion of response actions. "Asbestos Project" means any activity involving the removal, renovation, repair, demolition, salvage, disposal, cleanup, or other disturbance of regulated asbestos-containing material greater than small scale short duration. "Asbestos Removal" means the stripping of friable asbestos-containing material from surfaces or components of a structure or taking out structural components that contain or are covered with friable ACM from a structure. "Asbestos Survey Report" means a written report as specified in R307-801-10(6) describing an asbestos inspection performed by a certified asbestos inspector. "Asbestos Waste" means any waste that contains asbestos. This term includes filters from control devices, friable asbestos-containing waste material, and bags or other similar packaging contaminated with asbestos. As applied to demolition and renovations, this term includes materials contaminated with asbestos including disposable equipment and clothing. The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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"Containerized" means sealed in a leak-tight and durable container. "Debris" means asbestos-containing material that has been dislodged and has fallen from its original substrate and position or which has fallen while remaining attached to substrate sections or fragments, and is friable or regulated in its current condition. "Demolition" means the wrecking, salvage, or removal of any load-supporting structural member of a structure together with any related handling operations, or the intentional burning of any structure. This includes the moving of an entire building. "Disturb" means to disrupt the matrix of ACM or regulated asbestos-containing material, crumble or pulverize ACM or regulated asbestos-containing material, or generate visible debris from ACM or regulated asbestoscontaining material. "Division" means the Division of Air Quality. "Emergency Renovation Operation" means any asbestos project which was not planned and results from a sudden, unexpected event that, if not immediately attended to, presents a safety or public health hazard, is necessary to protect equipment from damage, or is necessary to avoid imposing an unreasonable financial burden as determined by the Division. This term includes operations necessitated by non-routine failure of equipment and does not include situations caused by the lack of planning. "Encapsulant" means a permanent coating applied to the surface of friable ACM for the purpose of preventing the release of asbestos fibers. The encapsulant creates a membrane over the surface (bridging encapsulant) or penetrates the material and binds its components together (penetrating encapsulant). "Facility" means any institutional, commercial, public, industrial, or residential structure, installation, or building, including any structure, installation, or building containing condominiums or individual dwelling units operated as a residential co-operative; any ship; and any active or inactive waste disposal site. For purposes of this definition, any building, structure, or installation that contains a loft used as a dwelling is not considered a residential structure, installation, or building. Any structure, installation or building that was previously subject to the NESHAP is not excluded, regardless of its current use or function. Public building and commercial building have the same meanings as they do in TSCA Title II. "Friable Asbestos Containing Material (Friable ACM)" means any asbestoscontaining material that, when dry, can be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by hand pressure. "Glovebag" means an impervious plastic bag-like enclosure, not more than a 60 x 60 inches, affixed around an asbestos-containing material, with glove-like appendages through which material and tools may be handled. "HEPA Filtration" means the high efficiency particulate air filtration found in respirators and vacuum systems capable of filtering particles greater than 0.3 micron in diameter with 99.97% efficiency, designed for use in asbestoscontaminated environments.

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UTAH "Inaccessible" means in a physically restricted or obstructed area or covered in such a way that detection or removal is prevented or severely hampered. "Management Plan" means a document that meets the requirements of AHERA for management plans for asbestos in schools. "Management Planner" means a person who prepares a management plan for a school building subject to AHERA. "Model Accreditation Plan (MAP)" means 40 CFR Part 763, Subpart E, Appendix C, Asbestos Model Accreditation Plan. "NESHAP" means the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants, 40 CFR Part 61, Subpart M, the National Emission Standard for Asbestos. "NESHAP Amount" means combined amounts in a project that total: (a) 260 linear feet (80 meters) of pipe covered with RACM; (b) 160 square feet (15 square meters) of RACM used to cover or coat any duct, boiler, tank, reactor, turbine, equipment, structure, structural member, or structural component; or (c) 35 cubic feet (one cubic meter) of RACM removed from structural members or components where the length and area could not be measured previously. "NESHAP-Sized Asbestos Project" means any asbestos project that involves at least a NESHAP amount of ACM. "Regulated Asbestos-Containing Material (RACM)" means friable ACM, Category I nonfriable ACM that has become friable, Category I nonfriable ACM that will be or has been subjected to sanding, grinding, cutting, or abrading, or Category II nonfriable ACM that has a high probability of becoming or has become crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by the forces expected to act on the material in the course of demolition or renovation operations. "Renovation" means the alteration in any way of one or more structural components, excluding demolition. "Small-Scale, Short-Duration (SSSD) Asbestos Project" means an asbestos project that removes or disturbs less than 3 square feet or 3 linear feet of RACM in a facility or structure. "Strip" means to take off ACM from any part of a structure or structural component. "Structural Component" means any pipe, duct, boiler, tank, reactor, turbine, or furnace at or in a structure, or any structural member of the structure. "Structural Member" means any load-supporting member of a structure, such as beams and load-supporting walls or any non-load-supporting member, such as ceilings and non-load-supporting walls. "Structure" means, for the purposes of R307-801, any institutional, commercial, residential, or industrial building, equipment, building component, installation, or other construction. "TSCA Accreditation" means successful completion of training as an inspector, management planner, project designer, contractor/supervisor, or worker, as specified in the TSCA Title II. The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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"TSCA Title II" means 15 U.S.C. 2601 et seq., Toxic Substances Control Act, Subchapter II - Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response, and 40 CFR Part 763, Subpart E - Asbestos-Containing Materials in Schools, including appendices, as in effect on July 1, 1999. "Unrestrained Access" means without fences, closed doors, personnel, or any other method intended to restrict public entry. "Waste Generator" means any owner or operator of an asbestos project covered by R307-801 whose act or process produces asbestos waste. "Working Day" means Monday through Friday and includes holidays that fall on any of the days Monday through Friday.

R307-801-4. Adoption and Implementation of TSCA Title II. (1)

The provisions of TSCA Title II are adopted and incorporated herein by reference.

(2)

Implementation of the provisions of 40 CFR Part 763, Subpart E, except for the Model Accreditation Plan, shall be limited to those provisions for which the EPA has waived its requirements in accordance with 40 CFR Subpart 763.98, Waiver; delegation to State, as published at 52 FR 41826, (October 30, 1987).

R307-801-5. Company Certifications. (1)

All persons must have an Asbestos Company Certification before contracting for hire to conduct asbestos inspections, create management plans, create project designs, monitor asbestos projects, or to remove or otherwise disturb more than the SSSD amount of asbestos.

(2)

To obtain Utah Asbestos Company Certification, all persons shall submit a completed application for certification on a form provided by the executive secretary.

(3)

Unless revoked or suspended, a company certification shall remain in effect until the end of the calender year in which it was issued.

R307-801-6. Individual Certification. (1) (1)(a) (1)(b)

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To obtain certification as a worker, supervisor, inspector, project designer, or management planner, each person shall first: Provide personal identifying information; Pay the appropriate fee;

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UTAH (1)(c) (1)(d)

Fill out the appropriate form provided by the executive secretary; Provide certificates of initial and current training that demonstrate accreditation in the corresponding discipline. Any of the following TSCA accreditation courses is acceptable unless the executive secretary has determined that the course does not meet the requirements of TSCA accreditation training required by R307-801: courses approved by the executive secretary, approved in a state that has a Contractor Accreditation Program that meets the TSCA Title II Appendix C Model Plan, or approved by EPA under TSCA Title II.

(2) (2)(a)

Duration and Renewal of Certification. Unless revoked or suspended, a certification shall remain in effect until the expiration date of the current certificate of TSCA accreditation for the specific discipline. To renew certification, the individual shall first: Submit a completed application for renewal on a form provided by the executive secretary; and Submit a current certificate of TSCA accreditation for initial or refresher training in the appropriate discipline.

(2)(b) (2)(b)(i) (2)(b)(ii)

R307-801-7. Denial and Cause for Suspension and Revocation of Company and Individual Certifications. (1)

An application for certification may be denied if the individual, applicant company, or any principle officer of the applicant company has a documented history of noncompliance with the requirements, procedures, or standards established by R307-801, R307-214, which incorporates 40 CFR Part 61, Subpart M, the National Emission Standard for Asbestos, AHERA, or with the requirements of any other entity regulating asbestos activities and training programs.

(2)

The executive secretary may revoke or suspend any certification based upon documented violations of any requirement of R307-801, AHERA, or 40 CFR Part 61, Subpart M, including but not limited to: Falsification of or knowing omission in any written submittal required by those regulations; Permitting the duplication or use of a certificate or TSCA accreditation for the purpose of preparing a falsified written submittal; or Repeated work practice violations.

(2)(a) (2)(b) (2)(c)

R307-801-8. Approval of Training Courses. (1)

To obtain approval of a training course, the course provider shall first provide a written application to the executive secretary that includes: The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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(1)(a) (1)(b) (1)(c)

(1)(d) (1)(e) (1)(f)

(2) (2)(a) (2)(b)

(2)(c) (2)(d)

(2)(e) (2)(e)(i) (2)(e)(ii) (3)

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Name, address, phone number, and institutional affiliation of person sponsoring the course; The course curriculum; A letter that clearly indicates how the course meets the Model Accreditation Plan and R307_801 requirements for length of training in hours or days, amount and type of hands-on training, examinations, including length, format, example of examination or questions, and passing scores, and topics covered in the course; A copy of all course materials, including student manuals, instructor notebooks, handouts, etc.; Names and qualifications of all course instructors, including all academic credentials and field experience in asbestos abatement; and Description and an example of numbered certificates issued to students who attend the course and pass the examination. The certificate shall include a unique certificate number, the name of the student and the course completed, the dates of the course and the examination, an expiration date one year from the date the student completed the course and examination, the name, address, and telephone number of the training provider that issued the certificate, and a statement that the person receiving the certificate has completed the requisite training for TSCA accreditation. To maintain approval of a training course, the course provider shall: Provide training that meets the requirements of R307-801 and the MAP; Provide the executive secretary with the names, social security numbers or government-issued picture identification card number, and certificate numbers of all persons successfully completing the course within 30 days of successful completion; Keep the records specified for training providers in the MAP for three years; Permit the executive secretary or authorized representative to attend, evaluate and monitor any training course without receiving advance notice from the executive secretary and without charge to the executive secretary; and Notify the executive secretary of any new course instructor 10 working days prior to the day the new instructor presents or teaches any course for TSCA Accreditation purposes. The notification shall include: Name and qualifications of each course instructors, including all academic credentials and field experience in asbestos abatement; and A list of the courses or specific topics that will be taught by the instructor. All course providers that provide an AHERA training course or refresher course in the state of Utah shall: The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

UTAH (3)(a) (3)(b) (3)(c)

Notify the executive secretary of the location, date, and time of the course at least ten days before the first day of the course; Update the notification as soon as possible, and no later than the original course date, if the course is rescheduled or cancelled before the course is held; and Allow the executive secretary to conduct an audit of any course provided to determine whether the course provider meets the requirements of the MAP and of R307-801.

R307-801-9. Renovation and Demolition: Requirement to Inspect. 1.

Except as described in (2) below, the operator shall ensure that the structure or facility to be demolished or renovated is inspected for ACM by an inspector certified under the provisions of R307-801-6. An asbestos survey report shall be generated according to the provisions of R307-801-10. The operator shall make the asbestos survey report available on site to all persons who have access to the site for the duration of the renovation or demolition activities, and to the executive secretary upon request.

(2)

If the structure has been ordered to be demolished because it is found by a local jurisdiction to be structurally unsound and in danger of imminent collapse, the operator may demolish the structure without having the structure or facility inspected for asbestos. If no asbestos inspection is conducted, the operator shall ensure that all resulting demolition debris is disposed of as asbestos waste, according to R307-801-15. If the demolition debris cannot be containerized, the operator shall obtain approval for an alternative procedure from the executive secretary.

R307-801-10. Renovation and Demolition: Asbestos Inspection Procedures. Asbestos inspectors shall use the following procedures when conducting an asbestos inspection of facilities to be demolished or renovated. (1)

Determine the scope of demolition or renovation activities.

(2)

Inspect the affected facility or part of the facility where the demolition or renovation operation will occur.

(3)

Identify all accessible suspect ACM building materials in the affected facility or part of the facility where the demolition or renovation operation will occur.

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(4)

Follow a sampling method approved by the executive secretary, to demonstrate that suspect ACM does not contain asbestos.

(5)

Assume that unsampled suspect ACM contains asbestos and is ACM; and

(6)

Complete an asbestos survey report containing all of the following information in a format approved by the executive secretary: A brief description of the affected area; A list of all suspect materials identified in the affected area. For each suspect material provide the following information: The amount of material in linear feet, square feet, or cubic yards; A clear description of the distribution of the material in the affected area; A statement of whether the material was assumed to contain asbestos, sampled and shown to contain asbestos, or sampled and demonstrated to not contain asbestos; and A determination of whether the material is RACM or may become RACM when subjected to the proposed renovation or demolition activities. A list of samples collected from suspect materials in the affected area. For each sample provide the following information: Which suspect material, in the above list, the sample represents; A clear description of the original location of the sample; The types of analyses performed on the sample; The amounts of each type of asbestos in the sample as indicated by the analytical results. A list of potential locations of suspect materials that were not accessible to inspection that may be part of the affected area.

(6)(a) (6)(b) (6)(b) (i) (6)(b) (ii) (6)(b) (iii) (6)(b) (iv) (6)(c) (6)(c) (6)(c) (6)(c) (6)(c) (6)(d) (7)

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

Floor plans or architectural drawings and similar representations may be used to aid in conveying the location of suspect materials or samples, but if so, they must be appended to the asbestos survey report.

R307-801-11. Renovation and Demolition: Notification and Asbestos Removal Requirements. (1) (1)(a)

(1)(b)

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Demolitions. If the amount of RACM in the structure is less than the SSSD amount, the operator shall submit a notification of demolition at least 10 working days before the start of demolition, and remove the RACM before commencing demolition. If the amount of RACM in the structure is greater than or equal to the The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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(1)(c)

(1)(d)

(1)(e)

(2) (2)(a) (2)(b)

(2)(c)

(2)(c)(i) (2)(c)(ii)

SSSD amount but less than the NESHAP amount, the operator shall submit an asbestos notification at least 10 working days before the start of demolition and at least one working day before commencing removal, and shall remove the RACM according to the work practice provisions of R307-801 before demolition proceeds. If the amount of RACM in the structure is greater than or equal to the NESHAP amount, the operator shall submit an asbestos notification at least 10 working days before the asbestos removal begins. Demolition shall not proceed until after all RACM has been removed from the structure. If any structure is to be demolished by intentional burning, the operator, in addition to the notification specified in (a), (b) or (c), shall ensure that all ACM, including non friable ACM and RACM, is removed from the structure before burning. If the structure has been ordered to be demolished because it is found by a local jurisdiction to be structurally unsound and in danger of imminent collapse, the operator shall submit a notification of demolition as soon as possible, but no later than the next working day after demolition begins. Renovations. If the amount of RACM that would be disturbed or rendered inaccessible by renovation activities is less than the SSSD amount, the operator shall remove the RACM before commencing the renovation. If the amount of RACM that would be disturbed or rendered inaccessible by renovation activities is greater than the SSSD amount but smaller than NESHAP amount, the operator shall submit an asbestos notification at least one working day before asbestos removal begins, unless the removal was properly included in an annual asbestos notification submitted pursuant to (d) below, and shall remove RACM according to general work practices of R307-801 before performing renovation activities. If the amount of RACM that would be disturbed or rendered inaccessible by renovation activities is greater than or equal to the NESHAP amount, then the operator shall submit an asbestos notification as described below, and shall ensure that RACM that would be disturbed by renovation activities and non-friable ACM that may be rendered friable or regulated by renovation activities is removed according to the work practice and disposal requirements of R307-801. The operator shall not commence renovation activities until the asbestos removal process is completed. If the renovation is an emergency renovation operation, then the notification shall be submitted as soon as possible before and no later than the next business day after asbestos removal begins. If the renovation is not an emergency renovation operation, then the The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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(2)(d)

(2)(d) (i) (2)(d) (ii) (2)(d) (iii)

notification shall be submitted at least ten working days before asbestos removal begins. The operator shall submit an annual notification according to the requirements of 40 CFR 61.145(a)(4)(iii) no later than 10 working days before the first day of January of the year during which the work is to be performed in the following circumstances: The asbestos projects are unplanned operation and maintenance activities; The asbestos projects are less than NESHAP-sized; and The total amount of asbestos to be disturbed in a single facility during these asbestos projects is expected to exceed the NESHAP amount in a calendar year.

R307-801-12. Renovation and Demolition: Notification Procedures and Contents. (1)

All notifications required by R307-801 shall be in writing on the appropriate form provided by the executive secretary and shall be postmarked or received by the Division by the date specified. The type of notification and whether the notification is original or revised shall be indicated.

(2)

If the notification is an original notification of demolition, an original asbestos notification for a NESHAP-sized asbestos project, or an original annual notification, the written notice shall be sent with an original signature by U.S. Postal Service, commercial delivery service, or hand delivery. If U.S. Postal Service is used, the submission date is the postmark date. If other service or hand delivery is used, the submission date is the date that the document is received at the Division.

(3)

An original asbestos notification for a less than NESHAP-sized asbestos project or any revised notification may be submitted by any of the methods in (2), or by facsimile, by the date specified in R307-80111. The sender shall ensure that the fax is legible.

(4) (4)(a)

All original notifications shall contain the following information: The name, address, and telephone number of the owner of the structure, and of any contractor working on the project; Whether the operation is a demolition or a renovation project; A description of the structure that includes the size in square feet or square meters, the number of floors, the age, and the present and prior uses of the structure; The procedures, including analytical methods, used to inspect for the

(4)(b) (4)(c) (4)(d)

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(4)(e) (4)(f) (4)(g)

(5) (5)(a) (5)(b) (5)(c)

(6) (6)(a) (6)(b) (6)(c) (6)(d)

(6)(e) (6)(f) (6)(g) (6)(h)

presence of ACM; The location and address, including building number or name and floor or room number, street address, city, county, state, and zip code of the structure being demolished or renovated; A description of procedures for handling the discovery of unexpected ACM or of nonfriable ACM that has become friable or regulated; A description of planned demolition or renovation work, including the demolition and renovation techniques to be used and a description of the affected structural components. In addition to the information in (4) above, an original demolition notification shall contain the following information: An estimate of the amount of non-friable and non-regulated ACM that will not become regulated as a result of demolition activities and that will remain in the building during demolition; The starting and ending dates of demolition activities; and If the structure will be demolished under an order of a state or local government agency, the name, title, and authority of the government representative ordering the demolition, the date the order was issued, and the date the demolition was ordered to commence. A copy of the order shall be attached to the notification. In addition to the information in (4) and (5) above, an original asbestos notification or an annual notification shall contain the following information: An estimate of the approximate amount of ACM to be stripped, including which units of measure were used; The scheduled starting and completion dates of asbestos removal work in a renovation or demolition; The beginning and ending dates for preparation and asbestos removal, and of renovation activities if applicable; If an emergency renovation operation will be performed, the date and hour the emergency occurred, a description of the event and an explanation of how the event has caused unsafe conditions or would cause equipment damage or unreasonable financial burden; A description of work practices and engineering controls to be used to prevent emissions of asbestos at the demolition or renovation work site; The name and location of the waste disposal site where the asbestos waste will be deposited, including the name and telephone number of the waste disposal site contact; The name, address, contact person, and phone number of the waste transporters; and The name, contact person, and phone number of the person receiving the waste shipment record as required by 40 CFR 61.150(d)(1). The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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(7) (7)(a) (7)(b) (7)(c) (7)(d) (7)(e) (7)(f) (7)(g) (8)

(8)(a)

(8)(b) (8)(c)

A revised notification shall contain the following information: The name, address, and telephone number of the owner of the structure, and any demolition or asbestos abatement contractor working on the project; Whether the operation is a demolition or a renovation project; The date that the original notification was submitted; The applicable original start and stop dates for asbestos removal, renovation, or demolition; Revised start and stop dates, if applicable, for asbestos removal or demolition activities; Changes in amount of asbestos to be removed, if applicable; and All other changes. If a NESHAP-sized asbestos project that requires a notification under (4) above or a demolition project that requires a notification under (4) above will commence on a date other than the date submitted in the original written notification, the executive secretary shall be notified of the new starting date by the following deadlines. If the new starting date is later than the original starting date, notice by telephone shall be given as soon as possible before the original starting date and a revised notice shall be submitted in accordance with R307-801-12(7) as soon as possible before, but no later than, the original starting date. If the new starting date is earlier than the original starting date, submit a written notice in accordance with R307-801-12(7) at least ten working days before beginning the project. In no event shall an asbestos project covered by this subsection begin on a date other than the new starting date submitted in the revised written notice.

R307-801-13. Renovation and Demolition: Requirements for Certified Workers. (1)

A supervisor who has been certified under R307-801 shall be on site during asbestos project setup, asbestos removal, stripping, cleaning and dismantling of the project, and other handling of uncontainerized RACM.

(2)

All persons handling greater than the SSSD amount of uncontainerized RACM shall be workers or supervisors certified under R307-801.

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R307-801-014. Renovation and Demolition: Asbestos Work Practices. (1)

(1)(a) (1)(b) (1)(c) (1)(d) (1)(e)

(1)(f) (1)(g) (1)(h) (1)(i) (1)(j) (1)(k) (2) (2)(a) (2)(b)

Persons performing any asbestos project shall follow the work practices in this subsection. Where the work practices in R307-80114(1) and (2) are required, wrap and cut, open top catch bags, glove bags, and mini- enclosures may be used in combination with those work practices. Adequately wet RACM with amended water before exposing or disturbing it. Install barriers and post warning signs to prevent access to the work area. Warning signs shall conform to the specifications of 29 CFR 1926.1101(k)(7). Keep RACM adequately wet until it is containerized and disposed of in accordance with R307-801-15. Ensure that RACM that is stripped or removed is promptly containerized. Prevent visible particulate matter and uncontainerized asbestoscontaining debris and waste originating in the asbestos work area from being released outside of the negative pressure enclosure or designated work area. Filter all waste water to 5 microns before discharging it to a sanitary sewer. Decontaminate the outside of all persons, equipment and waste bags before they leave the work area. Apply encapsulant to RACM that is exposed but not removed during stripping. Clean the work area, drop cloths, and other interior surfaces of the enclosure using HEPA vacuum and wet cleaning techniques until there is no visible residue before dismantling barriers. After cleaning and before dismantling enclosure barriers, mist the space and surfaces inside of the enclosure with a penetrating encapsulant designed for that purpose. Handle and dispose of friable ACM or RACM according to the disposal provisions of R307-801. All operators of NESHAP-sized asbestos projects shall install a negative pressure enclosure using the following work practices. All openings to the work area shall be covered with at least one layer of 6 mil or thicker polyethylene sheeting sealed with duct tape or an equivalent barrier to air flow. If RACM debris is present, the site shall be prepared by removing the debris using the work practice and disposal requirements of R307-801. If the total amount of loose visible RACM debris throughout the entire

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(2)(c) (2)(d) (2)(e) (2)(f) (2)(f)(i) (2)(f)(ii) (2)(f)(iii) (2)(f)(iv) (2)(f)(v) (2)(g) (2)(g)(i) (2)(g)(ii) (2)(g)(iii) (2)(g)(iv) (2)(h) (2)(h)(i) (2)(h)(ii) (2)(h)(iii) (2)(h)(iv) (2)(h)(v) (2)(i) (2)(i)(i)

16

work area is less than the SSSD amount, then site preparation may begin after notification and before the end of the ten-day waiting period. All persons shall enter and leave the negative pressure enclosure or work area only through the decontamination unit. All persons subject to R307-801 shall shower before entering the cleanroom of the decontamination unit when exiting the enclosure. No materials may be removed from the enclosure or brought into the enclosure through any opening other than a waste load-out or a decontamination unit. The negative pressure enclosure of the work area shall be constructed with the following specifications: Apply at least two layers of 6 mil or thicker polyethylene sheeting or its equivalent to the floor extending at least one foot up every wall and seal in place with duct tape or its equivalent; Apply at least 2 layers of 4 mil or thicker polyethylene sheeting or its equivalent to the walls without locating seams in wall or floor corners; Seal all seams with duct tape or its equivalent; and Maintain the integrity of all enclosure barriers. Where a wall or floor will be removed as part of the asbestos project, polyethylene sheeting need not be applied to that component. View ports shall be installed in the enclosure or barriers where feasible. View ports shall be: At least one foot tall and one foot wide; Made of clear material that is impermeable to the passage of air, such as an acrylic sheet; Positioned so as to maximize the view of the inside of the enclosure from a position outside the enclosure; and Accessible to a person outside of the enclosure. A decontamination unit shall be constructed according to the following specifications: The unit shall be attached to the enclosure or work area; The decontamination unit shall consist of at least 3 chambers as specified by 29 CFR 1926.1101(j)(1); The clean room, which is the chamber that opens to the outside, shall be no less than 3 feet wide by 3 feet long; The dirty room, which is the chamber that opens to the negative pressure enclosure or the designated work area, shall be no less than 3 feet wide by 3 feet long; The dirty room shall be provided with an accessible waste bag at any time that asbestos work is being done. A separate waste load-out following the specifications below may be attached to the enclosure for removal of decontaminated waste containers and decontaminated or wrapped tools from the enclosure. The waste load-out shall consist of at least one chamber constructed of The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

