GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, PUNE CERTIFICATE This
is
certify
that
Ashwin
Tumma,
Enrollment
No.
0506039, Third Year Diploma in Computer Engineering has successfully completed his Seminar Report on the topic
BLUE EYES HUMAN OPERATOR MONITORING SYSTEM. as a part of his Diploma Curriculum in the academic year 2007-08. Date : 6th October,2007
Seminar Guide (Prof. U. V. Kokate)
Head of Dept.
Principal
(Prof. U. V. Kokate)
(Prof. C. R. Joshi)
2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I take this opportunity to express my profound gratitude to my Project and Seminar guide Prof. U. V. Kokate Sir, for all the valuable guidance and support that he rendered. Sir also guided through the essence of time management, need of efficient organizing, presentation skills criterion in seminar and designing of a product from the user’s perspective. This assisted me to be more selective in presentations. Over the weeks, the Staff of Computer Engineering Department, has also provided significant encouragement and extended their invigorous support. I also thank them for their invaluable guidance.
Tumma Ashwin K. (0506039) Third Year Computer
3
CONTENTS Chapte r No 1
2
3
4 4.2 5
Name
Introduction 1.1 A Glimpse of Bluetooth Technology 1.1.1 Basics of Bluetooth Technology 1.1.2 Interface 1.1.3 Specification Makeup 1.1.4 Spectrum 1.1.5 Range 1.1.6 Power 1.2 Motivation for the Development of the System 1.3 What is Blue Eyes System? 1.1.1 Technology 1.1.2 System Design Overview 1.1.3 System features 1.4 Misconceptions about the System System Design 2.1 Designing System 2.1.1 Design Methodologies 2.1.2 Design objectives 2.2 System Overview 2.3 Data Acquisition Unit (DAU) 2.3.1 Hardware 2.3.2 Features of DAU 2.4 Central System Unit (CSU) 2.4.1 Introductory Modules 2.4.2 Connection Manager Module 2.4.3 Data Analysis Module 2.4.4 Data Logger Module 2.4.5 Visualization Module Security and Application Areas 3.1 Security of data in the System 3.2 Application area of the System Merits and Demerits 4.1 Merits of the System D 4.2 Demerits of the System A Generic Touch to the future of System 5.1 Future enhancements in the System Summary
Page No 5
7 8
9 11 12 14 18
21 22 23 23 24 26
4
Bibliography
27
5
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 A GLIMPSE OF THE BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY 1.1.1
Basics of Bluetooth
Bluetooth
wireless
technology
is
a
short-range
communications technology intended to replace the cables connecting portable and/or fixed devices while maintaining high levels of security. The key features of Bluetooth technology are robustness, low power, and low cost. The Bluetooth specification defines a uniform structure for a wide range of devices to connect and communicate with each other.
Bluetooth technology has achieved global acceptance such that any Bluetooth enabled device, almost everywhere in the world, can connect to other Bluetooth enabled devices in proximity. Bluetooth enabled electronic devices connect and communicate wirelessly through short-range, ad hoc networks known as piconets. Each device can simultaneously communicate with up to seven other devices within a single piconet. Each device can also belong to several piconets simultaneously.
Piconets
are
established
dynamically
and
automatically as Bluetooth enabled devices enter and leave radio proximity.
A fundamental Bluetooth wireless technology strength is the ability to simultaneously handle both data and voice transmissions. This enables users to enjoy variety of innovative solutions such as a hands-free headset for voice calls, printing and fax capabilities, and
6
synchronizing PDA, laptop, and mobile phone applications to name a few.
1.1.2
Interface Bluetooth technology’s adaptive frequency hopping (AFH)
capability was designed to reduce interference between wireless technologies sharing the 2.4 GHz spectrum. AFH works within the spectrum to take advantage of the available frequency. This is done by detecting other devices in the spectrum and avoiding the frequencies they are using. This adaptive hopping allows for more efficient transmission within the spectrum, providing users with greater performance even if using other technologies along with Bluetooth technology.
1.1.3
Specification Make-up Unlike many other wireless standards, the Bluetooth
wireless specification gives product developers both link layer and application
layer
definitions,
which
supports
data
and
voice
applications.
