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HIV/AIDS
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Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants 2018, Pages 95–106
Chapter 9 – Antioxidants in HIV in Africa: Supplements, Local Diet, and Education
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Germaine S. Nkengfack Nembongwe1, Heike Englert 2 Show more https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809853-0.00009-2
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Abstract Since the discovery of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 1981, approximately 25 million lives have been claimed, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. HIV causes chronic immune activation, provoking oxidative stress, and reducing antioxidant level in the body. Studies confirm that regular intake of medication and supplements can slow down disease progression. However, such medications and nutritional supplements are expensive and often inaccessible to a majority, who are from the lower social class. Recent studies show that a health affirming lifestyle and an optimal intake of antioxidants through local diets is also able to reduce oxidative stress, increase levels of endogenous antioxidative enzymes (glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase). It is therefore intimating to promote the use of local diets, with its high and available content in bioactive agents, through education. Educating patients on adequate nutrition will help improve health outcomes and make this approach sustainable.
Keywords Antioxidant; Africa; Diet; Education; Oxidative stress; Supplements
List of Abbreviations AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ART Antiretroviral therapy CD Cluster of Differentiation DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid Gp 120 glycoprotein 120 GSH Glutathione HAART Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus IL-1, IL-6 Interleukin 1, Interleukin 6 LDL Low-density lipoprotein LGSH Liposomal Glutathione MCP-1 Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 NAD+ Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide NNRTIs nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors NRTIs nonreverse transcriptase inhibitors PARP Poly ADP ribose polymerase PI Protease Inhibitors PLWHA people living with HIV/AIDS RANTES Regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed, and secreted RDA Required daily allowance Tat Transactivator of Transcription Th1 Type-1 helper Th2 Type-2 helper TNFTumor Necrosis Factor UNAIDS Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS WHO World Health Organization
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