UTAH

(2)(i)(ii) (2)(i)(iii) (2)(j) (2)(j)(i) (2)(j)(ii) (2)(j)(iii) (2)(j)(iv) (3) (3)(a) (3)(a)(i) (3)(a)(ii) (3)(b) (3)(b)(i) (3)(b)(ii)

(3)(b)(iii) (4) (4)(a) (4)(b) (4)(c)

6 mil or thicker polyethylene walls and 6 mil or thicker polyethylene flaps or the equivalent on the outside and inside entrances; The waste load-out chamber shall be at least 3 feet long, 3 feet high, and 3 feet wide; and The waste load-out supplies shall be sufficient to decontaminate bags, and may include a water supply with filtered drain, clean rags and clean bags. Negative air pressure and flow shall be established and maintained within the enclosure by: Maintaining four air changes per hour in the enclosure; Routing the exhaust from HEPA filtered ventilation units to the outside of the structure whenever possible; Maintaining a minimum of 0.02 column inches of water pressure differential relative to outside pressure; and Maintaining a monitoring device to measure the negative pressure in the enclosure. In lieu of two layers of polyethylene on the walls and the floors as required by R307-801-(2)(f)(i) and (ii), the following work practices and controls may be used only under the circumstances described below: If an asbestos project is conducted in a crawl space or pipe chase and the available space is less that 6 feet high or is less than 3 feet wide, then the following may be used: Drop cloths extending at least 6 feet around all RACM to be removed, or extended to a wall and attached with duct tape or equivalent; and Either glovebags, wrap and cut, or the open top catch bag method must be used. The open top catch bag method may be used only if the material to be removed is pre-formed RACM pipe insulation. Scattered ACM. If the RACM is scattered in small patches, such as isolated pipe fittings, the following procedures may be used. Glovebags, mini-enclosures as described in R307-801-14(5), or wrap and cut methods with drop cloths large enough to capture all RACM fragments that fall from the work area may be used. If all asbestos disturbance is limited to the inside of negative pressure glovebags or mini-enclosure, then openings need not be sealed and negative pressure need not be maintained outside of the glovebags or mini- enclosure during the asbestos removal operation. A remote decontamination unit may be used as described in R307-80114(5)(d) only if an attached decontamination unit is not feasible. During outdoor asbestos projects, the work practices of R307-801-8 shall be followed, with the following modifications: Negative pressure need not be maintained if there is not an enclosure; Six mil polyethylene or equivalent drop cloth large enough to capture all RACM fragments that fall from the work area shall be used; and A remote decontamination unit as described in R307-801-14(5)(d) may be used. The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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UTAH

(5) (5)(a) (5)(a)(i) (5)(a)(ii) (5)(a)(iii) (5)(a)(iv) (5)(b) (5)(b)(i) (5)(b)(ii) (5)(b)(iii) (5)(b)(iv) (5)(b)(v) (5)(c) (5)(d)

(5)(d)(i) (5)(d)(ii)

(5)(d)(iii) (5)(e)

Special work practices. If the wrap and cut method is used: The component shall be cut at least 6 inches from any RACM on that component; If asbestos will be removed from the component to accommodate cutting, the asbestos removal shall be done using a single glove bag for each cut, and no RACM shall be disturbed outside of a glove bag; The wrapping shall be leak tight and shall consist of two layers of 6 mil polyethylene, each individually sealed with duct tape, and all RACM between the cuts shall be sealed inside wrap; and The wrapping shall remain intact and leak-tight throughout the removal and disposal process. If the open top catch bag method is used: Asbestos waste bags that are leak tight and strong enough to hold contents securely shall be used; The bag shall be placed underneath the stripping operation to minimize ACM falling onto the drop cloth; All material stripped from the component shall be placed in the bag; One worker shall hold the bag and another worker shall strip the ACM into the bag; and A drop cloth large enough to capture all RACM originating in the work area shall be used. If glove bags are used, they shall be negative pressure, and the procedures required by 29 CFR 1926.1101(g)(5) shall be followed. A remote decontamination unit may be used under the conditions set forth in R307-801-14(3)(b) or (4), or when approved by the executive secretary. The remote decontamination unit and procedures shall include: Outerwear shall be HEPA vacuumed or removed, and additional clean protective outerwear shall be put on; Either polyethylene sheeting shall be placed on the path to the decontamination unit and the path shall be blocked or taped off to prevent public access, or workers shall be conveyed to the remote decontamination unit in a vehicle that has been lined with two layers of 6 mil or thicker polyethylene sheeting or its equivalent; and The polyethylene path or vehicle liner shall be removed at the end of the project, and disposed of as asbestos waste. Mini-enclosures, when used under approved conditions, shall conform to the requirements of 29 CFR 1926.1101(g)(5)(vi).

R307-801-15. Disposal and Handling of Asbestos Waste. (1)

18

Containerize ACWM while adequately wet.

The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

UTAH (2)

Asbestos waste containers shall be leak-tight and strong enough to hold contents securely.

(3)

Containers shall be labeled with the waste generator's name, address, and phone number, and the contractor's name and address, before they are removed from the work area.

(4)

Containerized RACM shall be disposed of at a landfill which complies with 40 CFR 61.150.

(5)

The waste shipment record shall include a list of items and the amount of asbestos waste being shipped. The waste generator originates and signs this document.

R307-801-16. Records. (1)

(1)(a) (1)(b) (1)(c) (1)(d) (1)(e) (1)(f) (2)

Certified asbestos companies shall maintain records of all asbestos projects that they perform and shall make these records available to the executive secretary upon request. The records shall be retained for at least five years. Maintained records shall include the following: Names and state certification numbers of the asbestos workers and supervisors who performed the asbestos project; Location and description of the asbestos project and amount of Friable ACM removed; Starting and completion dates of the asbestos project; Summary of the procedures used to comply with applicable requirements including copies of all notifications; and Waste shipment records maintained in accordance with 40 CFR Part 61, Subpart M, NESHAP. Asbestos surveys associated with the asbestos project. All other persons subject to the inspection requirements of R307-801-9 shall maintain copies of asbestos survey reports for at least one year after renovation or demolition activities have ceased, and shall make these reports available to the executive secretary upon request.

KEY air pollution, asbestos, asbestos hazard emergency response*, schools

Date of Enactment or Last Substantive Amendment August 1, 2000

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UTAH

Notice of Continuation June 2, 1997

Authorizing, Implemented, or Interpreted Law 19-2-104(1)(d); 19-2-104(3)(r) through (t); 40 CFR Part 61, Subpart M; 40 CFR Part 763, Subpart E

Notes and Scribbles

20

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Addition Information for the CPWR Asbestos Workers Course Instructor: For Chapter 1

Page

Asbestos Fact Sheet...............................................................................

3

Table – Asbestos: Number of OSHA inspector samples, percent exceeding the PEL, and the average severity levels, by state, 1979 - 1994 ......................................

5

NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, Asbestos .......................

7

For Chapter 2 Asbestosis ..............................................................................................

9

Table – Asbestosis: Number of deaths by sex, race, and age, U.S. residents age 15 and over, 1991 - 1992 ...................

13

Table – Asbestosis: Mortality rates (per 1,000,000) by race and sex, U.S. residents age 15 and over, 1991 - 1992 ............

16

Table – Asbestosis: Years of potential life lost by race and sex, U.S. residents age 15 and over, 1991 - 1992 ...................

17

Table – Asbestosis: Most frequently recorded occupations on death certificate, selected states, U.S. residents age 15 and over, 1991 - 1992 ...................................................

17

What is Cancer? ....................................................................................

18

What are the risk factors for Malignant Mesothelioma? ....................

20

What are the key statistics for Malignant Mesothelioma? .................

23

What is Malignant Mesothelioma? ......................................................

24

How is Malignant Mesothelioma Diagnosed? .....................................

25

How is malignant Mesothelioma staged? ............................................

28

How is Malignant Mesothelioma treated? ...........................................

29

New drug nearly doubles survival Time for Mesothelioma patients .........................................................................

33

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For Chapter 2

Page

Study shows chemotherapy effective in asbestos-related lung cancer ............................................................

35

Smoking Factoids ..................................................................................

37

Resources ...............................................................................................

40

For Chapter 7 Mold Remediation Index ......................................................................

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Asbestos Topic: Source: Re:

Asbestos Fact Sheet American Cancer Society www.cancer.org CPWR Asbestos Worker Course Instructors

Asbestos is a group of naturally occurring fibrous minerals. These minerals, found in soil and rocks in many parts of the world, are made of magnesium, silicon, and other elements. Some asbestos fibers are curly (or “serpentine”). the most common asbestos in industrial use, know as chrysotile, or white asbestos, has curly fibers. Other asbestos fibers are straight and needle-like (or “amphibole”). These include amosite, crocidolite, tremolite, actinolite, and anthophyllite. Asbestos fibers are resistant to heat and many chemicals. As a result, asbestos has been used as an insulating material since ancient times. Since the industrial revolution, asbestos was used to insulate factories, schools, homes, ships, and to make automobile brake and clutch parts, roofing shingles, ceiling and floor tiles, cement, textiles, and hundreds of other products. During the first half of the 1900s, growing evidence demonstrated that asbestos is a health hazard causing scarring to the lungs. In the early 1900s, exposure to asbestos dust in the workplace was not controlled. Beginning in England in the 1930s, steps were taken to protect workers in the asbestos industry by installing ventilation and exhaust systems. However, in the huge shipbuilding effort during World War II, large numbers of workers were exposed to high levels of asbestos. As asbestos-related cancers became better recognized in the second half of the 20th century, additional measures were taken to reduce exposure, and exposure standards were established. In addition to more careful handling, there has been a dramatic decrease in the import and use of asbestos since the mid-1960s, and alternative insulating materials have been developed. As a result, exposure has dropped dramatically in the United States. However, exposure still continues in some other countries. And in this country, there is still a potential for exposure from asbestos that remains in place in older buildings, around water pipes, and other settings. The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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How Are People Exposed To Asbestos? People are exposed to asbestos mainly through inhalation of fibers in the air they breathe. This may occur during mining and processing of asbestos, during the production of asbestos-containing products, or during the installation of asbestos insulation. It may also occur when older asbestoscontaining materials begin to break down. In any of these situations, asbestos fibers tend to create a dust composed of tiny particles that can float in the air. In addition, asbestos can enter the body through ingestion. This may occur when people consume contaminated food or liquids (such as water that flows through asbestos cement pipes). It may also occur when people cough up asbestos they have inhaled, then swallow their saliva. Many people are exposed to very low levels of naturally occurring asbestos in outdoor air as a result of erosion of asbestos-bearing rocks. However, the people with the heaviest exposure were those who worked in asbestos industries, such as shipbuilding and insulation. Many of these people recall working in thick clouds of asbestos dust, day after day. Family members of asbestos workers are also potentially exposed to higher levels of asbestos because fibers are carried home on the workers’ clothing, and can be inhaled by others in the household. Removal of asbestos from homes and other buildings can cause some exposure, although modern asbestos abatement workers are trained to use appropriate protective equipment to minimize exposure. Exposure to asbestos-containing building materials is also a concern, particularly in older buildings. If building materials such as insulation and ceiling and floor tiles begin to decompose over time, asbestos fibers can be found in indoor air, and may pose a threat to human health (EPA), There is no risk to human health if the asbestos in bonded into intact finished products, such as walls and tiles. As long as the material is not damaged or disturbed, for example by drilling or remodeling, there is no way for the fibers to be released into the air and inhaled. Maintenance workers who sweep up and dispose of asbestos dust, or handle damaged asbestos-containing building materials are often exposed to higher levels than other occupants of these buildings. Asbestos may be detected in the water supply as well as in the air. It may be released into the water through several sources, such as erosion or natural deposits, corrosion from asbestos-cement pipes, and disintegration of roofing TS:4

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materials containing asbestos that are then transported into sewers.

### Asbestos: Number of OSHA inspector samples, percent exceeding the permissible exposure limit (PEL), and average severity levels (AS), by state, 1979 - 1994 S T A T E

1974 - 1984 Total Samples #

1985 - 1994

Samples > PEL

AS

%

AS 6.53

Total Samples

1993 -1994

Samples > PEL

#

AS

#

AS

82

0.06

2.4

1.71

Total Samples #

Samples > PEL

AS

%

AS

1

0.00

0.00

-

AL

91

0.73

9.9

AK

76

0.01

0.0

-

110

0.14

2.7

4.52

4

0.00

0.00

-

AZ

24

0.03

0.0

-

47

0.10

2.1

1.90

0

-

-

-

AR

44

0.07

0.0

-

212

0.66

7.5

7.62

67

0.40

10.4

1.90

CA

23

0.14

4.3

1.27

153

.55

6.5

7.13

6

0.01

0.0

-

CO

212

0.08

0.9

3.57

123

0.14

3.3

3.23

6

1.41

33.3

3.98

CT

164

0.39

4.9

6.12

223

0.04

0.0

-

26

0.05

0.0

-

DL

20

0.13

0.0

4

0.01

0.0

-

0

-

DC

50

0.10

2.0

2.04

10

0.06

0.0

-

2

0.00

0.0

-

FL

82

1.74

7.3

23.09

177

0.13

2.3

4.73

30

0.25

10.0

1.67

GA

197

0.45

12.2

3.01

147

0.09

2.7

1.91

5

0.00

0.0

-

HI

9

0.01

0.0

-

14

0.00

0.0

-

3

0.00

0.0

-

ID

14

0.05

0.0

-

81

0.02

0.0

-

3

0.00

0.0

-

IL

222

0.06

1.8

1.73

434

0.03

0.2

1.20

65

0.02

0.0

-

IN

170

0.28

6.5

1.44

216

0.04

0.0

-

17

0.00

0.0

-

IA

87

0.24

6.9

2.72

209

0.03

0.5

1.15

3

0.00

0.0

-

KS

44

0.21

9

1.74

33

0.04

0.0

-

3

0.00

0.0

-

KY

79

0.05

1.3

1.94

132

0.08

0.0

-

13

0.03

0.0

-

LA

57

0.07

1.8

1.58

82

0.07

2.4

1.63

0

-

-

-

-

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-

-

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ME

63

0.06

0.0

MD

20

0.03

0.0

MA

291

0.40

15.5

-

17

0.05

0.0

51

0.31

9.8

1.59

241

0.39

-

-

0

-

-

-

2.64

4

0.08

0.0

-

8.7

3.71

20

0.55

20.0

2.43

3.36

61

0.04

0.0

-

0

-

-

-

MI

0

-

-

-

342

0.10

2.0

MN

8

0.31

25.0

1.15

23

0.00

0.0

MS

17

0.08

0.0

-

105

0.06

1.0

1.05

16

0.09

0.0

-

MO

372

0.18

2.4

6.86

155

0.04

1.3

1.66

11

0.00

0.0

-

MT

120

0.09

0.8

1.95

63

0.12

3.2

1.13

0

-

-

-

NE

36

0.04

0.0

-

109

0.01

0.0

3

0.14

0.0

-

NV

16

0.03

0.0

-

50

0.28

6.0

3.90

6

0.12

0.0

-

NH

100

0.82

12.0

5.84

70

0.05

1.4

1.5

5

0.00

0.0

-

NJ

268

0.23

3.4

3.39

307

0.81

14.7

5.13

13

0.02

0.0

-

NM

2

0.00

0.0

-

22

0.02

0.0

-

6

0.02

0.0

-

NY

613

0.08

1.8

1.25

952

0.22

1.7

10.74

126

0.27

2.4

10.1

NC

87

0.26

4.6

2.09

231

0.20

4.3

3.34

46

0.08

2.2

1.15

ND

7

0.00

0.0

-

1

0.00

0.0

-

0

-

-

-

OH

282

0.46

4.3

9.27

545

0.87

5.3

15.45

42

0.00

0.0

-

OK

91

0.12

2.2

4.35

78

0.14

6.4

1.83

3

0.00

0.0

-

OR

78

0.13

5.1

1.37

76

0.09

0.0

15

0.08

0.0

-

PA

365

0.30

4.7

4.14

393

0.62

6.6

8.33

11

0.00

0.0

-

RI

46

0.38

13.0

2.43

56

1.01

16.1

6.17

0

-

-

-

SC

24

0.08

0.0

-

44

0.28

9.1

2.70

8

0.00

0.0

-

SD

4

0.00

0.0

-

29

0.00

0.0

-

0

-

-

-

TN

12

0.00

0.0

-

111

4.59

0.9

500.0

29

0.07

0.0

-

TX

317

0.05

0.6

1.30

434

0.30

4.6

5.42

41

0.01

0.0

-

UT

2

0.02

0.0

-

2

0.00

0.0

-

0

-

-

-

VT

0

-

-

-

1

0.00

0.0

-

0

-

-

-

VA

106

0.38

11.3

2.41

125

0.57

16.8

0

-

-

-

WA

5

1.42

80.0

1.68

67

0.05

0.0

39

0.01

0.0

-

WV

73

0.04

0.0

-

29

1.76

27.6

5.81

0

-

-

-

WI

161

0.16

5.6

1.87

160

0.73

6.3

10.65

12

0.03

0.0

-

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-

-

-

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WY TOTAL

15

0.00

0.0

-

5,266

0.24

4.5

3.78

0 7,788

-

-

0.37

4.0

8.10

0 771

-

-

-

0.14

2.6

3.37

- indicates incalculable field. Source: OSHA: Integrated Management Information System; posted on CDC.gov.

###

Topic:

NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards* Source: CDC/NIOSH www.cdc/gov/niosh/npg Re: CPWR Asbestos Worker Course Instructors Asbestos

CAS 1332-21-4

Hydrated Mineral Silicates

RTECS C16475000

Synonyms & Trade Names

DOT ID & Guide

Actinolite, Actinolite Asbestos, Amosite (cummingtonitegrunerite), Anthophyllite Asbestos, Chrysotile, Crocidolite (Riebeckite), Tremolite, Tremolite Asbestos

Exposure Limits

2212 171 (blue, brown) 2590 171 (white)

NIOSH REL: Ca See Appendix A See Appendix C OSHA PEL: [1910.1001] See Appendix C

IDLH Ca [N.D.] See: IDLH INDEX

Conversion

Physical Description White or greenish (chrysotile), blue (crocidolite), or gray-green (amosite) fibrous, odorless solids

MW: Varies

BP: Decomposes

VP: 0 mmHg

IP: NA

Fl.P: NA

UEL: NA

MLT: 1112oF (Decomposes)

Sol: Insoluble Sp. Gr: ?

LEL: NA

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Noncombustible Solids Incompatibilities & Reactivities None reported Measurement Methods NIOSH 7400, 7402; OSHA ID160, ID191; See NMAM or OSHA Methods Personal Protection/Sanitation Skin: Prevent skin contact Eyes: Prevent eye contact Wash skin: Daily Remove: No recommendation Change: Daily

First Aid (See procedures) Eye: Irrigate immediately Breathing: Fresh air

Respirator Recommendations NIOSH At concentrations above the NIOSH REL, or where there is no REL, at any detectable concentration: (APF = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode (APF = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus Escape: (APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter/Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus Exposure Routes: inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact Symptoms: Asbestosis (chronic exposure): dyspnea (breathing difficulty), interstitial fibrosis, restricted pulmonary function, finger clubbing; irritation eyes; [potential occupational carcinogen] Target Organs: respiratory system, eyes Cancer Site: [lung cancer] *This electronic version varies from the book version.

###

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Asbestosis Topic: Asbestosis Source: Creighton University School of Medicine www.medicine.creighton.edu Re: CPWR Asbestos Worker Course Instructors ... Asbestos is a serious threat to one’s health because it can cause severe forms of lung disease. One form of disease ... is asbestosis. Asbestosis is a fibrosis or scarring of the lung tissue. The lung is made of a delicate tissue which allows the blood to pick up oxygen and drop off carbon dioxide. As can be imagined, scarring of the lung tissue decreases the ability of the lung to exchanges these gases. Second, one’s chances of developing a tumor or cancer of the lung is five times greater than normal if exposed to asbestos. If the lung is also subjected to the deleterious effects of smoking on top of the asbestos exposure, one’s chance of developing cancer is about 55 times greater than normal When people inhale air, it always contains small particles. These particles have to be filtered out because the lungs need to remain sterile. The nose and bronchi (the airways leading down to the lung) are the main air filters for the lungs. Asbestos particles (called amphiboles) are long, extremely thin, microscopic glass-like fibers that are not filtered by the nose or the bronchi because they are so thin and light. Asbestosis development starts when a person inhales an amphibole. This particle travels deep into the lungs to one of the 300 million gas exchanging structures called an alveolus. Each alveolus has many cleaning cells called macrophages that eat up any particles that made it down to the alveoli. Unfortunately, the macrophages cannot eat the amphibole because it is too long, but they still try. In trying to eat this particle, the macrophage essentially cuts itself open and the digestive molecules that were contained inside the macrophage have now spilled on the alveolus. These molecules injure the alveolus and cause it to form a scar. This scarring formation is called fibrosis. The same amphibole that could not be eaten attracts other macrophages from neighboring areas. They try to eat the particle and also fail, and this further damages the lungs. In reality, people The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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who are exposed to asbestos inhale hundreds and thousands of amphiboles, which causes large-scale injury. Such large-scale injury is when major lung damage (fibrosis) develops and is named asbestosis after the disease-causing particle. Asbestosis is found in people who are chronically exposed to asbestos material. Those who are at the highest risk are the people who directly handle asbestos material at their job. This group includes vehicle mechanics, construction workers, shipyard workers, electricians, and other workers in the building trades. Of importance to the workers in the United States is the fact that old asbestos can be encountered during refurbishing and demolition of old buildings or other structures in which asbestos is still found. Exposure to asbestos is not limited to those who directly handle the material. The painter who works with the construction worker or the construction worker’s wife who shakes out her husband’s clothes have also been known to be at risk for developing asbestosis. A study conducted by the Finnish asbestos workers who either worked construction for ten years or worked in shipyards for one year showed that 22% of the workers showed signs of asbestosis development. If one examines the entire population of a country instead of just those at high risk, asbestosis is a relatively uncommon disease. The signs and symptoms of asbestosis can show up many years after the asbestos exposure has ended. Manifestations rarely occur less than 10 years following first exposure and are more common after 20 years or more. Symptoms (what a patient with asbestosis will experience): • Shortness of breath – Asbestosis has been called a monosymptomatic disease because the earliest, most consistently reported, and most distressing symptom is shortness of breath. • Breathing occurs with heavy effort and then progressively diminishing levels of effort as the disease becomes worse. • Persistent and productive cough which is almost as common as the shortness of breath. • Often occurs with distressing spasms. Other symptoms include: • Chest tightness, chest pain, general ill feeling, fitful sleep, hemoptysis, and appetite loss.