1.1.4
Spectrum Bluetooth technology operates in the unlicensed industrial,
scientific and medical (ISM) band at 2.4 to 2.485 GHz, using a spread spectrum, frequency hopping, full-duplex signal at a nominal rate of 1600 hops/sec.
1.1.5
Range
7
The operating range depends on the device class: Class 3 radios – have a range of up to 1 meter or 3 feet Class 2 radios – most commonly found in mobile devices – have a range of 10 meters or 30 feet Class 1 radios – used primarily in industrial use cases – have a range of 100 meters or 300 feet
1.1.6
Power The most commonly used radio is Class 2 and uses 2.5 mW
of power. Bluetooth technology is designed to have very low power consumption. This is reinforced in the specification by allowing radios to be powered down when inactive.
1.2MOTIVATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SYSTEM Human error is still one of the most frequent causes of catastrophes and ecological disasters. The main reason is that the monitoring systems concern only the state of the processes whereas human contribution to the overall performance of the system is left unsupervised. The control instruments are automated to a large extent, so a human–operator becomes a passive observer of the supervised system, which results in weariness and vigilance drop. Thus, he may not notice important changes of indications causing financial or ecological consequences and a threat to human life. It therefore is crucial to assure that the operator’s conscious brain is involved in an active system supervising over the whole work time period.
8
It is possible to measure indirectly the level of the operator’s conscious brain involvement using eye motility analysis. Although there are capable sensors available on the market, a complex solution enabling transformation, analysis and reasoning based on measured signals still does not exist. In large control rooms, wiring the operator to the central system is a serious limitation of his mobility and disables his operation. Utilization of wireless technology becomes essential. 1.3 WHAT IS BLUE EYES SYSTEM?
1.3.1
Technology The system developed is intended to be the complex
solution for monitoring and recording the operator’s conscious brain involvement as well as his physiological condition. For this designing a Personal Area Network is required linking all the operators and the supervising system. As the operator using his sight and hearing senses the state of the controlled system, the supervising system will look after his physiological condition.
1.3.2
System design overview The system consists of a portable measuring unit and a
central analytical system. The mobile device is integrated with Bluetooth module providing wireless interface between the operatorworn sensors called the Data Acquisition Unit (DAU) and the central unit called the Central System Unit (CSU). ID cards assigned to each of the operators and adequate user profiles on the central unit side provide necessary data personalization so that different people can use a single sensor.
9
Why the name BlueEyes? The main thing is to explain the name of the system. BlueEyes emphasizes the foundations of the project – Bluetooth technology and the movements of the eyes. Bluetooth provides reliable wireless communication whereas the eye movements enable us to obtain a lot of interesting and important information.
1.3.3
System features BlueEyes system provides technical means for monitoring
and recording human-operator's physiological condition. The key features of the system are: •
visual attention monitoring (eye motility analysis)
•
physiological condition monitoring (pulse rate, blood oxygenation)
•
operator's position detection (standing, lying)
•
wireless data acquisition using Bluetooth technology
•
real-time user-defined alarm triggering
•
physiological data, operator's voice and overall view of the control room recording
•
recorded data playback
1.4MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT THE BLUE EYES SYSTEM Knowing what the Blue Eyes System actually is, it is obvious that there arise many misconceptions about the Blue Eye System in the user’s or the operators mind. Here’s an attempt to clear some of the misconceptions about the System. 10
The Blue Eyes System does not predict or interpret with the operator’s thoughts. Rather it is designed just to monitor the physiological condition of the operator. The system interprets with the operator’s state of brain with the help of eye motility analysis, on the contrary the thoughts of the operator are been initiated in the mind of the operator. So, there arises no concept of the system interpreting the operator’s thoughts. Also the second misconception that arises is that, Is this system able to compel or force the operator to work? No! The Blue Eyes system cannot force the operator directly to work with the desired system or carry out specific tasks that are assigned to him. It is the duty of the system administrator to monitor the operator, and then to take appropriate measures for the irregularity of the operator, when such a kind of system is employed in a Personal Area Network.