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Signs (what your doctor will look for with asbestosis): • Basal crackles or rales. When a stethoscope is used to listen to the lower lungs, you can hear what sounds like velcro opening up. (An early distinctive feature of asbestosis and usually heard [a high pitched quality] first over the basal regions. It is persistent [unaffected by coughing], and it occurs with precise timing [at first, mid, to late inspiration and it eventually occurs during most of the inspiration]). • Small, irregular opacities on the x-ray (looks like ground glass). They obscure normal lung vasculature. The opacities are usually seen in the lower lateral lobes in between the rib shadows. Borders of the heart, particularly on the left side, may be obscured. • Pulmonary function tests usually show restrictive disease but they can also show obstructive and mixed disorders. (This means that your lungs will lose the ability to breathe.) • Reduced diffusion capacity. • Reduced lung volumes and capacities. • Reduced flow rates. • Clubbing of fingers and toes. (Swelling of the fingers and toes due to excess blood accumulating there.) None of these symptoms are specific. Something as benign as the common cold could also give you these symptoms. Keep in mind that asbestosis is a chronic, progressive disease. This means that once the symptoms start, they generally do not get better. Fortunately, the disease progresses slowly, giving your doctor time to catch it. Unfortunately, there currently is no cure for asbestosis. The treatment involves preventing further complications of the disease and treating its symptoms. Patients with asbestosis must first prevent any further contact with asbestos and, if they are smokers, they will be advised to quit. The asbestosis patient should receive aggressive medical care for any respiratory infection, with frequent use of antibiotics when warranted. Vaccinations for the flu and pneumococcus should be kept up to date. The patient should also participate in respiratory therapies such as bronchial drainage or the use of an ultrasonic mist humidifier that assists in the clearing of secretions from the lungs. Patients should avoid situations that may expose them to respiratory infections – like large crowds. These steps should help to avoid the complications of serious lung infections. Finally, the The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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asbestosis patient should undergo regular chest x-rays to screen for cancers associated with asbestosis. Shortness of breath is treated with bronchodilators that open up the bronchial tubes and allows the passage of air. The patient may also receive supplemental oxygen. Respiratory treatments that remove secretions from the lung through postural drainage may also be used. Productive cough is treated with humidifiers, breathing therapies, and chest percussion. These therapies loosen and thin out bronchial secretions, allowing them to be expelled by the cough. Chest pain can be treated with normal overthe-counter drugs such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin). Once asbestosis has been established by findings on x-ray, regression of the disease is rare. The disease may remain unchanged, but it is generally slowly progressive because of accumulating damage caused by asbestos fibers in the lung. Rapid progression after onset of symptoms is rare. Evidence of progression as seen on chest x-rays may require comparison of chest x-rays taken as many as 4-6 years apart. There are several factors that determine progression, including the level and duration of exposure to asbestos, cumulative exposure, the type of asbestos fiber, and according to some studies, the status of the chest x-ray at the time of diagnosis. Progression will occur even in the absence of further exposure to asbestos, and it will likely be accelerated in the face of continued exposure. As the disease progresses, the individual’s shortness of breath becomes more pronounced. The shortness of breath initially experienced during heavy effort will be produced by lower levels of effort. It will eventually interfere with the ability to carry out everyday activities, and the individual may require oxygen. The end result of progression is failure of the lungs and eventual heart failure resulting from the stress being placed on the heart. Increased risk of infection may be a complication of asbestosis, although tuberculosis is uncommon. Individuals with asbestosis are at a considerably increased risk for developing lung cancer and other cancers associated with asbestos exposure, including mesothelioma and bronchogenic carcinoma. There are certain measures a patient can take to slow the progression of the disease and prolong life. As mentioned previously, one way is to avoid further TS:12

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exposure to asbestos. Another thing is to stop smoking. Smoking may increase the rate of disease progression, and it definitely increases the risk of developing lung cancer. Severe asbestosis is becoming al less common cause of death. More people are dying of other causes before their asbestosis progresses beyond the mild to moderate stage.

### Asbestosis: Number of deaths by sex, race, and age, U.S. residents age 15 and over, 1991-1992 # Total Deaths

1991

%

946

100.0

#

1992

959

% 100.0

Sex

Male Female

908 38

96.0 4.0

923 36

96.2 3.8

Race

White Black Other

877 63 6

92.7 6.7 0.6

898 57 4

93.6 5.9 0.4

Age

15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 85 + Mean Age Age Range

1 0 1 25 114 370 358 77 73.1 19-96

0.1 0.0 0.1 2.6 12.1 39.1 37.8 8.1

0 0 3 13 124 371 355 93 73.5 38-100

0.0 0.0 0.3 1.4 12.9 38.7 37.0 9.7

NOTE: SOURCE:

Percentages may not total to 100% because of rounding National Center for Health Statistics multiple cause of death data.

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Asbestosis: Numbers of Deaths by state, U.S. residents age 15 and over, 1968-1992 STATE

1968-1978

1979-1990

Alabama

6

92

23

18

139

Alaska

3

4

1

1

9

Arizona

20

64

6

8

98

1

35

6

5

47

157

954

94

95

1,300

5

38

5

4

52

22

94

14

17

147

Delaware

4

37

14

8

63

Dis. of Columbia

2

6

1

-

9

Florida

37

348

54

52

491

Georgia

16

78

10

18

122

Hawaii

1

31

4

4

40

Idaho

3

33

6

3

45

Illinois

40

147

20

21

228

Indiana

9

49

4

4

66

Iowa

5

25

3

7

40

Kansas

1

23

3

7

34

Kentucky

2

31

5

5

43

Louisiana

13

113

20

14

160

9

98

8

8

123

19

172

27

33

251

104

340

27

48

519

19

85

15

16

135

Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut

Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan

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1991

1992

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TOTAL

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STATE

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1968-1978

1979-1990

1991

1992

TOTAL

Minnesota

11

68

6

17

102

Mississippi

2

97

25

25

149

Missouri

23

84

11

14

132

Montana

3

30

2

4

39

Nebraska

2

20

3

2

27

Nevada

3

19

3

1

26

New Hampshire

5

48

1

4

58

New Jersey

232

800

93

80

1,205

New Mexico

4

19

3

1

27

New York

91

272

37

30

430

North Carolina

24

140

21

25

210

-

6

3

-

9

32

167

32

32

255

3

39

6

5

53

25

144

22

22

213

Pennsylvania

165

640

83

100

988

Rhode Island

5

48

1

5

59

37

100

8

13

158

1

2

-

-

3

Tennessee

12

73

8

4

97

Texas

34

354

95

54

537

Utah

1

16

-

4

21

Vermont

2

11

-

3

16

Virginia

39

271

36

43

389

Washington

81

342

50

50

513

6

88

20

28

142

North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon

South Carolina South Dakota

West Virginia

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STATE

1968-1978

1979-1990

1991

1992

TOTAL

Wisconsin

16

56

11

6

89

Wyoming

2

5

4

1

12

1,359

6,856

946

959

10,120

Total

-indicates no death listed SOURCE: National Center for Health Statistics multiple cause of death data as reported in 1996 Work-related Lung Disease Surveillance Report – Asbestos Mortality.

### Asbestosis: Mortality rates (per 1,000,000) by race and sex, U.S. residents age 15 and over, 1991-1992 Year

Overall Rate

White Males Females

Black Males Females

Crude Mortality Rate 1991 1992

4.80 4.82

10.42 10.63

0.42 0.37

5.86 5.00

0.16 0.32

Age-adjusted Mortality Rate 1991 1992

2.94 2.90

6.91 6.93

0.20 0.17

5.79 4.99

0.14 0.28

SOURCE: National Center for Health Statistics multiple cause of death data. Population estimates from U.S. Bureau of Census.

###

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Asbestosis: Years of potential life lost by race and sex, U.S. residents age 15 and over, 1991-1992 Year

Overall

White Males Females

Black Males Females

Years of potential life lost to age 65 1991 1992

1,015 890

845 780

30 15

130 50

0 30

Years of potential life lost to life expectancy 1991 1992

11,883 11,850

9,294 9,441

466 389

664 540

28 80

SOURCE: National Center for Health Statistics multiple cause of death data.

### Asbestosis: Most frequently recorded occupations on death certificate, selected states, U.S. residents age 15 and over, 1991-1992 COC 585 575 593 567 889 633 643 019 783 453

Occupation # Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters 46 Electricians 31 Insulation workers 29 Carpenters 25 Laborers, except construction 24 Supervisors, precision production occupations 18 Boilermakers 18 Managers and administrators, n.e.c. 17 Welders and cutters 17 Janitors and cleaners 15 All other occupations 322 Occupations not reported 16 TOTAL 578

% 8.0 5.4 5.0 4.3 4.2 3.1 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.6 55.7 2.8 100.0

COC - 1980 Census Occupation Code n.e.c. - not elsewhere classified SOURCE: National Center for Health Statistics multiple cause of death data.

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Cancer Reference Information Topic: What Is Cancer? Source: American Cancer Society www.cancer.org Re: CPWR Asbestos Worker Course Instructors Cancer develops when cells in a part of the body begin to grow out of control. Although there are many kinds of cancer, they all start because of out-ofcontrol growth of abnormal cells. Normal body cells grow, divide, and die in an orderly fashion. During the early years of a person’s life, normal cells divide more rapidly until the person becomes and adult. After that, cells in most parts of the body divide only to replace worn-out or dying cells and to repair injuries. Because cancer cells continue to grow and divide, they are different from normal cells. Instead of dying, they outlive normal cells and continue to form new abnormal cells. Cancer cells often travel to other parts of the body where the begin to grow and replace normal tissue. This process, call metastasis, occurs as the cancer cells get into the bloodstream or lymph vessels of our body. When cells from a cancer, like breast cancer, spread to another organ like the liver, the cancer is still called breast cancer, not liver cancer. Cancer cells develop because of damaged DNA. This substance is in every cell and directs all its activities. Most of the time when DNA becomes damaged, the body is able to repair it. In a cancer cell, the damaged DNA is not repaired. People can inherit damaged DNA, which accounts for inherited cancers. Many times though, a person’s DNA becomes damaged by exposure to something in the environment, like smoking. Scientist still do not TS:18

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understand what damages a person’s DNA and how that leads to cancer. Remember that not all tumors are cancerous. Benign (non-cancerous) tumors do not spread to other parts of the body (metastasize) and, with very rare exceptions, are not life-threatening. Different types of cancer behave very differently. For example, lung cancer and breast cancer are very different diseases. They grow at different rates and respond to different treatments. That is why people with cancer need treatment that is aimed at their particular kind of cancer. Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Half of all men and one-third of all women in the U.S. will develop cancer during their lifetimes. Today, millions of people are living with cancer or have had cancer. The risk of developing most types of cancer can be reduced by changes in a person’s lifestyle (by quitting smoking and eating a better diet, for example).

### Approximately one in seven people who suffer from asbestosis ... eventually develop lung cancer. The National Toxicology Program (NTP) classifies asbestos as a know human carcinogen, or in their first of two possible categories. The NTP publishes reports every two years. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), based in Paris, France, rates asbestos exposure as a known human carcinogen, a Group 1 category (IARC has four categories). The U.S. EPA uses five categories to rate exposures, and it places asbestos in its “Category A Human Carcinogen.”

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Topic:

What Are The Risk Factors for Malignant Mesothelioma? Source: American Cancer Society www.cancer.org Re: CPWR Asbestos Worker Course Instructors A risk factor is anything that increases a person’s chance of getting a disease such as cancer. Different cancers have different risk factors. For example, exposing skin to sunlight is a risk factor for skin cancer. Smoking is a risk factor cancers of the lung, mouth, larynx, bladder, kidney, and several other organs. But having a risk factor, or even several, does not mean that a person will get the disease. Asbestos The main risk factor for developing mesothelioma is exposure to asbestos. Asbestos refers to a family of magnesium-silicate mineral fibers. In the past, asbestos was widely used for insulation because it does not conduct heat well and it is resistant to melting or burning. As the link between asbestos and mesothelioma has become well known, the use of this material has decreased. However, up to 8 million Americans may already have been exposed to asbestos. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, as many as 733,000 schools and public buildings in the country today contain asbestos insulation. As many as 10% to 15% of schools in the United States may contain asbestos insulation. People who may be at risk for occupational asbestos exposure include some miners, factory workers, insulation manufacturers, railroad workers, ship builders, gas mask manufacturers, and construction workers, particularly those involved with installing insulation. Several studies have shown that family members of people exposed to asbestos at work have an increased risk of developing mesothelioma because asbestos fibers are carried home on the clothes of the workers. There are two main forms of asbestos – serpentine and amphiboles. • Serpentine fibers are curly and pliable. Chrysotile is the only type of serpentine fiber and it is the most widely used form of asbestos. • Amphiboles are thin, rod-like fibers of which there are 5 main types – crocidolite, amosite, anthophyllite, tremolite, and actinolyte. TS:20

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Amphiboles (particularly crocidolite) are considered to be the most carcinogenic (cancer-causing). However, even more commonly used chrysotile fibers have been associated with malignant (cancerous) mesothelioma and should be considered dangerous as well. Asbestos fibers can also damage the cells of the lung and result in asbestosis (formation of scar tissue in the lung), and/or lung cancer. The risk of lung cancer among people exposed to asbestos is increased by 7 times, compared wit the general population. Indeed, asbestosis, mesothelioma and lung cancer are the 3 most frequent causes of death and disease among people with heavy asbestos exposure. Peritoneal mesothelioma, which forms in the abdomen, may result from coughing up and swallowing inhaled asbestos fibers. Cancers of the larynx, pancreas, esophagus, colon, and kidney have also been linked to asbestos exposure, but the increased risk is not as great as lung cancer. The risk of developing a mesothelioma is related to how much a person was exposed to and how long this exposure lasted. People exposed at an early age, for a long period of time, and at higher levels are most likely to develop this cancer. Mesotheliomas take a long time to develop. The time between exposure to asbestos and diagnosis of mesothelioma is usually between 20 and 40 years. Radiation There have been a few published reports of pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma that developed following exposure to thorium dioxide (Thorotrast). This material was used in the past by doctors for certain x-ray tests. Because Thorotrast was found to cause cancers, it has not been used for many years. Zeolite This is a silicate material, chemically related to asbestos, common in the soil of the Anatoli region of Turkey. A few cases of mesothelioma have been described in this region and may have been caused by this mineral. Tobacco Although tobacco smoking has not been associated with the development of mesotheliomas, the combination of smoking and asbestos exposure greatly

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increases the risk of lung cancer. Asbestos workers who also smoke have a lung cancer risk 50 to 90 times greater than that of the general population. More asbestos workers die of lung cancer than of mesothelioma. Do We Know What Causes Mesothelioma? Asbestos exposure is the main cause of mesothelioma. After these fibers are breathed in, they travel to the ends of small air passages and reach the pleura where they cause physical damage to mesothelial cells that may result in cancer. In addition, they also cause injury to lung cells that can result in lung cancer and/or asbestosis (replacement of lung tissue by scar tissue). If swallowed, these fibers can reach the abdominal cavity where they have a role in causing peritoneal mesothelioma.... Can Malignant Mesothelioma Be Found Early? Certain findings on chest x-rays that suggest asbestos exposure could prompt the need for further tests or close follow-up; however, the chest x-ray is not an effective screening test for early detection of mesothelioma in the general population. Signs and Symptoms of Mesothelioma Early symptoms of mesothelioma are not specific to the disease. People often ignore them or mistake them for common, minor ailments. Most people with mesothelioma have symptoms for only 2 to 3 months before they are diagnosed. About one-quarter have symptoms for at least 6 months before they are diagnosed. Over half of the patients with pleural mesothelioma have pain in the lower back or at the side of the chest. Many report shortness of breath. A smaller percentage have trouble swallowing, cough, fever, sweating, fatigue and weight loss. Other symptoms include hoarseness, coughing up blood, swelling of the face and arms, muscle weakness, and sensory loss. Symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma include abdominal (belly) pain, weight loss, and vomiting. There may also be a hernia, fluid in the abdominal cavity, or a mass in the abdomen.

###

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Topic:

What Are The Key Statistics for Malignant Mesothelioma? Source: American Cancer Society www.cancer.org Re: CPWR Asbestos Worker Course Instructors Mesothelioma is fairly rare. There is an estimated 2,000 - 3,000 new cases per year of mesothelioma in the United States, but this number appears to be number appears to be increasing. The average age at diagnosis is 50 - 70 years old. The disease affects men 3 to 5 times more than women. Mesothelioma is less common in African Americans than in white Americans. ... By the time the symptoms appear and cancer is diagnosed, the disease is often advanced. The average survival rate time is about 1 year. However, if the cancer is found early and treated aggressively, almost half of the patients whose cancer is found early reach the 2-year mark, and about 20% survive 5 years. The 5-year survival rate refers to the percentage of patients who live at least 5 years after their cancer is diagnosed. Five-year rates are used to produce a standard way of discussing prognosis. Of course, many people live much longer than 5 years. Five-year relative survival rates exclude patients dying of other diseases. This means that anyone who died of another cause, such as heart disease, is not counted. Five-year survival rates are based on patients diagnosed and initially treated more than 5 years ago. Improvements in treatment often result in a more favorable outlook for recently diagnosed patients.

###

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Topic:

What Is Malignant Mesothelioma? Source: American Cancer Society www.cancer.org Re: CPWR Asbestos Worker Course Instructors A layer of specialized cells called mesothelial cells lines the chest cavity, abdominal cavity, and the cavity around your heart. These cells also cover the outer surface of most of your internal organs. The tissue formed by these cells is called mesothelium. The mesothelium helps protect your organs by producing special lubricating fluid that allows organs to move around. For example, this fluid makes it easier for the lungs to move inside the chest during breathing. The mesothelium of the chest is called the pleura and the mesothelium of the pericardial cavity (the sac-like space around the heart) is called the pericardium. Tumors of the mesothelium can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). A malignant tumor of the mesothelium is called a malignant mesothelioma. Because most mesothelial tumors are cancerous, malignant mesothelioma is often simply called mesothelioma. It is important not to confuse malignant mesothelioma with benign tumors that also start in the mesothelium. The mesothelium of certain female and male reproductive organs may develop a type of benign tumor called an adenomatoid tumor. In men, this non-cancerous tumor often starts in the epididymis (a small collection of ducts that carry sperm cells out of the testicle). In women, this tumor may begin in the fallopian tubes(tubes that carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus or womb). Another non-cancerous tumor that may begin in mesothelium near female reproductive organs is called benign cystic mesothelioma. A type of benign tumor that used to be called benign fibrous mesothelioma can form in the pleura surrounding the lungs. Doctors know that this tumor actually starts under the mesothelium and not from the mesothelial cells. For this reason, the new name of this tumor is solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura. This disease is usually not cancerous, but cancerous forms can occur. TS:24

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A similar disease starting in the peritoneum is called solitary fibrous tumor of the peritoneum. The tumors described in this paragraph are usually removed surgically, and the patient will not receive any further treatment. Only malignant mesothelioma will be discussed further in this document. Malignant mesotheliomas are divided into 3 main types:

P About 50% to 70% of mesotheliomas are the epitheloid type. This type has the prognosis for survival. P The sacromatoid type (7% - 20%) P The mixed/biphasic type (20% - 35%)

Treatment options for all 3 types are the same. About 75% of mesotheliomas start in the chest cavity. They are known as pleural mesotheliomas. Another 10% to 20% begin in the abdomen. These are called peritoneal mesotheliomas. Pericardial mesotheliomas, those starting in the cavity around the heart, are very rare. The covering layer of the testicles is actually an outpouching of peritoneum into the scrotum. Mesotheliomas that effect this covering of the testicles are quite rare.

###

Topic:

How Is Malignant Mesothelioma Diagnosed? Source: American Cancer Society www.cancer.org Re: CPWR Asbestos Worker Course Instructors ... Medical history and physical examination A complete medical history (interview) is taken to check for risk factors and symptoms. This will include questions to determine if you have been exposed to asbestos. A physical exam will provide information about signs of mesothelioma and other health problems. Patients with pleural mesotheliomas (mesotheliomas of the chest) often have pleural effusion (fluid in their chest cavity) caused by The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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the mesothelioma, and pericardial effusion (fluid in the pericardium) in cases of pericardial mesothelioma can also be detected during a physical exam. Imaging tests A chest x-ray may show irregular thickening of the pleura, pleural calcifications (mineral deposits), lowering of lung fissures (spaces between the lobes of the lungs), and fluid in the pleural space. These findings suggest asbestos exposure leading to the development of a mesothelioma. Imaging studies such as x-rays, computed tomography (CT) scans, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans will help determine the location, size, and extent of the cancer. The CT scan uses a rotating x-ray beam to create a series of pictures of the body from many angles. A computer combines these pictures to produce detailed cross-sectional views of a selected part of the body. You may be asked for permission to have a harmless dye injected into a vein to highlight details on the CT scan. MRI uses magnetic fields instead of x-rays to create images of selected areas of the body. As with the CT scan, a computer generates a detailed cross-sectional view. Tests of fluid and tissue samples In patients with a pleural effusion, a sample of this fluid can be removed by inserting a needle into the chest cavity. A similar technique can be used to obtain abdominal fluid and pericardial fluid. The fluid is then tested to see its chemical make up and viewed under a microscope to determine whether cancer cells are present. A tissue sample of a pleural or pericardial tumor can be obtained using a relatively new technique called thoracoscopy. A thoracoscope (telescope-like instrument connected to a video camera) is inserted through a small incision into the chest. Your doctor can see the tumor through the thoracoscope, and can use special forceps to take a tissue biopsy. Similarly, laparoscopy can be used to see and obtain a biopsy of a peritoneal tumor. In this procedure, a flexible tube attached to a video camera is inserted into the abdominal cavity through small incisions on the front of the abdomen. Fluid can also be collected during thoracoscopy or laparoscopy. Surgery, either a thoracotomy (which opens the chest cavity) or a laparotomy (which opens the abdominal cavity), allows the surgeon to remove a larger sample of tumor or, sometimes, to remove the entire tumor. TS:26

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For patients who might have pleural mesothelioma, the doctor may also do a bronchoscopy. In this procedure a flexible lighted tube is inserted through your mouth, down the trachea, and into the bronchi to see if there are other masses in the airway. Small samples of abnormal-appearing tissue can be removed for testing. The patient may also have a mediastinscopy. A lighted tube is inserted under the sternum (chest bone) at the level of the neck and moved down into the chest. Mediastinscopy allows the surgeon to view the lymph nodes in this area and remove samples to check for cancer. Lymph nodes are bean-sized collections of immune system cells that help the body fight infections and cancers. Cancers in the lung often spread to lymph nodes, but mesotheliomas rarely do this. Tests on lymph nodes can give the doctor information on whether a cancer is still localized or if it has started to spread, and can help distinguish lung cancer from mesothelioma. It is often hard to diagnose mesothelioma by looking at the cells from the fluid around the lungs, abdomen, or heart. It is even hard to diagnose mesothelioma with tissue from biopsies. Under the microscope, mesothelioma can look like several other types of cancer. For example, pleural mesothelioma may resemble some types of lung cancer and peritoneal mesothelioma may resemble some cancers of the ovaries. For this reason, special laboratory tests often use special techniques to recognize certain markers (types of chemicals) contained in mesotheliomas. Different markers are present in cancer of the lung or ovary. The electron microscope can magnify samples more than 100 times greater than the light microscope which is generally used in cancer diagnosis. This more powerful microscope makes it possible to see the small parts of the cancer cells that distinguish mesothelioma from other types of cancer.

### Healthy Lung

Lung Cancer

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Topic: How Is Mesothelioma Staged? Source: American Cancer Society www.cancer.org Re: CPWR Asbestos Worker Course Instructors Staging is the process of finding out how far the cancer has spread. Staging of mesothelioma is based on imaging studies such as x-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans. The treatment and outlook for patients with mesothelioma largely depends on the stage (extent of spread) of their cancer. Since pleural mesothelioma occurs most frequently and has been studied the most, it is the only mesothelioma for which a staging classification exists. The staging system most often used for mesothelioma is the BUTCHART System. This system is based mainly on the extent of the primary tumor mass, and it divides mesothelioma in stages I through IV. Stage I Mesothelioma is present within the right or left pleura, and may also involve the lung, pericardium, or diaphragm (the muscle separating the chest from the abdomen) on the same side. Stage II Mesothelioma invades the chest wall or involves the esophagus (food passage connecting the throat to the stomach), heart, or pleura on both sides. The lymph nodes in the chest may also be involved. Stage III Mesothelioma has penetrated through the diaphragm into the peritoneum (lining of the abdominal cavity). Lymph nodes beyond those in the chest may also be involved. Stage IV There is evidence of distant metastases (spread through the bloodstream to other organs). TS:28

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Another staging system has recently been developed by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). This is the TNM system, similar to staging systems for most other cancers. T stands for tumor (its size and how far it has spread to nearby organs), N stands for spread to lymph nodes, and M is for metastasis (spread to distant organs). In TNM staging, information about tumor, lymph nodes, and metastasis is combined in a process called stage grouping to assign a stage described by Roman numerals from I to IV. Minor differences exist between the [more detailed and precise] AJCC TNM staging system and the [still most often used] Butchart staging....

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How Is Malignant Mesothelioma Treated? Source: American Cancer Society www.cancer.org Re: CPWR Asbestos Worker Course Instructors ... Surgery Surgery for mesothelioma may be performed for 1 of 2 reasons: for palliation (to relieve pain and discomfort caused by the tumor), or to cure. • Palliative surgery is typically done in cases where the tumor has already spread beyond the mesothelium and is difficult to completely remove, or in cases where the patient is too ill to tolerate a more extensive operation. • Curative surgery is offered when the patient is in otherwise good health and the tumor is thought to be localized and can be completely removed. Unfortunately, microscopic spread of cancer cells into the chest wall and diaphragm are common even when such spread cannot be detected by routine tests. Therefore, given the extent of these operations and their limited success, the exact role of surgery in treating mesothelioma is often debated. Depending on the stage of mesothelioma, surgery may be used to remove the cancer and some of the surrounding tissue. Often, however, an operation is not appropriate and the patient may have only minimally invasive procedures The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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to relieve symptoms. • A thoracentesis, where fluid in the chest is removed by placing a needle into the chest cavity, may be done to make a patient more comfortable. • Sometimes talc or an antibiotic may be injected into the chest cavity to try to prevent the fluid from returning. These techniques are successful in controlling the fluid, at least temporarily, in as many as 90% of the patients. Because pleural fluid can compress the lung and cause shortness of breath, these procedures can help patients breathe more easily; however, they do not cure the cancer. • In the case of peritoneal mesothelioma, a needle may be inserted into the abdomen to drain the fluid. • Similarly, a needle inserted into the pericardium (sac around the heart) can drain pericardial fluid and help relieve circulatory problems; however, draining this fluid may result in complications. Sometimes cancer cells spread along the needle path, and a tumor nodule may form under the skin of that area. Two surgical procedures may be offered to patients with mesothelioma: pleurectomy/decortication and extrplureal pneumonectomy. Pleurectomy/decortication: Pleurectomy/decortication is usually palliative (relieves symptoms without curing the cancer) procedure in cases where the entire tumor cannot be removed. It involves removal of the pleura, where the majority of the tumor is located. It is effective in controlling effusions (fluid accumulation) and decreasing the pain caused by the cancer. Extrplureal pneumonectomy: Extrplureal pneumonectomy is a far more extensive operation and is most often used in cases of localized mesothelioma. The operation is technically difficult and performed only by surgeons in large specialized medical centers. It involves removing the pleura, diaphragm, pericardium, and the whole lung on the side of the tumor. The patient must be in overall good health with no other serious illnesses in order to tolerate the large operation. This operation is intended to remove all or most of the surrounding cancer and some surrounding tissues as well. Surgical treatment of peritoneal mesothelioma is often performed either to help relieve symptoms or to attempt to remove the tumor from the wall of the abdomen and other digestive organs. As with pleural mesothelioma, these tumors are often too extensive to remove completely. Similar operations can be performed to remove a mesothelioma from the pericardium (the sac around TS:30

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the heart). Chemotherapy Chemotherapy is the use of drugs for treating cancer. The drugs can be swallowed in pill form or they can be injected by needle into a vein or muscle. Chemotherapy is systemic therapy. This means that the drug enters the bloodstream and circulate throughout the body (through the whole system) to reach and destroy cancer cells. In treating mesothelioma, these drugs may also be given intrapleurally (directly into the chest cavity) or intraperitoneally (into the abdominal cavity). Depending on the type and stage of mesothelioma, chemotherapy may be given as the primary (main) treatment or as an adjuvant (addition) to surgery. Several anti-cancer drugs have been used to treat mesothelioma. the drug most effective when given alone is doxorubicin (Adriamycin). Other drugs that may be given alone include cisplatin, methotrexate, vinorelbine, and capecitabine. These anti-cancer drugs are often given in combination to try to increase their effectiveness. Combinations of drugs used in treatment of mesothelioma include methotrexate and vincristine; cisplatin, vinblastine, and mitomycin; cisplatin and doxorubicin; and doxorubicin, cyclophoshamide (or ifosfamide), and cisplatin. Other drugs such as paclitaxel and irinotecan are currently being studied to determine their effectiveness in treating mesothelioma. Chemotherapy drugs kill cancer cells but also damage some normal cells; therefore, your doctor will pay careful attention to avoid or minimize side effects, which depends on the specific drugs, the amount taken, and the length of treatment. Temporary side effects might include nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, loss of hair, and mouth sores. Because chemotherapy can damage blood-producing cells of the bone marrow, patients may have low blood cell counts. This can result in: • An increased risk of infection (because of a shortage of white blood cells); • Bleeding or bruising after minor cuts and injuries (because of a shortage of blood platelets); and • Fatigue or shortness of breath (because of low red blood cell counts). The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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Most side effects disappear once treatment stops. There are remedies for many of the temporary side effects of chemotherapy. For example, you can be give antiemetic drugs to prevent or reduce nausea or vomiting. If you experience any side effects, be sure to talk with your doctor. Radiation Therapy Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to kill cancer cells. ¤ External beam radiation therapy uses radiation delivered from outside the body that is focused on the cancer. This type of radiation therapy is often used to treat mesothelioma. These treatments are much like getting a diagnostic x-ray except for a longer time. ¤ Brachytherapy involves radioactive material being placed directly into the chest or the abdomen at the site of the mesothelioma. Radiation therapy is sometimes used as the main treatment of mesothelioma in some patients, especially those whose general health is too poor to undergo surgery. ¤ Adjuvant radiation therapy can also be used in addition to surgery to kill small deposits of cancer that cannot be seen and removed surgically. ¤ Palliative radiation therapy can also be used to ease symptoms of mesothelioma such as shortness of breath, pain, bleeding, and difficulty swallowing. Side effects of radiation may include fatigue and mild skin changes that resemble a sunburn. Often these side effects are temporary. Radiation may also make the side effects of chemotherapy worse. Chest radiation therapy may cause lung damage and lead to difficulty breathing and shortness of breath. Abdominal radiation therapy may cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Treatment of Mesothelioma by Stage Treatment strategies based on the stage of a mesothelioma have only been described for pleural mesotheliomas, using the Butchart Staging system.... Stage I Mesothelioma: Many patients with Stage I mesothelioma have their cancer surgically removed by pleurectomy/decortication or extrplureal pneumonectomy ...The value of adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy (treatments after surgery) for Stage I mesothelioma is uncertain. Radiation therapy may be used for patients whose general TS:32

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health is too poor to tolerate a major operation. Stages II, III Mesothelioma: Treatment options include palliative and supportive care providing relief of symptoms, such as thoracentesis (to remove fluid accumulation in the chest cavity), operations to remove as much of the tumor as possible in some cases, and radiation therapy or chemotherapy aimed at easing symptoms. Cure is not possible for patients in these stages. Enrollment in clinical trials evaluating the newest treatment possibilities in large medical centers should be considered. Stage IV Mesothelioma: Because Stage IV mesothelioma cancer has spread to distant organs, a cure is not possible. If any aggressive therapy is used, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, the goals should be clear to the patient and family. Enrollment in clinical trials evaluating the newest treatment possibilities in large medical centers should be considered. Supportive care may be the best choice, perhaps in the setting of a good hospice program. Pain management is an important aspect of patient care. It is important for patients to know that medications are available to effectively treat pain due to mesothelioma. Patients should not hesitate to request pain medications or discuss pain control problems with their cancer care team.

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New Drug Nearly Doubles Survival Time For Mesothelioma Patients

Pain, Other Symptoms Also Eased For Many Article date: 08/20/02

Source: American Cancer Society www.cancer.org Re: CPWR Asbestos Worker Course Instructors

An experimental anti-cancer drug, pemetrexed, is continuing to show increasing promise for patients with malignant mesothelioma ... according to research reported in the August 15 issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology (Vol. 20, No. 16: 3533-3544). The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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The previously untested combination of pemetrexed (Alimata) plus the established chemotherapy drug carboplatin stretched patients’ survival to an average of 15 months, almost doubling the eight-to-nine month average experts say is more typical with other mesothelioma therapies. “This drug combination showed remarkable activity in mesothelioma,” noted the trial study author, professor Hilary Calvert of the Cancer Research Unit at Newcastle University, in Newcastle-Upon-the-Tyne in England. About one-third of the patients were still alive at the time the study was written, some after almost three years. Among nearly one-third of the patients, tumors shrank, and more than twothirds of the patients reported an improvement in symptoms such as pain. There were relatively few side effects other than temporary declines in the number of infection-fighting white blood cells and platelets (which help stop bleeding). The researchers noted these problems are likely to be in even milder in future trials because it’s known that adding folic acid and vitamin B12 to patients’ diets helps lessen side effects. Most Drugs Ineffective Against Mesothelioma “These results are quite gratifying and do indeed suggest that real progress has been made in the treatment of advanced pleural mesothelioma,” said mesothelioma expert Nicholas J. Vogelzang, MD, director of the University of Chicago Cancer Research Center in Chicago. Most chemotherapy drugs are relatively ineffective against advanced mesothelioma, said Vogelzang, so there is no standard therapy for it. Many doctors now recommend treatment only to relieve pain and other symptoms when the disease is advanced, he noted. In the chest, mesothelioma is usually caused by exposure to asbestos. It is diagnosed in about 2,500 patients in the US every year and twice that many in Europe. Those figures may increase four times in the next eight years, said Vogelzang. That’s because many people have already been exposed to asbestos, but the disease will take years to develop and produce symptoms, he noted.

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History of Drug Shows Typically Long Path To Success ... [In] the 1990s a Princeton biochemistry professor discovered pemetrexed, which interferes with three enzymes that help mesothelioma cells to use folic acid, yet has few serious side effects. Pemetrexed proved effective against mesothelioma when used with the chemotherapy cisplatin (a cousin of carboplatin) in early trials. Earlier this year, Vogelzang and colleagues reported initial results from the largest mesothelioma trial yet conducted, which included 450 patients. In this study, tumors shrank in 41% of patients on pemetrexed plus cisplatin, compared to 17% treated with cisplatin alone, and patients on the combination survived and average of one year. The full results of the study will likely be published soon, he noted....

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Study Shows Chemotherapy Effective in Asbestos-related Lung Cancer

Drug May Provide Foundation for Future Asbestos-related Cancer Treatment

Source: American Cancer Society www.cancer.org Re: CPWR Asbestos Worker Course Instructors

A chemotherapy agent that often succeeds against breast cancer and nonsmall cell lung cancers shows promise in treating pleural mesothelioma, an asbestos-related cancer of the membranes surrounding the lungs, according to a study in the Dec. 1 issue of Journal of Clinical Oncology. Malignant pleural mesothelioma is incurable except in rare cases when the tumor can be completely removed surgically. The phase II study of 29 patients at St. Bartholomew’s Hospital in London offers the first look at the effects of vinorelbine on mesothelioma, which effects about 2,000 to 3,000 new patients a year in the United States. The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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The results surprised the researchers: a partial tumor response in seven patients (24%); stabilization in 16 (55%); and disease progression in six patients (21%). Previously published studies of other single chemotherapy agents show a response rate ranging from 7% to 20%. Combination therapy can achieve greater gains but has a higher toxicity. “The study shows that this drug has the potential to be helpful and with relatively good tolerance, but I wouldn’t say this is a breakthrough yet,” says Franco Muggia, MD, director of medical oncology at New York University School of Medicine. “It may be a building block for other treatments to be developed.” Vinorelbine’s eventual role against mesothelioma depends on a few factors, Muggia says: how long patients remain in remission; whether larger studies achieve encouraging 24% response rate; and how well it combines with other chemotherapy drugs. Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a cancer that develops in the thin, slippery membrane between the lung and chest wall. Growth of the cancer can turn the membrane into a thick, rubbery straightjacket, depriving the lung of its ability to expand. As important as vinorelbine’s effect on tumors was the rarity of serious side effects, says lead author Jeremy P. Steele, MD, Department of Medical Oncology, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital. All patients reported some degree of fatigue, but no one experienced significant hair loss, vomiting, nausea, or appetite loss. Almost two-thirds of patients had low white blood cell counts at some time during their treatments. Although low white blood cell counts reduce patients’ resistance to infection, only one patient in this study had an infection serious enough to require treatment in a hospital. In addition to shrinkage of tumors observed by computed tomography scans, many patients noted improvements in symptoms. Among patients who completed between one and two six-treatment cycles of vinorelbine, a dozen (52%) reported improved lung-related symptoms and 15 (65%) reported improvement in other physical symptoms. Moreover, many patients began feeling better within a month, exceeding the study team’s expectations.

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St. Bartholomew’s, a nearly 900 year-old hospital in the center of London, sees 120 new patients with mesothelioma a year, roughly 10% of the United Kingdom’s cases. The disease is on the rise in Europe and tends to surface about 40 years after asbestos exposure, Steele says, commonly striking former asbestos manufacturing plant workers, and those in the building and shipping trades....

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Smoking Factoids AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION Asbestos workers who smoke more than a pack a day have up to 90 times the chance of dying of lung cancer compared with workers who neither smoke nor work with asbestos. Smoking is directly responsible for 87% of lung cancer cases. One in three smokers dies early because of smoking. More than 45.7 million Americans have quit smoking. Quitting smoking is hard. Usually people make 2 or 3 tries, or more, before finally being able to quit. CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL Smoking-related diseases claim an estimated 430,700 American lives each year (two-thirds men and one-third women). Tobacco is the #1 cause of death and disease in this country. About 81,000 men and 36,000 women die of lung cancer each year. Although relapse rates are most common in the first few weeks or months after quitting, people who stop smoking for 3 months are often able to remain cigarette-free for the rest of their lives.

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Nicotine is the drug in cigarettes and other forms of tobacco that causes addiction. Nicotine replacement products deliver small, steady doses of nicotine into the body, which helps to relieve withdrawal symptoms often felt by people trying to quit smoking. These products, which are available in four forms (patches, gum, nasal spray, and inhaler), appear to be equally effective. There is evidence that combining the patch with nicotine gum or nicotine nasal spray increases long-term quit rates compared with using a single type nicotine replacement therapy. Nicotine gum, in combination with nicotine patch therapy, may also reduce withdrawal symptoms better than either medication alone. Researchers recommend combining nicotine replacement therapy with advice or counseling from a doctor, dentist, pharmacist, or other health provider. • The nicotine patch, which is available over the counter (without a prescription), supplies a steady amount of nicotine to the body through the skin. The nicotine patch is sold in varying strengths as an 8-week smoking cessation treatment. Nicotine doses are gradually lowered as the treatment progresses. The nicotine patch may not be a good choice for people with skin problems or allergies to adhesive tape. • Nicotine gum is available over the counter in 2- and 4-mg strengths. Chewing gum releases nicotine into the bloodstream through the lining of the mouth. Nicotine gum might not be appropriate for people with temporomandular joint disease (TMJ) or for those with dentures or other dental work such as bridges. • Nicotine nasal spray was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1996 for use by prescription only. The spray comes in a pump bottle containing nicotine that tobacco users inhale when they have an urge to smoke. This product is not recommended for people with nasal or sinus conditions, allergies, or asthma, nor is it recommended for young tobacco users. • A nicotine inhaler, also available only by prescription, was approved by the FDA in 1997. This device delivers a vaporized form of nicotine to the mouth through a mouthpiece attached to a plastic cartridge. Even though it is called an inhaler, the device does not deliver nicotine to the lungs the way a cigarette does. Most of the nicotine only travels to the mouth and throat, where it is absorbed through mucous membranes. Common side effects include throat and mouth irritation and coughing. Anyone with a bronchial problem such as asthma should use it with caution. Bupropion, a non-nicotine prescription anti-depressant marketed as Zyban®, was approved by the FDA in 1997 to treat nicotine addiction. This drug can help to reduce nicotine withdrawal symptoms and the urge to smoke. Some TS:38

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common side effects of bupropion are dry mouth, difficulty sleeping, dizziness, and skin rash. People should not use this drug if they have a seizure conditions such as epilepsy or an eating disorder such as anorexia nervosa or bulima, or if they are taking other medicines that contain bupropion hydrochloride. U.S. SURGEON GENERAL Recent surveys show that 25 percent (50 million) of all adult American adults smoke. $50 billion annually is spent on medical care costs attributed to smoking and smoking-related diseases. An additional $47 billion is annually attributed to lost earnings and productivity. Studies suggest that more than 70% of the 50 million smokers in the U.S. today have made at least one prior attempt to quit, and approximately 46% try to quit each year. Most smokers make several quit attempts before they are successful. Only 21% of practicing physicians say that they have received adequate training to help their patients stop smoking. NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE Cigarette smoking accounts for nearly one-third of all cancer deaths in this country each year. People who quit smoking live longer than those who continue to smoke. After 10 to 15 years, a previous tobacco user’s risk of premature death approaches that of a person who has never smoked. About 10 years after quitting, an exsmoker’s risk of dying from lung cancer is 30% to 50% less than the risk for those who continue to smoke. Smokers who quit before age 50 have half the risk of dying in the next 16 years compared with people who continue to smoke. By age 64, their overall chance of dying is similar to that of people the same age who have never smoked.

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RESOURCES American Cancer Society 1599 Clifton Rd., NE Atlanta, GA 30329-4251 1-800-227-2345 cancer.org

American Lung Association 1740 Broadway New York, NY 10019-4274 1-800-586-4872 lungusa.org

American Heart Association National Center 7272 Greenville Ave. Dallas, TX 75231 1-800-242-8721 americanheart.org

National Cancer Institute Bethesda, MD 20892 1-800-422-6237 nci.nih.gov

National Institute of Health nih.gov

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MOLD REMEDIATION INDEX Mould Growth Prevention and Remediation. A 3-page handout with a graphic representation of the U.S. EPA’s Mold Remediation in Schools and Public Buildings. Source: Education Safety Association, Toronto, Canada. Sometimes a drawing helps.

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Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Buildings, EPA Office of Air and Radiation, Indoor Environments Division. Tables 1 and 2 from this document.

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Guidelines on Assessment and Remediation of Fungi in Indoor Environments, New York City Department of Health and & Mental Hygiene, Bureau of Environment & Occupational Disease Epidemiology.

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Microbial Remediation Specifications. A teaching document developed by a professional engineer (P.E.) from New York. It appears to be a re-worked asbestos abatement document. Some corrections have been made to the document and a few comments inserted; otherwise, the document is as a student in the engineer’s class would find it.

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Microbial Contamination Remediation Specifications, Table of Contents. Actual TOC from a east central U.S. environmental consultant (CIH) who owns his own mold remediation business.

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Mold airlock entry and exit design currently in use

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Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Buildings

EPA Office of Air and Radiation, Indoor Environments Division March 2001 EPA 402-K-01-001 50 pgs.

Table 1: Water Damage and Cleanup and Mold Prevention Table 1 presents strategies to respond to water damage within 24-48 hours. These guidelines are designed to help avoid the need for remediation of mold growth by taking quick action before growth starts. If mold growth is found on the materials listed in Table 1, refer to Table 2 for guidance on remediation. Depending on the size of the area involved and resources available, professional assistance may be needed to dry an area quickly and thoroughly.

Table 2: Mold Remediation Guidelines Table 2 presents remediation guidelines for building materials that have or are likely to have mold growth. The guidelines in Table 2 are designed to protect the health of occupants and cleanup personnel during remediation. Mold and Indoor Air These guidelines are based on the area Regulations and Standards and type of material affected by water damage and/or mold growth. Please Standards or Threshold Limit note that these are guidelines: Values (TLVs) for airborne professionals may prefer other concentrations of mold, or mold cleaning methods. If you are spores, have not been set. AS of considering cleaning your ducts as December 2000, there are no part of your remediation plan, you EPA regulations or standards for should consult EPA’s publication airborne mold contaminants. entitled, Should You Have the Air Ducts In Your Home Cleaned? ... If possible, remediation activities should be scheduled during off-hours when building occupants are less likely to be affected.

Please note that Tables 1 and 2 contain general guidelines. Their purpose is to provide basic information for remediation managers to first assess the extent of the damage and then to determine whether the remediation should be managed by in-house personnel or outside professionals. The remediation manager can then use the guidelines to help design a remediation plan or assess a plan submitted by outside professionals.

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Although the level of personal protection suggested in these guidelines is based on the total surface area contaminated and the potential for remediator and/or occupant exposure, professional judgment should always play a part in remediation decisions. These remediation guidelines are based on the size of the affected area to make it easier for remediators to select appropriate techniques, not on the basis of health effects or research showing there is a specific method appropriate to a certain number of square feet. The remediation manager will then use professional judgement and experience to adapt the guidelines to particular situations. When in doubt, caution is advised. Consult an experienced remediator for more information. In cases in which a particularly toxic mold species has been identified or is suspected, when extensive hidden If building occupants are mold is expected (such as behind reporting serious health vinyl wallpaper or in the HVAC concerns, you should consult a system), when the chances of the health professional. mold becoming airborne are estimated to be high, or sensitive individuals (e.g., those with severe allergies or asthma) are present, a more cautious or conservative approach to remediation is indicated. Always make sure to protect remediators and building occupants from exposure to mold. Health Concerns

This document is referenced at the bottom of Table 2 on page 50 in this chapter.

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Table 1: Water Damage – Cleanup and Mold Prevention Guidelines for Response to Clean Water Damage within 24-48 Hours to Prevent Mold Growth* Water-Damaged Material+

Actions

Books and papers

• For non-valuable items, discard books and papers. • Photocopy valuable important items, discard originals. • Freeze (in frost-free or meat locker) or freeze dry.

Carpet and backing - dry † within 24-48 hours

• Remove water with water extraction vacuum. • Reduce ambient humidity levels with dehumidifier. • Accelerate drying process with fans.

Ceiling Tiles

• Discard and replace.

Cellulose Insulation

• Discard and replace.

Concrete or cinder block surfaces

• Remove water with water extraction vacuum. • Accelerate drying process with dehumidifiers, fans, or heaters.

Fiberglass Insulation

• Discard and replace.

Hard surface, porous flooring (linoleum, ceramic tile, vinyl)

• Vacuum or damp wipe with water and mild detergent and allow to dry; scrub if necessary. • Check to make sure underflooring is dry; dry if necessary.

Non-porous, hard surfaces (Plastics, metal)

• Vacuum or damp wipe with water and mild detergent and allow to dry; scrub if necessary

Upholstered Furniture

• Remove water with extraction vacuum. • Accelerate drying process with dehumidifiers, fans, and/or heaters • May be difficult to completely dry within 48 hours. If the piece is valuable, you may wish to consult a restoration/water damage professional who specializes in furniture.

Wallboard (Drywall and gypsum board)

• May be dried in place if there is no obvious swelling and the seams are intact. If not, remove, discard, and replace. • Ventilate the wall cavity, if possible.

Window Drapes

• Follow manufacturer’s laundering or cleaning instructions.

Wood Surfaces

• Remove moisture immediately and use dehumidifiers, gentle heat, and fans for drying. (Use caution when applying heat to hardwood floors.) • Treated or finished wood surfaces may be cleaned with mild detergent and clean water and allowed to dry. • Wet paneling should be pried away from wall for drying.

*If mold growth has occurred or materials have been wet for more than 48 hours, consult Table 2 guidelines. Even if materials are dried within 48 hours, mold growth may have occurred. Items may be tested by professionals if there is doubt. Note that mold growth will not always occur after 48 hours; this is only a guideline for sanitary, clean water damage. + If a particular item(s) has high monetary or sentimental value, you may wish to consult a restoration/water damage specialist. † The subfloor under the carpet or other flooring material must also be cleaned and dried.

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Table 2: Guidelines for Remediating Building Materials with Mold Growth Caused by Clean Water* Material or Furnishing Affected

Cleanup Methods+

PPE

Containment

Small - Total Surface Area Affected Less Than 10 square feet (ft2) Books and papers

3

Carpet and backing

1, 3

Concrete or cinder block

1,3

Minimum

Hard surface, porous flooring (linoleum, ceramic tile, vinyl)

1, 2, 3

Non-porous, hard surfaces (plastics, metals)

1, 2, 3

N-95 respirator, gloves, and goggles

Upholstered furniture & drapes Wallboard (drywall & gypsum board) Wood surfaces

1, 3

None Required

3 1, 2, 3

Medium - Total Surface Area Affected Between 10 and 100 (ft2) Books and papers

3

Carpet and backing

1, 2, 4

Concrete or cinder block

1, 3

Hard surface, porous flooring (linoleum, ceramic tile, vinyl)

1, 2, 3

Non-porous, hard surfaces (plastics, metals)

1, 2, 3

Upholstered furniture & drapes

1, 2, 3

Wallboard (drywall & gypsum board) Wood surfaces

3, 4 1, 2, 3

Limited or Full Use professional judgment, consider potential for remediator exposure and size of contaminated area

Limited Use professional judgment, consider potential for remediator/ occupant exposure and size of contaminated area

Table 2 continued on next page ±

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Table 2: Guidelines for Remediating Building Materials with Mold Growth Caused by Clean Water* Material or Furnishing Affected

Cleanup Methods+

PPE

Containment

Large - Total Surface Area Affected Greater Than 100 (ft2) or Potential for Increased Significant Exposure Remediation Estimated to be Significant Books and papers Carpet and backing Concrete or cinder block Hard surface, porous flooring (linoleum, ceramic tile, vinyl)

3

Full

Full

1, 3, 4

Use professional judgment, consider potential for remediator exposure and size of contaminated area

Use professiona l judgment, consider potential for remediator/ occupant exposure and size of contaminated area

1, 3 1, 2, ,3 ,4

Non-porous, hard surfaces (plastics, metals)

1, 2, 3

Upholstered furniture & drapes

1, 3, 4

Wallboard (drywall & gypsum board) Wood surfaces

3, 4 1, 2, 3, 4

*Use professional judgment to determine prudent levels of Personal Protective Equipment and containment for each situation, particularly as the remediation site size increases and the potential for exposure and health effects rises. Assess the need for increased Personal Protective Equipment if, during the remediation, more extensive contamination is encountered than was expected. Consult Table 1 if materials have been wet for less than 48 hours and mold growth is not apparent. These guidelines are for damage caused by clean water. If you know or suspect that the water source is contaminated with sewage, or chemical of biological pollutants, then OSHA requires PPE and containment. An experienced professional should be consulted if you and/or your remediators do not have expertise in remediating contaminated water situations. +

Select method most appropriate to situation. Since molds gradually destroy the things they grow on, if mold growth is not addressed promptly, some items may be damaged such that cleaning will not restore their original appearance. If mold growth is heavy and items are valuable or important, you may wish to consult a restoration/water damage/remediation expert. Please note that these are guidelines; other cleaning methods may be preferred by some professional.