11
12
CHAPTER 2: SYSTEM DESIGN DESIGNING SYSTEM
2.1
2.1.1Design Methodologies In creating the Blue Eyes system a waterfall software development model is used since it is suitable for unrepeatable and explorative projects. During the course of the development UML standard notations are used. They facilitate communication between team members; all the ideas are clearly expressed by means of various diagrams, which is a sound base for further development. The
results
of
the
functional
design
phase
were
documented on use case diagrams. During the low-level design stage the whole system is divided into modules. independent,
well-defined
functional
Each of them has an
interface
providing
precise
description of the services offered to the other modules. All the interfaces are documented on UML class-, interaction- and state diagrams. At this point each of the modules can be assigned to a team member, implemented and tested in parallel. The last stage of the project is the integrated system testing.
2.1.2Design Objectives If such a system is to be practically or commercially implemented into practice then the following criterions should be taken care of when the system is designed to be served in a particular context. •
A mobile Data Acquisition device should be configured upon a legitimate operator of the system. The range and connections of the two communicating Bluetooth modules should also be taken into consideration. 13
•
A reliable time-buffering, processing and recording mechanism should be configured at the right location and it should also fall within the range of the Bluetooth transmitting device so that it can receive the signals and data at the optimal level.
•
A clear visualization interface is to be maintained in the Central System Unit of the system for the graphical or a visual display of all the activities that are being monitored by the system. A visual representation of the physiological activities also helps the supervisor of the system to reconstruct the course of the selected operator’s duty.
•
There should also be a mechanism for the customary analysation of the data that is received by the Bluetooth module.
•
The system design implementation should also ensure a possibility of distributing the processing among a number of computers. i. e. the data operator’s data are to be recorded by separate instances of the Data logger and then further passed on to the processing to a distributed processing network, so as to speed up the processing and also for accomplishment of distributed database processing.
2.2 SYSTEM OVERVIEW BlueEyes system provides technical means for monitoring and recording the operator’s basic physiological parameters. The most important parameter is saccadic activity, which enables the system to monitor the status of the operator’s visual attention along with head acceleration, which accompanies large displacement of the visual axis. Complex industrial environment can create a danger of exposing the operator to toxic substances, which can affect his cardiac, circulatory and pulmonary systems. Thus, on the grounds of plethysmographic
14
signal taken from the forehead skin surface, the system computes heart beat rate and blood oxygenation. The BlueEyes system checks above parameters against abnormal (e.g. a low level of blood oxygenation or a high pulse rate) or undesirable (e.g. a longer period of lowered visual attention) values and triggers user-defined alarms when necessary. Quite often in an emergency situation operators speak to themselves expressing their surprise or stating verbally the problem. Therefore, the operator’s voice, physiological parameters and an overall view of the operating room are recorded. This helps to reconstruct the course of operators’ work and provides data for longterm analysis. Our system consists of a mobile measuring device and a central analytical system. The mobile device is integrated with Bluetooth module providing wireless interface between sensors worn by the operator and the central unit. ID cards assigned to each of the operators and adequate user profiles on the central unit side provide necessary data personalization so different people can use a single mobile device called DAU – Data Acquisition Unit. The overall system diagram is shown in Figure 1.
Data Acquisition Unit
8051 family microcontroller
Central System Unit
Bluetooth device
Bluetooth device
Connection Manager Module
Data Logger Module
Database
Physiological parameters sensor
Voice interface
Data Analysis Module
Visualisation Module
Figure 1. Overall system diagram
15
The tasks of the mobile Data Acquisition Unit are to maintain Bluetooth connections, to get information from the sensor and sending it over the wireless connection, to deliver the alarm messages sent from the Central System Unit to the operator and handle personalized ID cards. Central System Unit maintains the other side of the Bluetooth connection, buffers incoming sensor data, performs on-line data analysis, records the conclusions for further exploration and provides visualization interface. Performance requirements The portable nature of the mobile unit results in a number of performance requirements. As the device is intended to run on batteries, low power consumption is the most important constraint. Moreover, it is necessary to assure proper timing while receiving and transmitting sensor signals. To make the operation comfortable the device should be lightweight and electrically safe. Finally, the use of standard and inexpensive ICs will keep the price of the device at relatively low level. The priority of the central unit is to provide real-time buffering of incoming sensor signals and semi-real-time processing of the data, which requires speed-optimized filtering and reasoning algorithms. Moreover, the design should assure the possibility of distributing the processing among 2 or more central unit nodes (e.g. to offload the database system related tasks to a dedicated server).