Table 2 continued on next page ±

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Table 2: Guidelines for Remediating Building Materials with Mold Growth Caused by Clean Water CLEANUP METHODS Method 1: Wet vacuum (in the case of porous materials, some mold spores/fragments will remain in the material but will not grow if the material is completely dried). Steam cleaning may be an alternate for carpets and some upholstered furniture. Method 2: Damp-wipe surfaces with plain water or with water and detergent solution (except wood – use wood floor cleaner); scrub as needed. Method 3: High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) vacuum after the material has been thoroughly dried. Dispose of the contents of the HEPA vacuum in well-sealed bags. Method 4: Discard – remove water-damaged materials and seal in plastic bags while inside of containment, if present. Dispose of as normal waste. HEPA vacuum area after it is dried.

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) Minimum: Gloves, N–95 respirator, goggles/eye protection Limited: N–95 respirator or half-face respirator with HEPA filter, disposable overalls, goggles/eye protection. Full: Gloves, disposable full body clothing, head gear, foot coverings, full-face respirator with HEPA filter.

CONTAINMENT Limited: Use polyethylene sheeting ceiling to floor around affected area with a slit entry and a covering flap; maintain area under negative pressure with HEPA filtered fan unit. Block supply and return air vents within containment area. Full: Use two layers of fire-retardant polyethylene sheeting with one airlock chamber. Maintain area under negative pressure with HEPA filtered fan exhausted outside the building. Block supply and return air vents within containment area. Table developed from literature and remediation documents including Bioaersols: Assessment and Control (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 1999) and IICRC S500, Standard and Reference Guide for Professional Water Damage Restoration (Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration, 1999).

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Guidelines on Assessment and Remediation of Fungi in Indoor Environments

New York City Department of Health & Mental Hygiene, Bureau of Environmental & Occupational Disease Epidemiology (April 2000) January 2002

16 pages

... Five different levels of abatement are described below. The size of the area impacted by fungal contamination primarily determines the type of remediation. The sizing levels below are based on professional judgement and practicality; currently there is not adequate data to relate the extent of contamination to frequency or severity of health effects. The goal of remediation is to remove or clean contaminated materials in a way that prevents the emission of fungi and dust contaminated with fungi from leaving the work area and entering an occupied or nonabatement area, while protecting the health of workers performing the abatement. The listed remediation methods were designed to achieve this goal, however, due to the general nature of these methods it is the responsibility of the people conducting remediation to ensure the methods enacted are adequate. The listed remediation methods are not meant to exclude other similarly effective methods. Any changes to the remediation methods listed in these guidelines, however, should be carefully considered prior to implementation. Non porous (e.g., metals, glass, and hard plastics) and semi-porous (e.g., wood and concrete) material that are structurally sound and are visibly moldy can be cleaned and reused. Cleaning should be done using a detergent solution. Porous materials such as ceiling tiles and insulation, and wallboards with more than a small area of contamination should be removed and discarded. Porous materials (e.g., wallboard and fabrics) that can be cleaned can be reused, but should be discarded if possible. A professional restoration consultant should be contacted when restoring porous materials with more than a small area of fungal contamination. All materials to be reused should be dry and visibly free from mold. Routine inspections should be conducted to confirm the effectiveness of remediation work. The use of gaseous, vapor-phase, or aerosolized biocides for remedial purposes The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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are not recommended. The use of biocides in this manner can pose health concerns for people in occupied spaces of the building and for people returning to the treated space if used improperly. Furthermore, the effectiveness of these treatments is unproven and does not address the possible health concerns from the presence of the remaining non-viable mold. For additional information on the use of biocides for remedial purposes, refer to American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists’ document, Bioaersols: Assessment and Control.

Level I: Small Isolated Areas

(10 ft2 or less) – e.g., ceiling tiles, small areas of the walls a. Remediation can be conducted by regular building maintenance staff. Such persons should receive training on proper clean up methods, personal protection, and potential health hazards. This training can be performed as part of a program to comply with the requirements of the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). b. Respiratory protection (e.g., N–95 disposable respirator), in accordance with the OSHA respiratory protection standard (29 CFR 1910.134), is recommended. Gloves and eye protection should be worn. c. The work area should be unoccupied. Vacating people from spaces adjacent to the work area is not necessary but is recommended in the presence of infants (less than 12 months old), persons recovering from recent surgery, immune suppressed people, or people with chronic inflammatory lung diseases (e.g., asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and severe allergies). d. Containment of the work area is not necessary. Dust suppression methods, such as misting (not soaking) surfaces prior to remediation, are recommended. e. Contaminated materials that cannot be cleaned should be removed from the building in a sealed plastic bag. There are no special requirements for the disposal of moldy materials. f. The work area and areas used by remedial workers for egress should be cleaned with a damp cloth and/or mop and a detergent solution.

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g. All areas should be left to dry and visibly free from contamination and debris.

Level II: Mid-Sized Isolated Areas

(10 – 30 ft2 ) – e.g., individual wallboard panels a. Remediation can be conducted by regular building maintenance staff. Such persons should receive training on proper clean up methods, personal protection, and potential health hazards. This training can be performed as part of a program to comply with the requirements of the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). b. Respiratory protection (e.g., N–95 disposable respirator), in accordance with the OSHA respiratory protection standard (29 CFR 1910.134), is recommended. Gloves and eye protection should be worn. c. The work area should be unoccupied. Vacating people from spaces adjacent to the work area is not necessary but is recommended in the presence of infants (less than 12 months old), persons recovering from recent surgery, immune suppressed people, or people with chronic inflammatory lung diseases (e.g., asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and severe allergies). d. The work area should be covered with a plastic sheet(s) and sealed with tape before remediation, to contain dust/debris. e. Dust suppression methods, such as misting (not soaking) surfaces prior to remediation, are recommended. f. Contaminated materials that cannot be cleaned should be removed from the building in sealed plastic bags. There are no special requirements for the disposal of moldy materials. g. The work area and areas used by remedial workers for egress should be HEPA vacuumed (a vacuum equipped with High-Efficiency Particulate Air filter) and cleaned with a damp cloth and/or mop and a detergent solution. h. All areas should be left to dry and visibly free from contamination and debris. The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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Level III: Large Isolated Areas

(10 – 100 ft2 ) – e.g., several wallboard panels The following procedures at a minimum are recommended: a. Personnel trained in the handling of hazardous materials and equipped with respiratory protection, (e.g., N–95 disposable respirator), in accordance with the OSHA respiratory protection standard (29 CFR 1910.134), is recommended. Gloves and eye protection should be worn. b. The work area and areas directly adjacent should be covered with a plastic sheet(s) and taped before remediation, to contain dust/debris. c. Seal ventilation ducts/grills in the work area and the areas directly adjacent with plastic sheeting. d. The work area and areas directly adjacent should be unoccupied. Further vacating people of people from spaces near the work area is recommended in the presence of infants (less than 12 months old), persons having undergone recent surgery, immune suppressed people, or people with chronic inflammatory lung diseases (e.g., asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and severe allergies). e. Dust suppression methods, such as misting (not soaking) surfaces prior to remediation, are recommended. f. Contaminated materials that cannot be cleaned should be removed from the building in sealed plastic bags. There are no special requirements for the disposal of moldy materials. g. The work area and surrounding areas should be HEPA vacuumed and cleaned with a damp cloth and/or mop and a detergent solution. h. All areas should be left to dry and visibly free from contamination and debris. If abatement procedures are expected to generate a lot of dust (e.g., abrasive cleaning of contaminated surfaces, demolition of plaster walls) or the visible concentration of fungi is heavy (blanket coverage as opposed to patchy), then the remediation procedures for Level IV are followed.

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Level IV: Extensive Contamination

(greater than 100 contiguous ft2 in an area) A health and safety professional with experience performing microbial investigations should be consulted prior to remediation activities to provide oversight for the project. The following procedures are recommended: a. Personnel trained in the handling of hazardous materials equipped with: i. Full-face respirators with high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) cartridges. ii. Disposable protective clothing both head and shoes. iii. Gloves. b. Containment of the affected area: i. Complete isolation of work area from occupied spaces using plastic sheeting sealed with duct tape (including ventilation ducts/grills, fixtures, and any other openings). ii. The use of an exhaust fan with a HEPA filter to generate negative pressurization. iii. Airlocks and decontamination room. c. Vacating people from spaces adjacent to the work area is not necessary but is recommended in the presence of infants (less than 12 months old), persons having undergone recent surgery, immune suppressed people, or people with chronic inflammatory lung diseases (e.g., asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and severe allergies). d. Contaminated materials that cannot be cleaned should be removed from the building in sealed plastic bags. The outside of the bags should b e cleaned with a damp cloth and a detergent solution or HEPA vacuumed in the decontamination chamber prior to their transport to uncontaminated areas of the building. There are no special requirements for the disposal of moldy materials. e. The contained area and the decontamination room should be HEPA vacuumed and cleaned with a damp cloth and/or mop with a detergent solutions and be visibly clean prior to removal of isolation barriers.

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f. Air monitoring should be conducted prior to occupancy to determine if the area is fit to reoccupy.

Level V: Remediation of HVAC Systems

A Small Isolated Area of Contamination (<10 ft2) in the HVAC System a. Remediation can be conducted by regular building maintenance staff. Such persons should receive training on proper clean up methods, personal protection, and potential health hazards. This training can be performed as part of a program to comply with the requirements of the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). b. Respiratory protection (e.g., N–95 disposable respirator), in accordance with the OSHA respiratory protection standard (29 CFR 1910.134), is recommended. Gloves and eye protection should be worn. c. The HVAC system should be shut down prior to any remedial activities. d. The work area should be covered with a plastic sheet(s) and sealed with tape before remediation, to contain dust/debris. e. Dust suppression methods, such as misting (not soaking) surfaces prior to remediation, are recommended. f. Growth supporting materials that are contaminated, such as the paper on the insulation of interior lined ducts and filters, should be removed. Other contaminated materials that cannot be cleaned should be removed in sealed plastic bags. There are no special requirements for the disposal of moldy materials. g. The work area and surrounding areas should be HEPA vacuumed and cleaned with a damp cloth and/or mop and a detergent solution. h. All areas should be left dry & visibly free from contamination and debris. i. A variety of biocides are recommended by HVAC manufacturers for use with HVAC components, such as, cooling coils and condensation pans. HVAC manufacturers should be consulted for the products they recommend for use in their systems. TS:56

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Level V: Remediation of HVAC Systems

Areas of Contamination (>10 ft2) in the HVAC System A health and safety professional with experience performing microbial investigations should be consulted prior to remediation activities to provide oversight for remediation projects involving more than a small isolated area in the HVAC system. The following procedures are recommended: a. Personnel trained in the handling of hazardous materials equipped with: i. Respiratory protection (e.g., N–95 disposable respirator), in accordance with the OSHA respiratory protection standard (29 CFR 1910.134), is recommended. ii. Gloves and eye protection. iii. Full-face respirators with HEPA cartridges and disposable protective clothing covering both head and shoes should be worn if contamination is greater than 30 ft2. b. The HVAC system should be shut down prior to any remedial activities. c. Containment of the affected area: i. Complete isolation of work area from occupied spaces using plastic sheeting sealed with duct tape. ii. The use of an exhaust fan with a HEPA filter to generate negative pressurization iii. Airlocks and decontamination room if contamination is greater than 30 ft2. d. Growth supporting materials that are contaminated, such as the paper on the insulation of interior lined ducts and filters, should be removed. Other contaminated materials that cannot be cleaned should be removed in sealed plastic bags. When a decontamination chamber is present, the outside of the bags should be cleaned with a damp cloth and a detergent solution or HEPA vacuumed prior to their transport to uncontaminated areas of the building. There are no special requirements for the disposal of moldy materials. e. The contained area and the decontamination room should be HEPA vacuumed and cleaned with a damp cloth and/or mop with a detergent solutions and be visibly clean prior to removal of isolation barriers. The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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f. All areas should be left dry an visibly free from contamination and debris. g. Air monitoring should be conducted prior to occupancy to determine if the area is fit to reoccupy. h. A variety of biocides are recommended by HVAC manufacturers for use with HVAC components, such as cooling coils and condensation pans. HVAC manufacturers should be consulted for the products they recommend for use in their systems.

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MICROBIAL REMEDIATION SPECIFICATIONS A quick note on code language. The word “shall” must be used instead of “should” to establish that the specified item is a requirement and not a recommendation. This section of the course material is only a guideline for writing specifications. Therefore, you will find the word “should” being used in many instances in this document. CONTRACTORS QUALIFICATIONS For the remediation, the prospective Contractors should submit their qualifications along with those for the supervisors, subcontractors, and consultants. Depending on the complexity of the project, the remediation contractor should have performed at least two microbial remediation projects similar in scope to the current project in the last three years. Some flexibility may be allowed, however, at a minimum, demonstrated proficiency in asbestos abatement or water loss restoration techniques should be required. USEFUL DEFINITIONS Following are some definitions which should be familiar to those working in the microbial remediation field: AFD – Air Filtration Device TS:58

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AIHA – American Industrial Hygiene Association Airlock – a system for permitting entry or exit without permitting air movement between a contaminated area and an uncontaminated area, typically consisting of two curtained doorways at least 3' apart. Air Monitoring – the process of measuring the bioaerosol content of a specified volume of air in a stated period of time. AHU – Air Handling Unit providing ventilation, heating, and air conditioning for the occupied spaces. Ambient Air – The surrounding air or temperature in a given area under normal conditions. Anderson 6 – a culture plate impactor used to collect bioaersols. ANSI – American National Standards Institute Approved Landfill – a site for the disposal of microbial-containing wastes and other hazards wastes that has been given EPA approval. Authorized Visitor – the Client or a representative of any regulatory or other agency having jurisdiction over the project. Ceiling Panels – lay in (in a metal suspension grid system) acoustical ceiling panels also commonly called ceiling tiles. Certified Industrial Hygienist (CIH) – an industrial hygienist who has been granted certification by the American Board of Industrial Hygiene. Clean Room – an uncontaminated area or room which is part of the worker decontamination enclosure system, with provisions for storage of workers’ street clothes and protective equipment. Client – owner, agency, or its agents, employees, or their authorized representative, including environmental consultants. Containing Barrier – polyethylene sheeting that completely seals off the work area to prevent the distribution of contaminated air to surrounding areas. The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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Contractor – remediation contractor providing demolition and removal services as defined in these specifications. Culturable Fungal Air Sample – an air sample containing culturable fungi. Results are typically reported in colony forming units per cubic meter of air (CFU/m3) with rank-order taxa of fungal groups. Curtained Doorway – a device to allow entry or exit from one room to another while permitting minimal air movement between the rooms, typically constructed by placing three overlapping sheets of 6 mil polyethylene sheeting over an exiting or temporarily framed doorway, securing each along the top of the doorway, securing the vertical edge of one sheet along one vertical side of the doorway, and securing the vertical edge of another sheet along the opposite vertical side of the doorway. Two curtained doorways spaced a minimum of 3 feet apart form an airlock. Decontamination Enclosure System – a series of connected rooms, with curtained doorways between any two adjacent rooms, for the decontamination of workers or of materials and equipment. A decontamination enclosure system always contains at least two airlocks. The decontamination system will have a clean room, shower room, and equipment room with airlocks between each room, and will be connected to the work area. [This definition is not necessarily current accepted practice.] Differential Pressure Containment System – a local exhaust system capable of maintaining a minimum differential of -0.02 inch of water column relative to adjacent non-work areas. The system requires one air change per 15 minutes in a given work area. [negative air system] EPA – Environmental Protection Agency Equipment Room – a contaminated area or [dirty] room which is part of the worker decontamination enclosure system, with provisions for storage of contaminated clothing and equipment. Facepiece – the portion of a respirator which covers the wearer’s nose, mouth, and eyes (in a full-face piece). FEV1 – (Forced Expiratory Volume – one second). The maximum volume of air that can be forced from an individual’s fully inflated lungs for one second.

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Fireproofing – spray or trowel-applied fire resistant materials. Fixed Object – a unit of equipment or furniture on the work area which cannot be removed from the work area. Full-face Respirator – a respirator which covers the wearer’s entire face from the hairline to below the chin (nose, mouth, and eyes). FVC – Forced Vital Capacity. The measured quantity of air that is forcibly exhaled from a person’s lungs after full inhalation. Glove Bag – a [6] mil plastic bag especially designed to contain sections of pipe for the purpose of removing short lengths of insulation material without releasing particulate matter into the air. Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter – a circuit breaker that is sensitive to very low levels of current leakage from a fault in an electrical system. HEPA – High Efficient Particulate Air HEPA Vacuum – high efficiency particulate air filtered vacuuming equipment with a filter system capable of collecting and retaining particulate matter. Filters are of 99.97% efficient at collecting particulate matter 0.3 microns or larger. HVAC – Heating, Ventilation, and Air conditioning System Industrial Hygienist (IH) – a professional qualified by education, training, and experience to recognize, evaluate, and develop controls for occupational health hazards. Isolation Barrier/Critical Barrier – Two layers of 6 mil polyethylene sheeting that completely seals off the work area to prevent the distribution of contaminated air to the surrounding area, such as the opening between the top of the wall and the underside of ceiling construction, electrical outlets, non-removable lights, HVAC systems, windows, doorways, entrance ways, ducts, grills. grates, diffusers, wall clocks, speaker grills, floor drains, sink drains, and etc. MCEF – Mixed Cellulose Ester Filter, or a membrane filter. One of several different types of media used to collect microbial samples. The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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Micron – one millionth of a meter (micrometer). MSDS – Material Safety Data Sheet Mycotoxins – a toxic metabolite produced by fungi. Negative Pressure – an atmosphere created in a work area enclosure such that airborne fibers will tend to be drawn through the filtration system rather than leak out into the surrounding areas. The air pressure inside the work area is less than that outside the work area. NIOSH – the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, which was established by the OSH Act fo 1970. It is the approving agency for testing and certifying respiratory protective equipment. Non-phylloplane Fungi – fungi that grows primarily on water damaged or damp finishing and construction materials. Occupied Spaces (areas) – spaces within the building of the Project Site used by visitors or employees. The phrase “occupied space” within these specifications refers to this type of use and not necessarily the status of the space’s occupancy/vacancy during remediation work. OSHA – Occupational Safety and Health Administration which was created by the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970; serves as the enforcement agency for safety and health in the work place environment. PEL – Permissible Exposure Limit, as established by OSHA Personnel Protection – notification and instruction of all workers prior to the beginning of a project as to the hazards associated with the job and what they can do to protect themselves from these hazards. PF – Protection Factor provided by a respirator. This is determined by dividing the airborne [particle] concentration outside the mask by the [particle] concentration inside the mask. Phyllopane Fungi – fungi that normally grows on the surfaces of vegetation (leaves, twigs, etc.). These fungi, therefore, normally dominate the spores found in the outdoor air and the air in non-water damaged and non-damp buildings. TS:62

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Powered Air Purifying Respirator (PAPR) – either a full-face, helmet, or hooded respirator that has the breathing air powered to the wearer after it has been purified through a filter. Project Site – location [building(s), structure(s)]of the remediation work Pulmonary Function Tests – a part of the medical examination required to determine the health status of a person’s lungs [for respirator use]. Respirator Program – a written program required by OSHA law and established by the employer which provides for the safe use of respirators on job sites. Seal (Fit) Checks – a method of testing a respirator’s face-to-face seal by alternately covering the inhalation valves (and breathing in) and the exhalation valve (and breathing out) to determine the presence of any leaks. Shower Room – a room between the clean room and the equipment [dirty] room in the worker decontamination enclosure system, with hot and cold running water and suitably arranged for complete showering during decontamination. The shower room is comprised of an airlock between the contaminated and clean areas. [Airlocks and shower room may not be present on all microbial decontamination enclosure systems currently in use.] Spirometer – an instrument which measures the volume of air being expired from the lungs. Spore Trap Fungal Air Sample – an air sampler that collects viable and non-viable fungal spores. Collected spores are identified by direct microscopic examination, with the total number of a particular type of fungal spore reported per unit volume of air collected. Subcontractors – person(s) or entity(s) who has a direct contract with the Remediation Contractor to perform a portion of the removal and demolition services or other work included in these specifications. The Remediation Contractor is responsible for the actions of the subcontractors on this project. TLV (Threshold Limit Values) – established by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Levels of various contaminants to which it is believed that workers can be exposed with minimal adverse health effects. The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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Treated Cellulose – an insulation material made of paper or wood products with fire-retarding treatment added. TWA (Time-Weighted Average) – set by OSHA and other agencies. Average of exposure levels used in air sampling which can range from 30 minutes to 8 hour exposures. Most TWAs are set for 8 hours duration unless otherwise noted, such as a 10 hour TWA. VAV – Variable Air Volume Wipe Testing – a method of testing surfaces using a sterile swab to determine microbial contamination. This testing is also referred to as swab surface sampling. Work Area – the contained area where removal operations are performed and which is isolated to prevent the spread of fungal spores, dust, debris, and entry by unauthorized personnel. SCOPE OF WORK The specifications should thoroughly discuss the removal and cleaning of specified microbial contaminated and water damaged materials. It is important to distinguish between which materials will be removed and disposed of and which will just be microbial cleaned. The sequence of work is critical for a successful remediation project. The following is an example of the sequence of the major events which should be performed by the Contractor during a microbial remediation project.

- Construct Decontamination Units. - Install Critical Isolation Barriers in the Work Area. - HEPA Vacuum All Carpets and Cover with 10 mil Reinforced Plastic. - Install Negative Air Systems. - Remove Moveable Objects From Work Area, HEPA Vacuum, and Clean Them.

- Plasticize Work Area. TS:64

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- Remove Microbial Contaminated and Water Damaged Materials - Clean All Surfaces in the Work Areas, Including HVAC Systems. APPLICABLE REGULATIONS The following are some regulations which may apply to the microbial remediation project:

- OSHA General Industry Standards 1910, particularly .134 and .146, and 1926.

- Applicable Federal, State, and Local Administrative Codes, Rules, and Statutes.

GENERAL CONDITIONS Temporary Power and Lighting Power should be taken from the building’s electrical service outside the containment work areas. Only licensed electricians complying with the National Electrical Code, OSHA regulations, UL, and state and local codes should be used. Provide ground fault circuit interrupter (GFI) protection for all temporary electrical service and lighting. Temporary lighting should consist of stand-alone fixtures connected to ground fault protected temporary electrical service in sufficient quantities, as determined to be satisfactory by the Environmental Consultant monitoring the project. Lighting should properly illuminate the entire work area(s) during the entire work shift. Temporary Water All connections to the building’s water system by the Contractor should be equipped with back flow protection as required by local codes. Operations and Storage Areas All operations of the Contractor (including storage of materials) should be confined to areas authorized or approved by the owner or Environmental Consultant. No unauthorized or unwarranted entry upon, passage through, or The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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storage or disposal of material should be made in any area not previously authorized or approved. The Contractor should be made liable for any and all damage caused in such areas. Building Permits and Codes The Contractor should comply with all Federal, State, and Local codes and requirements applicable to the remediation work. The Contractor should acquire and pay for all permits required by governmental authorities having jurisdictions at the location of the project. Project Schedule and Working Hours The Contractor should be available to work with ful size crews continuously from the beginning to the end of the project. The days and hours that work is allowed should be stated to the Contractor prior to bidding. Patent Fees and Royalties The Contractor should pay all license fees and royalties and assume all costs incidental to the use in the performance of the work of any invention, design, process, product, or device as specified for use in the performance of the work. SUBMITTALS After the project has been awarded to the Remediation Contractor, but prior to the start of work, certain documents should be submitted to the owner and/or Environmental Consultant. Following are some items which should be submitted prior to commencement of the project:

- Qualifications of Remediation Supervisor. - Qualifications of Any Sub-contractor(s), especially the HVAC Cleaning Contractor.

- Daily Log Forms. - List of Chemicals to be used on the projects, including MSDSs. - A Written Description and Sketch of the Security, Fire, and Emergency Exit Procedures and Plans.

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- Removed and Contaminated Material Packaging and Transporting Methods and Disposal Locations.

- A Copy of the Firm’s written respiratory Protection Program. - A Copy of the Firm’s Written Employee Training Program, including

Documentation Showing All the Employees Have Been Instructed on the following items:

O O O O O O

Use and Fit of Respirators; Protective Clothing; Entry and Exit from Work Areas; Aspects of the Work Procedures; Protective Measures; and Safety and Emergency Exit Procedures.

SPECIAL WORKER RISKS Since formal training and licensing is not standardized for remediation, it is important for personnel working on the project to understand the inherent risks. The exposure to or contact with massive concentrations of fungi presents a potential health risk for the Contractor’s supervisors and workers during microbial remediation. Risks include allergic respiratory disease (i.e. asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis) and infection for persons with preexisting chronic disease (i.e. those persons with compromised immune systems). The information required in this section is influenced by the type and quantities of contaminants present and the overall size of the remediation project. Record Keeping A Daily Project Log and a Visitor’s Log maintains a permanent record of the project. The Contractor should secure and maintain these logs and any other required documentation as part of the permanent project file. The Daily Project Log and the Visitor’s Log must be made available for inspection upon request by the owner or Environmental Consultant. A three-ring binder should be used daily to secure copies of routine inspection reports, disposal forms, and any other routine documents relating to project activities. Copies of the Daily Project Log, Visitor’s Log, landfill disposal receipts, required permits, and other project documentation should be The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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provided to the owner or Environmental Consultant at the end of each week. PERSONNEL PROTECTION Respiratory Protection All workers and supervisors must receive medical approval to wear a respirator per OSHA 29 CFR 1910 and 1926. The Contractor shall provide workers with personally issued and marked respiratory protection equipment approved by NIOSH. As a minimum, respiratory protection should consist of full-face dual cartridge negative air purifying respirators with HEPA filters and, if required, acid gas and/or organic vapor filters, and any other respiratory protective equipment necessary to prevent inhalation of aerosolized chemicals. Dust masks are not allowed. Protective Clothing The Contractor must provide workers with sufficient sets of protective disposable clothing consisting of full-body coveralls, head covers, gloves, and boots in sizes to properly fit individual workers. All workers should wear polyethylene coated Tyvek© suits with attached head and boot covers or the equivalent. Gloves may include latex surgical gloves covered by outer poly vinyl chloride (PVC) outer gloves. The Contractor should provide eye protection (i.e. full-face respirator, safety glasses, or goggles) and hard hats, as required by job conditions or by applicable safety regulations. Reusable equipment (i.e. footwear and hard hats) should be left in the enclosed contaminated work area until the end of the remedial work. At that time, such items must be decontaminated if they will be used again. The Contractor should post warning signs at all entrances or openings to the enclosed work areas. Warning signs may be in the form of continuous plastic tape. The warning signs should have black characters on a yellow background written in English and any other applicable language. An example follows:

WARNING – DO NOT ENTER Microbial Remediation Work in Progress

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EMERGENCY PLANNING AND PROCEDURES Emergency planning and procedures should be developed by the Contractor prior to remediation initiation. Emergency procedures must be in written form and prominently posted in the clean change area of the worker decontamination unit. Prior to entering the work area, everyone should read and sign these procedures to acknowledge receipt and understanding of microbial health effects, work sire layout, location of emergency exits, and emergency procedures. [ “read and sign” – effectiveness questionable] Emergency planning should include considerations of fire, explosion, toxic atmospheres, electrical hazards, slips, trips, falls, confined spaces, and heatrelated injury. Employees should be trained in evacuation procedures in the even of work place emergencies. Fire Protection In order to prevent floods caused by damaged sprinkler heads, the sprinkler system may have to be deactivated in the work area during certain phases of the remediation work. The Contractor should be responsible for notifying the local Fire Department to determine compliance with local fire safety codes. The Contractor should protect all sprinkler heads with protective baskets. Direct the Contractor to damp wipe sprinkler heads during cleanup and after demolition work. Do not vacuum. SAFETY The Contractor should designate a responsible member [competent person?] of his/her organization, on the work site, whose duty should be the prevention of accidents. In the absence of notice to the contrary, this person should be the work supervisor. [effectiveness questionable] The Contractor should be responsible for setting the size of the work crews; however, during remediation operations a minimum of two (2) workers should be in the work area. Workers should not be allowed to work alone. Ladders and Scaffolding All ladders and scaffolding should meet OSHA standards and comply with local building codes. Rolling scaffolding and/or electric power lifts should be made available for us by the Environmental Consultant during post The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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remediation inspections and testing. DECONTAMINATION UNITS Materials used to construct the decontamination units should be 2x3 lumber, minimum, and ½” plywood sheathing (in secure buildings, reinforced sheeting in lieu of solid sheathing may be allowed at the discretion of the Environmental Consultant). The walls should be covered with one layer of 6 mil polyethylene. The floors should be covered with two layers of reinforced 6 mil polyethylene. Decontamination units which are exposed to the outside weather should be externally waterproofed. [There are other ways to build a decon.] Worker Decontamination Unit The worker decontamination unit should consist of three chambers in series separated from each other and the contiguous work area by triple flap (threecurtained) doorways of opaque 6 mil polyethylene sheeting. Airlocks, at least 3' wide (minimum 9 ft2 floor area) and with triple-flap doorways should separate the chambers from each other and the work area. All plastic flaps should have weights placed on the bottom of the plastic to keep the [door flaps] closed. The three chambers (rooms) should be as follows: Clean Room. This chamber should be sized to accommodate all authorized persons. Benches, lockers, and hooks should be provided for street clothes. Shelves for storing respirators should be provided. Clean clothing, replacement filters, towels, and other necessary items should be provided. The clean room should not be used for the storage of tools, equipment, or materials. An outside door with lock should be provided. Shower Room. The shower room should contain one or more showers. Each shower head should provide adjustable amounts of hot and cold water. Liquid soap and shampoo should be available at all times. Equipment (Dirty) Room. This chamber should be used for the storage of equipment and tools after decontamination of such equipment and tools using a HEPA filtered vacuum. A drum lined with at least 6 mil polyethylene, and labeled, should be located in TS:70

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the equipment room to collect discarded protective clothing. The airlocks, shower, equipment room, and clean room should be high enough to easily accommodate entry and exit of workers and materials. Waste Decontamination Unit An individual waste decontamination unit should consist of two chambers in series separated from each other and the contiguous work area by triple-flap (three-curtained) doorways of opaque 6 mil polyethylene sheeting. Airlocks, at least three feet wide (minimum 9 ft2 of floor area) with triple-flap doorways should separate the chambers from each other and the work area. All plastic flaps should have weights placed on the bottom of the plastic to keep the door flaps closed. The two chambers (rooms) should be as follows: Holding Room. This chamber should be a minimum of 20 ft2. An outside door with lock should be provided. Waste Wash Room. The waste wash room should have a drain which collects the wash water and filter the water as described for the shower room. A common filtering system can be used for the shower and the waste wash drain. The airlocks, shower, equipment room, and clean room should be high enough to easily accommodate entry and exit of workers and materials. PREPARATION OF WORK AREA Moveable Objects Prior to beginning remediation, all furnishings and moveable objects must be removed from the work areas by the Contractor. Prior to removal from the site, the moveable objects should be cleaned (HEPA vacuum and damp wipe with bleach) by the Contractor. The materials may be stored inside the building in a secure and clean area. The storage area should remain sealed with two layers of 6 mil polyethylene sheeting, secured by waterproof tape and industrial staples where applicable, throughout the remediation. Electrical and HVAC Systems The Remediation Contractor should shut down and lock-out (where possible) The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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all electrical power and/or ventilation systems in each work area prior to constructing enclosures. This includes HVAC components that are in, supply, or pass through the work area. Isolation (Critical Barriers) The Contractor must completely isolate the work area for the duration of the project by sealing off all walls and openings in the work area including, but not limited to, HVAC supply, return, and exhaust air ducts, diffusers and grilles, return air plenums, doorways, corridors, electrical outlets, and windows with two layers of 6 mil polyethylene sheeting held securely in place. Critical isolation barriers forming the perimeter of the containment work area should extend from floor slab to as close as possible to the ceiling or deck above. All gaps between critical barriers and existing structure and all penetrations of duct work, piping, and conduit through critical barriers should be sealed with two layers of 6 mil fire resistant polyethylene sheeting. Openings greater than 32 ft2 should be framed with 2x4 studs spaced 16" on center. Two layers of 6 mil polythene sheeting should be secured to existing structures or installed isolation framing using dust tape (2" minimum width), industrial staples (not on finished surfaces), spray adhesives, or any combination to insure the integrity of the isolation barrier for the duration of the work. Additional supports in the form of plywood panels, 2x4 wood studs, or PVC piping should be used as necessary. The Contractor should clean (HEPA vacuum and damp wipe with bleach) all surfaces where containment isolation barriers will be installed. All polyethylene sheeting and construction materials should be labeled as fire resistant or have a statement of certification by the manufacturer. In addition to the isolation barriers, floors, and wall surfaces which are not to be removed as microbial waste should be sealed with a minimum of two layers of 6 mil polyethylene sheeting. The plastic layers on the floor should extend 12" and 18" up the walls. The wall layers should extend down to the floor level, thus overlapping the floor polyethylene by 12". There should be at least 12" overlaps between adjacent layers at the seams. The floor should be plasticized first with one layer of plastic. The wall should then be plasticized from the ceiling down to the floor. This process should be repeated for the second layers. All seams between layers should be staggered.

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Tent Procedures At times, localized remediation may be performed using tent procedures. These procedures may also be required within a fully contained area for removing materials which are considered to be significantly microbially contaminated and for which the release of spores cannot be controlled. The tents should be fully framed (including horizontally across the top, if applicable) with 2x3 (minimum ) wood or metal studs spaced not more than 48" center-to-center. The tents should be lined with 2 layers of polyethylene sheeting (6 mil at a minimum). Decontamination units that are attached should comprise at least a shower room and an airlock, with one curtained doorway separating them and a second curtained doorway separating the tent from the shower room. If a remote decontamination unit is utilized, an airlock having at least 3' length between the two curtained doorways should be constructed at the entrance to each tent. When attached decontamination units are not utilized, workers in tents should wear 2 protective disposable suits, including gloves, hood, and footwear and appropriate respiratory equipment. All street clothes should be stored in the clean room at the work site. The double layer of PPE should be used throughout the removal process inside the tent. Prior to exiting the tent work area, the outer suit should be removed. A second clean suit should be put on inside the airlock. The workers should then proceed directly to the decontamination units. Negative air should be utilized to achieve a minimum of 4 air changes per hour inside the tent. Stand alone tents should not be dismantled until the visual inspection and successful clearance testing is achieved. Where the tent is located within a larger contained work area, tents should not be dismantled until a visual inspection is performed by the Environmental Consultant and a minimum of 10 full air changes have occurred inside the tent after final clearance cleaning has been completed. Negative Pressure System The Contractor should furnish and install immediately outside each full containment area, as directed by the Environmental Consultant, at least one The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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inclined manometer. The Contractor should install plastic tubing into the work area from each manometer as directed by the Environmental Consultant. The Contractor should install and use air filtration devices (AFDs) with HEPA filters as a part of the exhaust ventilation system to develop 4 air exchanges per hour and maintain a negative air pressure differential of 0.02 inches of water inside the work area relative to areas outside the containment before remedial operations begin. If windows or doors must be removed to access exhaust discharge openings, the Contractor should perform the removal and replacement of such items. Exhaust discharge openings should be cut into plywood. Openings used for discharge of exhaust air should be sealed with duct tap and plywood fitted tightly to the opening. This air pressure differential should be maintained until it has been determined that the work area has passed clearance inspections and testing, or as otherwise directed by the Environmental Consultant. The required air exchanges are based on actual measured flow rates and not on manufacturer’s nameplate rating Typically the actual flow is 50% to 60% of the manufacturer’s rated value. INITIAL INSPECTION OF PREPARED WORK AREA BY CONSULTANT After site preparation is completed, but before microbial remediation begins, the Contractor should notify the Environmental Consultant and request a visual inspection of the work area. The Contractor should demonstrate that the work area has been prepared in accordance with the specifications. Remediation work should not be allowed to commence until the Environmental Consultant provides written consent to the Contractor to begin. MATERIAL REMOVAL AND BAGGING PROCEDURES Spray-on fireproofing If, in the opinion of the of the Environmental Consultant, excessive dust is being generated during removal, the Contractor may be allowed to wet mist the fireproofing. Excessive amounts of liquid should not be tolerated.

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Continuous cleaning of the floor should be performed during the removal to minimize excessive debris on the floor. Fireproofing should be bagged as close to the ceiling as possible and not allowed to drop to the floor. Place removed fireproofing in 6 mil polyethylene bags. Carpeting The carpet should be thoroughly HEPA vacuumed prior to removal. The carpet should be manually cut into small sections which can be placed in 6 mil polyethylene bags. Any remnants or debris should also be placed in 6 mil polyethylene bags. Gypsum Wall Board and Plaster These materials, including attached moldings, should be taken down in large pieces to reduce the amount of spores released during demolition. Manageable sections of contaminated material should be removed using manual methods. The materials should be wrapped in two layers of 6 mil polyethylene bags. Cabinets and Casework Cabinets and casework should be dismantled in large pieces to reduce the amount of spores released during demolition. Manageable sections should be wrapped in two layers of 6 mil polyethylene sheeting and securely taped to form an air-tight seal. Debris and small pieces should be placed in 6 mil polyethylene bags. Air Ducts Remove mechanical fastener and remove whole sections of ducts. Wrap components in two layers of 6 mil polyethylene sheeting and securely taped to form an air-tight seal. Debris and small pieces should be placed in 6 mil polyethylene bags. Vinyl Composition Flooring and Linoleum Flooring should be manually cut into small sections which can be placed in 6 mil polyethylene bags. Any remnants or debris should be placed in 6 mil The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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polyethylene bags. Fan Coil Units and Small HVAC Units Units should be removed in tact to reduce the amount of spores released during demolition. The units should be wrapped in two layers of 6 mil polyethylene sheeting and securely taped to form an air-tight seal. Any debris and small pieces should be placed in 6 mil polyethylene bags. DUCT/AIR HANDLING UNIT CLEANING The Contractor performing the cleaning work should have a National Air Duct Cleaners Association (NADCA) certified Air Systems Cleaning Specialist on staff. Certification documentation should be supplied with the bid. The Contractor should perform cleaning of the scheduled air conveyance systems in such a manner that the levels of cleanliness within the systems should be acceptable as per guidelines of NADCA Standard 1992-1, which requires the removal of all visible contaminants. TAP WATER AND APPLICATION Limited use of tap water for removal of dust is allowed if relative humidity in the work areas and adjacent areas is below 60%. Surfaces to be cleaned should be damp wiped but not soaked. The Environmental Consultant and Contractor should daily monitor the relative humidity in the work areas. Tap water or limited amounts of biocide should be applied with hand-powered 1-gallon liquid sprayers on selected non-porous materials and surfaces, as directed by the Environmental Consultant. Remove residual tap water or biocide with wet/dry HEPA-filtered vacuum and/or dry mop. If mops are used, replace mop head(s) daily or before starting work in another area. Surfaces should not be left wet after using the tap water or biocide. POST REMOVAL CLEANING All disposable supplies used during clean up should be disposed of as contaminated waste. The work area should be cleaned, starting at the ceilings and working down to the floors, by HEPA vacuuming followed by wiping with TS:76

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bleach. Polyethylene Barrier Cleaning and Removal Clean all work area polyethylene barrier sheeting with a HEPA vacuum prior to removal. If use of bleach is allowed, damp wipe all polyethylene sheeting prior to removal using a spray bottle and a damp cloth. Change cloth frequently to minimize re-depositing contaminants on the sheeting. The first layer of polyethylene sheeting should be HEPA vacuumed and damp wiped as specified above prior to removal. Removal of this layer should only occur after removal and decontamination activities are complete and the work area passes visual inspection by the Environmental Consultant. A minimum of twelve hours after all the first layer of polyethylene sheeting has been removed, the second layer of polyethylene sheeting should be HEPA vacuumed and damp wiped as specified above prior to removal. Removal of this second layer should occur after the work area passes a second visual inspection by the Environmental Consultant. FINAL CLEARANCE SAMPLING AND INSPECTIONS After post removal clean up, and if a high degree of cleanliness has been achieved, the Environmental Consultant should perform an inspection of the work area. If during this inspection any visible dust, debris, or microbial contamination is observed, the Contractor should thoroughly re-clean the work area(s). Clearance Sampling After all non-essential polyethylene sheeting and all visible accumulations of material and debris are removed, the Contractor should notify the owner or Environmental Consultant for a final clearance visual inspection. The Contractor and owner or Environmental Consultant should conduct a thorough visual inspection of the work area(s). If, during this inspection, any visible dust or debris is observed, the Contractor should re-clean the work area(s). A visual inspection must be performed prior to any sampling, and sampling would only proceed after the work area(s) passes a visual inspection(s). A visual inspection will only be acceptable wit the following: no sign of fungal The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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growth on all surfaces and no visible dust on surfaces. The Environmental Consultant should conduct the final clearance sampling utilizing air and wipe surface sampling methods. The sampling for fungi will follow protocols established by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) and the American Industrial Hygienists Association (AIHA). Spore trap air sampler(s) used in collecting both viable and non-viable fungi spores may also be used as part of the clearance sampling. The decision to declare a work area has passed the clearance test should be based on four parameters: visual inspection; results of screening spore trap air sampling (if applicable); results of culturable air sampling; and results of culturable surface (swab) sampling. Airborne fungal types found in the work area samples from inside the containment area should be qualitatively similar to that of outdoor air, i.e., the kinds of fungi found indoors in the work area(s) should be familiar in kind to those found outdoors. For example, specific indicator fungi (e.g., Aspergillus versicolor or Stachybotrys chartarum) found indoors but not outdoors would not be acceptable. Also, clearance level concentrations are not to exceed the presence of specific indicator fungi above background outdoor air concentration levels. The presence of specific indicator fungi that exceeds this level requires re-cleaning and re-testing for that work area. If surface (swab) wipe samples collected in the work area(s) show that specific indicator fungi is present, the Contractor should re-clean the area. BARRIER REMOVAL AND FINAL CLEAN UP Upon completion of the project, and after the Environmental Consultant provides notification that final tests are acceptable and approves the work area(s), all containments can be removed. All surfaces behind the containment barriers, including walls, floors, windows, doors, and other surfaces should be HEPA vacuumed. The Contractor should also HEPA vacuum all surfaces in adjacent interior spaces within 10' of the former location of containment barriers. All carpeting in the building (if applicable) should be HEPA vacuumed after all barriers are removed. RE-ESTABLISHMENT OF OBJECTS AND SYSTEMS If the contract requires, the Contractor should relocate objects moved to TS:78

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temporary locations in the course of the work to their proper positions. Only clean objects are to be moved into the areas. Re-mount objects removed in the course of work in their former positions. Repair any moveable or fixed objects damaged during the course of the work. Re-install any ceiling grid or light fixtures to proper working order. BAGGING AND DISPOSAL OF CONTAMINATED MATERIALS As waste is removed, it should be promptly placed into a disposal container. Disposal containers, at a minimum, should consist of either wrapping 6 mil polyethylene sheeting around manageable sections of gypsum board and other bulk building materials not suitable for bagging, or double-bagging using 6 mil polyethylene bags. Bags and sheeting should be taped to form an air-tight seal and labeled appropriately. Two layers of wrapping or double bagging should be used. DECONTAMINATION AND STORAGE OF WASTE All waste materials should be promptly removed from the building interior and stored in a secure dumpster on the project site before disposal. The dumpster’s lid should have locks that are secured at all times, except when the Contractor is actively transferring waste material to the dumpster. Bags containing fungi contaminated materials should be kept in a locked and secure area until they are finally disposed. Bags should not be stored on site over a period of 8 hours. Waste bags should not be brought through public areas, unless prior arrangements have been made. If rough surfaces or other materials are present in the load which will potentially puncture the permanent containers, then those containers should be enclosed in temporary fiber or steel drums during loading, transport, and hauling operations. The Contractor should dispose of the materials as required by EPA, State, and Local authorities. the requirements of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) should be complied with as well as applicable solid waste plan requirements. During the actual remediation, the Contractor should not leave debris on the yard or property, incinerate debris, dump waste by the road or in an unauthorized dumpster, or introduce leadcontaining water into storm or sanitary systems.

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DISPOSAL Microbial waste can normally be disposed of as solid waste and is not classified as hazardous waste. This subsection of Guidelines applies if hazardous waste is generated. If the Contractor is not a certified hazardous waste transporter, a contract should be entered into with a certified transporter to move the waste. The Contractor should require the hazardous waste transporter to follow RCRA regulations. [Question: If hazardous waste has been generated, have the workers been properly trained and protected and the site handled properly per 1910.120 or 1926.65?] Transportation of Waste All material transport activities must meet DOT, State, and Local regulations, as applicable. The Contractor should have the responsibility to determine current material handling, transporting, and disposal regulations governing the work site. Packed and sealed bags are to be properly labeled and delivered to a predesignated disposal site for burial. Labels and all necessary placards are to be in accordance with OSHA and DOT regulations. Disposal of Waste The Contractor will dispose of all waste through a private carrier and will not dispose of bags through the building’s waste disposal hauler. Microbial contaminated waste is usually not classified as hazardous waste. This subsection of Guidelines applies if hazardous waste is generated. Bags containing contaminated materials must be disposed of in a landfill authorized to receive construction debris. Bags must not be opened and must be buried in the landfill. Bags should not be delivered to a waste recycling facility where unauthorized opening of bags could occur. The Contractor should dispose of the materials as required by EPA, State, and Local authorities. the requirements of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) should be complied with as well as applicable solid waste plan requirements. During the actual remediation, the Contractor should not leave debris on the yard or property, incinerate debris, dump waste by the road or in an unauthorized dumpster, or introduce contaminated water into storm or sanitary systems.

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The Contractor should ensure that all waste is transported in covered vehicles to the disposal site. DISPOSAL RECORDS The Contractor should fully document the actual disposal of each load of material delivered to the designated landfill, including the volume (yd3) and weight (pounds) of each load. The Contractor should maintain documentation evidencing that all required permits, site locations, and arrangements for transport and disposal of contaminated materials, supplies, and the like have been obtained. Microbial contaminated waste is usually not classified as hazardous waste and can be disposed of in a solid waste landfill. The Contractor should obtain receipts from the landfill operator(s) which acknowledge the Contractor’s delivery of waste material. All receipts should be signed by the landfill operator or his or her authorized representative. Submit copies of all transport manifests, trip tickets, and disposal receipts for all microbial waste materials removed from the work area during the remediation process. The waste manifest must be filled out before actual transport. The form must show the amount of microbial contaminated waste to be transported. The waste disposal site operator must provide a counter signature. A copy of the completed form should be sent to the Environmental Consultant.

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This document is referenced on page 76 of this chapter.

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MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION REMEDIATION SPECIFICATIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1.

GENERAL CONDITIONS ....................................................................................

3

PART 2.

SCOPE OF WORK .................................................................................................

4

PART 3.

CLEANING OUTSIDE OF CONTAINED WORK AREA ................................

5

PART 4.

HEATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM ............................................

5

PART 5.

OCCUPANCY OF BUILDING .............................................................................

6

PART 6.

CONTRACTOR SUBMITTALS ...........................................................................

6

PART 7.

CONTRACTOR REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................

6

PART 8

CONTRACTOR RECORD KEEPING ................................................................

7

PART 9.

CONTRACTOR RESPONSIBILITIES ...............................................................

7

PART 10.

CONTRACTOR WARRANTY ..............................................................................

8

PART 11.

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT .......................................................

8

PART 12.

ENTRY/EXIT AND DECONTAMINATION UNITS .........................................

9

PART 13.

PREPARATION OF WORK AREA .....................................................................

9

PART 14.

MOVEABLE OBJECTS AND CONTENTS INSIDE THE WORK AREA .....

11

PART 15.

CLEANING MOVEABLE OBJECTS, CONTENTS, & PERSONAL ITEMS

11

PART 16.

TEMPORARY SERVICES AND CONSTRUCTION ........................................

12

PART 17.

INITIAL INSPECTION OF PREPARED WORK AREA BY CONSULTANT .......................................................................................................

14

PART 18.

MATERIAL REMOVAL PROCEDURES ...........................................................

14

PART 19.

HOUSEKEEPING DURING REMEDIATION ..................................................

14

PART 20.

WORK PRACTICES ..............................................................................................

15

PART 21

LOSS OF NEGATIVE AIR PRESSURE IN WORK AREA .............................

16

PART 22

POST-REMOVAL CLEANING ............................................................................

16

PART 23

FINAL INSPECTION AND CLEARANCE SAMPLING .................................

16

PART 24

REMOVAL OF BARRIERS AND FINAL CLEANUP ......................................

17

PART 25

MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT .......................................................................