2.3
DATA ACQUISITION UNIT (DAU)
2.3.1Hardware
16
Atmel 89C52 microcontroller is said to be the core of the Data Acquisition Unit since it is a well-established industrial standard and provides necessary functionality (i.e. high speed serial port) at a low price. Microcontroller 89C52 features : ROM 4K bytes RAM 128 bytes Timer 3 I/O pins 32 Serial port 1 89C52 – ‘C’ signifies a CMOS microcontroller
Has on- chip ROM in form of Flash memory.
Ideal for fast development since flash memory can be erased in seconds.
It requires a ROM burner that supports flash memory; however ROM eraser is not required.
Eye Motility Analysis :
Fig : Eye Motility Analysis Eye motility analysis means that the eye of the operator is been monitored and analyzed for the current conditions in it. The camera fixed in the Jazz Multisensor is used to measure and monitor
17
the conditions in the eye (specifically retina). The camera monitors the retinal structure and reports its conditions to the Jazz Multisensor.
Fig : Jazz Multisensor The second component of the Data Acquisition Unit is the Jazz Multisensor that is to be mounted on the head of the operator. This multisensor will sense from the forehead of the operator and then send the plethysmographic signals to the Bluetooth module of the DAU for its transmission to the Central System Unit (CSU) for processing. The Jazz Multisensor, the name itself indicates that it is used to sense or monitor multiple parameters. It is an Eye position measuring
component
of
the
DAU.
Through
direct
infrared
oculography, it measures the movement of the macula of the eyes and accordingly interprets them and passes this to the microcontroller for processing. It also measures the Oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin of operator that is used to measure the pulse rate, blood oxygenation of the operator. It has an two axial accelerometer that is used to detect the operator’s position (standing, lying). It also has an Ambient light sensor to sense the light coming from the external part of the macula or the eyes. 18
It has a camera to sense the saccade. A saccade is a rapid eye jump to a new location assigned by the conscious attention process. The saccade is used to measure the movement of eyes. All the other physiological conditions of the operator are determined by the signals detected from the retina of the eye. The retina of the eye is in connection with the brain by means of optical nerves. In this way, the physiological conditions of the operator are monitored. All these physiological conditions that are monitored by the Jazz Multisensor are then passed to the Data Acquisition Unit. The DAU in turn transmits it to the CSU, where the processing or monitoring of the acquired data is done. An interesting fact to be noted about the Jazz Multisensor id that it can be worn by any operator (identification is done later) and spectacles can also be worn by the operator while working with the system. It makes no difference to the Multisensor. Safety ? Now, there arises a question of, Is it safe to use this device on the forehead and in front of the eyes? Our eyes are protected against very bright light sources by the natural aversion response to viewing bright light sources. This aversion limits the duration of exposure to a fraction of about 0.25 second. The potential for retinal damage from commercially available light source used as a task light was evaluated. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) carried out research. After many researches, the Conference came to a conclusion that there is no thermal or blue light hazard to the retina unless and until the operator elects to focus on the light source.
19
2.3.2Features of DAU If the features of the Data Acquisition Unit (DAU) are to be listed out, then they would be as follows: •
The unit is very light in weight. Since it comprises only of the Jazz Multisensor, the Atmel microcontroller 89C52 and the Bluetooth module that transmits or transfers the data or signals to and from the Central System Unit (CSU).The Data Acquisition Unit (DSU) is just the hardware device that is to be worn by the operator on his forehead and the Jazz Multisensor, Atmel microcontroller and Bluetooth module are embedded in the unit itself. So the overall weight of the unit is very less as only the unit needs to be housed on the operators forehead.
•
The power that is required by the Data Acquisition Unit for its operation is supplied by the batteries that are mounted on the headset that is to be worn by the operator. The power is require only for the operation of the microcontroller and the Bluetooth module. This signifies that this unit in the system consumes much less amount of power for its operation.
•
The unit has a very simple functionality and also it is easy to use by a common operator. It is simply to be worn by the operator, not to look after it. It also does not disturb the operator in his work, neither physically or morally.
•
This unit takes care in regard to authentication also. It only allows access to the legitimate users or rather operators of the system. This is accomplished by making the use of personalized
20
ID cards that are to be inserted in the ID card interface. From here they are tested for authorization. The personalized data of the operator is also been embedded into the ID card that allows the system unit to monitor the unique operator.