18

PART 26

DEFINITIONS ........................................................................................................

19

PART 27

INDEPENDENT TESTING LABORATORY .....................................................

21

PART 28

INSPECTION OF PROJECT BY CONSULTANT ...........................................

21

PART 29

INSPECTION OF WORK BY CONTRACTOR ..................................................

21

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Asbestos Portable PVC Hands-on Structures ........................................

2

Decon ...................................................................................................

3

Glove Bag Stand (6-7 stations) ..........................................................

11

Respirator Drying Rack .....................................................................

13

Cost & Assembly Times .....................................................................

15

Permanent Training Site Hands-on Structures ....................................

18

Benches and Wash Tables .................................................................

18

Plasticizing Cubicles ..........................................................................

19

Respirator Drying Rack .....................................................................

20

Checklist of Administrative Activities ...................................................

21

Materials to be Provided by CPWR ........................................................

22

Materials to be Provided by the Training Center ..................................

23

SIGN IN/SIGN OUT Sheet x 4 ...............................................................

24

CPWR TRAINING REGISTRATION FORM ........................................

25

CPWR Trainee Course Evaluation Form ...............................................

27

CPWR Checklist ......................................................................................

28

Asbestos Worker Examination ...............................................................

29

CPWR General Purpose Answer Sheet ..................................................

40

Asbestos Worker Examination GPAS Key .............................................

41

Asbestos Worker Examination Key ........................................................

42

Asbestos Worker Course Review ............................................................

53

Checklist for Asbestos: Worker Hands-on Learning .............................

57

Expendables & Equipment List Pricing ................................................

64

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Asbestos Portable PVC Hands-on Structures The structures detailed in this first part of the chapter have been developed to assist CPWR trainers with the decon, glove bagging, and respirator hands-on activities for the Asbestos Worker courses. Many training sites have neither the resources (staff, time, and material) to construct these hands-on learning aids nor the space to store them between classes. Each set of CPWR Asbestos training boxes contains several PVC structures to facilitate hands-on learning.

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Portable PVC Decon Parts List* (1)----4'-6" PVC Pipe (2)----4'-1 1/4" PVC Pipe (3)----3'-8½” PVC Pipe (4)----3'-0" PVC Pipe with T (5)----3'-0" PVC Pipe with Double T (6)----3'-0" PVC Pipe (7)----2'-7 1/4" PVC Pipe (8)----T with 900 Left (9)----T with 900 Right (10)---2 T’s at 900 left (11)---2 T’s at 900 right

16 6 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total

*All PVC parts for the decon and glovebag stand are 1½" Schedule 40. Measurements may vary because of differences in the design of fittings from various manufacturers.

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Portable PVC Decon Directions for Assembly 1. Sort pieces for size and configuration. 2. Selecting pipes & fittings for the base. O Parts needed: 6 #1 pipe; 2 #2 pipe; 2 #3 pipe; and 2 each- #8, #9, #10, & #11 marked “B” fittings. Note: Not all rooms are the same size. Equipment room is larger. Shower room is smallest. 3. Connect corresponding pipes & fittings at places shown. All 900s at ends attach to base cross members. Note: Connect all horizontal “T” fittings (10) & (11) with horizontal “T” fittings towards clean room. 4. Connect 4 # (4) pipe/ fittings in upright “T”s in outside corners. 5. Connect 4 # (5) pipes/fittings in upright “T”s in corners of shower room. Top “T”s should face each other across length of shower. ADMIN:4

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6. Install mid-line connecting pipes on each side. Note: Pipe sizes in shower and clean room differ from bottom. 8. Connect 4 # (6) pipes on corners.

9. Install 4 # (7 ) pieces on center uprights.

10. Assemble top as mirror image of bottom.

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Portable PVC Decon Plan View a (8)

a (10)

(1)8

a (10)

(3)8

(2)8

_ (9)

(1) 7

(1) 7

7 (1)

(1) 6

(9) b

(11) b (3)9 Shower

(11) b

(8) `

(1)9 Equipment

(2)9 Clean

Side View (1) 8

(3)

6

(4)

7

(7) (3) 9

(6) (1) 9

Equipment

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9

(7)

(2) 8

6

(1) 9

6

(6) (3)

9

Shower

6

(4)

6

6

(5)

7

(2)

8

(5) (2) 9

Clean

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Portable PVC Decon Directions for Plasticizing 1. From a 20' roll of poly, cut 1 piece of poly 24' x 20' and place decon frame on poly*. Frame should be apr. 32" from ends (20') and 4' from side (24') of poly. See Step 7 for Frustration Reduction Tip. 2. From a 12' roll of poly, cut 1 piece of poly 7' x 12'.

3. From this piece, cut 2 pieces 7' wide x 6' in length. 4. Tape one piece of 7' x 6' poly along 6' edge of poly to bottom cross piece between equipment room and shower room, trimming as necessary around fittings. *Poly = Visqueen® = plastic The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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Loop the other end of the poly over top cross piece and tape to top cross piece. Notch sides of poly to fit around mid-line connecting pipes as needed and secure with tape to verticals. Cut inverted “T” doorway in the secured piece of poly and reinforce edges with duct tape.

Repeat steps from above for doorway between shower room and clean room. (This will make single layer doorway. If more is preferred, then double the number of pieces cut.) ADMIN:8

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5. From a 12' roll of poly, cut 1 piece of poly 6'8" x 12'. 6. From this piece of poly, cut 3 pieces 4'-0 “ x 6'8" in length. These will be the door flaps. Reinforce edges with tape and attach 1 piece each to each of the doorways between the equipment room, shower room, and the shower room/clean room. Secure 1 piece to outside of top cross member at clean room. (This will make single layer flap.) 7. Set assembly squarely on the poly. Wrap large side of 20" x 24' piece of poly around assembly and tab to uprights. Bring 4' side up and attach to poly with spray glue and tape inside and out. (Spray glue gases will become intense inside decon rooms.) Seal between doors and sides with tape. Frustration Reduction Tip: floor poly may develop a strong static charge that attracts dust. Postponing Step 1 until now may result in easier taping.

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8. Fold ends around and secure with tape to form end doors.

9. Pictured below is the entrance to the completed decon’s clean room with the door flap on the inside of the split door flaps. For the door flap at the end of the decon’s equipment room, cut another piece of poly 4' x 6'-8", reinforce edges, and tape to the top outside cross piece of the equipment room. When the NAM is on, all four door flaps will be pulled toward the work area by the air current (make-up air) created by the NAM. ADMIN:10

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Portable PVC Glove Bag Stand Parts List : 6 - 7 Stations STAND A = 4'-6" x 1½” PVC Pipe B = 4'-6" x 1½” PVC Pipe C = 4'-0" x 1½” PVC Pipe 1½” PVC Elbow 1½” PVC “T” 2" - 1½” PVC Pipe connectors

4 Total 3 Total 6 Total 4 Total 8 Total 6 Approx.

BASES 2" x 4" x 15" 2½” screws for assembly 12" x 12" x ½” Plywood

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24 Total 6 Total

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Portable PVC 6-7 Station Glove Bag Stand TOP VIEW B A

A

B

A

A

B

±

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BASES

Side View

Top View

###

Portable PVC Respirator Drying Rack Parts List* 4' x 6" x 1 PVC Pipe 2' x 7" x 1 PVC Pipe PVC “T” PVC Elbow 2" x 1" (approx.) PVC Pipe Connectors 30" x 1" PVC Pipe 5" x 1" PVC Pipe 1" PVC Pipe (to achieve 5" centers)

8 2 20 4 8 4 4 10

Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total

± ______________________ *All PVC parts for the drying rack are 1" Schedule 40. Measurements may vary because of differences in the design of fittings from various manufacturers.

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TOP VIEW

Leg Assembly (2 pr.)

5"

40" 4' 6"

2 Ts at 90 0 Left

2 Ts 90 0 Rt.

Manifold (Rack) Side View L

R

###

PVC Respirator Drying Rack Directions for Assembly 1. Sort legs (4), manifolds (2), and pipes (10; [8 & 2]). 2. Install (1) 4'-6" pipe in the top “T” fittings to join 1 pair of legs, making an “H”. Repeat for other pair of legs. 3. Install (2) 2'-7" pipes in the bottom “T” fittings of legs to join the pairs made in Step 2 into a rectangle. 4. Install (1) manifold on top of each pair of legs. 5. Install (6) 4'-6" pipes between “T”s of manifolds. NOTE: Do not force pipe ends tightly into manifold until all are pipes are installed. ±

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Z Cost & Assembly Times @ Provided on the next few pages is an approximate cost list for each portable PVC structure. Keep in mind that costs vary between locales and suppliers. Also estimated are the maximum cuts per 10' lengths of PVC pipe. Glue and cleaner are needed for each project except for the Glove Bag Stand Bases. If you plan to build more than one project, you may want to rework the cuts to minimize the materials needed to be purchased. An approximate assembly time is included.

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PVC Decon Assembly (Decon is made from 1½" Schedule 40 PVC) 10' Length 8 lengths 3 lengths 2 lengths 1 length 4 lengths 180'of pipe, total

Pipes to be cut 16--- 4'-6" 6----4'-1 1/4 1----3'-8½” and 2----2'-7 1/4" per length 2----3'-8½” 12----3"-0"

Left Over 12" each 21½” each 9" each 2'-7" 12" each

From the left over cut-offs, cut 20 connectors to join fittings together. Fittings 8--1½” 90 / 36–1½” “T”s Cost: $120.00 Assembly Time: 2 Hours

###

PVC Glove Bag Stand (Stand is made from 1½" Schedule 40 PVC) 10' Length 2 lengths 2 lengths 3 lengths 70' of pipe, total

Pipes to be cut 4------4'-6" 3------4'-6" 6------4'-0"

Left over 12" each 12" + 5'-6" 24" each

From left over cut-offs, cut 6 connectors to join fittings together. Fittings 4---1½” 90 / 8---1½” “T”s Cost: $35.00 Assembly Time: 45 Min. Note: Parts List for the stand is for a 6-7 station stand. For a 4 station stand, eliminate 3 pieces 4'-6", 2 pieces 4'-0", and 4 “T”s. ADMIN:16

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Glove Bag Stand Bases Materials 4---2"x4"x8' ½” plywood

Pieces to be Cut 24--2"x4"x16" 6--12"x12"x1/2"

100---2½” screws for fastening pieces together Cost: $25.00

Assembly Time: 1½ Hr.

###

PVC Respirator Drying Rack (Drying rack is made from 1" Schedule 40 PVC)

10' length 4 lengths 1 length 1 length

_____________ 60' of pipe, total

Pipes to be cut 8----4'-6" 4----2'-6" 2----2'-7" 4----0'-5" 10----Cut to length to achieve for “T”s on manifold 8—connectors to join fittings

Left over 12" each 0

5" center

Fittings 4—-1" 90 / 20–-1" “T”s Cost: $30.00

Assembly Time: 1½ Hours

###

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Permanent Training Site Hands-on Structures During hands-on training, students need a place to sit while changing from street clothes to PPE and back again. They need two wash tables, one for gloves and the other for respirators. They will need a cubicle to practice plasticizing critical barriers, floors, and walls.

Hands-On Structures: Lumber & Plywood 2 Benches and 2 Wash Tables (Diagrams 1 & 2) TABLES 5

2" x 4" x 8'

BENCHES 2

2" x 12" x 10' (seats and uprights)

Scrap from ½” Plywood for top

3

2" x 4" x 12" (seat support & balance)

2 lbs 12d nails

These tables and benches work better than class tables and chairs.

2 lbs 6d nails

DIAGRAM 1 FRONT BACK

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DIAGRAM 2 WASH TABLE

Asbestos Plasticizing Cubicles (Diagram 3) 11 sheets (18 students, max.) 14 sheets (19+ students)

1/2" x 4' x 8' Plywood (1/2" minimum)

2 lbs

6d nails or 11/4" drywall screws

4

1" x 3" x 8' Firring Strips

DIAGRAM 3

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Chapter 11

Respirator Drying Rack (Diagram 4) 6

2" x 4" x 8'

7

1" x 3" x 8' Firring Strips

Use nails from table and bench supplies A respirator drying rack or table must be available. If a rack per Diagram 4 is not built, then an addition round-robin table with some wood strips for elevation is needed.

DIAGRAM 4

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Checklist of Administrative Activities 1.

Select the space for the course with the following in mind. !

!

Classroom with tables and chairs: 3-4 people per table, assuming large tables. Hands-on area - an open area of approximately 50' x 100' is ideal. (Other arrangements may be made if an area this large is not available.)

2.

A “break-out room” or area that the other instructors can use for administrative and preparation activities will be needed. This area should include a table or desk, access to electricity for a computer, and printer.

3.

Access to a fax machine is needed if possible to send the roster of students to the office for certificates to be issued.

4.

Tell the participants to dress informal according to the rules of the training center.

5.

The lead instructor will contact you at least 2 The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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Chapter 11

weeks in advance of the class to discuss start times, directions to the center, and other logistics. At this time, any questions or concerns of the center will be discussed. 6.

The lead instructor will make a follow-up call approximately 4 days before the class to take care of any last minute details. By this time, all materials should have arrived. A brief check will need to be completed by the on-site personnel to assure that all materials have arrived.

Materials to be Provided by CPWR This is a representative list for a class of 24 !

Two Knaack boxes (apr. 3'x5'x5') with equipment -kept inside or in a secure area

!

Four/Seven boxes of books and binders from “TJ’s Printshop”

!

Two rolls of 6 mil poly

!

One roll of “waste bags”

!

Two/three boxes of “Tyvec” suits

!

One case of duct tape

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!

One case of spray glue

!

Two/Three boxes from a Safety Supply House containing miscellaneous items (surgical gloves, smoke tubes, pipe wrap, plastic boot covers)

!

One box of “glove bags”

Materials to be Provided by the Training Center !

Flip chart, chalkboard with chalk, or white board with markers

!

Slide projector with extra bulb

!

Overhead projector with extra bulb

!

Projection screen or large blank white wall

!

Classroom that can be darkened to aid in showing slides or overheads

!

VCR equipment and television

!

Lumber to build Hands-on simulation structures:

!

6 - 9 rolls of paper towels

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SIGN IN/SIGN OUT SHEET Location of course: _________________________ Date of course: _________ STUDENTS’ NAMES

SIGN IN DATE

TIME

SIGN OUT DATE

TIME

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.

Trainers: ____________________________________________________________

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CPWR Trainee Course Evaluation Form Course________________ Date _________ Location ________________________ Please circle the appropriate number after the question.

The Instructor(s):

Rarely

Most of the time

Always

1.

Described the course and lesson objectives clearly.

1

2

3

4

5

2.

Explained how the course content applies to my job or trade.

1

2

3

4

5

3.

Presented the material clearly so that I could understand it.

1

2

3

4

5

4.

Kept the class focused on the important points.

1

2

3

4

5

5.

Reviewed the key points.

1

2

3

4

5

6.

Gave helpful feedback to the class on the exercises and activities.

1

2

3

4

5

7.

Made good use of the student materials/manual.

1

2

3

4

5

This course helped me improve my ability to:

Very Little

Some

A Lot

8.

Understand the problems of working with hazardous materials or conditions.

1

2

3

4

5

9.

Recognize health hazards on the job.

1

2

3

4

5

10.

Recognize unsafe work conditions and practices.

1

2

3

4

5

11.

Recognize signs of symptoms that may be related to chemical exposure.

1

2

3

4

5

12.

Size up whether a job hazard needs me to take immediate action.

1

2

3

4

5

13.

Use protective equipment.

1

2

3

4

5

14.

Understand my legal rights.

1

2

3

4

5

15.

Understand the importance of site safety plans and emergency response planning.

1

2

3

4

5

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The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights CPWR Course

Union Affiliation: 9 Asbestos Workers 9 Boilermakers 9 Carpenters 9 Cement Masons 9 Electrical 9 Painters 9 Plumbers & Workers 9 Sheet Metal Pipefitters 9 Other Workers Granting Agency: 9 EPA

9 DOE

9 MWT

9 Bricklayers 9 Ironworkers 9 Roofers

9 BMWT

Name of Site: Type of Course:

9 HW 9 HWR 9 AW 9 AWR 9 OSHA10 9 RI

9 LW 9 ACS 9 RR

9 LWR 9 ACSR 9 Other

9 LS 9 CS

9 LSR 9 24TSD

Training City/State: Person Submitting Forms: Date Submitted: Beginning Date of Course: No. of Students in Class No. of Certificates Awarded: Instructors: (List all instructors who participated in the training) MANDATORY Required Forms to be returned to CPWR: (Not all forms apply for every class) 9 Registration Forms 9 Pre-Test Answer Sheets* 9 Post Test Answer Sheets 9 Sign-in/out Form 9 Evaluation Forms 9 Hands-on Check List* (Lead and Asbestos Classes Only) 9 Health & Safety Survey Form* (HWR only) N:\Teri\Training Report Forms\CPWR Checklist.wpd

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Test Number _________

Asbestos Worker Examination

Revised January 1995

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Chapter 11

Asbestos Worker Examination Choose the BEST answer 1.

When friable asbestos-containing materials are disturbed or damaged, fibers may be released into the air. These fibers are best controlled by: a. allowing the fibers to settle and then sweeping them into the garbage b. using wet methods to handle the materials c. using a standard shop vacuum cleaner to eliminate the hazard d. no controls are needed since most fibers are too large to be inhaled into the lung.

2.

Exposure to asbestos fibers can cause the following diseases: a. asbestosis, lung cancer, and emphysema b. asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma c. asbestosis, black lung, and pneumonia d. asbestosis, black lung, and emphysema

3.

The typical latency period for developing asbestos related disease is: a. 5 years b. 10 years c. over 10 years d. disease rarely occurs

4. When released into the air, asbestos fibers: a. settle out immediately b. may stay afloat for as long as several days c. decompose into mineral components that are more dangerous than asbestos fibers d. none of the above 5. Friable asbestos means: a. asbestos-containing material that pressure b. asbestos fibers that are contained c. asbestos-containing material that d. asbestos-containing material that temperature

ADMIN:30

can easily be crumbled by hand and not floating in the air will melt at 2,000 o F cannot be burned at any

The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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6. Asbestos has been used in the following construction materials: a. sprayed-on fireproofing b. insulation on ducts, pipes, and boilers c. transite board d. all of the above 7. The most hazardous asbestos fibers are: a. visible to the naked eye b. serpentine fibers c. above 10 microns in length d. invisible to the naked eye 8. Personal air samples for asbestos are collected: a. by wiping off the worker’s respirator with filter paper b. with an open face filter attached to a battery operated pump placed within the workers breathing zone c. with a pump drawing 10 liters of air per minute d. with an aggressive sampling technique according to the EPA e. all of the above 9. Penetrating and bridging are the names of two types of: a. sealants b. encapsulants c. abatement d. removal 10. If the a. b. c. d.

plastic sheeting used to contain the work area rips: seal it at the end of the work shift stop work and seal it immediately prop a piece of plywood over it call the building owner before you do anything

11. Amended water is applied to asbestos-containing material during removal in order to: a. wet the fibers more effectively and to reduce the airborne level b. change the asbestos to a non-fibrous form c. cool off the room d. all of the above statements are correct

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12. Which of the following are covered under the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act: a. public colleges and universities b. public libraries c. private and public primary and secondary schools d. child care centers e. all of the above are covered by AHERA 13. During large abatement projects, building ventilation systems should be shut down: a. inside the entire work area b. only in the decontamination area c. only in the load-out area d. never 14. Workers leaving the work area must pass through the following decontamination sequence: a. clean room, shower room, equipment room b. equipment room, shower room, waste area c. equipment room, shower room, clean room d. none of the above 15. During decontamination, workers remove their respirators: a. inside the equipment room b. inside the shower after it has been cleaned c. inside the clean room d. before leaving the work area 16. Heat stress on an abatement site may result in the following: a. heat stroke b. heat exhaustion c. dehydration d. all of the above 17. When asbestos-containing materials are being removed 40 feet above floor level, fiber release can be minimized by: a. all of the answers below are correct b. wetting the material before it is removed c. containing the material into bags on the scaffold and then lowering the bags by rope d. sliding the wet material down an enclosed inclined chute ADMIN:32

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18. Glove bags may be used to remove asbestos-containing materials from pipes. When using glove bags: a. a worker must perform the job alone b. amended water is used to wet the material and for clean up c. warning signs are not necessary d. a decontamination area must be set up the glove bag 19. After removal of asbestos-containing materials, but before final clearance; a. critical (or isolation) barriers are taken down b. HVAC system is turned on c. all surfaces are wet wiped and vacuumed d. respirators are no longer needed 20. A full-face Type C respirator in the pressure-demand mode with an auxiliary SCBA is rated with a protection factor of: a. 10 b. 50 c. 500 d. greater than 1,000 21. A protection factor for a respirator is defined as the: a. concentration outside the mask divided by the concentration inside the mask b. concentration inside the mask divided by the concentration outside the mask c. concentration outside the work area divided by the concentration inside the work area d. concentration inside the building divided by the concentration outside the building 22. Workers should shower following the proper decontamination procedures: a. every time they leave the work site under normal circumstances b. only at the end of the day c. even when a serious emergency exists d. except when working outdoors

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23. Electrical hazard protection is provided by all of the following except: a. stapling all flexible cords to the floor b. using ground fault interrupters c. locking out all electrical sources in the work area d. bringing in temporary power source 24. Negative air pressure machines should be equipped with: a. an alarm that sounds when there is a filter-breach b. a high efficiency particulate air filter c. one or two pre-filters d. all of the above 25. High pressure spray nozzles may be used only for applying; a. encapsulating materials b. amended water to surface materials c. amended water to pipe insulation d. a post-removal sealant e. should never be used 26. Disposable protective outer clothing (coverall, booties & hoods): a. cannot be washed and reused b. may increase the likelihood of heat stress during abatement c. should adequately protect the worker from gross contamination d. all of the above 27. Encapsulants: a. may penetrate into the ACM and harden b. may remain on the surface of the ACM and harden c. may be sprayed onto the ACM d. all of the above 28. Disposal bags used for asbestos waste: a. must be labeled with proper warning information b. are at least 5 mils thick c. can be reused after asbestos is dumped d. can be filled up to 100 pounds

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29. Half-face air-purifying respirators: (Choose the best answer) a. may be recommended for preparation of the work site and for final clean up b. must be worn during removal c. are completely disposable d. have the highest protection factor 30. All respiratory equipment should be stored in the: a. equipment room b. clean room c. shower room d. any of the above 31. The best protection for asbestos abatement workers is provided by: a. PAPRs b. half-face respirators c. supplied-air respirators in demand mode d. suppled-air respirators in pressure-demand mode 32. According to the OSHA Asbestos Construction standard, the employer must supply respirators to workers when: a. a worker requests a respirator b. the engineering controls or work practices cannot reduce worker exposure to 0.1 f/cc or below c. the air levels reach the excursion limit for 8 hours d. the worker begins to have difficulty breathing in the work area 33. Worksite entry and exit should only be through the: a. waste load-out area b. the decontamination chamber c. special double-flapped doors’ d. all of the above 34. Which a. b. c. d. e.

types of asbestos should be wetted using amended water? chrysotile amosite crocidolite tremolite all of the above

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35. half-face air-purifying respirators protect against asbestos when they are properly fitted to the worker and include: a. organic vapor cartridges b. high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters c. acid gas filters d. methylene chloride filters 36. Breathing air from Type C supplied-air breathing systems must meet: a. Grade A air specifications b. Grade B air specifications c. Grade C air specifications d. Grade D air specifications 37. When a. b. c. d.

changing pre-filters in negative air pressure machines: power should be shut off to the work area the unit should be removed from the work area the machine can remain on the containment barriers can be removed temporarily

38. Facial hair that interferes with the fit of a negative pressure respirator can be overcome by: a. the use of grease or lubricants such as Vaseline b. selecting a hooded or helmeted respirator c. increasing strap tension d. all of the above e. none of the above 39. Asbestos is the common name of a group of: a. natural cotton-like fibers in the vegetable family that occurs as masses of fiber b. chemically-based fibers first developed in the early 1900s by the Johns-Mansville Company c. minerals which are formed in certain rock formations and occur as masses of very short to long fibers d. none of the above

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40. If you inhale air that contains asbestos dust, the small fibers may work their way into lung tissue and remain imbedded for: a. 1 month b. 1 year c. 10 years d. life 41. Who is at risk for getting asbestos-related illnesses? a. all of the answers below are correct b. workers involved in repairing or removing asbestos in buildings c. shipyard workers involved in repair work on older ships d. spouses of asbestos-exposed workers who launder their work clothing 42. Which type of asbestos is brown, strong, and very resistant to heat? a. serpentine b. amosite c. amphibole d. crocidolite e. all of the above 43. Airlocks between the rooms in the decontamination area: a. are installed to prevent easy entry into the work area b. are installed to reduce the likelihood of asbestos fibers migrating c. are installed to stop fibers from entering the work area d. are usually built of solid panels (e.g., plywood doors) 44. At a minimum, waste shower water: a. should be filtered through a 5 micron filter and then discharged into a public sewer system b. should be directly released into the public sewer system c. should be recycled for use in the decontamination unit shower d. should be filtered through the negative pressure machine and then discharged into a public sewer system