2.4 CENTRAL SYSTEM UNIT (CSU) 2.4.1Introductory Modules CSU software is located on the delivered Toshiba laptop, in case of larger resource demands the processing can be distributed among a number of nodes. In this section we describe the four main CSU modules (see Fig. 1): The various modules that are included in this unit are: •
Connection Manager
•
Data Analysis Module
•
Data Logger Module
•
Visualization Module.
The modules exchange data using specially designed single-producermulti-consumer buffered thread-safe queues. Any number of consumer modules can register to receive the data supplied by a producer. Every single consumer can register at any number of producers, receiving therefore different types of data. Naturally, every consumer may be a producer for other consumers.
2.4.2Connection Manager Module Connection Manager’s main task is to perform low-level Bluetooth communication using Host Controller Interface commands. It is designed to cooperate with all available Bluetooth devices in order to support
roaming
Additionally,
Connection
Manager
authorizes
21
operators, manages their sessions, demultiplexes and buffers raw physiological data. Transport Layer Manager hides the details regarding actual Bluetooth physical transport interface (which can be either RS232 or UART or USB standard) and provides uniform HCI command interface. Bluetooth
Connection
Manager
is
responsible
for
establishing and maintaining connections using all available Bluetooth devices. It periodically inquires new devices in an operating range and checks whether they are registered in the system database. Only with those devices the Connection Manager will communicate. The
data
of
each
supervised
operator
is
buffered
separately in the dedicated Operator Manager. Operator Data Manager provides an interface to the operator database enabling the other modules to read or write personal data and system access information.
2.4.3Data Analysis Module The module performs the analysis of the raw sensor data in order
to
obtain
information
about
the
operator’s
physiological
condition. The separately running Data Analysis Module supervises each of the working operators. The module consists of a number of smaller analyzers extracting different types of information. Each of the analyzers registers at the appropriate Operator Manager or another analyzer as a data consumer and, acting as a producer, provides the results of the analysis. An analyzer can be either a simple signal filter (e.g. Finite Input Response (FIR) filter) or a generic data extractor (e.g. signal variance, saccade detector) or a custom detector module. The computed features can be e.g. the operator’s position (standing, walking and lying) or whether his eyes are closed or opened. 22
2.4.4Data Logger Module The module provides support for storing the monitored data in order to enable the supervisor to reconstruct and analyze the course of the operator’s duty. The module registers as a consumer of the data to be stored in the database. Each working operator’s data is recorded by a separate instance of the Data Logger. Apart from the raw or processed physiological data, alerts and operator’s voice are stored. The raw data is supplied by the related Operator Manager module, whereas the Data Analysis module delivers the processed data. The voice data is delivered by a Voice Data Acquisition module. 2.4.5
Visualization Module The module provides user interface for the supervisors. It
enables them to watch each of the working operator’s physiological condition along with a preview of selected video source and his related sound stream. Watching all the recorded physiological parameters, alarms, video and audio data the supervisor is able to reconstruct the course of the selected operator’s duty. Features Some of the features of the Central System Unit are: •
The Bluetooth connection management of the two units.
•
Data processing that has been acquired from the mobile device or the Data Acquisition Unit.
•
Visualization of the overall data acquired into an appropriate format.
•
The recording of the data into an external database using OBDC.
•
Access verification of an operator, by matching his data with that in system’s database.
23
•
The overall maintenance of the system, as to the maintenance of both the units.
CHAPTER 3 : SECURITY AND APPLICATION AREAS 3.1 SECURITY OF DATA IN THE SYSTEM There are various levels of security perseverance in the system. They can be enlisted as follows: •
Only registered mobile devices can connect to the system by the means of unique ID cards maintained by each individual operator. When the ID card is inserted in its interface then there is an authorization process run, and piped to the process is only the access allowed to the legitimate operators of the system.
•
Whenever a Bluetooth connection is to be established then also there is an authentication procedure followed by the system to allow access to only those operators those have a unique identification and its representation or valid entry in the database.
•
Bluetooth connection encryption is maintained in the system for authentication purposes.
•
Access rights restrictions are also been imposed, so as to maintain hierarchical structure in networks and to allow limited access to the operator.
•
Personal and physiological data encryption is another facet. Only the operator and the system know what is its status, no other intruder cannot have access to personal information.
24
3.2 APPLICATION AREAS OF THE SYSTEM BlueEyes system can be applied in every working environment requiring permanent operator's attention: •
The system can be used at the power plant control rooms for monitoring the physiological conditions of the operator who controls the overall power system.
•
at captain bridges
•
It can also be implemented in the flight control centers, that require the continuous monitoring of a human operator for keeping the track of all flights.
•
Medical Application : The anesthesiologists can use the system in the operation theaters to monitor the physiological condition of the operator(patient in this case), then accordingly treat the patient.
•
A most common application can be, assuming the operator to be a driver and the supervised process is car. Through physiological conditions operator can control movement. Also the system can monitor conscious brain involvement and warn when necessary.
25
26
CHAPTER 4 : MERITS AND DEMERITS In section gives a brief overview of the merits, demerits and implementation trade-offs of the system.
4.1 MERITS OF THE SYSTEM The system is able to
4.2 DEMERITS OF THE SYSTEM The prototype built has several limitations, which are not the result of the project deficiency but are rather caused by the constraints imposed by the Project Kit and small budget. In the commercial release the USB web-cam should be replaced by an industrial camera, connected to a capturing device. The use of such a camera would lessen CPU load and improve the video signal quality. Since the Bluetooth module does not support redirecting of the voice SCO connections data to the serial port (which is a part of the Bluetooth specification) PCM interface is built on the central system side similar to the one used in the DAU. This makes the Voice Data Acquisition module receive the sound using the sound card.
27
CHAPTER 5 : A GENERIC TOUCH TO THE FUTURE OF THE SYSTEM FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS IN THIS SYSTEM
5.1
There lies an immense scope in the improvement of this system. Rather the commercial implementation of this system holds much ground in this dynamic era of computer sciences. •
The use of a miniature CMOS camera integrated into the eye movement sensor will enable the system to calculate the point of gaze and observe what the operator is actually looking at.
•
Introducing
voice
recognition
algorithm
will
facilitate
the
communication between the operator and the central system and simplify the authorization process. Despite considering in the report only the operators working in control rooms, the solution may well be applied to everyday life situations. •
Assuming the operator is a driver and the supervised process is car driving it is possible to build a simpler embedded on-line system, which will only monitor conscious brain involvement and warn when necessary. As in this case the logging module is redundant, and the Bluetooth technology is becoming more and more popular, the commercial implementation of such a system would be relatively inexpensive.
•
The system can also be implemented to its optimal level in various other scenarios like that of in the power plant control stations to monitor the physiological condition of the operator. As this system implements a very vivid technology called the Bluetooth technology, the use of this technology facilitates the minimization of the cost of implementation of the system and
28
also this system can be utilized by many common end users. Only the norms and the system architectural design have to be known to only the systems’ administrator. •
The system can also make use of the Data mining algorithms. Data mining is the extraction of information from databases. The use of this technique will increase the efficiency of the retrieval of information from databases as and when needed and also, for keeping the track of identification of various operators of system in the database.
29
CHAPTER 6 : SUMMARY Starting
with
the
name
of
the
system,
BlueEyes
emphasizes– Bluetooth technology and the movements of the eyes. Bluetooth provides reliable wireless communication whereas the eye movements enable us to obtain a lot of interesting and important information using the eye motility analysis. The BlueEyes system is developed because of the need for a real-time monitoring system for a human operator. The approach is innovative since it helps supervise the operator not the process, as it is in presently available solutions. The system in its commercial release will help avoid potential threats resulting from human errors, such as weariness, oversight, tiredness or temporal indisposition. However, the prototype developed is a good estimation of the possibilities of the final product. No doubt, there are some lacunas in the system, but these are present only because the system is developed on the project basis. This is done only to limit the cost of the system. The commercial implementation of the system can resolve the lacunas. In recent years, Bluetooth technology is becoming more and more popular; the commercial implementation of such a system
30
would be relatively inexpensive. And if a large scale implementation is done, then such a system will definitely prove to be a boon for the human race in course of time.
BIBLIOGRAPHY Books: •
8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems (for Basics of 8051 family microcontrollers and Serial Communication Principles) Author : Mazidi and Mazidi
•
Wireless Technology Manual 4.5 (for Basics of Bluetooth Technology)
Websites : •
www.google.com
•
www.bluetooth.com
•
www.poznan.net
•
www.bluemax.com/eyessafe
•
www.wikipedia.org
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