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Chapter 11

45. Air supplied to a Type C breathing system must meet specifications for the following: a. carbon monoxide b. oil mists c. carbon dioxide d. odors e. all of the above 46. Lockout refers to: a. spraying asbestos with amended water and physically removing the material b. marking the time and date when each filter of the negative air unit was last replaced c. sealing critical barriers with polyethylene and testing the seal with smoke tubes d. shutting down and placing a lock on the HVAC system/electrical power coming into an abatement site and marking the switch with your name and telephone number 47. According to NESHAP, asbestos waste received by a dump site: a. requires no special handling b. can be removed from the container so that it takes up less room c. can be stored in open pits for 60 days d. none of the above 48. Negative air pressure machines should be placed: a. between the decontamination area and the site of removal b. between the decontamination area and the waste-load out area c. so that removal is conducted between the decontamination area and the negative air machines d. where it will be least contaminated 49. Which statement about securing polyethylene sheeting is not true? a. duct tape stands up well in hot humid environments b. the plastic sheeting weakens significantly in direct, intense sunlight c. stapling sheeting may not always provide a guaranteed bond d. sharp objects easily pierce plastic sheeting

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50. The NESHAP standard states that: a. there shall be no visible emissions of asbestos b. there shall be no asbestos emissions producing an air level of 0.01 f/cc over and eight-hour period c. there shall be no asbestos emissions producing an air level of 0.02 f/cc over a 24-hour period d. there shall be as little emissions as is economically feasible

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Chapter 11

The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights General Purpose Answer Sheet A B C D E 1. F F F F F

A B C D E 15. F F F F F

A B C D E 29. F F F F F

A B C D E 43. F F F F F

A B C D E 2. F F F F F

A B C D E 16. F F F F F

A B C D E 30. F F F F F

A B C D E 44. F F F F F

A B C D E 3. F F F F F

A B C D E 17. F F F F F

A B C D E 31. F F F F F

A B C D E 45. F F F F F

A B C D E 4. F F F F F

A B C D E 18. F F F F F

A B C D E 32. F F F F F

A B C D E 46. F F F F F

A B C D E 5. F F F F F

A B C D E 19. F F F F F

A B C D E 33. F F F F F

A B C D E 47. F F F F F

A B C D E 6. F F F F F

A B C D E 20. F F F F F

A B C D E 34. F F F F F

A B C D E 48. F F F F F

A B C D E 7. F F F F F

A B C D E 21. F F F F F

A B C D E 35. F F F F F

A B C D E 49. F F F F F

A B C D E 8. F F F F F

A B C D E 22. F F F F F

A B C D E 36. F F F F F

A B C D E 50. F F F F F

A B C D E 9. F F F F F

A B C D E 23. F F F F F

A B C D E 37. F F F F F

A B C D E 10. F F F F F

A B C D E 24. F F F F F

A B C D E 38. F F F F F

A B C D E 11. F F F F F

A B C D E 25. F F F F F

A B C D E 39. F F F F F

SCORE

A B C D E 12. F F F F F

A B C D E 26. F F F F F

A B C D E 40. F F F F F

Written _______

A B C D E 13. F F F F F

A B C D E 27. F F F F F

A B C D E 41. F F F F F

Verbal

A B C D E 14. F F F F F

A B C D E 28. F F F F F

A B C D E 42. F F F F F

Read the Following Before You Begin. – Make heavy black marks that completely fill the circle. – Erase clearly any answers you wish to change. – Make no stray marks on this answer sheet

ADMIN:40

_______

Please list all scores

Name: _______________________ Course Location: _______________ S.S.#: _________________________ I. D. #: ________________________

The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

Chapter 11

Course Administration

The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights General Purpose Answer Sheet A B C D E 1. F M F F F

A B C D E 15. F M F F F

A B C D E 29. M F F F F

A B C D E 43. F M F F F

A B C D E 2. F M F F F

A B C D E 16. F F F M F

A B C D E 30. F M F F F

A B C D E 44. M F F F F

A B C D E 3. F F M F F

A B C D E 17. M F F F F

A B C D E 31. F F F M F

A B C D E 45. F F F F M

A B C D E 4. F M F F F

A B C D E 18. F M F F F

A B C D E 32. F M F F F

A B C D E 46. F F F M F

A B C D E 5. M F F F F

A B C D E 19. F F M F F

A B C D E 33. F M F F F

A B C D E 47. F F F M F

A B C D E 6. F F F M F

A B C D E 20. F F F M F

A B C D E 34. F F F F M

A B C D E 48. F F M F F

A B C D E 7. F F F M F

A B C D E 21. M F F F F

A B C D E 35. F M F F F

A B C D E 49. M F F F F

A B C D E 8. F M F F F

A B C D E 22. M F F F F

A B C D E 36. F F F M F

A B C D E 50. M F F F F

A B C D E 9. F M F F F

A B C D E 23. M F F F F

A B C D E 37. F F M F F

A B C D E 10. F M F F F

A B C D E 24. F F F M F

A B C D E 38. F F F F M

A B C D E 11. M F F F F

A B C D E 25. F F F F M

A B C D E 39. F F M F F

SCORE

A B C D E 12. F F F F M

A B C D E 26. F F F M F

A B C D E 40. F F F M F

Written _______

A B C D E 13. M F F F F

A B C D E 27. F F F M F

A B C D E 41. M F F F F

Verbal

A B C D E 14. F F M F F

A B C D E 28. M F F F F

A B C D E 42. F M F F F

Read the Following Before You Begin. – Make heavy black marks that completely fill in the circle. – Erase clearly any answers you wish to change. – Make no stray marks on this answer sheet

Asbestos Key

_______

Please list all scores

Name: _______________________ Course Location:_______________ S.S.#: _________________________ I. D. #: ________________________

The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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Course Administration

Chapter 11

Asbestos Worker Examination Key

Revised January 1995

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Asbestos Worker Examination Key Choose the BEST answer 1.

When friable asbestos-containing materials are disturbed or damaged, fibers may be released into the air. These fibers are best controlled by: a. allowing the fibers to settle and then sweeping them into the garbage b. using wet methods to handle the materials - Ch. 4: 222 c. using a standard shop vacuum cleaner to eliminate the hazard d. no controls are needed since most fibers are too large to be inhaled into the lung.

2.

Exposure to asbestos fibers can cause the following diseases: a. asbestosis, lung cancer, and emphysema b. asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma - Ch. 2: 22 c. asbestosis, black lung, and pneumonia d. asbestosis, black lung, and emphysema

3.

The typical latency period for developing asbestos related disease is: a. 5 years b. 10 years c. over 10 years - Ch. 2: 23 d. disease rarely occurs

4. When released into the air, asbestos fibers: a. settle out immediately b. may stay afloat for as long as several days - Ch. 1: 3 c. decompose into mineral components that are more dangerous than asbestos fibers d. none of the above 5. Friable asbestos means: a. asbestos-containing material that can easily be crumbled by hand pressure - Ch. 1: 4 b. asbestos fibers that are contained and not floating in the air c. asbestos-containing material that will melt at 2,000 o F d. asbestos-containing material that cannot be burned at any temperature

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Chapter 11

6. Asbestos has been used in the following construction materials: a. sprayed-on fireproofing b. insulation on ducts, pipes, and boilers c. transite board d. all of the above - Ch. 1: 4-6 7. The most hazardous asbestos fibers are: a. visible to the naked eye b. serpentine fibers c. above 10 microns in length d. invisible to the naked eye - Ch. 2: 23 8. Personal air samples for asbestos are collected: a. by wiping off the worker’s respirator with filter paper b. with an open face filter attached to a battery operated pump placed within the workers breathing zone - Ch.4: 22 c. with a pump drawing 10 liters of air per minute d. with an aggressive sampling technique according to the EPA e. all of the above 9. Penetrating and bridging are the names of two types of: a. sealants b. encapsulants - Ch. 4: 194-195 c. abatement d. removal 10. If the a. b. c. d.

plastic sheeting used to contain the work area rips: seal it at the end of the work shift stop work and seal it immediately prop a piece of plywood over it call the building owner before you do anything

11. Amended water is applied to asbestos-containing material during removal in order to: a. wet the fibers more effectively and to reduce the airborne level - Ch. 3: 66, Ch. 4: 201 b. change the asbestos to a non-fibrous form c. cool off the room d. all of the above statements are correct

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12. Which of the following are covered under the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act: a. public colleges and universities b. public libraries c. private and public primary and secondary schools d. child care centers e. all of the above are covered by AHERA - Ch. 3: 48 13. During large abatement projects, building ventilation systems should be shut down: a. inside the entire work area - Ch. 4: 209 b. only in the decontamination area c. only in the load-out area d. never 14. Workers leaving the work area must pass through the following decontamination sequence: a. clean room, shower room, equipment room b. equipment room, shower room, waste area c. equipment room, shower room, clean room - Ch. 4: 210, 225 d. none of the above 15. During decontamination, workers remove their respirators: a. inside the equipment room b. inside the shower after it has been cleaned - Ch. 4: 220, 225 c. inside the clean room d. before leaving the work area 16. Heat stress on an abatement site may result in the following: a. heat stroke b. heat exhaustion c. dehydration d. all of the above - Ch. 7: 303-306 17. When asbestos-containing materials are being removed 40 feet above floor level, fiber release can be minimized by: a. all of the answers below are correct - Ch. 3: 65 b. wetting the material before it is removed c. containing the material into bags on the scaffold and then lowering the bags by rope d. sliding the wet material down an enclosed inclined chute The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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18. Glove bags may be used to remove asbestos-containing materials from pipes. When using glove bags: a. a worker must perform the job alone b. amended water is used to wet the material and for clean up - Ch. 4: 238-245 c. warning signs are not necessary d. a decontamination area must be set up the glove bag 19. After removal of asbestos-containing materials, but before final clearance; a. critical (or isolation) barriers are taken down b. HVAC system is turned on c. all surfaces are wet wiped and vacuumed - Ch. 6: 288 d. respirators are no longer needed 20. A full-face Type C respirator in the pressure-demand mode with an auxiliary SCBA is rated with a protection factor of: a. 10 b. 50 c. 500 d. greater than 1,000 - Ch. 5: 264, 266, Slide #38 21. A protection factor for a respirator is defined as the: a. concentration outside the mask divided by the concentration inside the mask - Slide #37 b. concentration inside the mask divided by the concentration outside the mask c. concentration outside the work area divided by the concentration inside the work area d. concentration inside the building divided by the concentration outside the building 22. Workers should shower following the proper decontamination procedures: a. every time they leave the work site under normal circumstances - Ch. 4: 226 b. only at the end of the day c. even when a serious emergency exists d. except when working outdoors

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23. Electrical hazard protection is provided by all of the following except: a. stapling all flexible cords to the floor - Ch. 4: 209-210 b. using ground fault interrupters c. locking out all electrical sources in the work area d. bringing in temporary power source 24. Negative air pressure machines should be equipped with: a. an alarm that sounds when there is a filter-breach b. a high efficiency particulate air filter c. one or two pre-filters d. all of the above - Ch. 4: 205, 213 25. High pressure spray nozzles may be used only for applying; a. encapsulating materials b. amended water to surface materials c. amended water to pipe insulation d. a post-removal sealant e. should never be used - Ch. 4: 222-223 26. Disposable protective outer clothing (coverall, booties & hoods): a. cannot be washed and reused b. may increase the likelihood of heat stress during abatement c. should adequately protect the worker from gross contamination d. all of the above - Ch. 4: 225 27. Encapsulants: a. may penetrate into the ACM and harden b. may remain on the surface of the ACM and harden c. may be sprayed onto the ACM d. all of the above - Ch. 4: 194 28. Disposal bags used for asbestos waste: a. must be labeled with proper warning information - Ch. 4: 233-234; Ch. 6: 294-295 b. are at least 5 mils thick c. can be reused after asbestos is dumped d. can be filled up to 100 pounds

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29. Half-face air-purifying respirators: (Choose the best answer) a. may be recommended for preparation of the work site and for final clean up b. must be worn during removal - what about FF, Type C? c. are completely disposable - illegal d. have the highest protection factor - lowest 30. All respiratory equipment should be stored in the: a. equipment room b. clean room - Ch. 3: 76, 105 c. shower room d. any of the above 31. The best protection for asbestos abatement workers is provided by: a. PAPRs b. half-face respirators c. supplied-air respirators in demand mode - Ch. 5: 258, 268 d. suppled-air respirators in pressure-demand mode ^ 32. According to the OSHA Asbestos Construction standard, the employer must supply respirators to workers when: a. a worker requests a respirator b. the engineering controls or work practices cannot reduce worker exposure to 0.1 f/cc or below c. the air levels reach the excursion limit for 8 hours d. the worker begins to have difficulty breathing in the work area - Ch. 3: 52, 79 33. Worksite entry and exit should only be through the: a. waste load-out area b. the decontamination chamber - Ch. 4: 210, 225 - 226 c. special double-flapped doors’ d. all of the above 34. Which a. b. c. d. e. ADMIN:48

types of asbestos should be wetted using amended water? chrysotile amosite crocidolite tremolite all of the above - Ch. 1: 9; Ch. 4: 201 The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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35. half-face air-purifying respirators protect against asbestos when they are properly fitted to the worker and include: a. organic vapor cartridges b. high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters - Ch. 5: 272, 275, 280; Ch. 3, 102 c. acid gas filters d. methylene chloride filters 36. Breathing air from Type C supplied-air breathing systems must meet: a. Grade A air specifications b. Grade B air specifications c. Grade C air specifications d. Grade D air specifications - Ch. 5: 259 37. When a. b. c. d.

changing pre-filters in negative air pressure machines: power should be shut off to the work area the unit should be removed from the work area the machine can remain on - Ch. 3: 88 the containment barriers can be removed temporarily

38. Facial hair that interferes with the fit of a negative pressure respirator can be overcome by: a. the use of grease or lubricants such as Vaseline b. selecting a hooded or helmeted respirator c. increasing strap tension d. all of the above e. none of the above - Ch. 5: 250, 275 39. Asbestos is the common name of a group of: a. natural cotton-like fibers in the vegetable family that occurs as masses of fiber b. chemically-based fibers first developed in the early 1900s by the Johns-Mansville Company c. minerals which are formed in certain rock formations and occur as masses of very short to long fibers - Ch. 1: 2 d. none of the above

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40. If you inhale air that contains asbestos dust, the small fibers may work their way into lung tissue and remain imbedded for: a. 1 month b. 1 year c. 10 years d. life - Ch. 2: 23, 29 41. Who is at risk for getting asbestos-related illnesses? a. all of the answers below are correct - Ch. 2: 22, 23 b. workers involved in repairing or removing asbestos in buildings c. shipyard workers involved in repair work on older ships d. spouses of asbestos-exposed workers who launder their work clothing 42. Which type of asbestos is brown, strong, and very resistant to heat? a. serpentine b. amosite - Ch. 1: 9 c. amphibole d. crocidolite e. all of the above 43. Airlocks between the rooms in the decontamination area: a. are installed to prevent easy entry into the work area b. are installed to reduce the likelihood of asbestos fibers migrating - Ch. 4: 210 c. are installed to stop fibers from entering the work area d. are usually built of solid panels (e.g., plywood doors) 44. At a minimum, waste shower water: a. should be filtered through a 5 micron filter and then discharged into a public sewer system - EPA rule b. should be directly released into the public sewer system c. should be recycled for use in the decontamination unit shower d. should be filtered through the negative pressure machine and then discharged into a public sewer system

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45. Air supplied to a Type C breathing system must meet specifications for the following: a. carbon monoxide b. oil mists c. carbon dioxide d. odors e. all of the above - Ch.5: 259 46. Lockout refers to: a. spraying asbestos with amended water and physically removing the material b. marking the time and date when each filter of the negative air unit was last replaced c. sealing critical barriers with polyethylene and testing the seal with smoke tubes d. shutting down and placing a lock on the HVAC system/electrical power coming into an abatement site and marking the switch with your name and telephone number - Ch. 4: 209 47. According to NESHAP, asbestos waste received by a dump site: a. requires no special handling b. can be removed from the container so that it takes up less room c. can be stored in open pits for 60 days d. none of the above - Ch. 3: 61 48. Negative air pressure machines should be placed: a. between the decontamination area and the site of removal b. between the decontamination area and the waste-load out area c. so that removal is conducted between the decontamination area and the negative air machines - Ch. 4: 210, 213 d. where it will be least contaminated 49. Which statement about securing polyethylene sheeting is not true? a. duct tape stands up well in hot humid environments b. the plastic sheeting weakens significantly in direct, intense sunlight c. stapling sheeting may not always provide a guaranteed bond d. sharp objects easily pierce plastic sheeting

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50. The NESHAP standard states that: a. there shall be no visible emissions of asbestos - Ch. 3: 61,62, 66 b. there shall be no asbestos emissions producing an air level of 0.01 f/cc over and eight-hour period c. there shall be no asbestos emissions producing an air level of 0.02 f/cc over a 24-hour period d. there shall be as little emissions as is economically feasible

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Asbestos Worker Course Review Day 1 in Review 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.

What is asbestos? What is asbestos good for? Known for? Is asbestos dangerous to our health and well being? How? How do asbestos fibers get into the air? And what do they do once they get there? If an asbestos product or material becomes friable, what can happed? How can you tell if something contains asbestos? What are some of the more well known types of asbestos? Most used? Hardest? Name three major lung-related asbestos diseases? How does the asbestos get into our bodies? How long does asbestos stay in our body? How does asbestos make us sick? How long does it usually take to get an asbestos-related disease? This “waiting period” is known as the “________ ________.” Does our body have any ways to protect us from disease? From asbestos-related diseases? What is asbestosis? Is there a cure? What is mesothelioma? Is there a cure? What is lung cancer? Is there a cure? Does smoking affect your chances of getting an asbestos related disease? If you work with asbestos, are you required to get a medical exam? How often? What are the doctors most concerned about? The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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20. Does it matter if you are going to wear a respirator? 21. What two federal agencies are the most concerned with asbestos? Do state agencies care? 22. The EPA passed the AHERA (Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act) law in the late 1980s to “managing asbestos in the schools.” After being amended, the scope of the law now covers what? 23. The NESHAP standard wants to keep asbestos out of the air during renovation, remodeling, and disposal at certified land fills. What is their goal? 24. What is OSHA’s role in asbestos abatement? 25. What are the four categories of asbestos abatement for OSHA? 26. Do you have to be refreshed? If “yes,” how often? 27. What is the OSHA PEL for asbestos? 28. What is the OSHA Excursion Limit for asbestos? 29. What are the Controls Methods that can be used to manage asbestos? 30. With Class I abatement yielding the greatest chances for high levels of exposure, what set up steps should you follow? (keep asbestos wet, contain the work area, filter the air, use negative pressure) – See page 208 for the list– – establish the decon–

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Day 2 in Review 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

10. 11.

12 13.

14.

15.

What are negative air machines? How does they work? What are their important parts? How long do they run? What is a HEPA vacuum? How is it different from a shop vac? What are its key parts. What are “wet methods” and how do we achieve it? What kind of pressure are we allowed? How do we enter the regulated or work area? How are we dressed out? How do we know how much asbestos is in the air in the work area? What do you do with the asbestos once it is off a wall or ceiling? If you are working on a scaffold, how do you get the asbestos safely to the floor? Before waste goes out, how many times is it bagged? How is the bag taped off? What has to go on the outside of the second bag? How do the bags get out of the work area? How do we exit the work area? Why do wear a respirator in the work area? How will we know we are fit to wear a respirator? How will we know which respirator to wear? How will we know if the respirator we have – fits? What is an APR? half-face? Full-face? PAPR? What are Type C respirators? What is the difference between continuous flow and pressure demand? Which is the best? What grade air do you breathe with supplied air? What are protection factors? What is it for a half-face (10)? What is if for supplied-air, positive-pressure, pressure demand (greater than 1,000)? What does the maximum use level tell us?

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16. What other PPE do we wear in the work area? 17. When cleaning up the area, what do we do after the asbestos is down but we haven’t had clearance testing yet? 18. How does lock down help? What do you do if you are asked to apply sprayback? 19. What is the clearance level for asbestos? (0.01) 20. Describe the process of getting asbestos waste to a certified landfill once it has been double bagged. 21. Other than asbestos exposure, what might be your greatest hazard on the job? (heat stress) 22. What can you do to avoid electrical shock? 23. How do you prevent hearing loss? 24. Can plastic burn? Can there be fire hazards on the job? 25. Do you need fall protection? Why?

###

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The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

Chapter 11

Chapter 11

Course Administration

The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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Course Administration

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The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

Chapter 11

Chapter 11

Course Administration

The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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Course Administration

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Chapter 11

Course Administration

The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights

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Chapter 11

E XPENDABLE L IST P RICE LIST F OR L EAD /A SBESTOS A BATEMENT T RAINING #

Equipment Description

1

Package of Respirator Cleaner (90 tablets)

1 2 30

Unit Price

Total Price

35.00

35.00

Case of 25 XXL Tyvek Coveralls

100.00

100.00

Case of 25 XXXL Tyvek Coveralls

105.00

210.00

.60

18.00

Polyethylene Over-Boots (Pair)

1

Case of Spray Adhesive

28.00

28.00

1

Case of Duct Tape

80.00

80.00

1

Roll of 20' x 100' 6 Mil Polyethylene

45.00

45.00

2

Roll of 12' x 100' 6 Mil Polyethylene

26.00

52.00

1

Roll of 33" x 50" Black Disposal Bags

36.00

36.00

1

Box of Irritant Smoke Tubes

23.00

23.00

3

Box of Latex Surgical Gloves

7.50

22.50

1

Roll of Caution Barricade Tape

8.00

8.00

1

Roll of Danger Barricade Tape

8.00

8.00

1

Pack of Lead Check Swabs

82.50

82.50

1

Pack of Lead Sulfide

19.95

19.95

2

Case of 25 Glovebags

110.00

220.00

4

6" x 9' Wet-Wrap

3.50

14.00

.60

14.40

3.50

35.00

24

Cotton Jersey Gloves (pair)

10

Bone Saws TOTAL

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$1,051.35

Chapter 11

Course Administration

E QUIPMENT L IST P RICING F OR L EAD /A SBESTOS A BATEMENT T RAINING #

Equipment Description

Unit Price

Total Price

2

Gang Boxes

765.00

1530.00

1

HEPA Vacuum w/Accessories

627.00

627.00

1

Negative Air Machine w/Duct

650.00

650.00

1

Personal Sampling Pump

300.00

300.00

2

25mm Asbestos Filter Cassettes

1.00

2.00

2

37mm Lead Filter Cassettes

2.00

4.00

1

Rotometer

45.00

45.00

1

Powered Air-Purifying Respirator

280.00

280.00

35

Half-Face APR's

28.50

997.50

70

P100 Filter Cartridges for Half-Face APR's

6.00

420.00

1

Full-Face APR

130.00

130.00

2

P100 Filter Cartridges for Full-Face APR

6.00

12.00

1

Bitrex Fit-Test Kit

170.00

170.00

1

Irritant Smoke Pump Fit-Test Kit

195.00

195.00

25

Splashproof Goggles

5.00

125.00

1

Saranex-Coated Tyvek Suit

12.00

12.00

25

Nitrile Gloves (pair)

1.90

47.50

4

Claw Hammer

18.00

72.00

2

Pry Bars

10.50

21.00

5

Staple Guns

19.50

97.50

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ADMIN:65

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#

Equipment Description

Chapter 11

Unit Price

Total Price

6

Molding Scrapers

5.50

33.00

8

3" Scrapers

5.20

41.60

6

Molding Scrapers

5.50

33.00

8

3" Scrapers

5.20

41.60

8

1" Scrapers

3.00

24.00

16

Retractable Knives

5.10

81.60

3

Heat Guns

50.00

150.00

5

Sprayers

24.50

122.50

6

Respirator Wash Basins

3.50

21.00

2

Push Brooms

10.00

20.00

1

Brush/Dust Pan

8.00

8.00

2

Extension Cords

15.00

30.00

1

Cooler Jug

30.00

30.00

1

First Aid Kit

17.50

17.50

1

Plug Lockout

18.00

18.00

1

Single-Hasp Lockout

5.00

5.00

1

Valve Lockout

23.00

23.00

1

GFCI

43.50

43.50

2

Asbestos Warning Signs

6.75

13.50

2

Lead Warning Signs

6.75

13.50

TOTAL

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$6,433.20

The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights